JP6765402B2 - 電解質組成物及びその応用 - Google Patents
電解質組成物及びその応用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6765402B2 JP6765402B2 JP2018207234A JP2018207234A JP6765402B2 JP 6765402 B2 JP6765402 B2 JP 6765402B2 JP 2018207234 A JP2018207234 A JP 2018207234A JP 2018207234 A JP2018207234 A JP 2018207234A JP 6765402 B2 JP6765402 B2 JP 6765402B2
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 98
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical class O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000000565 5-membered heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000000644 6-membered heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical class CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxepan-2-one Chemical class O=C1OCCCCO1 VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 20
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910014299 N-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000000660 7-membered heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000000537 4-membered heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020175 SiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 101150004907 litaf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001391 thioamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Description
LiPF6→LiF+PF5。
ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウムは、電解質溶液中の微量の水とも反応し得る:
LiPF6+H2O→2HF+LF+POF3。
(a)それぞれが-Si(R1)3基[式中、R1はC1〜3アルキル基又はアリール基である]に結合している少なくとも2個の窒素原子;及び
(b)少なくとも1個のカルボニル基(C=O)又はチオカルボニル基(C=S)
を含む。
本開示の複素環式化合物は、安定性を維持しながら電池性能を維持することができ、電解質添加剤としての使用に好適である。
の構造を有する4〜7員複素環式化合物である。
*-N-Si(R1)3+H2O→(R1)3SiOH+*-N-H 化合物(1)
*-N-Si(R1)3+HF→(R1)3SiF+*-N-H 化合物(1)
の構造を有する。
電解質塩は、電池の正極と負極との間で電荷を移動させるように機能する。本開示で使用する好適な電解質塩は特に限定されず、主として電気化学デバイス又は電気化学電池の種類に応じて決定される。
本開示の電解質組成物中の溶媒は特に限定されず、当業者に公知の任意の好適な非水系の有機溶媒であり得る。
本開示の実施形態によれば、本開示の電解質組成物は、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、1,3-プロパンスルトン、1,3-プロペンスルトン、γ-ブチロラクトン、1,4-ブタンスルトン及びこれらの組み合わせから選択される少なくとも1種の添加剤を更に含んでもよい。
上述のように、本開示の電解質組成物は複素環式化合物、電解質塩及び溶媒を含む。
本開示は、前述の電解質組成物の電気化学デバイスでの使用、及び前述の電解質組成物を含む電気化学デバイスを提供する。
1ppm未満の含水量及び5ppm未満の酸素含量を有する不活性な環境で、37.5質量部の溶媒エチレンカーボネート(EC)を37.5質量部のジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とよく混合した。混合溶媒に、15質量部のヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウムを徐々に添加し、それが完全に溶解するまで撹拌して混合溶液を得た。2質量部のTable 1(表1)に列挙した複素環式化合物(合成でも市販でよい)及び8質量部のフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)を混合溶液に添加し、よく混合して、実施例及び比較例の電解質組成物を得た。
1.水分試験
本開示で含水量を決定するために使用した方法は、従来のカールフィッシャー法である。実施例及び比較例で調製した電解質組成物を無色透明な試薬びんに配置し、電解質組成物中の含水量を、30℃で0時間及び48時間貯蔵後に、カールフィッシャー法によって決定した。試験結果をTable 1(表1)に示す。
実施例及び比較例で調製した電解質組成物を、60℃で10日間炉に移動した。高温での貯蔵後に観察した電解質溶液の状態を、図1に示し、Table 1(表1)に報告する。
1.負極の調製
83.7質量部の人造黒鉛(T8;Tianjin Jinmei社)、0.5質量部の導電性カーボンブラック(Taiwan Maxwave Co.,Ltd.からのSuper P)、9.3質量部のケイ素粉末(AUO Crystal Corp.供給のAN1720)、1質量部のグラフェン(Eternal Materials Co.,Ltd.製造)、2.4質量部のバインダースチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR;JSR社供給のTRD104N)、0.6質量部の増粘剤カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC;Ashland社供給のBVH8)及び2.5質量部のポリアクリル酸(PAA;Eternal Materials Co.,Ltd.製造のEtersol-1730)を十分撹拌して脱イオン水によく混合し、負極材のスラリーを生成した。
電池性能はArbin Instruments社から入手可能な充放電機(モデル:LBT21084)を使用して測定した。
予備プロセス:
充電:電池を0.1Cの定電流で10時間充電し、次に0.01Vの定電圧で1時間充電した。
放電:電池を0.1Cの電流で10時間放電した。
最初及び50番目のサイクルの放電容量:
充電:電池を0.2Cの定電流で5時間充電し、次に0.01Vの定電圧で1時間充電した。
放電:電池を0.5Cの電流で2時間放電した。
Claims (11)
- 複素環式化合物、電解質塩及び溶媒を含む電解質組成物であって、
複素環式化合物が、
(a) それぞれが-Si(R1)3基[式中、R1はC1〜3アルキル基又はアリール基である]に結合している少なくとも2個の窒素原子;及び
(b) 少なくとも1個のカルボニル基又はチオカルボニル基
をその複素環中に含み、かつ、
複素環式化合物が、5又は6員複素環式化合物である、電解質組成物。 - R1が、メチル又はエチル基である、請求項1に記載の電解質組成物。
- 複素環式化合物の含量が、電解質組成物の総質量に対して0.01〜5質量%の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。
- 添加剤を更に含み、添加剤が、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、1,3-プロパンスルトン、1,3-プロペンスルトン、γ-ブチロラクトン、1,4-ブタンスルトン又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。
- 添加剤の含量が、電解質組成物の総質量に対して0.5〜10質量%の範囲である、請求項4に記載の電解質組成物。
- 電解質塩の質量パーセント濃度が、7〜30質量%の範囲である、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。
- 電解質塩が、リチウム塩を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。
- リチウム塩が、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(LiPF6)、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiN(SO2CF3)3、LiN(SO2F)2、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項7に記載の電解質組成物。
- 溶媒が、環状カーボネートと鎖状カーボネートとの混合により形成された非水系の有機溶媒であり、
環状カーボネートが、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート又はこれらの組み合わせを含み、
鎖状カーボネートが、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。 - 複素環式化合物が、その複素環中に、それぞれがC1〜3アルキル基に結合している1個又は2個の炭素原子を更に含む、請求項1又は2に記載の電解質組成物。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の電解質組成物の、電気化学デバイスにおける使用。
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