JP6183247B2 - Joining method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining metal members by friction stirring.

  Friction stir welding (FSW = Friction Stir Welding) is known as a method for joining metal members. Friction stir welding is a method in which the metal members are fixed together by rotating the rotary tool along the abutting portion between the metal members and plastically flowing the metal at the abutting portion by frictional heat between the rotating tool and the metal member. Phase joining is performed.

  Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a rotating tool is inserted into a butt portion formed by abutting end portions of metal members, and the butt portion is friction stir welded from the front side and the back side of the metal members. ing. When friction stir welding is performed, a plasticized region is formed in the movement trajectory of the rotary tool. However, since the plasticized region is thermally contracted, the metal members after bonding are deformed so as to be concave.

  On the other hand, after joining by welding from the surface side of a metal member, it is also considered to join metal members by friction stirring from the back side.

JP 2008-290092 A

  However, since heat acts on the metal member also by welding, the joined metal members are deformed into a concave shape in the same manner as the friction stir.

  From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a joining method capable of easily flattening the joined metal members in a joining method of metal members by friction stirring.

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention provides a preparatory step in which end surfaces on one end side of a pair of metal members are butted together to form a butted portion, and welding is performed from the surface side of the metal member to the butted portion One main joining step and a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back side of the metal member to the butt portion . In the first main joining step, overlay welding is performed and weld metal is used. Projecting from the surface of the metal member, the metal members are turned over after the first main joining step, and one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal member in the second main joining step. Thus, friction welding is performed in a state in which the weld metal is brought into contact with a gantry and the metal members are inclined.

According to this joining method, during the first main joining process, the metal member undergoes thermal shrinkage and warps so as to be concave on the surface side. In the second main joining step, the metal member can be easily inclined using the warpage. In addition, when performing the second main joining step, the welded metal is used to incline the metal members in advance, and the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding is used to flatten the joined metal members. Can be.

Moreover, it is preferable to adjust the build-up height of the said weld metal by cutting the said weld metal after said 1st main joining process. According to this joining method, the inclination angle of the metal member can be adjusted.

Further, the present invention is a preparatory step of butting the end faces of one end side of a pair of metal members to form a butted portion, a first main joining step of welding from the surface side of the metal member to the butted portion, A second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the first main joining step, build-up welding is performed and weld metal is transferred from the surface of the metal member. And the both metal members are turned over after the first main joining step, and in the second main joining step, the gantry and the weld metal are arranged such that one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal member. A spacer is arranged between the two and the friction stir is performed in a state in which the metal members are inclined.
According to this joining method, during the first main joining process, the metal member undergoes thermal shrinkage and warps so as to be concave on the surface side. In the second main joining step, the metal member can be easily inclined using the warpage. In addition, when performing the second main joining step, the welded metal is used to incline the metal members in advance, and the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding is used to flatten the joined metal members. Can be. In addition, the inclination angle of the metal member can be adjusted.

  Further, in the first main joining step, it is preferable that a groove is formed along the butt portion on the surface of the metal member, and welding is performed on the groove.

  According to this joining method, welding can be performed easily.

  Further, in the second main joining step, it is preferable to perform friction stirring while bringing the plasticized region into contact with the weld metal formed in the first main joining step.

  According to this joining method, since the whole depth direction of the butt portion can be joined, the joining strength can be improved and the water tightness and air tightness of the joined portion can be improved.

  According to the joining method according to the present invention, the joined metal members can be easily flattened.

It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows a 1st main joining process, (b) shows after a 1st main joining process, (c) is A 2nd preparatory process is shown. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows a 2nd main joining process, (b) shows after a 2nd main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows a ditch | groove formation process, (b) shows a filling process, (c) is after the 1st main joining process. Indicates. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 2nd embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows a 2nd preparatory process, (b) shows a 2nd main joining process.

[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown to (a) of FIG. 1, in 1st embodiment, the butt | matching part J formed by butting | matching the edge parts of the metal members 1 and 1 is joined by welding and friction stirring. In the joining method according to the first embodiment, a first preparation step, a first main joining step, a second preparation step, and a second main joining step are performed.

  The first preparation step is a step of preparing the first main joining step. In the first preparation step, the metal members 1 and 1 are placed on the gantry K, and the end faces 1a and 1a of the metal members 1 and 1 are butted together to form the butted portion J. The back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 are in surface contact with the surface of the gantry K. And the metal members 1 and 1 are restrained immovably by the plurality of clamps K2.

  The metal member 1 is a metal plate member. The metal members 1 and 1 have the same shape. Moreover, the metal members 1 and 1 are formed with the same material. The material of the metal member 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that can be frictionally stirred. For example, it may be appropriately selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, and the like.

  The first main joining step is a step of welding the butt portion J. The type of welding performed in the first main joining process is not particularly limited, but as shown in FIG. 1A, overlay welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding is performed in this embodiment. A weld metal U is formed at the butt J by overlay welding. In this embodiment, welding is performed to such an extent that the weld metal U protrudes from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1.

  When the first main joining step is completed, the clamp K2 is released and the metal members 1 and 1 are left as shown in FIG. Warpage occurs so that the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1 become concave due to thermal contraction of the weld metal U.

  The second preparation step is a step for preparing the second main joining step. As shown in FIG. 1C, in the second preparation step, first, the metal members 1 and 1 are restrained so as not to move to the gantry K by the clamp K2 while the metal members 1 and 1 are turned over. Since the weld metal U protruding from the surfaces 1b and 1b is formed on the surface 1b and 1b side of the metal members 1 and 1, the weld metal U contacts the surface of the gantry K. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 incline so that one end side (end surface 1a, 1a side) becomes high with respect to the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed to the gantry K with the butt portion J being the highest.

  When the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed to the gantry K, the lower ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are in contact with each other, but the upper ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are slightly separated from each other. The “butting portion” according to the present embodiment includes a state in which the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a are butted and the space section formed between the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a has a V shape.

  The inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 is not particularly limited. However, in consideration of the material of the metal members 1 and 1, the dimensions of each part, the heat input amount in the main joining process described later, the heat shrinkage after joining, and the like, What is necessary is just to set suitably the inclination angle which the metal members 1 and 1 become flat by the heat shrink after this joining process.

  When changing the inclination angle of the metal members 1, 1, for example, by cutting a part of the protruding portion protruding from the surfaces 1 b, 1 b of the weld metal U to reduce the build-up height, the metal member 1 , 1 can be made smaller. On the other hand, for example, by arranging a spacer between the gantry K and the weld metal U (metal members 1, 1), the inclination angle of the metal members 1, 1 can be increased. The spacer is, for example, a plate-like member, and is preferably arranged along the extending direction of the weld metal U.

  The second main joining step is a step of performing frictional stirring from the back surfaces 1c and 1c side of the metal members 1 and 1. As shown in FIG. 1C, the second main joining step uses a rotating tool G in the present embodiment. The rotary tool G includes a shoulder portion G1 that has a cylindrical shape, and a stirring pin G2 that protrudes from the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1. The stirring pin G2 has a frustum shape.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 2, in the 2nd main joining process, the stirring pin G2 of the rotating tool G rotated with respect to the butt | matching part J from the back surfaces 1c and 1c side of the metal members 1 and 1 is inserted. Then, the rotary tool G is relatively moved along the abutting portion J.

  In this embodiment, the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1 is pushed about several millimeters from the back surfaces 1c and 1c to perform frictional stirring. The metal on the end faces 1a, 1a is frictionally stirred by the rotating rotary tool G and the metal members 1, 1 are joined. A plasticized region W1 is formed in the movement locus of the rotary tool G. The insertion depth of the agitation pin G2 with respect to the metal members 1 and 1 may be set as appropriate, but it is preferable to insert the tip of the agitation pin G2 to a position that is 1/2 or more in the depth direction of the butting portion J. In this embodiment, the plasticized region W1 and the weld metal U are spaced apart from each other, but the insertion depth of the stirring pin G2 may be set so that the plasticized region W1 contacts the weld metal U. .

  As shown in FIG. 2B, when the second main joining process is completed, the clamp K2 is released and the metal members 1 and 1 are left. If the metal members 1 and 1 are left as they are, heat shrinkage occurs in the plasticized region W1, and thus warpage occurs such that the back surfaces 1c and 1c are concave. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 become flat. The metal members 1 and 1 are joined by the above. Finally, a burr cutting process is performed to cut off the burrs V generated by frictional stirring and the protruding portions protruding from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the weld metal U to flatten the front surface 1b and the back surface 1c of the metal members 1 and 1.

  According to the joining method joined as described above, in the first main joining process, the metal members 1 and 1 are thermally contracted and warped so as to be concave on the surfaces 1b and 1b. In the second main joining step, the metal members 1 and 1 can be easily inclined using the warpage. Moreover, when performing the 2nd main joining process, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined beforehand, and the joined metal members 1 and 1 are made flat by utilizing the thermal contraction after friction stir welding. can do.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, by performing build-up welding in the first main joining step and causing the weld metal U to protrude from the surfaces 1b and 1b, the metal member 1, using the weld metal U in the preparation step, is used. 1 can be tilted.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the joining method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The joining method according to the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a concave groove 20 is provided as shown in FIG. In the second embodiment, the description will focus on the parts that are different from the first embodiment. In the joining method according to the second embodiment, a first preparation step, a first main joining step, a second preparation step, and a second main joining step are performed.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 3, a 1st preparation process is a process which prepares a 1st main joining process. In the first preparation step, the metal members 1 and 1 are placed on the gantry K, and the end faces 1a and 1a of the metal members 1 and 1 are butted together to form the butted portion J. The back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 are in surface contact with the surface of the gantry K. And the metal members 1 and 1 are restrained immovably by the plurality of clamps K2.

  The first main joining step is a step of welding the butt portion J. In the first main joining step, a concave groove forming step and a filling step are performed. The concave groove forming step is a step of forming the concave groove 20 along the butted portion J of the metal members 1 and 1. The cross-sectional shape of the concave groove 20 is not particularly limited, but is a rectangular cross section in the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, in the filling step, overlay welding is performed to fill the groove 20 with the weld metal U. In the filling process according to the present embodiment, overlay welding such as TIG welding or MIG welding is performed to fill the groove 20 with the weld metal U, and the weld metal U protrudes from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1. Weld as much as you want.

  When the first main joining process is completed, the clamp K2 is released and the metal members 1 and 1 are left as shown in FIG. When the metal members 1 and 1 are left as they are, warping occurs so that the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1 become concave due to thermal contraction of the weld metal U.

  The second preparation step is a step for preparing the second main joining step. As shown in FIG. 4A, in the preparation process according to the present embodiment, first, the spacer 10 is arranged in the center of the gantry K. The spacer 10 is a plate-like member and is disposed along the longitudinal direction of the abutting portion J.

  Then, the metal members 1 and 1 are immovably restrained to the gantry K by the clamp K2 so that the weld metal U abuts on the spacer 10 while turning over the metal members 1 and 1. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 incline so that one end side (end surface 1a, 1a side) becomes high with respect to the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed to the gantry K with the butt portion J being the highest.

  When the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed to the gantry K, the lower ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are in contact with each other, but the upper ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are slightly separated from each other. The “butting portion” according to the present embodiment includes a state in which the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a are butted and the space section formed between the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a has a V shape.

  The inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 is not particularly limited. However, in consideration of the material of the metal members 1 and 1, the dimensions of each part, the heat input amount in the main joining process described later, the heat shrinkage after joining, and the like, What is necessary is just to set suitably the inclination angle which the metal members 1 and 1 become flat by the heat shrink after this joining process.

  When changing the inclination angle of the metal members 1, 1, for example, the inclination angle of the metal members 1, 1 is reduced by cutting a part of the protruding portion of the weld metal U to reduce the build-up height. be able to. On the other hand, for example, the inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 can be changed by changing the height of the spacer 10. Further, the inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 may be adjusted by omitting the spacer 10.

  As shown in FIG. 4B, the second main joining step is a step of performing frictional stirring along the abutting portion J from the back surface 1c, 1c side of the metal member 1,1. The insertion depth of the rotary tool G may be set as appropriate, but is set to such an extent that the plasticized region W1 contacts the weld metal U in the present embodiment. When the second main joining process is completed, the clamp K2 is released and the metal members 1 and 1 are left. Further, the spacer 10 is removed from the gantry K. The metal members 1 and 1 are joined by the above. Finally, a burr cutting process is performed to cut off burrs generated by friction stirring and protrusions protruding from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the weld metal U, so that the front surface 1b and the back surface 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 are flattened.

  According to the joining method described above, in the first main joining process, the metal members 1 and 1 are thermally contracted and warped so as to be concave on the surfaces 1b and 1b. In the second main joining step, the metal members 1 and 1 can be easily inclined using the warpage. Moreover, when performing the 2nd main joining process, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined beforehand, and the joined metal members 1 and 1 are made flat by utilizing the thermal contraction after friction stir welding. can do.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, by performing build-up welding in the first main joining step and causing the weld metal U to protrude from the surfaces 1b and 1b, the metal member 1, using the weld metal U in the preparation step, is used. 1 can be tilted. Moreover, since the spacer 10 is interposed in this embodiment, the inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 can be further increased.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the ditch | groove 20 is formed in the 1st main joining process and the said ditch | groove 20 is filled with the weld metal U, overlay welding can be performed easily. Moreover, the whole depth direction of the butt | matching part J is joined by making the plasticization area | region W1 formed by the friction stirring in a 2nd main joining process contact the weld metal U. FIG. As a result, the bonding strength is improved, and the watertightness and airtightness of the bonded portion can be increased.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, design changes can be made as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the present embodiment, overlay welding is performed in the first main joining step, but other welding may be performed. Further, welding may be performed to such an extent that the weld metal U does not protrude from the surfaces 1b, 1b of the metal members 1, 1.

  Further, for example, in the second preparation step, the metal members 1 and 1 may be inclined using a gantry having a convex portion or an inclined portion formed in the center. Moreover, you may perform each preparatory process and each main joining process, without fixing the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 to a mount frame.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal member 1a End surface 1b Surface 1c Back surface 10 Spacer 20 Groove G Rotating tool G1 Shoulder part G2 Stirring pin J Butt part K Base U Weld metal

Claims (5)

A preparatory step of abutting end surfaces on one end side of a pair of metal members to form a butted portion;
A first main joining step of welding the butt portion from the surface side of the metal member;
A second main joining step of performing frictional stirring on the butt portion from the back surface side of the metal member,
In the first main joining step, overlay welding is performed and the weld metal is protruded from the surface of the metal member,
After completion of the first main joining step, the two metal members are turned over,
In the second main joining step, friction stir is performed in a state in which each of the metal members is inclined by bringing the weld metal into contact with a gantry so that one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal member. The joining method characterized by this. The bonding method according to claim 1, characterized in that to adjust the cladding height of the weld metal by cutting the weld metal after the first of the welding process. A preparatory step of abutting end surfaces on one end side of a pair of metal members to form a butted portion;
A first main joining step of welding the butt portion from the surface side of the metal member;
A second main joining step of performing frictional stirring on the butt portion from the back surface side of the metal member,
In the first main joining step, overlay welding is performed and the weld metal is protruded from the surface of the metal member,
After completion of the first main joining step, the two metal members are turned over,
In the second main joining step, a friction is placed in a state in which each metal member is inclined by placing a spacer between the mount and the weld metal so that one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal member. A joining method characterized by performing stirring. Wherein in the first of the welding process, the forming a groove along the abutting portion on the surface of the metal member, any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that welding is performed in the groove The joining method according to item. And in the second of the bonding process, the first weld metal formed by the welding process, any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that performing the friction stir while contacting the plasticized region The joining method according to one item.

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