JP6543006B2 - Tea pest control method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests of tea for controlling or controlling pests in tea trees.

  Since various diseases and pests occur in fields such as tea gardens, control of diseases and pests is essential for the healthy cultivation of tea trees, and conventionally, in tea producers, medicines of appropriate types and amounts at appropriate times. It coped by performing the dispersion.

  With regard to a method for controlling tea by such a drug dispersion, for example, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-31350), in the control or control operation of shellworms adhering to branches etc. in tea tree As a device for evenly and efficiently distributing in a short time, a large number of nozzles are provided on the lower surface of a substantially arc-like substrate provided with a grip portion to supply a drug to each nozzle, A spraying device is disclosed.

  In addition, in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-289057), a plucking mechanism which is moved along a teacup and picks tea leaves, and a drug attaching means for sticking a drug to a tea tree are integrally configured. There is disclosed a method for controlling pests of a tea tree by a tea leaf picking apparatus, wherein the drug adhesion means causes a drug to be attached to a tea tree cut end immediately after the tea leaves are picked and picked up.

  By the way, since control methods using chemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides are concerned about adverse effects on human health and environmental pollution, in recent years, pests and diseases are controlled with little or no chemical fertilizers or pesticides. A method has been proposed. In particular, regarding tea, about 100 pesticide components are currently set for tea in Japan, but in other countries, pesticide components are not approved, or residual pesticide standards are set extremely low. In many cases, considering the export of tea, it was urgent to consider control methods that do not use pesticides.

  Therefore, for example, while spreading warm water to the field which gave special maintenance to patent document 3 (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2016-152794), when the egg, the larva, and the adult insect of a pest adhere to the leaf of agricultural products. There is disclosed a hot water control method for controlling pests and diseases by spraying an organic farming solution on leaves.

  According to Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2016-158522), a wetness degree sensor is provided at a position close to a parasitic environment of a moisture-affected pest in a farmland, and water is sprinkled in the farmland according to the detection value of the wetness degree sensor. There is disclosed a method of controlling a moisture arid pest characterized in that a repellant situation and / or a condition in which it is difficult to survive the moisture arid pest are characterized.

  Moreover, as a control method which does not use an agrochemical, for example, in patent document 5 (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2011-212012), the saturated steam flow adjusted to the required temperature in the processing space surrounding plant seedlings is the upper side of said plant seedlings. A method for controlling pests of plant seedlings, characterized in that the plant seedlings are exposed to flow in a horizontal direction, and the plant seedlings are exposed to the saturated steam flow only for a time not There is.

  In Non-Patent Document 1, when plants such as strawberries are heated to a temperature of 40 to 50 ° C. for several tens of seconds to several minutes, the plants react in various ways to induce disease resistance, for example, powdery mildew etc. It is disclosed that there is a phenomenon that makes it difficult to get sick of

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-31350 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 7-289057 JP, 2016-152794, A JP, 2016-158522, A JP, 2011-212012, A

Sato Tatsuo "About the control of plant diseases using heat shock treatment" Vegetable information. February 2013 issue

Among permanent crops, tea is a special kind of crop, and has characteristics of harvesting tea leaves several times a year. The plucking time differs depending on the region. For example, in Shizuoka Prefecture, after plucking the first tea from mid April to the middle of May, about 45 to 50 days after the first tea plucking, the next sprout passes It is normal to wait for growth and then pluck the second tea, and then wait about three months until the fall and then pluck the fall winter tea.
Thus, with regard to tea trees harvested several times during one year, it is necessary to carry out control several times each time the plucking time is taken, so the third tea, fourth banch, autumn-winter bancha, and so on in the second half of the plucking time will be the previous tea season. There were cases where pesticides applied to the plant remained and the types and concentrations of pesticides contained in tea leaves increased. Moreover, since the number of times of use of the agrochemicals increases, there may be a case where it costs more than general crops. Therefore, an effective new pest control method has been required without using pesticides.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a new tea pest control method capable of controlling tea pests more effectively with respect to a tea pest control method using heated water without using a pesticide. It is.

  The present invention proposes a method for controlling pests of tea characterized by carrying out a treatment in which heated misty water is brought into contact with tea leaves so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C to 55 ° C.

  According to the method for controlling pests of tea proposed by the present invention, it is possible to effectively control pests of tea using heated water without using a pesticide.

  Next, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

<This control method>
The pest control method for tea according to an example of the embodiment of the present invention (referred to as “the present control method”) is a mist of water heated to a surface temperature of the tea leaf of 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. It is a control method of tea characterized by performing processing which makes a tea leaf contact "mist".

(Target tea)
The tea targeted by the present control method may be any tea that is cultivated for the purpose of extracting the picked tea leaves or processed products of tea leaves into a liquid and drinking the liquid. The tea may be cultivated for the purpose of eating the picked tea leaves.
Specifically, there can be mentioned, for example, green tea, green tea, gyokuro, oolong tea, black tea, and tea for cultivating other teas for beverages.

(Target disease, insect damage)
Examples of diseases to which the present control method can be applied include, for example, anthracnose, rot blotch, leaf blight, net blight and scab. Examples of insect pests that may be used as insect pests include, but are not limited to, green leafhopper (hereinafter referred to as "unca"), spider spider mite, giant leaf beetle, leafhopper thistle, leaf beetle, leafhopper, and the like. However, it does not limit to these.

(Heating mist)
The water of the heating mist may be water such as tap water or well water.
A drug can also be added as needed.

The temperature of the heating mist is preferably adjusted to 45 ° C to 55 ° C. A temperature of 45 ° C. or higher is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while a temperature of 55 ° C. or lower can prevent the occurrence of heat damage.
From this point of view, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the misty water to be brought into contact with the tea leaf to 45 ° C to 55 ° C, in particular 47 ° C or more or 54 ° C or less, in particular 50 ° C or more or 53 ° C or less preferable.

  In the method of atomizing or misting the water, the heated water may be atomized, or the atomized water may be heated. Specifically, there can be mentioned, for example, a method of cooling water vapor obtained by a boiler, and a method of dispersing fine water droplets in hot air. However, it is not limited to these methods.

(Method to bring heated mist into contact with tea leaves or tea trees)
The heating mist is preferably brought into contact with the tea leaf in the surface part of the foliage layer of at least the tea tree and the tea leaf, and is further preferably brought into contact with the tea leaf in the bud part to be plucked.
By contacting the tea leaves on the surface of the foliage layer, it is possible to control conidia and pests of diseases that are present around the sprout and affect its growth and quality. In addition, by contacting with the tea leaf of the bud part to be plucked, it is possible to control bud directly.
Among them, contact with the cut surface of the stem is preferable, and contact with a young leaf in which hair follicles are present is preferable. In addition, it is preferable to contact the hardened leaf which is generally lower than the plucked surface, which is generally referred to as "parent leaf", and further to contact the branch, and further to contact the trunk. preferable.
Control of the rot blotch can be effectively performed by bringing the heating mist into contact with the cut surface of the stem, and control of the anthracnose can be effectively controlled by contact also to the young leaf where hair follicles exist Can. Moreover, the conidia and pest adhering to them can be controlled by making a heating mist also contact a parent leaf, a branch, and a trunk.

Preferably, the heating mist is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C to 55 ° C.
When the surface temperature of the tea leaf is 45 ° C. or higher, it is effective for controlling diseases and pests, while when it is 55 ° C. or less, the occurrence of thermal injury can be prevented.
From this point of view, it is preferable to make the surface temperature of the tea leaf 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. when the heating mist is brought into contact with the tea leaf or tea tree, and particularly 46 ° C. or more or 53 ° C. or less, among them 50 ° C. or more It is particularly preferable to set the temperature to 52 ° C. or less.
Under the present circumstances, the surface temperature of a tea leaf can be adjusted with the temperature and contact time of heating mist.

The contact time of the heated mist to be brought into contact with the tea leaves (referred to simply as "contact time") is preferably adjusted in relation to the temperature of the water.
As a guide, the temperature of water to be brought into contact with tea leaves and the tea leaves so that the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is 45 ° C. × 6 S to 55 ° C. × 15 S It is preferable to adjust the contact time of the water to be brought into contact.
For example, heat damage can be prevented while obtaining an excellent control effect by treating a 45 ° C. heating mist so as to contact a tea leaf in a contact time of 6 seconds or less. On the other hand, if it is less than 15 seconds in contact, processing time equivalent to the conventional control method can be made.
From this point of view, the product (A × h) of the temperature (A) of the heating mist and the contact time (h) is preferably 45 ° C. × 6 S to 55 ° C. × 15 S, and particularly 46 ° C. × 6 S or more or 53 ° C. It is particularly preferable to adjust so as to be × 12S or less, in particular, 50 ° C. × 3 S or more or 52 ° C. × 10 S or less.

  Furthermore, {temperature A (° C.)-30 ° C. of heating mist} 2 × {time h (seconds) of bringing heating mist into contact with tea leaf} 100 is 50 or less, in particular 10 or more, 40 or less, 12 or more among them By adjusting the temperature A (° C.) of water to be brought into contact with the tea leaf and the time h (seconds) to bring the heated leaf into contact with the tea leaf, the control effect can be obtained in a shorter time.

(Control treatment time)
From the viewpoint of effectively controlling anthracnose and Botrytis or the like, the above-mentioned treatment, that is, the treatment in which heated misty water is brought into contact with tea leaves, is within 2 weeks from the time when tea leaves are picked or trimmed. It is preferable to carry out within one week, and more preferably within one day.

In addition, if the plucking of the said tea leaf is plucking for harvesting a tea leaf, it will not specifically limit. Among them, it is preferable to use plucking to harvest the first or second tea.
Moreover, the trimming of the said tea leaf means the cutting operation of the plucked surface performed after picking up a tea leaf. Among them, it is preferable that the first branch after tea-picking or the second branch after tea-picking.

Among the above, it is preferable to apply after plucking of the first tea and before plucking of the second tea. However, it may be carried out before plucking of the first tea, or may be carried out after plucking of the second tea.
Among them, it is preferable to carry out during the day of plucking of tea No. 1 to 14 days, and among them, it is more preferable to carry out between the day of plucking and 7 days, and more particularly, between the day of plucking and 3 days or less.
Plucking causes damage to the tea plant, so conidia etc. of rot disease may enter from the wound. Therefore, it is preferable to control immediately after tea-plucking, and it is also possible to reduce conidia of anthracnose disease before sprouting and to reduce planthoppers.

  Furthermore, from the viewpoint of preventing the occurrence of anthrax and planthoppers, the most effective second crop is the sprouting of the second tea bud from 10 days to 25 days from the first tea picking day, especially from 15 days to 20 days from the picking day It is particularly preferred to carry out during the

  On the other hand, from the viewpoint of preventing the gonorrhea and the like, since the injured part by the blade of the plucking machine which is likely to become the infection source of the gonorrhea becomes the infected part, the above-mentioned treated water mist is brought into contact with the tea leaf. Preferably, the treatment is carried out within 24 hours, especially within 18 hours, and more preferably within 12 hours from the time of plucking or arranging the tea leaves.

<Production method of tea>
Tea trees are grown while applying this control method, and 2-4 of Ichibancha (3-May), Nibancha (Ju-July), Sanbancha (July-August), Fall-Winter Bancha (Autumn) Plucking should be done at intervals and intervals.
For example, in Kagoshima prefecture, the first tea plucking period is from the middle of April to the end of May, and it takes about 45 to 50 days after the first tea plucking to wait for the next sprout to grow, and then take the second tea It is usual to pluck the third tea in 40 to 45 days after plucking, and pluck the fourth tea in 50 to 60 days after the third plucking.

  Plucked tea leaves are steamed with steam in a rough tea factory to inactivate (oxidize) oxidative enzymes contained in fresh tea leaves, then roasted with crude koji, roasted egg, medium koji and semidzu, etc. After being processed to rough tea through the process of (1), it may be further processed according to the use.

<Explanation of the phrase>
In the present specification, when expressing as “X to Y” (X and Y are arbitrary numbers), “preferably greater than X” or “preferably Y” with the meaning of “X or more and Y or less” unless otherwise stated. Also includes the meaning of "smaller".
Also, when expressed as “X or more” (X is an arbitrary number) or “Y or less” (Y is an arbitrary number), “greater than X is preferable” or “preferably less than Y” It also includes the intention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples and comparative examples.

<Test 1>
At the budding stage of tea No. 1 which is most vulnerable to the external environment, misty water of different temperatures (heated mist) was sprayed onto the tea tree to verify the conditions that would not cause thermal injury.

  In a field in Shizuoka Prefecture, a heated mist of 40 to 65 ° C is prepared for tea variety "Yabukita", and this is used for 3 seconds to 3 seconds using a commercially available nozzle (20 heads) used for tea control. It sprayed with respect to tea trees and tea leaves for 10 seconds, and measured the surface temperature (leaf surface temperature) of tea leaves and observed the presence or absence of a thermal injury.

At this time, the misty water at 40 to 65 ° C. is mixed with water vapor generated using a commercially available boiler SB-110 (manufactured by Marubun Mfg. Co., Ltd.) and the air in a mixer, and a mixed gas of the vapor air released from the nozzle The temperature of the mixture was measured, and the amount of air taken in by the mixer was adjusted based on the measured temperature to obtain misty water of the target temperature, ie, heated mist.
Moreover, the leaf surface temperature of the tea leaf measured the surface temperature of the parent leaf located on the leaf layer surface using the infrared rays radiation thermometer (SK-8700II, made by Sato measuring instrument factory).
Determination of the presence or absence of thermal injury is as follows: when the condition in which leaf growth does not progress is observed, for example, the leaves fall to melt or the leaves turn red and black, and so on If such a condition is observed for only a part, the thermal injury is determined to be "partially present", and if such a condition is not observed anywhere, the thermal injury is determined to be "none" did.

<Result>
At a heating mist temperature of 40 to 50 ° C., no thermal damage occurred even when applied for a long time (10 seconds), but at 55 ° C., a partial thermal damage occurred in 10 seconds. When the temperature exceeded 60 ° C., thermal damage occurred in a shorter time.
The treatment time of control is desired to be shorter than 6 seconds from the viewpoint of work efficiency, but thermal injury occurs when contacting with heating mist at 60 ° C for 3 seconds, so 6 seconds at 55 ° C is considered as the limit Be

<Test 2>
It verified about the suitable time to implement the control process to which the heated misty water (heated mist) contacts a tea leaf.

In a field in Shizuoka prefecture, 50 degrees C of heated mist prepared in the same manner as in Test 1 is sprayed onto tea cultivar "Yabukita" for 6 seconds in the same manner as in Test 1 for 50 seconds to the leaf surface temperature. Within 24 hours (May 7), one leaf stage (May 21), trifoliate after the first tea-plucking (April 23) and the trimming treatment to control the temperature to be ° C. The project was implemented each on June 13 (June 13).
And, on the date of plucking of the second tea (June 26), the presence or absence of "anthracnose", which is likely to occur in the second tea in Yabuta, and "leprosy" and "pest", which are highly susceptible to Yanobuta It observed, and when not generating each, it determined with "O", and when generation was confirmed, it determined with "x".

<Result>
The test areas 12 to 18 were able to obtain the same control effect as conventional control, and it was confirmed that steam control was effective at any time.
On the other hand, in the test area 19 which is a non-treatment area, 1 core 4-5 leaf which becomes the second tea had remarkable damage of the planthopper and 90% was damaged. Therefore, although it was not possible to directly confirm the occurrence of anthracnose and Botrytis, the occurrence of anthracnose and blotch was seen at the end of the eyebrows and the like where conventional control was insufficient in the surrounding fields. The Considering that spreading of conidia by raindrops and spreading of conidia by rain and conidia adhesion to a plucking machine are considered to be anthracnose, the control treatment to make the heated mist contact tea leaves is effective I found that.

Next, we will examine the flow until the onset of each disease and the time when steam control is most preferable.
Anthracnose is a disease that infects from hair follicles in young shoots, and develops after an incubation period of 14 to 20 days (minimum 8 to 15 days) after adhesion to hair follicles.
It has been found that it is most effective to carry out such anthracnose control methods at the leaf opening stage (within two weeks after the first tea-plucking or trimming) of the shoots with hair follicles.
On the other hand, the rot blotch is a disease which is mainly transmitted from the side of injury at the time of plucking. Conidia germinate 2-3 hours after attachment and develop after a 5-10 day incubation period. In conventional practice control, it is necessary to perform control (application of drug) within one day after plucking, and it has been said that the effect decreases as the period goes on.
It is considered that it is most effective to carry out within one day of plucking or trimming for controlling the rot blotch.
In order to suck only young shoots, it is most effective to carry out plantar during the leaf opening stage (within 2 weeks after the first tea picking) of shoots.

The control process which makes heating mist contact a tea leaf thru | or a tea tree is effective even if it performs outside said period (test area 13, 14 grade | etc.,), And it can think about these as follows.
Pesticides are roughly divided into "prophylactic agents" and "therapeutic agents." Within 1 day from the above plucking and within 2 weeks from the first tea, etc. are all aimed at "prevention", and it is based on the idea that preventing onset of diseases leads to obtaining tea leaves of good quality. However, although a control agent is used in conventional control because the disease may develop even if the control is performed, the use time of pesticides is clearly decided, and the preventive agents are generally a therapeutic agent up to 30 days before second tea plucking Generally, it can be used only up to 14 days before the second tea plucking. Therefore, until a certain period of plucking, pesticides can not be sprayed until now and disease has spread. However, according to the control process in which the heating mist is brought into contact with the tea leaves or tea trees, no pesticides are used, so that it can be treated at a necessary time.

<Test 3>
The relationship between the leaf surface temperature and the control effect when the heated misty water (heated mist) was brought into contact with the tea leaves was verified.

In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, for the tea variety "Yabukita", the heating mist of the temperature in Table 3 prepared in the same manner as in Test 1 is the treatment time shown in Table 3 for tea trees and tea leaves in the same manner as in Test 1. The control process which only injects and makes leaf surface temperature the temperature shown in Table 3 was implemented within 24 hours (August 1) after 3rd tea picking.
And, on the 4th tea-picking day (October 2), observe the presence or absence of the occurrence of "Anthrax disease", "Ryoputa disease" and "Pest", and if it does not occur respectively, determine it as "O", When occurrence was confirmed, it was judged as "x".

<Result>
From the above examples and the test results obtained by the present invention, it is possible to control tea pests by bringing heated mist into contact with tea trees and tea leaves so that the surface temperature of the tea leaves is 45 ° C. or higher. I understood.
In addition, since thermal injury occurred in the test area 32, when the steam temperature is 50 to 55 ° C, {temperature A (° C) of heating mist-30 ° C} ^ 2 × {time to contact heating mist with tea leaf h (seconds It has been found that if the weir 100 is 50 or less, the control effect can be obtained in a shorter treatment time, and furthermore, no thermal damage occurs.

<Test 4>
The relationship between the leaf surface temperature and the treatment frequency and the pest control effect when the heated misty water (heated mist) was brought into contact with the tea leaves was verified.

In the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, for the tea variety "Yabukita", the heating mist of the temperature in Table 5 prepared in the same manner as in Test 1 is the treatment time shown in Table 4 for tea trees and tea leaves in the same manner as in Test 1. After the second tea-plucking, a treatment was carried out so that the leaf surface temperature was as shown in Table 4 by spraying only 11 times, and a total of 11 times were carried out every 10 days (June 13th-October 13th).
On August 22, the treatment period, pest traps (Bug-Scan, manufactured by Biobest, 10 cm × 13 cm) were installed at three locations in each test area, and collected on October 13. Thereafter, the number of pests attached to the trap was counted, and the pest control effect on tea trees and tea leaves was verified. The results are shown in Table 4.
As for pests, we selected the representative pest in tea leaves or tea trees, and used the average number of individuals of tea leafworms attached to three pest traps set up in each test area to control pest control effects. Judged the presence or absence of

<Result>
Since the average number of individuals of the green tea leafhopper is lower than that of the test areas where conventional control was performed in all the test areas in which the heating mist was brought into contact with the tea tree and tea leaves, the heating mist was used for the tea tree and It was confirmed that an insect repellent effect can be obtained by contacting with tea leaves.

Claims (8)

  The pest control method of tea characterized in that heated misty water mixed with steam and air is brought into contact with tea leaves or tea trees so that the surface temperature of tea leaves is 45 ° C. to 55 ° C. Method.   The pest control method for tea pests according to claim 1, wherein mist-like water adjusted to 45 ° C to 55 ° C, which is a mixture of steam generated using a boiler and the atmosphere, is brought into contact with tea leaves.   {Temperature of misty water to be brought into contact with tea leaves (° C)-30 ° C} ^ 2 × {Contact time of misty water to be brought into contact with tea leaves (seconds)} Contact with tea leaves so that ÷ 100 is 50 or less The pest control method for tea according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature (° C) of the misty water to be caused to come into contact and the contact time (seconds) of the misty water to be brought into contact with the tea leaves are adjusted.   The pest according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the above-mentioned treatment is performed in which heated misty water is brought into contact with the tea leaves within 2 weeks after plucking or arranging of the tea leaves. Control method.   The pest according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the above-mentioned treatment is performed in which heated misty water is brought into contact with tea leaves within 24 hours from plucking or arranging of tea leaves. Control method.   The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the plucking of the tea leaves is plucking for harvesting the first tea or the second tea.   The method for controlling pests of tea according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the above-mentioned "teaching" means the tea-making after the first tea picking or the second-tea picking after the second tea picking.   The manufacturing method of the tea using the pest control method of the tea in any one of Claims 1-7.