JP6197837B2 - Coke oven length measurement method and coke oven furnace deterioration evaluation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a measuring method for measuring a furnace length of a coke oven and a method for evaluating a deterioration state of a coke oven furnace body based on a measurement result.

  In the steel industry, coke ovens are used to produce coke from coal. In recent years, coke ovens have become more and more old in the past 40 years.

  The coke oven has a structure in which bricks are bonded and stacked in a thin mortar layer and tightened from the front, rear, left and right to maintain the shape (furnace tightening). There is a heat storage chamber on the foundation, and a height of about 7 m above it. A carbonization chamber for carbonizing coal with a width of about 400 mm and a depth of about 16 m, and a combustion chamber for burning a fuel gas with a height of about 7 m, a width of about 900 mm, and a depth of about 16 m are alternately arranged, and a brick ceiling is arranged at the top. A furnace group is formed.

  The coke oven keeps the carbonization chamber at 1000 ° C or higher through the brick wall by the heat generated by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber, charges coal from the charging hole at the top of the carbonization chamber, and dry-coalizes the coal to produce coke. To manufacture. The finished coke is inserted with an extrusion ram from one of the kilns having a height of about 7 m and a width of about 400 mm at both ends of the coking chamber, and the coke in the coking chamber is discharged from the other kiln.

  After the construction is completed, the coke oven burns fuel in the combustion chamber, gradually raises the temperature in the carbonization chamber to 1000 ° C. or higher, and then keeps the temperature until the furnace is stopped.

  The brick wall between the combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber is called the furnace wall, shields the combustion gas from flowing into the carbonization chamber, plays an important role in transferring the combustion heat to the carbonization chamber and supporting the ceiling. Yes.

  A ceiling load and a furnace tightening force always act on the furnace wall, and an extrusion ram load and an extrusion frictional force are temporarily applied during extrusion.

The ceiling load and furnace tightening force have the role of stabilizing the furnace wall structure. On the other hand, as aging of coke ovens progresses, there are gaps in the joints between bricks on the furnace wall, defects where one or more bricks come off, aggression where bricks wear and thin on a wide surface, and wide The brick collapses on the surface, and the overhang that comes out to the carbonization chamber side occurs. When ceiling load, furnace tightening force, and pushing force act on the furnace wall in such a state, further progress of damage, and in some cases collapse of the furnace wall or the like occurs. In addition, if the wall surface becomes uneven due to such brick breakage, aggression, or overhang, the spacing between the left and right furnace walls (kiln width) in the carbonization chamber will change from the design dimensions, and the coke extrudability. Gets worse.
The background of such a situation includes phenomena such as an increase in size due to expansion of bricks, generation of joint gaps due to contraction of bricks, and increase in gaps due to carbon intrusion into joint gaps. These phenomena cause a dimensional change in which the furnace body extends in the depth direction (furnace length direction).

  When these phenomena occur, problems such as gas leakage in the combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber due to deterioration of the gas sealing property of the brick wall, and deformation of the furnace wall due to deterioration of brick tightening are likely to occur.

  For this reason, the elongation (dimension change) of the furnace body is measured, and the deterioration state of the coke oven is estimated from the change over time of the furnace length.

  For this reason, a furnace body dimension measuring method has been conventionally proposed.

  Measuring the distance between the piano wire and a specific location of each carbonization chamber by measuring the distance between the piano wires from both ends of the furnace group. There is a way to do it. This method has a problem in safety because the measurement accuracy cannot be ensured and work on the upper part of the high temperature coke oven occurs.

  Another method is to measure individual carbonization chambers using civil engineering surveying techniques such as transit. FIG. 1 shows the measurement method. A line connecting A to F in the figure indicates a path to be measured. As shown in FIG. 1, the distance from an end point A of a coking chamber is measured from B by surveying, and the distance from B to C, C to D, D to E, E to the end point F on the opposite side of the coking chamber is measured. The distance between AFs was calculated. When measuring the end points of a large number of carbonization chambers, it is necessary to repeat the measurement by the same method except for the interval between CDs. Another problem is that errors are likely to occur due to the combination of multiple measurements.

  More recently, Patent Document 1 discloses a measurement method in which the length of the furnace body is measured along with the position of the mobile device by measuring while moving the mobile device using a laser length measuring device provided in the mobile device (for example, an extruder). Proposed. In Patent Document 1, the measurement is performed by a laser length measuring device provided in the mobile device. Variations in the position of the mobile device can be corrected by measuring the distance from the reference point, but a measurement error due to a change in the posture of the mobile device (orientation of the mobile device) occurs, and the device becomes large Is a problem.

  Patent Document 2 is a method of measuring the distance of the furnace body from the back stay with a laser scanner, and can indirectly estimate the change in the furnace length from the deformation of the back stay. However, there is a problem that accuracy cannot be secured because the furnace length is not directly measured. Moreover, since the position of the backstay used as a reference changes, comparison with the previous measurement result cannot be performed. Furthermore, the backstay is basically in contact with the furnace body, but there is a problem that a gap is generated between the backstay and the furnace body due to secular change, and an error is added.

Japanese Patent No. 2523202 JP 2003-90708 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and the furnace length in an aged coke oven can be measured directly and easily from the outside of the coking chamber through the inside of the coking chamber with high accuracy. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the length of a coke oven. Furthermore, it aims at providing the furnace body deterioration evaluation method of a coke oven which evaluates the deterioration condition of a coke oven furnace body using a furnace length measurement result.

  In recent years, in the field of surveying, distance measurement using a laser surveying instrument instead of a conventional lightwave surveying instrument has become the mainstream. This is because the conventional light wave type surveying instrument is easily influenced by weather conditions such as temperature and humidity and other measurement environments, and further, the measurement error increases as the measurement distance becomes longer. On the other hand, the laser surveying instrument is not easily affected by the measurement environment, and is capable of measuring in millimeters even at a measurement distance of several hundred meters. Furthermore, a laser three-dimensional measuring device called a three-dimensional laser scanner is also used in civil engineering surveys.

  This laser three-dimensional measuring device is a rangefinder that measures the time until the reflected light returns by launching the laser onto the object to be measured, and irradiates the laser radially in the vertical plane. Rotate horizontally in the range of 0 ° to 180 ° as the vertical axis, measure the polar coordinate system by three of the horizontal rotation angle, laser launch elevation angle and laser measurement distance, and convert this to the XYZ orthogonal coordinate system Measure the distance to the laser hit position.

  At that time, the horizontal rotation angle and the launch elevation angle are divided finely to measure (scan) a large number of positions to obtain a large amount of data (hereinafter referred to as point cloud data), and this is displayed to measure the three-dimensional shape. Can be used as a laser three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.

  An error may occur due to some cause in the measurement for each point. The measurement through the carbonization chamber increases the probability of error occurrence due to the temperature inside the carbonization chamber, which is normally maintained at 1000 ° C or higher. However, even if this point is taken into account, it is effective to measure the distance with a laser surveying instrument. Furthermore, using a laser three-dimensional measuring instrument, the distance is measured at many points. By expressing the shape with point cloud data, recognizing the shape and calculating the position of the measurement object, it is possible to further reduce the influence of individual measurement errors on the measurement result.

  Therefore, in the present invention, a laser surveying instrument with a proven track record of accurate distance measurement in the field of surveying is used, and further, the use of a laser three-dimensional measuring instrument is taken into account, and the furnace length is directly measured. .

Based on the above findings, the present invention has the following features.
[1] A method for measuring the length of the coking chamber of the coke oven, wherein a laser type surveying device is arranged at a position away from the kiln opening on one kiln opening side of the coking chamber with both furnace lids open. A reference object having a predetermined shape on the other side of the kiln is disposed at a position at a predetermined distance from the other kiln, and the reference object is irradiated with a laser through a carbonization chamber by a laser surveying instrument. And then measuring the distance to the laser surveying instrument and one kiln, and calculating the furnace length from the distance to one kiln and the distance to the reference object Coke oven furnace length measurement method.
[2] The laser type surveying device is a laser three-dimensional measuring device, the reference object is a sphere or a checkerboard, the distance to the sphere is measured as point cloud data, and the distance to the center of the sphere is calculated. The coke oven furnace length measuring method described in [1], which is characterized.
[3] The coke oven furnace length measuring method according to [1] or [2], wherein the furnace lid is used as a reference object without opening the other furnace lid.
[4] The coke oven furnace length measurement method according to any one of [1] to [3] is used to periodically measure the furnace length and calculate the change over time in the coke oven. A method for evaluating deterioration of a coke oven furnace body, characterized by evaluating a progress degree of deterioration of the furnace body.

According to the present invention, by directly measuring the furnace length of the coking oven of the coke oven in operation with a laser, the furnace length can be easily measured with higher accuracy than the conventional indirect furnace length measurement method, Measurement time can be shortened.
Furthermore, by continuing regular measurement and accumulating the results, it is possible to accurately grasp the change in the furnace length with time, and to quantitatively evaluate the degree of deterioration of the coke oven.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a furnace length measuring method by a civil engineering survey technique that has been conventionally performed. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a furnace length measurement method using the laser surveying instrument of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a furnace length measuring method by the laser three-dimensional measuring apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[Embodiment 1]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In Embodiment 1, the furnace length is measured using a laser surveying instrument.

  The furnace length is measured by measuring the length of the carbonization chamber 1. There are kilns at both ends of the carbonization chamber 1. There is a furnace frame 3a, 3b made of a metal frame around the kiln opening on one machine side (MS), and a furnace frame made of a metal frame similarly around the kiln opening on the other coke side (CS). There are 4a and 4b. Normally, the kilns at both ends are closed with a furnace lid. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the furnace lid is opened.

  In order to measure the furnace length, the furnace lids at both ends of the carbonization chamber 1 are opened. A reference object 6 is placed at a predetermined distance G from a line (a dotted line in FIG. 1) connecting furnace frames 4a and 4b around the coke side (CS) kiln in the carbonization chamber. On the other hand, the laser surveying instrument 5 is installed on the machine side (MS). At this time, it is desirable to make the installation height of the reference object 6 and the laser surveying instrument 5 uniform.

  The laser surveying instrument 5 measures the distance d2a to the furnace frame 3a on the machine side (MS) and the distance d2b to the furnace frame 3b. Further, the laser surveying instrument 5 measures the distance d1 to the reference object 6 through the carbonization chamber.

  When measuring the distances d2a, d2b, and d1 in the laser surveying instrument 5, it is necessary to also measure the horizontal rotation angle θx in the horizontal (XY axis) direction and the launch elevation angle θz in the vertical (Z axis) direction of the laser. There is.

  These angle data are used when calculating distances d1 and d2 described later.

  The distance d2 from the measurement data of the distances d2a and d2b to the furnace frames 3a and 3b on the machine side (MS) to the line (dotted line in FIG. 1) connecting the furnace frames 3a and 3b at the furnace side of the machine side (MS). calculate. Hereinafter, the distance d2 is referred to as a distance to the machine side (MS) kiln.

  A distance d2 to the machine side (MS) kiln is calculated according to the following procedure.

  The measured distance (actually measured value) d2a to the furnace frame 3a is corrected by the vertical elevation angle θz to calculate the horizontal distance d2a 'to the furnace frame 3a. Specifically, according to the following formula.

d2a ′ = d2a × cos θz
Next, the distance d2 to the machine side (MS) kiln is calculated from the horizontal rotation angle θx in the horizontal direction. Specifically, according to the following formula.

d2 = d2a ′ × cos θx
The same procedure can be used to calculate the distance d2 from the measured distance (actually measured value) d2b to the furnace frame 3b to the machine side (MS) kiln. The distance d2 may be calculated from either one of the measurement distance (actual value) d2a to the furnace frame 3a and the measurement distance (actual value) d2b to the furnace frame 3b, or an average of values calculated from both It may be a value.

  Next, the distance d1 to the reference object 6 of coke side (CS) measured through the carbonization chamber is calculated.

  The distance d1 to the reference object 6 is also calculated in the same procedure as in the case of the distance d2 to the machine side (MS) kiln.

  When calculating the distance d1 to the reference object 6, the angle correction in the horizontal direction may be omitted. This is a distance measurement through a coke oven carbonization chamber (width: about 400 mm, depth: about 16 m), because the horizontal angle is almost 1 ° or less in most cases, and fluctuation due to correction becomes very small.

  Using the distance d1 to the reference object 6 obtained by calculation, the distance d2 to the machine side (MS) kiln, and the distance G to the reference object 6 and the coke side (CS) kiln, the carbonization chamber 1 The furnace length D is determined by the following formula. The distance G is known because the reference object 6 is placed at a predetermined distance from the coke side (CS) kiln.

D = (d1−d2) −G
The furnace frames 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b are part of the carbonization chamber 1 and are completely in contact with the furnace wall, and are therefore suitable as reference materials for measuring the furnace length. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the machine side (MS) uses the furnace frames 3a and 3b as reference objects for the furnace side measurement. However, as the machine side (MS) reference object, like the coke side (CS), a reference object is placed at a predetermined distance g from the machine side (MS) kiln, and the distance to the reference object is measured. May be. The calculation formula for obtaining the furnace length D in that case is as follows. In this case, d2 ′ is the distance from the laser surveying instrument 5 to the reference placed on the machine side (MS).

D = (d1−d2′cos θx) −G−g
The installation location of the machine-side (MS) laser surveying instrument 5 is not particularly limited as long as it can see the reference material 6 of the coke-side (CS) through the carbonization chamber 1. It is desirable to install at a predetermined position where the distance from the reference is known.

  Needless to say, the measurement accuracy can be improved by repeating this measurement a plurality of times and obtaining an average value.

  If the measurement of the furnace length D obtained in this way is continued regularly, the temporal change of the furnace length D can be grasped by the following formula, and the progress of deterioration of the furnace body of the coke oven can be evaluated.

δD = D2-D1
Here, D1 represents the furnace length at a certain measurement, D2 represents the furnace length when a certain period has elapsed from the time of D1 measurement, and δD represents the amount of change in the furnace length over a certain period.

The degree of progress of deterioration of the furnace body can be evaluated from the value of δD. It is also possible to derive a prediction formula for the amount of change in the furnace length by regression calculation or the like from the furnace length data obtained by a plurality of measurements, and use it for furnace maintenance.
[Embodiment 2]
Based on FIG. 3, the case where embodiment of this invention is implemented using a laser three-dimensional measuring apparatus is demonstrated.

  The furnace length is measured in the carbonization chamber 1. There are kilns in both of the carbonization chambers 1, furnace frames (metal frames) 3a and 3b called furnace frames are arranged around one kiln, and furnace frames (metal frames) are also arranged around the other kiln. ) 4a and 4b, usually both kilns are closed with a furnace lid. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the furnace lid has already been opened.

  In order to measure the furnace length, the furnace lids on both sides of the carbonization chamber 1 are opened. A spherical reference object 6 having a clear diameter is placed at a predetermined distance G from a line connecting furnace frames 4a and 4b around the furnace port of the coking side (hereinafter referred to as CS) at the other end of the coke side. . A laser three-dimensional measuring device 7 is installed on the machine side (hereinafter referred to as MS) at one end.

  With the laser three-dimensional measuring device 7, the distance to the furnace frames 3a and 3b of the MS and the distance to the reference object 6 through the carbonization chamber are measured as point cloud data.

  A distance d2 from the point cloud data of the furnace frames 3a and 3b of the MS to the plane of the furnace port on the carbonization chamber MS side (hereinafter referred to as the MS plane) is calculated. Next, a distance d1 to the center position of the sphere obtained from the point cloud data of the sphere that is the reference object 6 on the CS side through the carbonization chamber is calculated. Using the distance d1 to the reference object 6 obtained by calculation, the distance d2 to the MS plane, and the predetermined distance G, the furnace length D of the coking chamber can be obtained by the following calculation formula.

D = (d1−d2) −G
The furnace frame is a part of the carbonization chamber and is completely in contact with the furnace wall and is suitable as a reference for measuring the furnace length. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the MS uses the furnace frame as a reference object, but it is also possible to place a reference object such as a sphere with a clear diameter at a predetermined distance g from the MS plane as in the case of CS. The calculation formula for obtaining the furnace length D in that case is as follows. In this case, d2 ′ is the distance from the laser three-dimensional measuring apparatus 7 to the reference object placed on the MS side.

D = (d1−d2′cos θx) −G−g
When a sphere is used as the reference object, the position of the center of the sphere can be specified as a point from point cloud data on the surface of the sphere, and the value of d1 can be obtained as a more accurate numerical value.

  The reference object is most preferably a sphere, but it can define G or g, such as a checkerboard, as long as it can calculate a point serving as a measurement reference from point cloud data of a laser three-dimensional measurement apparatus. Good.

  The MS laser three-dimensional measuring device 7 is installed at a predetermined position where the distance from the MS plane is specified, as long as the CS reference object 6 can be seen through the carbonization chamber. It is desirable to do.

  When the laser three-dimensional measuring device 7 is used, the angle correction required when the laser surveying device 5 is used becomes unnecessary.

  Needless to say, the measurement accuracy can be improved by repeating this measurement a plurality of times and obtaining an average value.

  By continuously measuring the furnace length D obtained in this way, the change with time of the furnace length can be grasped by the following formula, and the degree of progress of deterioration of the furnace body of the coke oven can be evaluated.

δD = D2-D1
Here, D1 represents the furnace length at a certain measurement, D2 represents the furnace length when a certain period has elapsed from the time of D1 measurement, and δD represents the amount of change in the furnace length over a certain period.

The degree of progress of deterioration of the furnace body can be evaluated from the value of δD. It is also possible to derive a prediction formula for the amount of change in the furnace length by regression calculation or the like from the furnace length data obtained by a plurality of measurements, and use it for furnace maintenance.
[Embodiment 3]
It is also possible to measure the furnace length of the carbonization chamber by the same procedure as in the second embodiment without opening the CS furnace lid of the carbonization chamber and using the refractory surface inside the furnace lid as a reference object.

  The furnace lid has an airtight seal structure called a knife edge, and the refractory inside the furnace lid is placed in the carbonization chamber so as to be pressed against the furnace frame to ensure heat insulation and airtightness. If the refractory inside the furnace lid is also used for a long time, the thickness will decrease and the shape will change. However, it may be considered that the refractory inside the furnace lid is regularly replaced and the dimensional accuracy is ensured. With the furnace lid pressed against the furnace frame, the position of the refractory is determined, and the distance between the refractory surface inside the furnace lid and the furnace frame is kept constant. This makes it possible to use the refractory surface inside the furnace lid as a CS reference.

  The method for measuring the furnace length is the same as that of the second embodiment except that the reference object is a refractory inside the furnace lid.

  Compared with the method of the second embodiment in which both the CS and MS furnace lids are opened, the present embodiment does not open the CS furnace lid, so the inflow of external air during measurement is reduced and the furnace temperature is lowered. The disadvantages such as loss of combustion energy and deterioration of bricks due to rapid temperature changes can be minimized.

  As Example 1, the measurement shown in FIG.

  A sphere A with a clear diameter serving as a reference object was set in MS, a similar sphere B was set in CS, and a distance L between AB was set at 20 m. The determination of the distance L between the spheres AB serving as the reference object was performed according to the following procedure. The direction (angle) and distance of the same sphere C and D placed on the intermediate deck and the sphere A of the MS are measured from the laser three-dimensional measuring device 7 installed on the Z of the intermediate deck MS. Measure the direction (angle) and distance of the spheres B and C placed on the intermediate deck from the laser 3D measuring device 7 installed in Z2, and determine the positional relationship between the spheres A, B, C, and D And installed so that the distance between the ABs of the square ABCD is 20 m.

  The measurement of the distance L between AB by the laser three-dimensional measuring apparatus 7 was performed according to the following procedure.

  The distance of the sphere A was measured from the laser three-dimensional measuring device 7 installed in S1, and point cloud data was obtained. Similarly, the distance of the sphere B was measured through the carbonization chamber to obtain point cloud data.

  From the measurement point cloud data of the spheres A and B, the positions of the centers of the spheres A and B were calculated, and the distance L between the centers was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1 below. X, Y, and Z in the table indicate the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions of the distance from the laser three-dimensional measuring apparatus 7 to the center position of the sphere A or B. Δ in the table indicates the distance between the spheres A and B in the respective axial directions. Therefore, the distance L between the spheres AB can be calculated by obtaining the square root of the sum of the squares of the distances in the respective axial directions.

  With respect to the set distance L between AB = 20 m, the measured value was 20.00226 m, and an excellent result of 0.01% error was obtained. That is, it was confirmed that the AB distance determined from the square ABCD and the AB distance obtained by measurement through the coking chamber coincide with each other with high accuracy.

  In addition, when the furnace length was measured using the method shown in FIG. 1 (conventional method) and the method shown in FIG. 3 (invention method), the invented method should be measured in about 1/3 time of the conventional method. did it.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbonization chamber 2 Combustion chamber 3a Furnace frame 3b Furnace frame 4a Furnace frame 4b Furnace frame 5 Laser type surveying instrument 6 Reference object 7 Laser three-dimensional measuring apparatus 8 Reference object

Claims (2)

A method of measuring the furnace length of the coking chamber of the coke oven, one of the kiln outlet side of the carbonization chamber was opened hand furnace lid, place the laser surveying device to a position away from該窯port, Without opening the other furnace lid, using the furnace lid as a reference object, a laser surveying device irradiates the reference object with a laser through the carbonization chamber, measures the distance to the reference object, and then laser-type surveying A method for measuring the length of a coke oven, measuring a distance between the apparatus and one kiln, and calculating a kiln length from the distance to one kiln and the distance to the reference. The coke oven furnace length measurement method according to claim 1 is used to measure the furnace length periodically and calculate the change in the furnace length with time, thereby evaluating the degree of deterioration of the coke oven furnace body. Coke oven furnace body deterioration evaluation method.

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