JP6236726B2 - Agricultural house - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural house used for cultivation of agricultural products.

  In general, this type of agricultural house (vinyl house) maintains an indoor temperature, humidity, and the like, and realizes an environment suitable for cultivation of crops different from the outside world (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The agricultural house described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a curtain (resin film or the like) that can be opened and closed in order to keep the temperature and humidity in the house constant.

JP-A-8-70710

  However, in the curtain covering the side wall of the house, there is a possibility that a gap is generated between the curtain and the ground, for example, even when the curtain is closed. And there existed a problem that sunlight injects from the side wall of a house through this clearance gap, the temperature of a field rises, and a poor growth (germination failure) generate | occur | produces.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said reason, The objective is to provide the agricultural house which can light-shield the side wall of a house main body without gap, when a curtain is closed.

  The agricultural house of the present invention includes a house body in which a pair of side walls facing each other and a roof connecting the upper ends of the pair of side walls are extended in the depth direction, and each of the pair of side walls along the depth direction. It is provided using a mounting member, and is provided on each of the pair of side walls along the depth direction, and an irrigation part which is arranged at a position higher than the ground and away from the side wall and irrigates in the house body. A first light shielding member having a light shielding property, and a second light shielding member having a light shielding property provided on each of the pair of side walls along the depth direction and avoiding the attachment member, The light-shielding member has a lower end moved in a vertical direction between a closed position where the lower end is at the lowest position and an open position where the lower end is located at the highest position at a position higher than the irrigation part, Second light shielding part Covers the side wall below the first light shielding member, and the upper end portion of the second light shielding member overlaps with the lower end portion of the first light shielding member when in the closed position. Features.

  In this agricultural house, it is preferable that the first light-shielding member and the second light-shielding member are formed in a sheet shape, and the first light-shielding member includes a bar along the depth direction at a lower end portion. .

  In this agricultural house, the bar is preferably provided at a position closer to the side wall than the irrigation unit.

  In this agricultural house, it is preferable to include a holding member that is provided on the side wall along the vertical direction passing between the side wall and the irrigation unit and sandwiches the bar with the side wall.

  In this agricultural house, it is preferable that the holding member is attached at a lower end of the same height as the irrigation unit or higher than the irrigation unit.

  As described above, in the present invention, the first light shielding member that opens and closes at a position higher than the irrigation portion is provided, and the second upper end portion overlaps the lower end portion when the first light shielding member is in the closed position. A light shielding member is provided to avoid the mounting member. Thereby, when the 1st light shielding member is closed, there exists an effect that the side wall of a house main body can be light-shielded without a clearance gap by the 2nd light shielding member.

It is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of an agricultural house of an embodiment. It is a front view of the important section in the agricultural house of an embodiment. It is a perspective view of the important section in the agricultural house of an embodiment. It is a front view of another composition of the principal part in the agricultural house of an embodiment. It is an example of the moisture characteristic curve of soil. It is an example of the moisture characteristic curve of soil.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment)
The schematic block diagram of the agricultural house 1 of this embodiment is shown in FIG. The agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment maintains an indoor temperature, humidity, and the like and realizes an environment suitable for cultivation of agricultural products different from the outside world. Below, although the agricultural house 1 mainly used for cultivation of soft vegetables (spinach, Japanese mustard spinach, etc.) will be described as an example, the purpose of the agricultural house 1 is not limited.

  Here, for example, in the cultivation of spinach, when the height is 20 cm or more, it is generally preferred to cultivate without irrigation until before harvesting. However, the amount of water that can be included differs depending on the soil quality of the field. As an example, there are two types of soils (first soil and second soil) having different soil properties. FIG. 5 shows a moisture characteristic curve of the first soil, and FIG. 6 shows a moisture characteristic curve of the second soil. For example, when the matrix potential is 1.0 pF to 2.0 pF, the volumetric water content is an effective amount of water for the crop. In this case, the effective volume moisture content (moisture content) that the first soil can contain is about 22% (see FIG. 5), whereas the effective volume moisture content that the second soil can contain. (Moisture content) is about 7% (see FIG. 6). Therefore, when spinach is cultivated in the second soil that cannot contain a lot of water, there is a risk that water will be deficient during the period when irrigation is stopped before harvesting. Therefore, it is necessary to perform irrigation when the matrix potential is 2.0 pF or more.

  However, when the irrigation part that squirts water is placed on the ground, the water squirted from the irrigation part is blocked by crops with high height before harvesting, and the amount of irrigation far from the irrigation part becomes insufficient. Occur.

  Therefore, a configuration is considered in which a irrigation part is provided at a position away from the ground along the wall surface of the house main body so that the water ejected from the irrigation part is not blocked by the crops. However, the curtain that opens and closes along the wall surface of the house needs to be opened and closed at a higher position than the irrigation unit in order to avoid interference with the irrigation unit and the attachment member to which the irrigation unit is attached. Therefore, even when the curtain is closed, a gap is created between the curtain and the ground, and sunlight enters from the side wall of the house body through this gap, and the temperature of the field rises to cause poor growth (germination failure). The problem that occurs.

  Therefore, the agricultural house 1 of the present embodiment has the following configuration in order to solve the above problem. The agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment includes a house body 2, a irrigation unit 81, a side curtain 6 (first light shielding member), and a light shielding sheet 7 (second light shielding member). In addition, it demonstrates using the X-axis direction (width direction of the agricultural house 1), the Y-axis direction (depth direction of the agricultural house 1), and the Z-axis direction (height direction of the agricultural house 1) shown in FIG. To do.

  The house main body 2 is configured in a shape in which a pair of side walls 21 and 22 that face each other and a roof 23 that connects the upper ends of the pair of side walls 21 and 22 extend in the Y-axis direction (depth direction). The irrigation part 81 is provided on each of the pair of side walls 21 and 22 along the Y-axis direction using attachment members 82 (see FIG. 2), and is higher than the ground and at a position away from the side walls 21 and 22. Arranged and irrigated in the house body 2. The side curtain 6 (first light shielding member) is provided on each of the pair of side walls 21 and 22 along the Y-axis direction and has light shielding properties. The light shielding sheet 7 (second light shielding member) is provided on each of the pair of side walls 21 and 22 along the Y-axis direction so as to avoid the attachment member 82 and has light shielding properties. And as for the side curtain 6, in a position higher than the irrigation part 81, a lower end part moves to an up-down direction between the closed position in which a lower end part is the lowest position, and the open position in which a lower end part is the highest position. . The light shielding sheet 7 covers the side walls 21 and 22 on the lower side of the side curtain 6, and the upper end portion of the light shielding sheet 7 overlaps with the lower end portion of the side curtain 6 when it is in the closed position.

  Below, the agricultural house 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated in detail using FIGS. 1-3.

  The house body 2 of this embodiment has end walls 24 at both ends in the Y-axis direction, and the end walls (not shown) are provided in the end walls 24.

  Specifically, the house main body 2 includes a metal frame (framework) 3 such as aluminum and a covering material 4 having translucency and held by the frame 3. The covering material 4 is provided so as to cover substantially the entire house body 2. The covering material 4 may be made of, for example, a transparent vinyl sheet or glass so as to achieve heat insulation and moisture retention in the house body 2 without substantially blocking sunlight, and in consideration of air permeability. You may be comprised partially by the net | network (insect repellent net etc.).

  The frame 3 has an arch shape and a plurality of arch portions 31 arranged in the Y-axis direction (depth direction), and a plurality of connecting members 32 each extending in the Y-axis direction and connecting the plurality of arch portions 31. Have. Each of the plurality of arch portions 31 includes a pair of wall pieces 311 and 312 along the Z-axis direction (height direction), and a roof piece 313 that connects the upper ends of the pair of wall pieces 311 and 312. Yes.

  That is, the plurality of wall pieces 311 arranged in the Y-axis direction and the covering material 4 provided between these wall pieces 311 constitute the side wall 21, and the plurality of wall pieces 312 arranged in the Y-axis direction and these wall pieces. The covering material 4 provided between 312 constitutes the side wall 22. A plurality of roof pieces 313 arranged in the Y-axis direction and the covering material 4 provided between these roof pieces 313 constitute the roof 23. Here, each arch portion 31 is formed in a shape that protrudes upward such that the roof piece 313 becomes higher toward the center in the X-axis direction (width direction), for example, a semicircular shape or a triangular shape. Therefore, the roof 23 is formed in a semi-cylindrical shape or a triangular prism shape, for example.

  The plurality of connecting members 32 include at least shoulder portions 321 that connect the upper ends (connection points with the roof piece 313) of the plurality of wall pieces 311 arranged in the Y-axis direction, and the plurality of wall pieces arranged in the Y-axis direction. The shoulder part 322 which connects the upper ends (connection point with the roof piece 313) of 312 is included. That is, the side walls 21 and 22 of the house body 2 and the roof 23 are separated by the shoulder portions 321 and 322. Further, the plurality of connecting members 32 include a ridge 323 and base portions 324 and 325 in addition to the shoulder portions 321 and 322. The ridge 323 connects the tops of a plurality of roof pieces 313 arranged in the Y-axis direction. The base portion 324 connects the lower ends of the plurality of wall pieces 311 arranged in the Y-axis direction. The base portion 325 connects the lower ends of the plurality of wall pieces 312 arranged in the Y-axis direction.

  Further, the frame 3 of the house body 2 is arranged at both ends in the Y-axis direction along planes orthogonal to the Y-axis direction (XZ plane in FIG. 1), and at least beams 33 that support the roof 23. In addition. The beam 33 is provided inside each arch portion 31 located at both ends in the Y-axis direction. That is, the arch portions 31 and the beams 33 at both ends in the Y-axis direction and the covering material 4 provided on the inner side of the arch portions 31 constitute the end wall 24.

  Fans 241 are provided on each end wall 24 positioned at both ends of the house body 2 in the Y-axis direction. The fan 241 is provided in the central portion of the end wall 24 in the X-axis direction and in the vicinity of the upper end portion, and is supported by the beam 33. Therefore, in the agricultural house 1, by operating (rotating) the fan 241, an air flow is forcibly generated in the house body 2, and ventilation (replacement of air) of the internal space of the house body 2 can be performed. .

  Moreover, the agricultural house 1 of this embodiment is provided with the roof curtain 5 provided along the roof 23 inside the house main body 2 of the said structure. This roof curtain 5 is suspended by a plurality of wires (not shown) stretched between a pair of end walls 24 of the house body 2, and one end in the Y-axis direction moves along the Y-axis direction. It is configured to open and close. Here, as an example, the roof curtain 5 is a dimming curtain having a light shielding rate of about 65 to 75%, and a part of sunlight (sunlight) irradiated into the house body 2 through the roof 23 in the fully closed state. Has the function of blocking. In soft vegetables and the like, if the light irradiated into the house main body 2 is too strong, the efficiency of photosynthesis deteriorates. However, the agricultural house 1 has such a dimming roof curtain 5, so that the house main body 2 The environment suitable for cultivation of the crop 9 can be realized by adjusting the amount of solar radiation.

  Moreover, the agricultural house 1 of this embodiment is provided with an irrigation device 8 for irrigating the house body 2. The irrigation apparatus 8 includes a tubular irrigation part 81 provided at each side wall 21, 22 along the Y-axis direction, a mounting member 82 (see FIG. 2) for attaching the irrigation part 81 to each side wall 21, 22, and the irrigation part. And a tank for supplying water to 81. The irrigation part 81 is demonstrated using FIG. 2, FIG. In the following description, although the irrigation part 81 provided in the side wall 21 is demonstrated, the irrigation part 81 provided in the side wall 22 is also the same structure.

  The irrigation part 81 is composed of a hose or a pipe having a plurality of holes (not shown) formed at appropriate intervals on the side surface, and the water supplied from the tank is ejected from the holes, so that the inside of the house main body 2 Watering the crops 9 cultivated in 2 indicate the parabolic trajectory of water ejected from the irrigation unit 81. As shown in FIG. 2, water is ejected from the irrigation unit 81 in a plurality of directions, and irrigation can be performed from a position close to the irrigation unit 81 to a far position.

  The attachment member 82 includes a fixing portion 821, an arm 822, and a holding portion 823. The fixing portion 821 is formed of a cylindrical body having a C-shaped cross section, and is fixed to the wall piece 311 at a position away from the ground while grasping the wall piece 311. One end of the arm 822 is formed in an L shape that is continuous with the body of the fixed portion 821, and a holding portion 823 that holds the irrigation portion 81 is provided at the other end.

  The irrigation part 81 is provided on the side wall 21 (specifically, the wall piece 311) by the attachment member 82, and is disposed at a position higher than the ground and away from the side wall 21. In the present embodiment, it is desirable that the irrigation unit 81 is arranged so that the height H1 of the irrigation unit 81 from the ground is equal to or higher than the height H2 of the crop 9 before harvesting. For example, when the height H2 of the crop 9 before harvesting is less than 30 cm, the height H1 of the irrigation unit 81 from the ground is preferably set to 30 cm.

  Here, in order to irrigate a position relatively far from the irrigation unit 81, it is necessary to eject water at a relatively low radiation angle. When the irradiating angle is low, the water arrival height is low. Therefore, when the irrigation part 81 is arranged near the ground, the crop 9 near the irrigation part 81 is covered with water and may be blocked. There is. On the other hand, since the irrigation part 81 of this embodiment is arrange | positioned in the position (position higher than the crop 9) away from the ground, the irrigation part 81 is cultivated near the irrigation part 81. The water ejected from the water is prevented from being blocked. Therefore, the irrigation part 81 can irrigate so that it may become uniform from the position near the irrigation part 81 to a position far from it.

  In the above configuration, water is supplied to the irrigation unit 81 using a tank, but the tank is omitted, and the irrigation unit 81 is used using, for example, a water supply facility (not shown) provided inside or outside the house body 2. The structure which supplies to water may be sufficient.

  Moreover, the agricultural house 1 according to the present embodiment includes a side curtain 6 (first light shielding member) and a light shielding sheet that shield (reduce) the sunlight (sunlight) irradiated into the house body 2 through the side walls 21 and 22. 7 (second light shielding member). The side curtain 6 and the light shielding sheet 7 are provided on the side walls 21 and 22 side by side in the vertical direction (Z axis direction) along the Y-axis direction, and the light shielding sheet 7 covers the vicinity of the lower ends of the side walls 21 and 22. The side curtain 6 covers the upper part of the light shielding sheet 7 on each of the side walls 21 and 22. The side curtain 6 and the light shielding sheet 7 will be described with reference to FIGS. In the following description, the side curtain 6 and the light shielding sheet 7 provided on the side wall 21 will be described, but the side curtain 6 and the light shielding sheet 7 provided on the side wall 22 have the same configuration.

  The side curtain 6 is formed in a sheet shape having light shielding properties (for example, a light shielding ratio of about 65 to 75%), and is provided inside the side wall 21 from one end to the other end of the house body 2 in the Y-axis direction. The side curtain 6 is configured to be openable and closable at a position higher than the irrigation unit 81. As for the side curtain 6, the upper end part is being fixed to the shoulder part 321, and the columnar or cylindrical bar 61 formed along the Y-axis direction is provided in the lower end part as a core material. The side curtain 6 is wound around the bar 61 by, for example, an opening / closing device (not shown) having a pulley, a string body, and the like, so that the lower end of the side curtain 6 is raised integrally with the bar 61 and opened from the core material. By returning, the lower end of the bar 61 is lowered and closed. In addition, the opening / closing method of the side curtain 6 is not limited to the above, and any configuration may be used as long as the lower end moves in the vertical direction.

  The lower end of the side curtain 6 has a lower limit position (closed position) set slightly higher than the irrigation unit 81 and an upper limit position (open position) set near the shoulder 321. Therefore, the lower end of the side curtain 6 moves up and down between the closed position where the lower end is at the lowest position and the open position where the lower limit is at the highest position at a position higher than the irrigation portion 81. Open and close. 2 and 3 show a state in which the lower end portion of the side curtain 6 is at the lower limit position (closed position).

  Moreover, the agricultural house 1 of this embodiment is provided with the string-like or linear holding member 62 provided along the up-down direction through between the side wall 21 and the irrigation part 81. The holding member 62 has an upper end fixed to the shoulder portion 321 and a lower end fixed to the base portion 324, and a plurality of holding members 62 are provided side by side in the Y-axis direction. The holding member 62 holds the bar 61 provided at the lower end of the side curtain 6 with the side wall 21 so that the bar 61 is not separated from the side wall 21. Moreover, the irrigation part 81 is arrange | positioned in the position away from the side wall 21 with the arm 822 of the attachment member 82, and distance L1 between the bar 61 and the irrigation part 81 in a X-axis direction (width direction of the house main body 2). Is set to satisfy L1> 0.

  Thus, in the side curtain 6 of this embodiment, the lower limit position (closed position) of the lower end is set to a position higher than the irrigation part 81 and the attachment member 82, and further between the bar 61 and the irrigation part 81. The distance L1 is set as L1> 0. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the irrigation part 81 and the attachment member 82 from interfering with the side curtain 6 when the side curtain 6 is opened and closed. Moreover, since the bar 61 is restrained by the restraining member 62 so as not to be separated from the side walls 21 and 22, for example, the side curtain 6 blown by the wind is prevented from blocking water ejected from the irrigation unit 81. Can do.

  In the above configuration, the lower end of the holding member 62 is fixed to the base portion 324 that is the lower end of the side wall 21, but may be a position lower than the lower limit position (closed position) of the lower end portion of the side curtain 6. . For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a position where the lower end of the restraining member 62 is the same height as the irrigation part 81, or a position where the lower end of the restraining member 62 is higher than the irrigation part 81 and lower than the lower limit position of the side curtain 6. It may be a configuration fixed to. Thereby, since the suppressing member 62 becomes short, the force which suppresses the bar 61 not to leave | separate from the side wall 21 becomes strong, and material cost can also be reduced.

  Next, the light shielding sheet 7 will be described. The light shielding sheet 7 is formed in a sheet shape having light shielding properties (for example, a light shielding rate of about 65 to 75%), and is provided on the side wall 21 from the one end to the other end of the house body 2 in the Y axis direction so as to avoid the attachment member 82. ing. Specifically, the attachment member 82 is fixed to the wall piece 311 so that the arm 822 is away from the covering material 4, whereas the light shielding sheet 7 is between the covering material 4 and the wall piece 311. Is provided. Therefore, the light shielding sheet 7 does not interfere with the mounting member 82.

  Moreover, the light shielding sheet 7 covers the side wall 21 below the side curtain 6, the upper end portion of the light shielding sheet 7 is higher than the irrigation portion 81, and the lower end portion of the side curtain 6 is at the lower limit position (closed position). It is arranged so that it overlaps the lower limit part at a certain time and the lower limit part is in contact with the ground. That is, the light shielding sheet 7 covers the vicinity of the lower end of the side wall 21 (the gap between the side curtain 6 and the ground) that cannot be covered by interference with the attachment member 82 in the side curtain 6. Thus, for example, even in the morning and evening when the altitude of the sun is low, the sunlight irradiated into the house body 2 through the side wall 21 can be shielded (dimmed) by the light shielding sheet 7. Therefore, the temperature of the ground (field) of the house main body 2 is prevented from rising, and the poor growth (germination failure) of the crop 9 can be suppressed.

  In the above configuration, the light shielding sheet 7 is disposed such that the lower limit portion is in contact with the ground. However, as shown in FIG. 4, a gap may be formed between the lower limit portion of the light shielding sheet 7 and the ground. . For example, when cultivating the crop 9 by forming a farm field from a position 10 cm away from the side walls 21 and 22 in the X-axis direction, even if a gap of about 10 cm occurs between the lower limit portion of the light shielding sheet 7 and the ground. The sunlight applied to the field can be reduced, and the growth of the crop 9 is not affected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 House for agriculture 2 House main bodies 21 and 22 Side wall 23 Roof 5 Roof curtain 6 Side curtain (1st light shielding member)
61 Bar 62 Holding member 7 Light shielding sheet (second light shielding member)
8 Watering device 81 Watering part 82 Mounting member

Claims (5)

A house body in which a pair of side walls facing each other and a roof connecting the upper ends of the pair of side walls extend in the depth direction;
A pair of side walls along the depth direction is provided with an attachment member, and is disposed at a position higher than the ground and away from the side walls to irrigate the house body,
A first light shielding member provided on each of the pair of side walls along the depth direction and having a light shielding property;
A second light shielding member having a light shielding property provided on each of the pair of side walls along the depth direction, avoiding the mounting member,
The first light-shielding member moves in a vertical direction between a closed position where the lower end is the lowest position and an open position where the lower end is the highest at a position higher than the irrigation part. And
The second light shielding member covers the side wall on the lower side of the first light shielding member, and an upper end portion of the second light shielding member is located at the closed position. Agricultural house characterized by overlapping the lower end. The first light shielding member and the second light shielding member are formed in a sheet shape,
The agricultural house according to claim 1, wherein the first light shielding member includes a bar along the depth direction at a lower end portion. The agricultural house according to claim 2, wherein the bar is provided at a position closer to the side wall than the irrigation unit. 4. The agricultural house according to claim 2, further comprising: a pressing member provided between the side wall and the irrigation unit along the vertical direction and sandwiching the bar with the side wall. . The agricultural house according to claim 4, wherein the holding member is attached at a lower end of the same height as the irrigation unit or higher than the irrigation unit.

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