JP6873016B2 - Fire experiment equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fire experiment facility in which a fire experiment is conducted.

Conventionally, a fire experiment facility for conducting a fire experiment has been known for the purpose of preparing for an actual fire. The fire experiment facility is equipped with an experimental site having an experimental space surrounded by walls and a ceiling. Smoke is generated when a fire experiment is conducted in the laboratory. Since the generated smoke may have an adverse effect on the environment, it is required to prevent it from leaking to the outside of the experimental site. For the purpose of preventing the generated smoke from leaking to the outside of the experimental site, Patent Document 1 discloses a flue gas treatment system that detoxifies the smoke generated in the fire drill facility and releases it to the atmosphere. At the fire drill facility, a fire is ignited on a fire demonstration table placed on the floor and experiments are conducted. In Patent Document 1, smoke in a fire drill facility is sucked by a blower (fan) from a smoke exhaust port formed on the ceiling of the fire drill facility. The sucked smoke is detoxified by removing dust and the like by a dust collector and released into the atmosphere. The side of the fire drill facility is covered with a shutter that can be opened and closed.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-12942

However, in the smoke exhaust treatment system disclosed in Patent Document 1, when smoke leaks from the shutter, it flows out of the experimental site as it is. This can have a negative impact on the environment. In addition, if a smoke exhaust treatment device that sucks and exhausts the smoke generated in the experimental site is provided, the air flow is generated by sucking the smoke, which affects the movement of flames and smoke. This reduces the accuracy of the analysis of the fire experiment.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a fire experiment facility for suppressing smoke from flowing out of the experimental site even if smoke leaks from the shutter. Further, the present invention provides a fire experiment facility capable of conducting a more accurate fire experiment by avoiding the flow of air generated by exhausting smoke as much as possible in the experimental site.

The fire experiment facility according to the present invention includes an experimental space surrounded by walls and a ceiling where a fire experiment is conducted, and a smoke exhaust space in which a smoke exhaust port is formed outside the experimental space to discharge smoke generated by the experiment. A fan that sucks in air from the smoke exhaust space, an openable and closable inner shutter provided at the boundary between the experimental space and the smoke exhaust space, and an openable inner shutter provided at the boundary between the smoke exhaust space and the outside of the experimental site. It is equipped with an outer shutter that can be opened and closed.

Further, the airtightness of the inner shutter is higher than that of the outer shutter.

Further, it is further provided with a shutter retainer which is attached to the inner shutter and suppresses the shaking of the inner shutter.

According to the present invention, a smoke exhaust space in which a smoke exhaust port is formed is arranged outside the experimental space, and the smoke exhaust space is sandwiched between an inner shutter and an outer shutter. Therefore, even if smoke leaks from the inner shutter, the leaked smoke is discharged from the smoke exhaust space through the smoke exhaust port. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the smoke from flowing out of the experimental site. In addition, since no air flow is generated even if smoke is exhausted in the experimental site, a more accurate fire experiment can be performed.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment facility 1 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment equipment 100 in the 1st comparative example. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment facility 200 which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment facility 300 which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment facility 400 in the 2nd comparative example.

Embodiment 1.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the fire experiment equipment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a fire experiment facility 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a top sectional view, and FIG. 1 (b) is a side sectional view. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the fire experiment facility 1 includes an experimental site 2, an inner shutter 10a, an outer shutter 10b, and a smoke exhaust treatment device 3. The experimental site 2 has an experimental space 2c and a smoke exhaust space 8. The experimental space 2c is a space surrounded by a wall 2a and a ceiling 2b, and a fire experiment is conducted. The smoke exhaust space 8 is a space arranged outside the experimental space 2c and formed with a smoke exhaust port 22 for discharging the smoke 6 generated by the experiment.

The inner shutter 10a is provided at the boundary between the experimental space 2c and the smoke exhaust space 8 and can be opened and closed. The outer shutter 10b is provided at the boundary between the smoke exhaust space 8 and the outside of the experimental site 2, and can be opened and closed. Here, the inner shutter 10a is composed of, for example, a smoke-proof shutter or a sound-proof shutter, and the outer shutter 10b is, for example, a general heavy-duty shutter. That is, the airtightness of the inner shutter 10a itself is higher than the airtightness of the outer shutter 10b. Therefore, the smoke 6 in the experimental space 2c is unlikely to leak into the smoke exhaust space 8, and when the air in the smoke exhaust space 8 is sucked by the smoke exhaust processing device 3 described later, the air is supplied from the outer shutter 10b side. Therefore, the influence of the flue gas treatment on the experimental space 2c can be reduced. By opening the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b, a person 7 or the like can enter and exit the experimental site 2.

In order to prevent the smoke 6 from leaking to the outside of the experimental site 2 during the fire experiment, the smoke 6 in the experimental site 2 is appropriately exhausted. The smoke 6 floating in the experimental space 2c may slightly enter the gap of the inner shutter 10a and enter the smoke exhaust space 8. A plurality of intake ports 21 are formed on the wall 2a of the smoke exhaust space 8, and the intake ports 21 are openings for taking in outside air. A plurality of smoke exhaust ports 22 are formed on the ceiling 2b of the smoke exhaust space 8, and the smoke exhaust ports 22 are openings for discharging the smoke 6 generated by the experiment from the smoke exhaust space 8. The smoke exhaust port 22 is provided with an exhaust damper 12 whose opening degree can be adjusted, and the exhaust damper 12 adjusts the amount of air discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22 by adjusting the opening degree.

A fire test table 4 is placed on the floor 2d of the test site 2, and the fire test table 4 is a table on which a fire (flame) 5 is generated. When the fire 5 is ignited on the fire test bench 4, the smoke 6 can enter the test site 2.

The smoke exhaust treatment device 3 has an exhaust duct 31, a dust collector 32, and a fan 33. The exhaust duct 31 is a pipe that connects the smoke exhaust port 22 of the smoke exhaust space 8 and the exhaust port 31a outside the experimental site 2. The smoke 6 discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22 is exhausted to the exhaust port 31a outside the experimental site 2 through the exhaust duct 31. The dust collector 32 is provided in the exhaust duct 31 and removes the dust contained in the smoke 6 discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22. The fan 33 is provided in the exhaust duct 31, sucks in the air in the experimental site 2, and discharges the smoke 6 from the smoke exhaust port 22. The fan 33 adjusts the amount of air discharged from the exhaust port 31a by controlling its rotation speed.

Next, the experimental method of the fire experiment equipment 1 will be described. When a fire 5 is ignited on the fire experiment table 4 and a fire experiment is started, smoke 6 can enter the experiment site 2. In the fire experiment, the size of the flame 5 and the flow of the smoke 6 are observed. At that time, the smoke 6 floating in the experimental space 2c may slightly enter the gap of the inner shutter 10a and enter the smoke exhaust space 8. The exhaust damper 12 is opened at a predetermined opening degree, and the fan 33 operates at a predetermined rotation speed. The smoke exhaust space 8 is adjusted to have a negative pressure by adjusting the rotation speed (air volume) of the fan 33 and / or the opening degree of the exhaust damper 12. As a result, outside air is sucked through the gap between the intake port 21 and the outer shutter 10b, and the smoke 6 that has entered the smoke exhaust space 8 is discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22 to the exhaust duct 31. The smoke 6 passing through the exhaust duct 31 is discharged to the outside of the experimental site 2 after the dust is removed by the dust collector 32. When the fire experiment is completed, the fire extinguishing work is performed by a sprinkler (not shown) provided on the ceiling 2b of the experiment site 2 and a person 7 or the like. Further, the inner shutter 10a is opened, and the smoke in the experimental space 2c is exhausted by the smoke exhaust processing device 3 via the smoke exhaust space 8.

According to the first embodiment, the smoke exhaust space 8 in which the smoke exhaust port 22 is formed is arranged outside the experimental space 2c, and the smoke exhaust space 8 is sandwiched between the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b. There is. Therefore, even if the smoke 6 leaks from the inner shutter 10a, the leaked smoke 6 is discharged from the smoke exhaust space 8 through the smoke exhaust port 22. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the smoke 6 from flowing out of the experimental site 2.

Further, the airtightness of the inner shutter 10a is higher than that of the outer shutter 10b. As a result, the smoke 6 in the experimental space 2c is unlikely to leak into the smoke exhaust space 8. Even if the smoke 6 leaks from the inner shutter 10a, the leaked smoke 6 is discharged from the smoke exhaust space 8 and therefore does not flow out of the experimental site 2. Further, since the airtightness of the outer shutter 10b does not have to be so high, the outer shutter 10b can be used as a general weight shutter. That is, it is not necessary to use the outer shutter 10b as a smoke-proof shutter. Further, by making the airtightness of the inner shutter 10a higher than that of the outer shutter 10b, the suction of the outside air from the intake port 21 cannot catch up when the smoke exhaust treatment device 3 exhausts the air during the fire experiment. However, since the outside air is sucked from the gap of the outer shutter 10b, the influence on the experimental space 2c can be reduced.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the fire experiment equipment 100 in the first comparative example. FIG. 2A is a top sectional view, and FIG. 2B is a side sectional view. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, when the smoke 6 leaks from the shutter 10, the fire experiment equipment 100 in the first comparative example flows out of the experimental site 2 as it is. This can have a negative impact on the environment. Further, when the smoke is sucked by the smoke exhaust processing device 3, the outside air is sucked from the shutter 10, so that an air flow is generated, which adversely affects the experiment.

On the other hand, in the fire experiment facility 1 according to the first embodiment, even if the smoke 6 leaks from the inner shutter 10a, the leaked smoke 6 is discharged from the smoke exhaust space 8 through the smoke exhaust port 22. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the smoke 6 from flowing out of the experimental site 2. As a result, the experiment can be performed while preventing the smoke 6 from leaking to the outside of the experimental site 2 for a long time. The exhaust damper 12 may be omitted. Further, the smoke exhaust port 22 is not limited to two locations, and may be formed at one location or at three or more locations. Further, even if the smoke exhaust treatment device 3 is operated, the air flow is unlikely to occur in the experimental space 2c, so that the influence on the fire experiment can be minimized.

Embodiment 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the fire experiment equipment 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the experimental smoke exhaust port 223 is formed. In the second embodiment, the parts common to the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, the description thereof will be omitted, and the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

FIG. 3A is a top sectional view of the fire experiment equipment 200, and FIG. 3B is a side sectional view of the fire experiment equipment 200. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, an intake port 21 is formed in the upper part of the wall 2a of the experimental space 2c, and the intake port 21 is an opening for taking in outside air. Further, an experimental smoke exhaust port 223 is formed on the ceiling 2b of the experimental space 2c, and the experimental smoke exhaust port 223 is an opening for discharging the smoke 6 of the experimental space 2c from the experimental space 2c. The experimental smoke exhaust port 223 is provided with an exhaust damper 12 whose opening degree can be adjusted. Further, the experimental smoke exhaust port 223 is connected to the exhaust duct 31. According to the second embodiment, the smoke 6 is also discharged from the experimental space 2c itself by the experimental smoke exhaust port 223. Therefore, the amount of smoke 6 leaking from the inner shutter 10a is further reduced. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the smoke 6 from flowing out of the experimental site 2. Since the intake port 21 of the experimental space 2c is provided on the upper part of the wall 2a, even if the exhaust damper 12 of the experimental smoke exhaust port 223 is opened and exhausted during the fire experiment, the air can be discharged to the floor 2d side. The influence of the flow can be reduced, and the influence on the fire experiment can be reduced. Further, the exhaust damper 12 of the experimental smoke exhaust port 223 can be appropriately opened and closed according to the content of the experiment to carry out the experiment. If it is desired to avoid the air flow in the experimental space 2c as much as possible, the experiment may be conducted by closing the exhaust damper 12 of the experimental smoke exhaust port 223.

Embodiment 3.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the fire experiment facility 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the shutter presser 340 is provided. In the third embodiment, the parts common to the first and second embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted, and the differences from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described.

As shown in FIG. 4, the shutter retainer 340 has a receiving portion 340a and a pole 340b. The receiving portion 340a is a member having a hollow portion embedded in the ground, and is always closed with a lid. The pole 340b is inserted into the hollow portion of the receiving portion 340a and sandwiches the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b. The shutter retainer 340 is attached to the lower end of the inner shutter 10a and the lower end of the outer shutter 10b, respectively. By providing the shutter retainer 340, it is possible to suppress the shaking of the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b caused by the pulsation of the flame 5. Therefore, damage caused by the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b coming off the rail (not shown) can be suppressed. In the third embodiment, the case where the shutter retainer 340 is provided on both the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b is illustrated, but the shutter retainer 340 is either the inner shutter 10a or the outer shutter 10b. It may be provided on one side. In this case, if the shutter retainer 340 is provided on the inner shutter 10a, it is possible to suppress the shaking of the inner shutter 10a which is easily affected by the pulsation of the flame 5.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the fire experiment facility 400 in the second comparative example. As shown in FIG. 5, the fire experiment facility 400 in the second comparative example does not have a member for suppressing the shaking of the shutter 10. Therefore, the pulsation of the flame 5 in the fire experiment causes the shutter 10 to sway, and in the worst case, the shutter 10 comes off the rail and is damaged.

On the other hand, in the fire experiment equipment 300 according to the third embodiment, since the shutter retainer 340 is provided, it is possible to suppress the shaking of the inner shutter 10a and the outer shutter 10b caused by the pulsation of the flame 5.

The fire experiment facility 1 may have the experimental site 2 made of reinforced concrete. Further, the ceiling 2b and the wall 2a of the experimental site 2 may be heat-insulated. Further, an air conditioner is provided in the fire experiment facility 1 so that the temperature in the experimental site 2 of the experimental site 2 can be adjusted in the range of about -20 ° C to about 40 ° C, and the humidity in the experimental site 2 of the experimental site 2 can be adjusted. It may be adjustable in the range of about 5% to about 95%. This makes it possible to carry out fire experiments regardless of the seasons when the climatic conditions are different.

For example, summer is generally hot and humid, but if it is dried at low temperature by an air conditioner, fire experiments can be conducted even in summer under the environmental conditions in winter. In addition, although it is generally low-temperature and dry in winter, if it is made hot and humid by an air conditioner, it is possible to carry out a fire experiment even in winter under the environmental conditions in summer. In this way, it is not necessary to carry out fire experiments in different seasons with different climatic conditions, fire tests can be carried out at all times, and fire extinguishing performance in various environments can be inspected. The fire experiment equipment 1 may be combined with the sprinkler equipment.

1 Fire experiment equipment, 2 Experiment site, 2a wall, 2b ceiling, 2c Experiment space, 2d floor, 3 Smoke exhaust treatment device, 4 Fire laboratory table, 5 Fire (flame), 6 Smoke, 7 people, 8 Smoke exhaust space, 10 shutter, 10a inner shutter, 10b outer shutter, 12 exhaust damper, 21 intake port, 22 smoke exhaust port, 31 exhaust duct, 31a exhaust port, 32 dust collector, 33 fan, 100 fire test equipment, 200 fire test equipment, 223 experimental smoke exhaust port, 300 fire experimental equipment, 340 shutter retainer, 340a receiver, 340b pole.

Claims (3)

An experimental site surrounded by a wall and a ceiling where a fire experiment is conducted, a smoke exhaust space arranged outside the experimental space and having a smoke exhaust port for discharging smoke generated by the experiment, and a smoke exhaust space.
With a fan that sucks in the air in the smoke exhaust space,
An openable and closable inner shutter provided at the boundary between the experimental space and the smoke exhaust space,
An openable and closable outer shutter provided at the boundary between the smoke exhaust space and the outside of the experimental site,
A fire experiment facility characterized by being equipped with. The fire experiment equipment according to claim 1, wherein the airtightness of the inner shutter is higher than that of the outer shutter. The fire experiment equipment according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a shutter retainer that is attached to the inner shutter and suppresses the shaking of the inner shutter.

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