JP6301218B2 - Water stop material and water stop structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a water stop material installed in a gap in order to block water intrusion and a water stop structure in which the water stop material is arranged.

  When a through hole is provided in the foundation or outer wall of a building and a pipe material or an electric wire is passed through the through hole, it is necessary to prevent water from entering from the gap between the through hole and the pipe material. Patent Document 1 discloses a water-stopping material around a pipe that is wound around the pipe material.

  The water-stopping material disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a composition containing water-swelling clay such as bentonite and an organic pressure-sensitive adhesive such as asphalt, in which a core material part with a coiled curl is incorporated. It becomes the composition.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a waterstop body disposed at a joint portion of a water shielding wall. This water-stopper has a structure in which bentonite powder is filled in a water-soluble bag.

  That is, when groundwater or the like infiltrates to the position of the still water body, the water-soluble bag body melts and the bentonite powder comes into contact with water, and the bentonite powder, which is a water-swelling clay, swells and closes the gap. .

  Furthermore, Patent Literature 3 discloses a waterproofing waterproofing band that is wound around a joint portion of a buried pipe. This waterproofing waterproof band has a structure in which bentonite powder is filled in a bag formed by overlapping two nonwoven fabrics. And when bentonite powder swells with the water which passed the nonwoven fabric, adhesiveness can improve and it can prevent water leakage.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a waterproof sheet having a three-layer structure in which a granular clay layer is interposed between a porous sheet and an impermeable sheet. Furthermore, Patent Document 5 discloses an impermeable panel in which both surfaces of a water-swellable clay layer are sandwiched between porous cardboard.

JP 2006-37642 A JP-A-3-282091 JP 59-140993 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-99028 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-44228

  However, since the water-stopping material disclosed in Patent Documents 1-3 has a structure in which the water-swellable clay expands in a direction other than the direction of closing the gap, there is a possibility that the gap cannot be sufficiently closed.

  Patent Documents 1-5 disclose clay-like or powder-like water-swellable materials, but a water-stopping material or water-stopping structure that achieves high water-blocking performance by combining these materials. There is no disclosure.

  Then, this invention aims at providing the water stop material and water stop structure which can control the expansion | swelling direction of water-swellable clay to the direction which closes a clearance gap, and can ensure high water-blocking performance. .

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the water-stop material of the present invention is a water-stop material formed by laminating a plurality of members, and can permeate water with a clay layer containing water-swellable clay. A backup material layer formed on both sides of the clay layer by different materials, and a water-swellable powder in a water-soluble or water-permeable bag interposed between at least one of the backup material layer and the clay layer And a powder layer filled with.

  Here, the backup material layer adjacent to the powder layer is preferably capable of shielding the powder. Furthermore, the powder layer bag body is preferably water-soluble.

  The backup material layer can be formed of a foam material in which open cells are included. Furthermore, the clay layer can be configured to contain an organic pressure-sensitive adhesive. The clay layer may have a multilayer structure.

  On the other hand, the water-stop structure of the present invention is characterized in that any one of the above-mentioned water-stop materials is wound around the outer periphery of the pipe material and the space between the through hole into which the pipe material is inserted and the pipe material is closed. Here, the through hole may be formed obliquely. And the said water stop material can be set as the structure arrange | positioned so that each layer may become substantially horizontal.

  Moreover, it can be set as the structure by which the water stop swelling part containing a water swelling clay is provided in the position which the said clay layer of the hole wall of the said through-hole contacts.

  In the water-stopping material of the present invention configured as described above, a clay layer containing water-swellable clay and a backup material layer formed of a material capable of transmitting water are laminated on both sides thereof.

  For this reason, the direction of expansion of the water-swellable clay in the clay layer sandwiched between the backup material layers is controlled in a direction substantially perpendicular to the stacking direction, which is the direction to close the gap, thereby improving the water shielding performance.

  Further, by sandwiching the clay layer with the backup material layer, it is possible to prevent the clay layer from being displaced during the installation operation. That is, when the clay layer swells with water, the frictional resistance of the surface decreases and becomes slippery, but the clay layer can remain in the installed position by being sandwiched between the backup material layers.

  Furthermore, by interposing a powder layer filled with water-swellable powder in a water-soluble or water-permeable bag between the backup material layer and the clay layer, when water enters, water swells. The water-resistant powder swells to fill the gaps, thereby improving the water shielding performance.

  Further, if the powder is shielded by the backup material layer capable of shielding the powder, the water-swellable particles in the powder layer can be prevented from flowing out. Furthermore, if the bag body of the powder layer is water-soluble, the water will not melt and prevent the expansion of the powder when water enters, so that the powder can be expanded to the maximum to prevent water leakage. Can be increased.

  And if a backup material layer is formed with the foaming material in which the open cell was included, performance, such as compressibility and permeability | transmittance, can be adjusted easily. Moreover, a softness | flexibility and shape retainability can be improved by making a clay layer contain an organic adhesive. Furthermore, if the clay layer has a multilayer structure, water can be shielded by each layer, so that the water shielding performance can be further enhanced.

  And the clearance gap between a through-hole and a pipe material can be easily obstruct | occluded by winding the above-mentioned water stop material around the outer periphery of a pipe material. Here, even when the through hole is formed obliquely, high water shielding performance can be ensured.

  Also, if the through-holes are formed diagonally, the water-stopping material is arranged so that each layer is substantially horizontal, so that the water pressure is evenly received from the rising water, so that it is durable. Can be improved.

  Furthermore, if the non-hole water stop part is provided in the position which contacts a clay layer, a clay layer and an off-hole water stop part will closely_contact | adhere, and the movement of water can be prevented reliably.

It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the structure of the water stop material and water stop structure of this Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which expanded and showed the structure of the water stop material. It is the perspective view which showed the state which wound the water stop material around the outer periphery of an oblique tube. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the construction method of the through-hole of a solid foundation. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the structure of the water stop structure of an Example. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the construction method of the through-hole of the solid foundation of an Example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a water stop material 3 of the present embodiment and a water stop structure in which the water stop material 3 is arranged.

  In the present embodiment, a water stop structure when piping to a through hole 13 (see FIG. 4) provided in the solid foundation 1 will be described. The solid foundation 1 is provided as a foundation for a house or the like, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, is mainly composed of a bottom plate portion 11 and a side wall portion 12 provided on the periphery thereof.

  The baseplate part 11 and the side wall part 12 orthogonal to it are integrally constructed by reinforced concrete. And the hole for connecting the inside and outside of the solid foundation 1 is provided as the through-hole 13.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the through-hole 13 can be formed by placing the void tube 14 at a predetermined position before placing concrete. Below, the case where the diagonal through-hole 13 is provided by arrange | positioning the void pipe | tube 14 diagonally in the corner part of the baseplate part 11 and the side wall part 12 is demonstrated.

  First, the void tube 14 is temporarily fixed obliquely to the reinforcing bar arranged for the solid foundation 1. Subsequently, when the concrete to be the bottom plate portion 11 and the side wall portion 12 is placed, the void tube 14 as shown in FIG. 4 is buried.

  Therefore, after the concrete is hardened, the void tube 14 is extracted so that the concrete hole wall as shown in FIG. In the through hole 13 provided in this way, piping connecting the inside and outside of the solid foundation 1 is performed. That is, the inner connecting pipe 21 inside the solid foundation 1 and the outer connecting pipe 22 outside the solid foundation 1 are connected by the oblique pipe 2 as a pipe material.

  The oblique tube 2 is formed of a cylindrical member having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the through hole 13. For this reason, a gap is opened between the outer peripheral surface of the inclined tube 2 inserted into the through hole 13 and the inner peripheral surface (hole wall) of the through hole 13.

  The water blocking material 3 of the present embodiment is arranged to close the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the inclined tube 2 and the hole wall of the through hole 13. That is, the water blocking material 3 is arranged in a substantially horizontal annular shape.

  The waterstop material 3 of the present embodiment is formed by laminating a first porous layer 41 as a backup material layer, a powder layer 6, a clay layer 5, and a second porous layer 42 as a backup material layer. Has been.

  In the through holes 13 formed obliquely at the corners of the solid foundation 1, it is necessary to block rainwater and groundwater rising from below. For this reason, each layer is laminated | stacked on an up-down direction by arrange | positioning the water stop material 3 substantially horizontally.

  By setting it as such an arrangement | positioning, the moving direction of the water which moves toward the top from the bottom, and a lamination direction can be match | combined. Moreover, the water pressure which the water stop material 3 receives acts in each layer equally.

  Here, the clay layer 5 is formed of a composition containing water-swellable clay and an organic pressure-sensitive adhesive. Bentonite, smectite, swellable mica, etc. can be used as the water-swellable clay. Preferably, bentonite can be used.

  For the organic pressure-sensitive adhesive, materials having pressure-sensitive adhesive properties such as asphalt, gelled oil, liquid synthetic resin, and unvulcanized rubber-like substance can be used. Preferably, asphalt can be used.

  Thus, by mixing the organic pressure-sensitive adhesive into the water-swellable clay, the clay layer 5 having excellent flexibility and shape retention can be obtained. The clay layer 5 is formed by a composition containing water-swellable clay formed in a string shape and an organic pressure-sensitive adhesive.

  On the other hand, the powder layer 6 is mainly composed of a water-soluble bag body 62 and a water-swellable powder 61 filled in the inner space of the bag body 62 as shown in FIG. As the powder 61, a water-swellable powder mainly containing at least one of bentonite, smectite, swellable mica and the like can be used.

  The powder 61 may be a powder of an organic material such as polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol-based superabsorbent gel polymer, and acrylonitrile-based hydrophilic crosslinked polymer.

  On the other hand, the bag body 62 can be formed of a water-soluble film made of polyvinyl alcohol as a raw material. The bag body 62 is formed in a long or annular shape having a length necessary for winding around the oblique tube 2.

  And as shown in FIG. 2, the 1st porous layer 41 and the 2nd porous layer 42 are adjoined by the both sides which made the clay layer 5 and the powder layer 6 adjoin, respectively. That is, the water blocking material 3 has a structure in which the first porous layer 41, the powder layer 6, the clay layer 5, and the second porous layer 42 are laminated adjacently in this order.

  The first porous layer 41 and the second porous layer 42 can be formed of a foam material in which open cells are included. For example, it can be formed into a band shape or a ring shape by foamed urethane such as soft polyurethane.

  Urethane foam in which open cells are included is excellent in compressibility. Moreover, since it is excellent also in the restoring force, even if it is pushed into the through-hole 13 and deform | transformed, it will restore | restore immediately and can be made to contact | adhere to a hole wall.

  In addition, the first porous layer 41 and the second porous layer 42 in which the open cells are formed can transmit water W over the entire surface. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the water W rising from below permeates the second porous layer 42 and swells the clay layer 5 evenly.

  Furthermore, the water that has passed through the clay layer 5 melts the bag body 62 and causes the powder 61 to swell. On the other hand, the particles of the powder 61 filled in the powder layer 6 cannot pass through the first porous layer 41 and the second porous layer 42 and are shielded. For this reason, even if the bag body 62 melt | dissolves, the powder 61 before swelling does not flow out.

  Next, the construction method of the water stop structure using the water stop material 3 of this Embodiment is demonstrated.

  First, a method of attaching the water stop material 3 to the inclined tube 2 passing through the through hole 13 as shown in FIG. 3 will be described. In order from the bottom, the second porous layer 42 is attached obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the oblique tube 2.

  The angle of the second porous layer 42 with respect to the axial direction of the inclined tube 2 is set to an angle that is substantially horizontal when the inclined tube 2 is disposed in the through hole 13 (see FIG. 1). The second porous layer 42 is fixed to the oblique tube 2 using a double-sided tape or an adhesive.

  Subsequently, the clay layer 5 is wound just above the second porous layer 42 so as to be substantially parallel to the second porous layer 42. Further, a powder layer 6 is wound just above the clay layer 5 so as to be substantially parallel to the clay layer 5.

  The powder layer 6 can be fixed to the oblique tube 2 using a double-sided tape, an adhesive, or the like. Then, the first porous layer 41 is wound just above the powder layer 6 so as to be substantially parallel to the powder layer 6. The first porous layer 41 is also fixed to the oblique tube 2 with a double-sided tape or an adhesive.

  The inclined tube 2 around which the water blocking material 3 is wound in this way is inserted into the through hole 13 as shown in FIG. The outer diameter of the portion around which the water blocking material 3 is wound is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 13, and the water blocking material 3 is pushed into the through hole 13 in a deformed state.

  The pushing of the inclined tube 2 is performed so that the hole axis of the through hole 13 and the tube axis of the inclined tube 2 coincide. And the clay layer 5 and the hole wall of the through-hole 13 will be in contact | adhered state. On the other hand, the 1st porous layer 41 and the 2nd porous layer 42 which were compressed at the time of pushing in are restored in the through-hole 13, and will be in the state stuck to the hole wall.

  That is, the gap between the through hole 13 and the oblique tube 2 is closed by the water blocking material 3. In this way, the layers (41, 6, 5, 42) of the water blocking material 3 are disposed substantially horizontally in the through hole 13.

  Next, the effect | action of the water stop material 3 of this Embodiment and the water stop structure where it is arrange | positioned is demonstrated.

  The water stop material 3 of the present embodiment configured as described above includes a clay layer 5 containing water-swellable clay, a powder layer 6 filled with water-swellable powder 61, and a powder 61. A first porous layer 41 and a second porous layer 42 that are made of a material that can be shielded and that can transmit water are laminated.

  For this reason, the water-swellable clay in the clay layer 5 and the powder layer 6 sandwiched between the first porous layer 41 and the second porous layer 42 expands toward the first porous layer 41 and the second porous layer 42. Is limited. On the other hand, it can easily expand in a direction substantially perpendicular to the stacking direction without any obstacles. In short, the water shielding performance can be enhanced by controlling the expansion direction of the water-swellable clay in a direction substantially orthogonal to the stacking direction, which is a direction for closing the gap.

  Further, by sandwiching the clay layer 5 and the powder layer 6 between the first porous layer 41 and the second porous layer 42, the clay layer 5 and the powder layer 6 are damaged when inserted into the through hole 13, It is possible to prevent the position relative to the oblique tube 2 from shifting.

  In particular, when the clay layer 5 swells with water, the frictional resistance of the surface is lowered and the slippery becomes slippery. However, the first porous layer 41 is sandwiched between the first porous layer 41 and the second porous layer 42. And if the 2nd porous layer 42 does not move, it can remain in the installed position.

  Furthermore, by interposing the powder layer 6 in which the water-swellable powder 61 is filled in the water-soluble bag body 62 between the first porous layer 41 and the clay layer 5, when water enters. Since the water-swellable powder 61 swells and the gap is filled, the water shielding performance can be further enhanced.

  And even if the water-swellable particles of the clay layer 5 and the powder layer 6 start to peel off due to the ingress of water, the movement is blocked by the first porous layer 41 or the second porous layer 42 and the outflow can be prevented. .

  Further, if the bag body 62 of the powder layer 6 is water-soluble, it dissolves when water enters, so that the expansion of the powder 61 is not limited by the bag body 62, and the powder 61 It can be swelled to the maximum to improve the water shielding performance.

  Furthermore, if the 1st porous layer 41 and the 2nd porous layer 42 are formed with the foaming urethane in which the open cell was included, performance, such as compressibility, permeability | transmittance, and hardness, can be adjusted easily. Moreover, if it is a dry type backup material like urethane foam, since it can arrange | position easily compared with a wet type backup material, it is excellent in workability.

  Furthermore, the softness | flexibility and shape retainability can be improved by making the clay layer 5 contain an organic adhesive. That is, when the clay layer is formed only from the water-swellable clay, it may be hardened or collapsed and may not be disposed at a desired position of the through hole 13.

  On the other hand, if the clay layer 5 has high flexibility, the insertion resistance does not become too high, and therefore it is possible to make it difficult to cause a displacement with respect to the inclined tube 2. Further, if the shape retaining property is high, it is less likely to be damaged by friction with the hole wall, so that it is possible to suppress a gap from being formed between the hole wall and the hole wall.

  In short, the gap between the through-hole 13 and the inclined tube 2 can be easily closed only by winding the water stop material 3 around the outer periphery of the inclined tube 2. And even if such a water stop material 3 has the through-hole 13 formed diagonally, it can arrange | position easily and can ensure high water-insulating performance.

  In particular, when the through-hole 13 is formed obliquely, the water W rising as a result of the water-stopping material 3 being arranged so that each layer (41, 6, 5, 42) is substantially horizontal. Therefore, durability can be improved by receiving the water pressure evenly.

  That is, if the water W is normal, the water surface rises in a horizontal state, so that the water pressure acts evenly on the waterstop 3 without being biased. And the rising water W can penetrate | invade uniformly from the whole surface of the 2nd porous layer 42, and can demonstrate the performance of the clay layer 5 and the powder layer 6 without bias.

  Hereinafter, an example of a mode different from the water stop structure of the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The description of the same or equivalent parts as the contents described in the above embodiment will be given the same reference numerals or the same terms.

  An outer water blocking portion 15 is provided on the outer periphery of the through hole 13A of the present embodiment so as to be substantially horizontal. For the non-hole water blocking portion 15, clay having water swellability such as bentonite, smectite, and swellable mica can be used. Preferably, bentonite is used.

  In order to provide such a non-hole water-stopping portion 15, first, clay having water swellability is formed into a string shape and wound obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the void tube 14 as shown in FIG. 6.

  The void tube 14 is temporarily fixed obliquely to the reinforcing bar arranged for the solid foundation 1. Subsequently, when the concrete that becomes the bottom plate portion 11 and the side wall portion 12 is placed, the void pipe 14 and the outer water blocking portion 15 are buried.

  Therefore, after the concrete has hardened, the void tube 14 is extracted, and the water blocking portion 15 with a hole as shown in FIG. 5 is exposed to the hole wall of the through hole 13A. This outer water blocking portion 15 is exposed in a substantially horizontal annular shape on the hole wall of the through hole 13A.

  Subsequently, the inclined tube 2 around which the water blocking material 3 is wound is inserted into the through hole 13A. The outer diameter of the portion around which the water blocking material 3 is wound is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 13A, and the water blocking material 3 is pushed into the through hole 13A in a deformed state.

  The pushing of the inclined tube 2 is performed up to a position where the clay layer 5 comes into contact with the outer water blocking portion 15 exposed at the hole wall of the through hole 13A. As a result, the clay layer 5 and the non-porous water blocking portion 15 are in close contact with each other.

  Further, the powder layer 6 is also disposed at a position in contact with the non-hole water blocking portion 15. Furthermore, the 1st porous layer 41 and the 2nd porous layer 42 which were compressed at the time of pushing in are restored in the through-hole 13A, and will be in the state closely_contact | adhered to the hole wall.

  Thus, if the non-porous water blocking portion 15 is provided at a position where the clay layer 5 is brought into contact, the clay layer 5 and the non-porous water blocking portion 15 can be in close contact with each other to reliably prevent water from moving. .

  In particular, when the water infiltrates and the clay layer 5 swells, the frictional resistance of the surface decreases and the surface becomes slippery on a smooth surface, but is brought into contact with the non-porous water-stopping portion 15 containing water-swellable clay. In this case, slipping is less likely to occur.

  For this reason, even when the water W rises for a period of time due to concentrated heavy rain and the water level drops thereafter, no slip occurs between the clay layer 5 and the off-hole water-stopping portion 15, and the water-stopping material 3 is attached to the original water-stopping material 3. Can be kept in position.

  Other configurations and functions and effects are substantially the same as those in the above-described embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the embodiment and the example, and the design change is within a range not departing from the gist of the present invention. Are included in the present invention.

  For example, in the said embodiment and Example, although the case where the water stop material 3 was arrange | positioned to the through-holes 13 and 13A of the solid foundation 1 was demonstrated, it is not limited to this. The present invention can be applied to a through-hole provided in an outer wall, a retaining wall, a cloth foundation, or the like, or can be applied to a wall joint or the like. In short, the water stop material 3 of this Embodiment can be arrange | positioned in the clearance gap of various shapes.

  Moreover, although the case where the diagonal through-holes 13 and 13A were provided was demonstrated in the said embodiment and Example, it is not limited to this, Even if it is a through-hole provided horizontally in the side wall part 12 etc. Good. In this case, the stacking direction of the water blocking material may be made to coincide with the horizontal direction that is the axial direction of the pipe material inserted into the through hole.

  Moreover, although the said embodiment demonstrated the clay layer 5 formed with the composition containing water-swellable clay and an organic adhesive, it is not limited to this. For example, a clay layer mainly composed of water-swellable clay that does not contain an organic adhesive may be used.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment and Example, although the single layer clay layer 5 was demonstrated, it is not limited to this. For example, the clay layer can be formed into a multilayer structure by spirally forming. Thus, if the clay layer has a multilayer structure, water can be shielded by each layer, so that the water shielding performance can be further enhanced.

  Moreover, although the water-soluble bag body 62 was demonstrated in the said embodiment, it is not limited to this. For example, the bag can be formed of a water-permeable sheet material such as a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric. In this case, it is preferable to form a bag body that is damaged by the expansion pressure of the powder 61 or water so that the expansion of the powder 61 is not hindered.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment and examples, the case where the powder layer 6 is provided only on the first porous layer 41 side has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the powder layer 6 is provided on both sides of the clay layer 5. , 6 can also be provided.

  In the above embodiment, the case where a dry backup material such as urethane foam is disposed as the backup material layer (41, 42) has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a wet backup material such as mortar is used. A backup material layer can also be formed by the material.

13 Through-hole 15 Non-hole water blocking part 2 Oblique pipe (pipe material)
3 Water stop material 41 1st porous layer (backup material layer)
42 Second porous layer (backup material layer)
5 Clay layer 6 Powder layer 61 Powder 62 Bag

Claims (10)

A waterstop material formed by laminating a plurality of members,
A clay layer containing water-swellable clay;
A backup material layer formed on each side of the clay layer by a material capable of transmitting water;
A waterstop comprising a water-soluble or water-permeable bag body interposed between at least one of the backup material layers and the clay layer, and a powder layer filled with water-swellable powder. Wood.   The waterproof material according to claim 1, wherein the backup material layer adjacent to the powder layer is capable of shielding the powder.   The waterstop material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bag of the powder layer is water-soluble.   The water-stop material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the backup material layer is formed of a foam material in which open cells are included.   The water stopping material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the clay layer contains an organic pressure-sensitive adhesive.   The waterstop material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the clay layer has a multilayer structure.   A water-stopping structure, wherein the water-stopping material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is wound around an outer periphery of a pipe material, and the space between the through hole into which the pipe material is inserted and the pipe material is closed.   The water stop structure according to claim 7, wherein the through hole is formed obliquely.   The water stop structure according to claim 8, wherein the water stop material is disposed such that each layer is substantially horizontal.   10. The non-hole water-stopping portion containing water-swellable clay is provided at a position where the clay layer of the through-hole is in contact with the clay layer. Water stop structure.