JP6410274B2 - Viscosity measurement method - Google Patents
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Description
[技術分野]
本発明は、粘度測定方法に関する。さらに詳細には、本発明は、（ｉ）振動のない静的状態で液滴の映像を得るステップと、（ｉｉ）振動子を使用して前記液滴を振動させて前記液滴が水平方向に最大に伸びられるか、垂直方向に最大に伸びられた動的状態の映像を獲得するステップと、（ｉｉｉ）前記（ｉ）ステップ及び（ｉｉ）ステップにて得た映像から前記液滴界面の静的曲率変化率と動的曲率変化率とを得るステップと、（ｉｖ）前記液滴界面の静的曲率変化率と動的曲率変化率との比を前記振動子に対して補正された相関式に代入して、前記液滴の粘度を求めるステップとを含む、粘度測定方法に関する。
[背景技術]
流体の粘度（ｖｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙ）とは、流れに対する流体の抵抗の尺度である。すなわち、粘度は、動く流体の内部摩擦を意味する。数学的に、粘度は、流体の流れ方向に垂直な速度勾配に対する単位面積当たりの接線方向の摩擦力の割合として表現される。
[Technical field]
The present invention relates to a viscosity measuring method. More specifically, the present invention includes (i) obtaining an image of a droplet in a static state without vibration, and (ii) vibrating the droplet using a vibrator so that the droplet is in a horizontal direction. (Iii) acquiring a dynamic state image extended to a maximum in a vertical direction or a maximum in a vertical direction, and (iii) from the images obtained in steps (i) and (ii) Obtaining a static curvature change rate and a dynamic curvature change rate; and (iv) a correlation in which a ratio of the static curvature change rate and the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface is corrected for the vibrator. And substituting into the equation to determine the viscosity of the droplet.
[Background]
Fluid viscosity is a measure of fluid resistance to flow. That is, viscosity means the internal friction of the moving fluid. Mathematically, viscosity is expressed as the ratio of the tangential friction force per unit area to the velocity gradient perpendicular to the fluid flow direction.
粘度計（ｖｉｓｃｏｍｅｔｅｒ）とは、流体の粘度を測定する機器であり、現在多く使用される粘度計は、毛細管粘度計、回転式粘度計などである。このような粘度計の測定原理及び機能を簡単に述べると、以下のとおりである。 A viscometer is a device that measures the viscosity of a fluid, and currently used viscometers are a capillary viscometer, a rotary viscometer, and the like. The measurement principle and function of such a viscometer will be briefly described as follows.
回転式粘度計は、運動中である液体が円筒あるいは円板に及ぼす抵抗力を測定して、液体の粘度を測定する機器である。回転式粘度計は、中間せん断率領域の粘度を測定するのに適しているが、 ゼロせん断率粘度を測定するには適していない。 A rotary viscometer is an instrument that measures the viscosity of a liquid by measuring the resistance force exerted on the cylinder or disk by the moving liquid. The rotary viscometer is suitable for measuring the viscosity in the intermediate shear rate region, but is not suitable for measuring the zero shear modulus viscosity.
毛細管粘度計は、正常流動状態である液体の質量流量と圧力降下量とを測定して、ポアズイユ（ＰＯＩＳＥＵＩＬＬＥ）法則を利用して粘度を測定する機器である。しかしながら、毛細管粘度計を使用して粘度を測定する場合に、粘度が毛細管の直径の４乗に比例するから、毛細管を非常に精密に較正（ｃａｌｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ）しなければならない。 A capillary viscometer is a device that measures the mass flow rate and pressure drop of a liquid in a normal flow state, and measures the viscosity using the POISEUILLE law. However, when measuring the viscosity using a capillary viscometer, the capillary must be calibrated very precisely because the viscosity is proportional to the fourth power of the diameter of the capillary.
特に、使い捨て毛細管を使用しなければならない血液の粘度を測定する場合において、使い捨て流体管を全部精密に較正することも難しく、較正後に毛細管を完壁に洗浄しなければならないという問題点が存在する。万が一、毛細管に対して較正しない場合、事実上、血液の粘度測定値の正確度を保障することができない。 In particular, when measuring the viscosity of blood in which a disposable capillary tube must be used, it is difficult to accurately calibrate the entire disposable fluid tube, and there is a problem that the capillary tube must be thoroughly washed after calibration. . In the unlikely event that the capillary is not calibrated, the accuracy of blood viscosity measurements cannot be guaranteed in effect.
かかる従来の技術による機械的方式の粘度測定方法は、過度な液体使用量と汚染問題によって、特に診断または検診装備に適用し難い。
映像基盤粘度測定方法の場合には、液体の使用量が少なく、費用が少なくかかり、速かに測定できるが、正確な測定がむずかしい。その理由は、液滴の固有振動数を利用して粘度を測定する場合には、前記液滴の固有振動数が粘度にほとんど影響を受けないからである。また、液滴の振幅を利用して粘度を測定する場合には、前記液滴の振幅が粘度だけでなく、液滴の体積、表面張力、密度、振動子の振幅などに敏感に影響を受けるから、このような多様な変数を正確に補正できないから、正確な粘度測定が極めて難しい。
Such conventional mechanical viscosity measurement methods are particularly difficult to apply to diagnostic or screening equipment due to excessive liquid usage and contamination problems.
In the case of the image-based viscosity measurement method, the amount of liquid used is small, the cost is low, and measurement can be performed quickly, but accurate measurement is difficult. The reason is that when the viscosity is measured using the natural frequency of the droplet, the natural frequency of the droplet is hardly affected by the viscosity. In addition, when measuring the viscosity using the amplitude of the droplet, the amplitude of the droplet is sensitive to not only the viscosity but also the volume, surface tension, density, vibrator amplitude, etc. of the droplet. Therefore, accurate measurement of viscosity is extremely difficult because such various variables cannot be corrected accurately.
本発明者は、振動状態の液滴の動的曲率変化率と静的曲率変化率との比が液体の粘度によってのみ影響を受けるという点に鑑みて、本発明を完成した。 The present inventor has completed the present invention in view of the fact that the ratio between the dynamic curvature change rate and the static curvature change rate of a vibrating droplet is affected only by the viscosity of the liquid.
本発明の目的は、（ｉ）振動のない静的状態で液滴の映像を得るステップと、（ｉｉ）振動子を使用して前記液滴を振動させて、前記液滴が水平方向に最大に伸びられるか、または垂直方向に最大に伸びられた動的状態の映像を獲得するステップと、（ｉｉｉ）前記（ｉ）ステップ及び（ｉｉ）ステップで得た映像から静的状態及び動的状態での前記液滴の界面の曲率変化率を得るステップと、（ｉｖ）下記の式（３）を利用して求めた前記液滴界面の静的曲率変化率と動的曲率変化率との比を、下記の式（４）の前記振動子に対して補正された相関式に代入して、前記液滴の粘度を求めるステップとを含む、 The object of the present invention is to (i) obtain a droplet image in a static state without vibration, and (ii) vibrate the droplet using a vibrator so that the droplet is maximized in the horizontal direction. A video in a dynamic state that is stretched in the vertical direction or maximized in a vertical direction, and (iii) a static state and a dynamic state from the video obtained in steps (i) and (ii) (Iv) a ratio between a static curvature change rate and a dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface obtained by using the following equation (3): Substituting into the correlation equation corrected for the transducer of the following equation (4) to determine the viscosity of the droplet:
粘度測定方法を提供することである。 It is to provide a viscosity measurement method.
上述の本発明の目的は、（ｉ）振動のない静的状態で液滴の映像を得るステップと、（ｉｉ）振動子を使用して前記液滴を振動させて、前記液滴が水平方向に最大に伸びられるか、または垂直方向に最大に伸びられた動的状態の映像を獲得するステップと、（ｉｉｉ）前記（ｉ）ステップ及び（ｉｉ）ステップで得た映像から静的状態及び動的状態での前記液滴の界面の曲率変化率を得るステップと、（ｉｖ）下記の式（３）を利用して求めた前記液滴界面の静的曲率変化率と動的曲率変化率との比を、下記の式（４）の前記振動子に対して補正された相関式に代入して、前記液滴の粘度を求めるステップとを含む、 The objects of the present invention described above are: (i) a step of obtaining an image of a droplet in a static state without vibration, and (ii) vibrating the droplet using a vibrator so that the droplet is in a horizontal direction. (Iii) obtaining a video in a dynamic state that is extended to a maximum in a vertical direction or a maximum in a vertical direction; Obtaining a curvature change rate of the interface of the droplet in a target state, and (iv) a static curvature change rate and a dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface obtained using the following equation (3): Substituting into the correlation equation corrected for the transducer of the following equation (4) to determine the viscosity of the droplets:
粘度測定方法を提供することによって達成されることができる。
本発明の方法において、前記液滴は、振動器具に垂れ下がっているか、または振動板の上に置かれていることができる。前記振動器具または振動板により振動する液滴を撮影して、前記液滴が水平方向に最大に伸びられるか、または垂直方向に最大に伸びられた状態の映像を獲得する。振動のない静的状態の液滴映像は、前記動的状態の映像を獲得する前または後に得ることができる。
This can be achieved by providing a viscosity measurement method.
In the method of the present invention, the droplets may hang down on a vibrating instrument or be placed on a diaphragm. A droplet that vibrates with the vibration device or the diaphragm is photographed, and an image of the state where the droplet is extended to the maximum in the horizontal direction or the maximum in the vertical direction is acquired. The droplet image in a static state without vibration can be obtained before or after acquiring the image in the dynamic state.
以後、静的状態の液滴映像で静的状態の液滴界面の曲率変化率を求め、動的状態の液滴映像を全部使用するか、またはその中でいずれか一つだけの映像を使用して、前記液滴の動的状態での曲率変化率を得る。 After that, the curvature change rate of the static droplet interface is obtained from the static droplet image, and all the dynamic droplet images are used or only one of them is used. Then, the curvature change rate in the dynamic state of the droplet is obtained.
このように得た曲率変化率を利用して、前記振動子に対して予め求めた補正された相関式に前記液滴の静的状態及び動的状態での曲率変化率を代入して、前記液滴の粘度を求める。 Using the curvature change rate obtained in this way, substituting the curvature change rate in the static state and dynamic state of the droplet into the corrected correlation equation obtained in advance for the vibrator, Determine the viscosity of the droplet.
本発明の方法は、多様な液体、特に体液に適用できる。さらに具体的に説明すると、前記体液は、血液、小便などの体液でありうる。 The method of the present invention can be applied to a variety of liquids, particularly body fluids. More specifically, the body fluid may be a body fluid such as blood or urine.
本発明の方法によれば、液体の粘度を非常に容易かつ正確で速かに測定できる。特に、本発明の方法は、血液の粘度測定と共に、診断及び検診分野において有用に適用されることができる。 According to the method of the present invention, the viscosity of a liquid can be measured very easily, accurately and quickly. In particular, the method of the present invention can be usefully applied in the field of diagnosis and screening together with blood viscosity measurement.
以下、次の図面を例に挙げて、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。しかしながら、次の図についての説明は、本発明の具体的な実施態様を特定して説明するためであり、本発明の権利範囲をこれらに記載された内容に限定するか、または制限解析しようと意図することではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following drawings. However, the description of the following drawings is for the purpose of identifying and explaining specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is limited to the contents described in these, or a restriction analysis is to be performed. Not intended.
本発明に係る液滴の動的曲率変化率と静的曲率変化率との比を利用した粘度測定方法は、液滴の界面形状を分析して粘度測定に必要な情報を得る。
静的状態の液滴の界面形状は、表面張力（σ）と界面の曲率（κ）によって発生する毛細管力（σκ）と、液摘と外気との密度差（Δρ）による高さ（ｚ）に比例して発生する水頭圧（Δρｇｚ）が均衡をなすように形成される。これは、下記の式（１）の静力学的零-ラプラスの方程式で表現される。
The viscosity measurement method using the ratio of the dynamic curvature change rate and the static curvature change rate of the droplet according to the present invention obtains information necessary for viscosity measurement by analyzing the interface shape of the droplet.
The interface shape of the droplet in the static state is the height (z) due to the capillary force (σκ) generated by the surface tension (σ) and the curvature (κ) of the interface, and the density difference (Δρ) between the liquid picking and the outside air. The water head pressure (Δρgz) generated in proportion to is balanced. This is expressed by the static zero-Laplace equation of equation (1) below.
前記式（１）中、 In the formula (1),
は、高さ方向の界面の曲率変化率で、下付き文字ｓは、静的状態を意味する。静的状態の液滴を撮影して得た界面の形状から曲率変化率を計算し、これを式（１）に代入して表面張力と密度差との比を得る。界面形状から曲率変化率を得る方法には、数値解析法、摂動法、または液滴の幅と高さを利用する方法など、多様な方法がある。 Is the curvature change rate of the interface in the height direction, and the subscript s means a static state. The curvature change rate is calculated from the shape of the interface obtained by photographing the droplet in the static state, and this is substituted into the equation (1) to obtain the ratio between the surface tension and the density difference. There are various methods for obtaining the curvature change rate from the interface shape, such as a numerical analysis method, a perturbation method, or a method using the width and height of a droplet.
本発明の粘度測定方法によれば、液滴を固有振動数で振動させ、振動する液滴を瞬間撮影して液滴の界面形状を分析する。液滴は、振動する器具の下に 垂れ下がった形態（ｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ ｄｒｏｐ）であるか、または振動する底部の上に置かれた形態（ｓｅｓｓｉｌｅ ｄｒｏｐ）でありうる。液滴は、振動しながら垂直に伸びられ（ｐｒｏｌａｔｅ）、続いて水平に伸びられる（ｏｂｌａｔｅ）過程を繰り返すようになるが、このときに変形された液滴を撮影して界面形状分析を行うと、動的状態の液滴界面の曲率変化率を求めることができる。前記動的状態の液滴曲率変化率を下記の式（２）に代入すると、表面張力と同じ単位を有する新しいパラメータ（σｄ）を求めることができる。 According to the viscosity measuring method of the present invention, the droplet is vibrated at the natural frequency, and the vibrating droplet is instantaneously photographed to analyze the interface shape of the droplet. The droplets can be in the form of a pendant drop under the vibrating instrument, or in the form of a sessile drop placed on the vibrating bottom. The liquid droplets are vertically stretched while being vibrated, and then repeat the process of horizontally stretching. When an interface shape analysis is performed by photographing the deformed liquid droplets at this time, The curvature change rate of the droplet interface in the dynamic state can be obtained. By substituting the droplet curvature change rate in the dynamic state into the following equation (2), a new parameter (σd) having the same unit as the surface tension can be obtained.
前記式（２）中、下付き文字ｄは、動的（ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ）状態を意味する。このように求めた新しいパラメータは、既存に存在する物理的性質を表すものではなく、本明細書では、動的曲率張力（ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ ｃｕｒｖａｔｕｒｅ ｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ）と定義する。 In the formula (2), the subscript d means a dynamic state. The new parameter obtained in this way does not represent an existing physical property, and is defined as a dynamic curvature tension in this specification.
動的曲率張力は、液滴の粘度に敏感に変わることに対し、使用された液滴の体積変化には、ほとんど影響を受けない。また、使用された液滴の表面張力が変わる場合には、動的曲率張力もやはり変化するが、下記の式（３）に定義された動的曲率張力と静的状態での実際表面張力との比（σｄ／σ）は、ほとんど変わらないながら、粘度によってのみ影響を受ける。下記の式（３）のように、この値は、動的曲率変化率と静的曲率変化率との比と同じくなるので、液体の粘度、表面張力、及び重力に関係のない無次元数となる。 Dynamic curvature tension changes sensitively to the viscosity of the drop, whereas it is almost unaffected by changes in the volume of the drop used. Further, when the surface tension of the used droplet changes, the dynamic curvature tension also changes, but the dynamic curvature tension defined in the following formula (3) and the actual surface tension in the static state The ratio of (σ d / σ) is influenced only by the viscosity, while hardly changing. Since this value is the same as the ratio of the dynamic curvature change rate and the static curvature change rate, as shown in the following equation (3), the dimensionless number not related to the viscosity, surface tension, and gravity of the liquid Become.
よって、本発明の粘度測定方法を利用すると、測定時に使用する振動子の振幅に対して予め補正により粘度に応じる曲率変化率の比、 Therefore, using the viscosity measurement method of the present invention, the ratio of the curvature change rate according to the viscosity by correction in advance with respect to the amplitude of the vibrator used at the time of measurement,
を測定した後、下記の式（４）の予め補正された相関式として貯蔵しておく。 Is measured and stored as a pre-corrected correlation equation of the following equation (4).
そして、新しい流体の粘度を測定する時には、静的状態で液滴の界面形状を分析して And when measuring the viscosity of a new fluid, analyze the interface shape of the droplet in a static state.
を得、振動状態で液滴の界面形状分析から From the interface shape analysis of the droplets in the vibration state
を得て、振動子に対して予め補正された相関式、すなわち式（４）にて使用された液滴の体積変化と表面張力変化に関わらず、正確な粘度を測定できる。
本発明の方法において、曲率変化率の比と粘度の関係が使用された液滴の体積変化と表面張力の変化に関係がないかを検証するために、各パラメータに対してパーマメータ研究（ｐａｒａｍｅｔｒｉｃ ｓｔｕｄｙ）を行った。
Thus, the accurate viscosity can be measured regardless of the correlation equation corrected in advance with respect to the vibrator, that is, the volume change and the surface tension change of the droplet used in Equation (4).
In the method of the present invention, in order to verify whether the relationship between the ratio of the rate of curvature change and the viscosity is not related to the volume change of the droplet used and the change in surface tension, a parametric study is performed for each parameter. study).
ところが、実験により液滴の振動に影響を及ぼす要素の粘度、表面張力、体積などをそれぞれ独立的に変化させることが事実上不可能であるから、数値解析を利用して液滴の振動をシミュレーションし、各々の要素を独立的に変化させてその影響を検討した。 However, since it is virtually impossible to change the viscosity, surface tension, volume, etc. of the elements that affect the vibration of the droplets independently through experiments, numerical simulation is used to simulate the vibration of the droplets. Then, each element was changed independently and the effect was examined.
まず、体積の影響を検討するために、表面張力が０．０６Ｎ／ｍである流体を９μＬ、１０μＬ、１１μＬに体積を変化させながら振動結果を比較してみた。
図１に示すように、液滴の振幅を検討すると、粘度に応じて液滴の振幅が変わるが、使用された液滴の体積にも敏感に変わるのを確認することができる。これに対して、図２に示すように、動的曲率張力は、粘度には敏感に変わるが、使用された液滴の体積には、ほとんど影響を受けない。
First, in order to examine the influence of volume, the vibration results were compared while changing the volume of a fluid having a surface tension of 0.06 N / m to 9 μL, 10 μL, and 11 μL.
As shown in FIG. 1, when the amplitude of the droplet is examined, it can be confirmed that the droplet amplitude changes depending on the viscosity, but also sensitively changes to the volume of the used droplet. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the dynamic curvature tension changes sensitively to the viscosity, but is hardly affected by the volume of the used droplet.
次に、表面張力の影響を検討するために、１０μＬの液滴を０．０５４Ｎ／ｍ、０．０６Ｎ／ｍ、０．０６６Ｎ／ｍに表面張力を変化させながら振動結果を比較してみた。
図３に示すように、動的曲率張力は、表面張力に応じて敏感に変わる。これに対し、図４に示すように、動的曲率張力と表面張力との比は、粘度には敏感に変わるが、表面張力にはほとんど影響を受けない。
Next, in order to examine the influence of the surface tension, the vibration results of 10 μL droplets were compared while changing the surface tension to 0.054 N / m, 0.06 N / m, and 0.066 N / m.
As shown in FIG. 3, the dynamic curvature tension changes sensitively according to the surface tension. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the ratio of the dynamic curvature tension to the surface tension changes sensitively to the viscosity, but is hardly affected by the surface tension.
Claims (4)
（ｉｉ）振動子を使用して前記液滴を振動させて、前記液滴が水平方向に最大に伸びられるか、または垂直方向に最大に伸びられた動的状態の映像を獲得するステップと、
（ｉｉｉ）前記（ｉ）ステップ及び（ｉｉ）ステップで得た映像から前記液滴界面の静的曲率変化率と動的曲率変化率とを得るステップと、
（ｉｖ）下記の式（３）を利用して求めた前記液滴界面の静的曲率変化率と動的曲率変化率との比を、下記の式（４）の前記振動子に対して補正された相関式に代入して、前記液滴の粘度を求めるステップとを含む、
粘度測定方法。 (I) obtaining an image of a droplet in a static state without vibration;
(Ii) vibrating the droplet using a vibrator to obtain an image of a dynamic state in which the droplet is stretched to the maximum in the horizontal direction or stretched to the maximum in the vertical direction;
(Iii) obtaining a static curvature change rate and a dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface from the images obtained in the steps (i) and (ii);
(Iv) The ratio of the static curvature change rate and the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface obtained using the following formula (3) is corrected for the vibrator of the following formula (4). Substituting into the calculated correlation equation, and determining the viscosity of the droplets,
Viscosity measurement method.
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