JP6036735B2 - Joining method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining metal members by friction stirring.

  Friction stir welding (FSW = Friction Stir Welding) is known as a method for joining metal members. Friction stir welding is a method in which the metal members are fixed together by rotating the rotary tool along the abutting portion between the metal members and plastically flowing the metal at the abutting portion by frictional heat between the rotating tool and the metal member. Phase joining is performed.

  Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a rotating tool is inserted into a butt portion formed by abutting end portions of metal members, and the butt portion is friction stir welded from the front side and the back side of the metal members. ing.

JP 2008-290092 A

  When friction stir welding is performed, a plasticized region is formed in the movement trajectory of the rotary tool. However, since the plasticized region is thermally contracted, the metal members after bonding are deformed so as to be concave.

  From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a joining method capable of easily flattening the joined metal members in a joining method of metal members by friction stirring.

  In order to solve such a problem, the present invention provides a preparatory step in which end faces on one end side of a metal member are butted together to form a butted portion, and first friction stir from the surface side of the metal member to the butted portion In the first main joining step, a step is provided on the mounting portion on which the metal member is placed, and the step is used with respect to the other end side of the one metal member. Then, the one end side is inclined so as to be higher, and friction stirring is performed in a state where the other metal member is placed substantially horizontally on the placement portion.

  According to such a joining method, when performing the first main joining step, one metal member is inclined in advance, and the joined metal member is flattened by utilizing the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding. can do. Moreover, a metal member can be easily inclined by utilizing the level | step difference of a mounting part.

  In addition, the mounting portion is formed by arranging a pair of divided mounts side by side, and at least one of the divided mounts is formed to be movable up and down. In the first main joining step, the surface of one of the divided mounts is formed. On the other hand, it is preferable to carry out friction stirring in a state where the surface of the other divided frame is positioned upward.

  According to such a joining method, the inclination angle of the metal member can be easily changed by changing the height of the vertically movable partition frame.

  Further, in the preparation step, the surfaces of the divided mounts are set to be flush with each other, and the pair of metal members are butted together so that the butting portion is positioned on the other divided mount, It is preferable that one of the metal members is inclined by raising the divided frame with respect to the one divided frame.

  According to this joining method, the inclination angle of the metal member can be easily changed.

  Moreover, after performing the first main joining step, the second main joining step of cutting off the burrs generated by friction stirring and turning the metal member upside down and performing friction stirring from the back side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, the surfaces of the respective divided mounts are flush with each other, and a cooling medium is passed through cooling channels formed inside the pair of divided mounts to cool the metal member. However, it is preferable to carry out friction stirring.

  According to this joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed with the surfaces of the divided mounts being flush with each other. It can be carried out. Further, since the friction stir is performed while the metal member is cooled, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Moreover, after performing the first main joining step, the second main joining step of cutting off the burrs generated by friction stirring and turning the metal member upside down and performing friction stirring from the back side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, the surface of each of the divided mounts is made flush, and friction agitation is performed using a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool used in the first main joining step. It is preferable to carry out friction stirring with only the stirring pin in contact with the metal member.

  According to this joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the height of the metal member divided mounts is changed so that the surfaces of the divided mounts are flush with each other. Thus, the second main joining process can be performed stably. In addition, by performing the second main joining step so that the heat input amount is reduced, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Further, in the second main joining step, it is preferable to carry out friction agitation while putting a stirring pin into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step.

  According to this joining method, since the joint defect formed in the plasticized region in the first main joining step can be frictionally stirred again in the second main joining step, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be reduced. It is possible to increase the bonding strength as well as increase the bonding strength.

  Further, the second main joining step of removing the burrs generated by the friction stir after performing the first main joining step and turning the metal member upside down and performing the friction stir from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, it is preferable to use a flat pedestal having no level difference and to perform friction stir while cooling the metal member by flowing a cooling medium through a cooling channel of the flat pedestal.

  According to such a joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by using a flat base without a step. it can. Further, in the second main joining step, since the friction stir is performed while the metal member is cooled, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Moreover, after performing the first main joining step, the second main joining step of cutting off the burrs generated by friction stirring and turning the metal member upside down and performing friction stirring from the back side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, a flat base without a step is used, and the friction stirring is performed using a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool used in the first main joining step, or In addition, it is preferable to perform frictional stirring with only the stirring pin in contact with the metal member.

  According to such a joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by using a flat base without a step. it can. In addition, by performing the second main joining step so that the heat input amount is reduced, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Further, in the second main joining step, it is preferable to perform friction stirring while inserting a stirring pin into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step.

  According to this joining method, since the joint defect formed in the plasticized region in the first main joining step can be frictionally stirred again in the second main joining step, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be reduced. It is possible to increase the bonding strength as well as increase the bonding strength.

  Further, the mounting portion is formed by a flat base without a step and a metal interposed plate arranged on the surface of the flat base, and in the first main joining step, the back surface of the other metal member is formed. It is preferable that the surface of the interposed plate is brought into surface contact, and the friction stir is performed in a state where one of the metal members is inclined using a step formed by the interposed plate.

  According to such a joining method, when performing the first main joining step, one metal member is inclined in advance using an interposed plate, and the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding is used to join. The metal member can be flattened. Moreover, a metal member can be easily inclined by utilizing the level | step difference formed of the interposed plate.

  Further, the second main joining step of removing the burrs generated by the friction stir after performing the first main joining step and turning the metal member upside down and performing the friction stir from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, it is preferable that the interposed plate is removed, and the friction stir is performed while cooling the metal member by flowing a cooling medium through a cooling flow path of the flat frame.

  According to such a joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by using a flat base without a step. it can. Further, in the second main joining step, since the friction stir is performed while the metal member is cooled, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Moreover, after performing the first main joining step, the second main joining step of cutting off the burrs generated by friction stirring and turning the metal member upside down and performing friction stirring from the back side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, the interposed plate is removed, and friction stirring is performed using a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool used in the first main joining step, or stirring is performed. Friction stirring is preferably performed with only the pin in contact with the metal member.

  According to such a joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by using a flat base without a step. it can. In addition, by performing the second main joining step so that the heat input amount is reduced, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Further, in the second main joining step, it is preferable to carry out friction agitation while putting a stirring pin into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step.

  According to this joining method, since the joint defect formed in the plasticized region in the first main joining step can be frictionally stirred again in the second main joining step, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be reduced. It is possible to increase the bonding strength as well as increase the bonding strength.

  Further, the second main joining step of removing the burrs generated by the friction stir after performing the first main joining step and turning the metal member upside down and performing the friction stir from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, the surface of the metal member is brought into surface contact with the surface of the metal intervention plate, and a cooling medium is passed through the cooling channel of the flat frame to cool the metal member. However, it is preferable to carry out friction stirring.

  According to this joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by using the interposed plate. Further, in the second main joining step, since the friction stir is performed while the metal member is cooled, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Moreover, after performing the first main joining step, the second main joining step of cutting off the burrs generated by friction stirring and turning the metal member upside down and performing friction stirring from the back side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the second main joining step, the surface of the metal member is brought into surface contact with the surface of the metal intervention plate, and the small rotation is smaller than the rotary tool used in the first main joining step. It is preferable to perform frictional stirring using a tool or to perform frictional stirring in a state where only the stirring pin is in contact with the metal member.

  According to this joining method, since the joined metal members are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by using the interposed plate. In addition, by performing the second main joining step so that the heat input amount is reduced, the occurrence of thermal shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members after the second main bonding can be made flat.

  Further, in the second main joining step, it is preferable to carry out friction stirring while inserting a stirring pin into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step.

  According to this joining method, since the joint defect formed in the plasticized region in the first main joining step can be frictionally stirred again in the second main joining step, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be reduced. It is possible to increase the bonding strength as well as increase the bonding strength.

  In the first main joining step, it is preferable that the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the rotary tool are set so that the shear side of the rotary tool for friction stirring becomes the other metal member side.

The shear side means “the side where the relative speed of the outer periphery of the rotating tool with respect to the bonded portion is a value obtained by adding the magnitude of the moving speed to the magnitude of the tangential speed on the outer periphery of the rotating tool”. On the other hand, the flow side means “the side on which the relative speed of the rotating tool with respect to the bonded portion is reduced by rotating the rotating tool in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the rotating tool”. When performing frictional stirring, the amount of heat input is greater on the shear side than on the flow side.
According to such a joining method, since the shear side is set so as to be positioned on the other metal member side, the amount of heat input to the other metal member side is increased, but the back surface of the other metal member is the mounting portion. Since it is in contact, the amount of heat removal is also increased. Thereby, a deformation | transformation of the other metal member can be suppressed.

  According to the joining method according to the present invention, the joined metal members can be easily flattened.

1 shows a movable gantry according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the preparatory process of the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows the state which mounted the metal member, (b) shows the state which inclined the metal member. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows a burr cutting process, (c) shows a 2nd main joining process. . It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows before a 2nd main joining process, (b) shows the inside of a 2nd main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows a 2nd main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows 3rd embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows a 2nd main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of 3rd embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows a 2nd main joining process.

[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the movable gantry used in this embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the joining method according to the first embodiment, a movable gantry K is used. The movable gantry K is configured by arranging a split gantry K1 and a split gantry K2 side by side in the horizontal direction. The movable base K is a base for joining the metal members 1X and 1Y (see FIG. 2A), and the split base K1 is formed so as to be movable up and down with respect to the split base K2.

  The divided gantry K1 includes a substrate K1a, a clamp K1b, and a cooling channel K1c. The divided gantry K1 is formed to be movable up and down by an elevating part (not shown) provided in the lower part of the substrate K1a. The substrate K1a is made of metal and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. It is preferable that the board | substrate K1a is formed with the metal with high heat conductivity. The clamp K1b is a member that fixes the metal member 1Y (see FIG. 2A) to the substrate K1a. A plurality of clamps K1b are provided on the surface K1d of the substrate K1a.

  The cooling channel K1c is a channel through which a cooling medium flows, and a plurality of cooling channels K1c are formed inside the substrate K1a. The metal members 1X and 1Y (see FIG. 2A) can be cooled by the cooling medium flowing through the cooling flow path K1c. The cooling channel K1c is formed of a cylindrical tube in the present embodiment. The cooling channel K1c is disposed in parallel with the surface K1d at a portion close to the surface K1d. The number of cooling channels K1c is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, three are provided.

  The divided gantry K2 includes a substrate K2a, a clamp K2b, and a cooling channel K2c. The split base K2 is formed so as not to move up and down. The substrate K2a is made of metal and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The substrate K2a is preferably made of a metal having high heat conductivity. The side surface K2e of the substrate K2a is in surface contact with the side surface K1e of the substrate K1a. The boundary surface N is formed by the surface contact between the side surface K1e and the side surface K2e. The clamp K2b is a member that fixes the metal member 1X (see FIG. 2A) to the substrate K2a. A plurality of clamps K2b are installed on the surface K2d of the substrate K2a.

  The cooling channel K2c is a channel through which a cooling medium flows, and a plurality of cooling channels K2c are formed inside the substrate K2a. The metal members 1X and 1Y (see FIG. 2A) can be cooled by the cooling medium flowing through the cooling flow path K2c. In the present embodiment, the cooling channel K2c is formed of a cylindrical tube. The cooling channel K2c is disposed in parallel with the surface K2d at a portion close to the surface K2d. The number of cooling channels K2c is not particularly limited, but in the present embodiment, three are provided.

  In this embodiment, the movable frame K is configured such that the divided frame K1 is movable and the divided frame K2 is fixed. However, at least one of the divided frame K1 and the divided frame K2 is configured to be movable up and down. That's fine.

  Next, the joining method according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown to (a) of FIG. 2, in 1st embodiment, the butt | matching part J formed by butting | matching the edge parts of metal member 1X, 1Y is joined by friction stirring. In the bonding method according to the first embodiment, a preparation process, a first main bonding process, a burr cutting process, and a second main bonding process are performed.

  The metal members 1X and 1Y are metal plate-like members. The metal members 1X and 1Y have the same shape. Moreover, the metal members 1X and 1Y are formed of the same material. The material of the metal members 1X and 1Y is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that can be frictionally stirred, but may be appropriately selected from, for example, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, and the like. .

  The preparation process is a process in which the metal members 1X and 1Y are abutted and one metal member 1X is inclined. In the preparation step, first, the divided frame K1 is moved so that the surface K1d of the divided frame K1 and the surface K2d of the divided frame K2 are flush with each other. As a result, a flat gantry in which the surface K1d and the surface K2d are flush with each other is formed.

  Next, the metal members 1X and 1Y are placed on the surface K1d and the surface K2d, and the end surfaces 1a and 1a of the metal members 1X and 1Y are abutted to form the abutting portion J. At this time, the abutting portion J is set so as to be positioned on the divided frame K1. In other words, the abutting portion J is set so as to be positioned on the divided frame K1 side with respect to the boundary surface N.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2B, the divided frame K1 is raised with respect to the divided frame K2. Thereby, the position of the surface K1d becomes higher than the surface K2d, and a step is formed on the surface of the movable mount K. In the present embodiment, the “mounting portion” in the claims is composed of divided bases K1 and K2 in which steps are formed by the surfaces K1d and K2d having different height positions.

  By raising the divided frame K1, one metal member 1X is inclined so that one end side (end surface 1a side) is higher than the other end side. That is, the other end side of one metal member 1X abuts on the surface K2d, and one end side is lifted upward by the divided frame K1 and tilted. The other metal member 1Y is placed substantially horizontally on the surface K1d of the divided frame K1. Then, the metal members 1X and 1Y are restrained so as not to move by the clamps K1b and K2b, respectively.

  When the metal members 1X and 1Y are fixed to the movable mount K, the lower ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are in contact with each other, but the upper ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are slightly separated from each other. The “butting portion” according to the present embodiment includes a state in which the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a are butted and the space section formed between the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a has a V shape.

  The angle of inclination of one metal member 1X is not particularly limited. However, the first metal member 1X and the first metal member 1X are considered in consideration of the material of the metal members 1X and 1Y, the dimensions of each part, the heat input amount in the main joining process described later, the heat shrinkage after joining, and the like. What is necessary is just to set the inclination | tilt angle suitably so that the metal members 1X and 1Y may become flat according to the thermal contraction after this main joining process.

  The first main joining process is a process in which friction stir welding is performed on the butted portion J from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y. As shown in FIG. 3A, the first main joining step uses a rotating tool G in the present embodiment. The rotary tool G includes a shoulder portion G1 that has a cylindrical shape, and a stirring pin G2 that protrudes from the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1. The stirring pin G2 has a frustum shape.

  In the first main joining step, the stirring pin G2 of the rotating tool G rotated with respect to the abutting portion J is inserted from the surface 1b, 1b side of the metal member 1X, 1Y. Then, the rotary tool G is relatively moved along the abutting portion J.

  In the present embodiment, the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1 is pushed about several millimeters from the surfaces 1b and 1b to perform frictional stirring. Further, the rotational direction and the traveling direction of the rotary tool G are set so that the shear side is the metal member 1Y side (the side on which the metal member is disposed substantially horizontally). Specifically, the rotary tool G is rotated counterclockwise and relatively moved in the depth direction (the reverse side of the paper surface in FIG. 3A). The metal of the end faces 1a and 1a is frictionally stirred by the rotating rotary tool G and the metal members 1X and 1Y are joined. A plasticized region W1 is formed in the movement locus of the rotary tool G.

  When the metal member 1X is disposed substantially horizontally and the metal member 1Y is inclined, the metal member 1X side is set to be the shear side. That is, in this case, the rotary tool G is rotated to the right, and is relatively moved in the depth direction (the rear side direction in FIG. 3A).

  The insertion depth of the stirring pin G2 with respect to the metal members 1X and 1Y may be set as appropriate, but it is preferable to insert the tip of the stirring pin G2 to a position that is at least half of the depth direction of the butted portion J. When the first main joining process is completed, the clamps K1b and K2b are released and the metal members 1X and 1Y are left. After the first main joining step, the metal members 1X and 1Y are flattened by heat shrinkage.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, the burr cutting step is a step of cutting the burr V generated in the first main joining step. In the burr cutting step, the burrs V generated on the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y are cut to smooth the surfaces 1b and 1b.

  In the second main joining step, the coolant flows through the cooling flow path K3 of the movable mount K to cool the metal members 1X and 1Y, while the metal members 1X and 1Y face the abutting portion J from the back surfaces 1c and 1c side. This is a step of performing friction stir welding. As shown in FIG. 3C, in the second main joining step, first, the divided frame K1 is lowered to make the surfaces K1d and K2d flush with each other. As a result, a flat gantry in which the surface K1d and the surface K2d are flush with each other is formed.

  In the second main joining step, the metal members 1X and 1Y are turned over, and the metal members 1X and 1Y are restrained so as not to move on the movable frame K via the clamps K1b and K2b. The surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y are in surface contact with the surfaces K1d and K2d. As shown in FIG. 3C, in the second main joining step, the stirring pin G2 of the rotating tool G rotated with respect to the abutting portion J is inserted from the back surfaces 1c, 1c of the metal members 1X, 1Y. Then, the rotating tool G is relatively moved along the abutting portion J while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y by flowing a cooling medium through the cooling channels K1c and K2c.

  In this embodiment, the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1 is pushed about several millimeters from the back surfaces 1c and 1c to perform frictional stirring. The metal of the end faces 1a and 1a is frictionally stirred by the rotating rotary tool G and the metal members 1X and 1Y are joined. A plasticized region W2 is formed in the movement locus of the rotary tool G. The insertion depth of the stirring pin G2 with respect to the metal members 1X and 1Y may be set as appropriate, but it is preferable to insert the stirring pin G2 so that the plasticized region W1 and the plasticized region W2 are in contact with each other. More preferably, it is preferable to insert the stirring pin G2 so as to enter the plasticizing region W1 as in this embodiment. The metal members 1X and 1Y are joined by the above process.

  According to the joining method according to the present embodiment described above, one of the metal members 1X and 1Y is inclined in advance and the heat shrinkage after friction stir welding is used when the first main joining step is performed. Thus, the metal members 1X and 1Y joined after the first main joining step can be flattened.

  Moreover, according to this embodiment, since the movable mount frame K which can be moved up and down is used, the inclination angle of the metal member 1X can be easily adjusted. In addition, the metal members 1X and 1Y may be abutted in a state where the movable base K is a step base, but the metal member can be raised by raising the split base K1 from a flat base without a step as in this embodiment. Fine adjustment of the 1X tilt angle is facilitated.

  Further, since the joined metal members 1X and 1Y are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step is performed with the surfaces K1d and K2d of the divided mounts K1 and K2 being flush with each other. Can be performed stably. In addition, since the friction stir is performed while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y, the occurrence of heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, metal member 1X, 1Y after 2nd main joining can be made flat. Further, by using the movable mount K, each process can be performed with one mount.

  Further, by performing the burr cutting process, the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y can be brought into surface contact with the surfaces K1d and K2d. Thereby, cooling efficiency can be improved. Further, by disposing the cooling channels K1c and K2c along the extending direction of the butting portion J, the portion where the frictional heat is generated can be intensively cooled, so that the cooling efficiency can be improved. Moreover, since the joint defect formed in the plasticized region W1 in the first main joining step can be frictionally stirred again in the second main joining step, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be improved. At the same time, the bonding strength can be increased.

  In the present embodiment, in the first main joining step, the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the rotary tool G are set so that the other metal member 1Y side is the shear side. Thereby, in the first main joining step, the amount of heat input is greater on the shear side (the other metal member 1Y side) than on the flow side (the one metal member 1X side). However, since the surface K1d of the divided frame K1 and the back surface 1c of the metal member 1Y are in surface contact, the heat removal efficiency is increased (see arrow Q in FIG. 3A), and the amount of heat remaining on the metal member 1Y is small. Become. Thereby, the thermal contraction of the metal member 1Y can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, the one metal member 1X side has only the other end side and one end side of the metal member 1X in line contact with the surfaces K2d and K1d, so the heat removal efficiency is low. However, since the metal member 1X side is the flow side (the side where the rotation tool rotates in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the rotation tool, the relative speed of the rotation tool with respect to the joined portion is reduced), the shear side Less heat input. Thereby, the amount of heat remaining in the metal member 1X can be reduced.

[Modification]
4A and 4B are cross-sectional views showing a modification of the first embodiment, in which FIG. 4A shows a state before the second main joining step, and FIG. 4B shows a state during the second main joining step. In the second main joining step according to the first embodiment, the friction stir is performed while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  In the second main joining step according to the modification shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the friction stir welding is performed using the main welding rotary tool F. The main rotating tool for joining F includes a connecting portion F1 and a stirring pin F2. The main rotating tool F for joining is formed of, for example, tool steel. The connection part F1 is a part connected to the rotating shaft of a friction stirrer (not shown).

  The stirring pin F2 hangs down from the connecting portion F1 and is coaxial with the connecting portion F1. The stirring pin F2 is tapered as it is separated from the connecting portion F1. A spiral groove F3 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the stirring pin F2. In the present embodiment, the spiral groove F3 is formed in a counterclockwise direction from the proximal end toward the distal end in order to rotate the main joining rotary tool F to the right.

  In addition, when rotating this welding rotation tool F counterclockwise, it is preferable to form the spiral groove F3 in the clockwise direction from the proximal end toward the distal end. By setting the spiral groove F3 in this way, the plastic fluidized metal at the time of frictional stirring is guided to the tip side of the stirring pin F2 by the spiral groove F3. Thereby, the quantity of the metal which overflows to the exterior of a to-be-joined metal member (metal member 1X, 1Y) can be decreased.

  In the second main joining step according to the modified example, as shown in FIG. 4B, the stirring pin F2 is inserted into the butting portion J from the back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1X and 1Y, and only the stirring pin F2 is inserted. Friction stir welding is performed in a state in which is brought into contact with the metal members 1X and 1Y. A plasticized region W2 is formed on the movement locus of the stirring pin F2. The insertion depth of the stirring pin F2 may be set as appropriate, but it is preferable to insert the stirring pin F2 so that the tip of the stirring pin F2 enters the plasticizing region W1 as in this embodiment.

  According to the second main joining process according to the modification, for example, the shoulder portion G1 does not contact the metal members 1X and 1Y as in the first embodiment, and only the stirring pin F2 contacts the metal members 1X and 1Y. Therefore, the amount of heat input can be reduced. Thereby, even if it does not cool metal member 1X, 1Y, a deformation | transformation of metal member 1X, 1Y can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 after a 2nd main joining process can be made flat.

  In the modification, the second main joining process is performed using the main welding rotating tool F. For example, a small rotating tool H (see FIG. 6B) that is smaller than the rotating tool G is used. Friction stirring may be performed so that the heat input becomes small. Even if it does in this way, even if it does not cool metal member 1X, 1Y, the thermal contraction of metal member 1X, 1Y can be suppressed by making small heat input.

  In the second main joining step, when the main joining rotary tool F or the small rotary tool H is used, friction stirring may be performed while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y. As a result, the amount of heat remaining in the metal members 1X and 1Y is further reduced, so that thermal contraction of the metal members 1X and 1Y can be suppressed.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the joining method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the joining method according to the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a step base L having a step and a flat base M having no step are used. . In the second embodiment, the description will focus on the parts that are different from the first embodiment.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 5, the level | step difference mount frame L is comprised by the board | substrate L1 and the clamp L2. The substrate L1 includes a surface La, a surface Lb formed at a position lower than the surface La, and a vertical plane Lc perpendicular to the surfaces La and Lb. In the present embodiment, the “mounting portion” in the claims includes a step base L in which a step is formed by the surfaces La and Lb having different height positions.

  As shown in FIG. 5B, the flat base M is composed of a substrate M1, clamping members M2 and M2, and a plurality of cooling channels M3. It is preferable that the board | substrate M1 exhibits a rectangular parallelepiped and is formed with the metal with high heat conductivity.

  Next, the joining method according to the second embodiment will be described. As shown to (a) of FIG. 5, in the joining method which concerns on 2nd embodiment, a preparatory process, a 1st main joining process, a burr cutting process, and a 2nd main joining process are performed.

  The preparation step is a step of abutting the metal members 1X and 1Y and inclining one metal member 1X. In the preparation step, first, the metal members 1X and 1Y are abutted so that the abutting portion J is positioned on the surface La side of the vertical surface Lc. Thereby, one metal member 1X inclines so that one end side (end surface 1a side) may become high with respect to the other end side. The other metal member 1Y is placed substantially horizontally on the surface La. Then, the metal members 1X and 1Y are restrained so as not to move by the clamps L2 and L2, respectively.

  The first main joining step is a step in which friction agitation is performed on the butted portion J from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y. The first main joining process and the burr cutting process are equivalent to the first embodiment.

  In the second main joining step, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the metal members 1X, 1Y are cooled using the flat base M, and the back surfaces 1c, This is a step of performing frictional stirring from the 1c side. In the second main joining step, the metal members 1X and 1Y are turned over and the metal members 1X and 1Y are restrained so as not to move via the sandwiching members M2 and M2. The surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y are in surface contact with the surface Ma.

  In the second main joining process, the stirring pin G2 of the rotating tool G rotated with respect to the abutting portion J is inserted from the back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1X and 1Y. Then, the rotating tool G is relatively moved along the abutting portion J while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y by flowing a cooling medium through the cooling flow path M3. When performing the second main joining step, inserting the stirring pin G2 to the extent that it enters the plasticized region W1 formed in the first main joining step is equivalent to the first embodiment.

  As in the bonding method according to the present embodiment described above, even if separate bases are provided and bonded in the first main bonding step and the second main bonding step, substantially the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained. Can do.

  Although the second embodiment of the present invention has been described above, design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the second main joining step, the frictional stirring was performed while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the amount of heat input is reduced by using a rotating tool F for main joining (see FIGS. 4A and 4B) or a small rotating tool H smaller than the rotating tool G (see FIG. 6B). Thus, friction stirring may be performed. Thereby, even if it does not cool metal member 1X, 1Y, heat shrink of metal member 1X, 1Y is suppressed by making small heat input, and metal member 1, 1 after the 2nd main joining process is made flat. be able to.

  In the second main joining step, when the main joining rotary tool F or the small rotary tool H is used, friction stirring may be performed while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y. Thereby, since the amount of heat input becomes smaller, the thermal contraction of the metal members 1X and 1Y can be suppressed.

[Third embodiment]
Next, the joining method according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The joining method according to the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that an interposed plate 10 is mainly used as shown in FIG. In the third embodiment, a description will be given focusing on the parts that are different from the first embodiment.

  In the third embodiment, the flat base P and the interposed plate 10 having no step are used. The flat base P is composed of a substrate P1, a clamp P2, and a cooling channel P3. The board | substrate P1 exhibits a rectangular parallelepiped. The surface P1a of the substrate P1 is flat. The substrate P1 is preferably made of a metal having high heat conductivity. A plurality of cooling channels P3 are disposed on the substrate P1.

  The interposed plate 10 is a metal plate member. The material of the interposed plate 10 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal, but preferably has a high melting point and high heat conductivity. The interposed plate 10 is preferably formed of, for example, iron, copper, aluminum alloy or the like.

  Next, the joining method according to the third embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 6A, in the joining method according to the third embodiment, a preparation process, a first main joining process, a burr cutting process, and a second main joining process are performed.

  The preparation step is a step of abutting the metal members 1X and 1Y and inclining one metal member 1X. In the preparation process, first, the interposed plate 10 is placed on the surface P1a of the substrate P1. The back surface 10b of the interposed plate 10 is in surface contact with the front surface P1a. Thereby, a level | step difference is formed in the mounting part which mounts metal member 1X, 1Y. In the present embodiment, the “mounting portion” in the claims includes a flat base P and an intervening plate 10 in which steps are formed by the surface P1a and the surface 10a having different height positions.

  In the preparation step, the metal members 1X and 1Y are butted so that the butted portion J is positioned on the interposed plate 10. Thereby, one metal member 1X inclines so that one end side (end surface 1a side) may become high with respect to the other end side. The other metal member 1 </ b> Y is placed on the surface 10 a of the interposed plate 10 substantially horizontally. Then, the metal members 1X and 1Y are restrained so as not to move by the clamps P2 and P2, respectively.

  The first main joining process is a process in which friction stir welding is performed on the butted portion J from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y. In the present embodiment, the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the rotary tool G are set so that the interposed plate 10 (side on which the back surface of the metal member is in surface contact with the front surface 10a) is the shear side. In other words, in the present embodiment, the rotary tool G is relatively moved in the depth direction of the metal members 1X and 1Y (the rear side of the paper in FIG. 6A) while rotating the rotary tool G counterclockwise. The burr cutting process is equivalent to the first embodiment.

  When the metal plate 1X is placed horizontally and the other metal member 1Y is inclined while the interposed plate 10 is disposed on the back surface 1c of the one metal member 1X, the rotary tool G is rotated to the right. The rotary tool G is relatively moved in the depth direction of the metal members 1X and 1Y (the rear side direction in FIG. 6A). Thereby, in this case, the side of the metal member 1X arranged substantially horizontally is the shear side.

  In the second main joining step, as shown in FIG. 6B, while the metal members 1X and 1Y are cooled, friction stirring is performed from the back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1X and 1Y using the small rotary tool H. This is a process of joining. In the second main joining step, first, the interposed plate 10 is removed from the substrate P1. Then, the metal members 1X and 1Y are turned over, and the metal members 1X and 1Y are restrained so as not to move by the clamp P2. The surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y are in surface contact with the surface P1a.

  And in the 2nd main joining process, the small rotation tool H rotated with respect to the butt | matching part J is inserted from the back surface 1c, 1c side of metal member 1X, 1Y. The small rotary tool H is smaller than the rotary tool G. The small rotary tool H includes a shoulder portion H1 that has a cylindrical shape, and a stirring pin H2 that protrudes from the lower end surface of the shoulder portion H1. The stirring pin H2 has a frustum shape.

  In the second main joining process, the cooling medium is allowed to flow through the cooling flow path P3 to cool the metal members 1X and 1Y, and the lower end surface of the shoulder portion H1 is pushed in about several millimeters from the back surfaces 1c and 1c to perform friction stirring. . A plasticized region W2 is formed on the movement locus of the small rotary tool H. The insertion depth of the stirring pin H2 may be set as appropriate, but it is preferably inserted to such an extent that the plasticized region W1 and the plasticized region W2 are in contact with each other. More preferably, the stirring pin H2 is preferably inserted so as to enter the plasticizing region W1.

  As in the third embodiment described above, a mounting portion having a step may be provided using the interposed plate 10. In the present embodiment, when the first main joining step is performed, one metal member 1X is inclined in advance and the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding is used to join after the first main joining step. The metal members 1X and 1Y can be flattened.

  Further, in the second main joining step, the interposed plate 10 is removed and a flat base P having a flat surface P1a and no step is used. Since the joined metal members 1X and 1Y are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by the flat base P.

  In the second main joining process, the amount of heat input can be reduced by performing friction stir welding using the small rotary tool H. In the present embodiment, the friction stir is performed while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y in the second main joining step. As a result, the amount of heat remaining in the metal members 1X and 1Y after the second main joining process is further reduced, so that thermal contraction of the metal members 1X and 1Y can be suppressed.

  Further, by arranging or removing the interposition plate 10 on the surface P1a of the flat base P, the first main joining process and the second main joining process can be performed with one flat base P.

  In the present embodiment, in the first main joining step, the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the rotary tool G are set so that the interposed plate 10 side becomes the shear side. Thereby, in the first main joining step, the amount of heat input is greater on the shear side (the other metal member 1Y side) than on the flow side (the one metal member 1X side). However, since heat is extracted to the substrate P1 side via the interposed plate 10 (see arrow Q in FIG. 6A), the amount of heat remaining in the metal member 1Y is reduced. Thereby, the thermal contraction of the metal member 1Y can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, since one metal member 1X side is only in line contact with the surface P1a and the surface 10a, the other end side and one end side of the metal member 1X have low heat removal efficiency. However, since the metal member 1Y side is the flow side (the side where the rotation tool rotates in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the rotation tool, the relative speed of the rotation tool with respect to the joined portion is reduced), the shear side Less heat input. Thereby, the amount of heat remaining in the metal member 1X can be reduced.

  In the third embodiment, instead of the small rotary tool H, the second main joining process may be performed using the main welding rotary tool F. Further, in the second main joining process, the cooling work of the metal members 1X and 1Y may be omitted.

[Modification]
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the third embodiment of the present invention, where (a) shows a first main joining step and (b) shows a second main joining step. This modification is different from the third embodiment in that an intervening plate different from the first main joining step is used in the second main joining step. This modification will be described with a focus on the differences from the third embodiment.

  In the joining method according to the modified example, a preparation process, a first main joining process, a burr cutting process, and a second main joining process are performed. In the preparation step, one metal member 1 </ b> X is inclined using the interposed plate (first interposed plate) 10 in the same manner as in the third embodiment. Further, the metal member 1 </ b> Y is disposed on the surface 10 a of the interposed plate 10. The first main joining process and the burr cutting process are equivalent to the third embodiment.

  In the second main joining step, as shown in FIG. 7B, a small rotating tool H is used while the interposing plate (second intervening plate) 11 is disposed and the metal members 1X and 1Y are cooled. The friction stir welding is performed from the back surfaces 1c and 1c side of the metal members 1X and 1Y. In the second main joining step, first, the interposition plate 10 is removed from the substrate P1, and the interposition plate 11 is disposed on the substrate P1. The interposed plate 11 is a plate-like member and is formed of the same material as the interposed plate 10. The interposed plate 11 is formed with a width equivalent to that of the metal members 1X and 1Y. The back surface 11b of the interposed plate 11 is in surface contact with the front surface P1a of the substrate P1.

  The metal members 1X and 1Y are turned over, and the metal members 1X and 1Y are restrained so as not to move by the clamp P2. The entire surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y are in surface contact with the surface 11a of the interposed plate 11.

  In the second main joining step, a small rotating tool H rotated with respect to the abutting portion J is inserted from the back surface 1c, 1c side of the metal members 1X, 1Y. In the second main joining process, the cooling medium is allowed to flow through the cooling flow path P3 to cool the metal members 1X and 1Y, and the lower end surface of the shoulder portion H1 is pushed in about several millimeters from the back surfaces 1c and 1c to perform friction stirring. . A plasticized region W2 is formed on the movement locus of the small rotary tool H. The insertion depth of the stirring pin H2 may be set as appropriate, but it is preferably inserted to such an extent that the plasticized region W1 and the plasticized region W2 are in contact with each other. More preferably, the stirring pin H2 is preferably inserted so as to enter the plasticizing region W1.

  As in the modification of the third embodiment described above, a mounting portion having a step may be provided using the interposed plate 10. In this modification, when the first main joining step is performed, one metal member 1X is inclined in advance and the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding is used to join after the first main joining step. The metal members 1X and 1Y can be flattened.

  In the second main joining step, the interposed plate 11 having a flat surface 11a is used. Since the joined metal members 1X and 1Y are flat after the first main joining step, the second main joining step can be stably performed by the interposed plate 11.

  In the second main joining process, the amount of heat input can be reduced by performing friction stir welding using the small rotary tool H. Further, the back surface 11b of the interposed plate 11 is in surface contact with the surface P1a of the substrate P1, and the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y are in surface contact with the surface 11a of the interposed plate 11. As a result, heat is removed from the entire surface of the metal members 1X and 1Y to the substrate P1 side via the interposed plate 11 (see the arrow R in FIG. 7B), so the amount of heat remaining on the metal members 1X and 1Y is Get smaller. Furthermore, in this modification, friction stirring is performed while cooling the metal members 1X and 1Y in the second main joining step. Thereby, since the amount of heat remaining in the metal members 1X and 1Y is further reduced, the metal members 1X and 1Y can be flattened.

  Further, the size of the interposed plate 11 is not particularly limited, but the heat removal efficiency can be improved by bringing the entire surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1X and 1Y into surface contact with the interposed plate 11. Further, in the second main joining process, the cooling work of the metal members 1X and 1Y may be omitted.

  In addition, in the modification of 3rd embodiment, it may replace with the small rotation tool H, and may perform the 2nd main joining process using the rotation tool F for main joining. In this case, since only the stirring pin F2 is in contact with the metal members 1X and 1Y, the amount of heat input can be reduced. Thereby, deformation of the metal members 1X and 1Y can be suppressed. Also in this case, the cooling operation of the metal members 1X and 1Y may be omitted in the second main joining step.

  Further, in this modification, the intervening plate (first intervening plate) 10 and the intervening plate (second intervening plate) 11 are used separately, but the intervening plate 10 is used in the second main joining step. May be used. In the second main joining step, two interposition plates 10 may be provided side by side.

  Although the embodiments and modifications of the present invention have been described above, design changes can be made as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment and modification, the second main bonding step is performed, but the second main bonding step may be omitted. In the above-described embodiments and modifications, the other end sides of the metal members 1X and 1Y are fixed by clamps. However, the first main joining step and the other end sides of the metal members 1X and 1Y are not fixed to the gantry. You may perform a 2nd main joining process.

  In the present embodiment and the modification, in the first main joining step, the other metal member 1Y side (the metal member side that is in surface contact with the mount or the interposition plate) is the shear side so that the rotating tool is positioned on the shearing side. Although the direction of rotation and the method of progress were set, how to set the shear side and flow side of the rotary tool depends on the material of the metal members 1X and 1Y, the dimensions of each part, the heat input in the main joining process, and after joining What is necessary is just to set suitably in consideration of heat shrink etc.

1X metal member 1Y metal member 1a end face 1b surface 1c back surface 10 interposition plate 11 interposition plate G rotating tool G1 shoulder part G2 stirring pin J abutting part K movable base K1 split base K2 split base K1c Cooling channel K2c K1d surface K2d surface G Rotating tool G1 Shoulder part G2 Stirring pin H Small rotating tool F Rotating tool for main joining F1 Connecting part F2 Stirring pin

Claims (17)

A preparatory step of abutting end surfaces on one end side of the metal member to form a butted portion;
A first main joining step of performing frictional stirring on the butt portion from the surface side of the metal member,
In the first main joining step, a step is provided in the placement portion on which the metal member is placed, and the one end side is inclined with respect to the other end side of the one metal member using the step. The joining method is characterized in that friction stirring is performed in a state in which the other metal member is placed substantially horizontally on the placement portion. The mounting unit is formed by arranging a pair of divided mounts side by side, and at least one of the divided mounts is formed to be movable up and down,
2. The joining according to claim 1, wherein in the first main joining step, friction agitation is performed in a state where the surface of the other divided frame is positioned above the surface of the one divided frame. Method.   In the preparing step, the surfaces of the respective divided mounts are set to be flush with each other, and the pair of metal members are butted together so that the abutting portion is positioned on the other divided mount, and then the other divided stand is placed. The joining method according to claim 2, wherein one of the metal members is inclined by raising the one with respect to one of the divided mounts. After removing the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step, the metal member is turned over,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
In the second main joining step, the surfaces of the respective divided mounts are flush with each other, and a cooling medium is caused to flow through cooling channels formed inside the pair of divided mounts to cool the metal member and cause friction. The joining method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein stirring is performed. After removing the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step, the metal member is turned over,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
In the second main joining step, the surface of each divided gantry is flush with the friction stir using a small rotary tool smaller than the rotary tool used in the first main joining step, 4. The joining method according to claim 2, wherein friction stirring is performed in a state where only the stirring pin is in contact with the metal member.   The joining according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the second main joining step, friction stir is performed while a stirring pin is inserted into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step. Method. Remove the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step and turn the metal member upside down,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
2. The second main joining step uses a flat base without a step, and performs friction stir while cooling the metal member by flowing a cooling medium through a cooling channel of the flat base. The joining method described in 1. After removing the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step, the metal member is turned over,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
In the second main joining step, a flat base without a step is used, and friction stirring is performed using a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool used in the first main joining step, or a stirring pin is used. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein friction stirring is performed in a state where only the metal member is in contact with the metal member.   The joining according to claim 7 or 8, wherein in the second main joining step, friction stir is performed while a stirring pin is inserted into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step. Method. The mounting portion is formed of a flat base without a step and a metal interposed plate disposed on the surface of the flat base,
In the first main joining step, the back surface of the other metal member is brought into surface contact with the surface of the interposed plate, and one metal member is inclined using a step formed by the interposed plate. The joining method according to claim 1, wherein friction stir is performed in a wet state. Remove the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step and turn the metal member upside down,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
The friction stir is performed while cooling the metal member by removing the interposed plate and flowing a cooling medium through a cooling flow path of the flat frame in the second main joining step. Joining method. After removing the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step, the metal member is turned over,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
In the second main joining step, the interposed plate is removed, and friction stirring is performed using a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool used in the first main joining step, or only the stirring pin is used. The joining method according to claim 10, wherein friction stirring is performed in a state where the metal member is in contact with the metal member.   The joining according to claim 11 or 12, wherein in the second main joining step, friction stir is performed while a stirring pin is inserted into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step. Method. Remove the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step and turn the metal member upside down,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
In the second main joining step, the surface of the metal member is brought into surface contact with the surface of a metal interposed plate, and a cooling medium is passed through the cooling channel of the flat frame to cool the metal member while friction is applied. The joining method according to claim 10, wherein stirring is performed. After removing the burrs generated by friction stir after performing the first main joining step, the metal member is turned over,
Including a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
In the second main joining step, the surface of the metal member is brought into surface contact with the surface of the metal intervention plate, and a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool used in the first main joining step is used. The joining method according to claim 10, wherein the friction stir is performed or the friction stir is performed in a state where only the stirring pin is in contact with the metal member.   The joining according to claim 14 or 15, wherein, in the second main joining step, friction stir is performed while a stirring pin is inserted into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step. Method.   The rotation direction and the advancing direction of the rotary tool are set so that the shear side of the rotary tool for friction stirring becomes the other metal member side in the first main joining step. The joining method according to any one of the above.

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