JP6889081B2 - Fire experiment equipment and experiment method of fire experiment equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fire experiment facility in which a fire experiment is performed and an experimental method of the fire experiment facility.

Conventionally, a fire experiment facility in which a fire experiment is performed is known in order to analyze the mode of the fire when a fire actually occurs. The fire experiment facility is equipped with an experimental site having an experimental space surrounded by walls and a ceiling. When a fire experiment is conducted in the experimental space of the experimental site, smoke is generated in the experimental space. Since the generated smoke may have an adverse effect on the environment, it is required to prevent it from leaking to the outside of the experimental site. Patent Document 1 discloses a flue gas treatment system that detoxifies smoke generated in a fire drill facility and releases it to the atmosphere. At the fire drill facility, a fire is ignited on a fire demonstration table placed on the floor and experiments are conducted. The smoke in the fire drill facility is sucked in by a blower (fan) from the smoke exhaust port formed on the ceiling of the fire drill facility. The sucked smoke is detoxified by removing dust and the like by a dust collector and released into the atmosphere. The side of the fire drill facility is covered with a shutter that can be opened and closed, and when a fire demonstration is performed, the shutter is raised to allow people and vehicles to enter and exit, and the lower part of the side surface of the fire drill facility opens. doing.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-12942

In a fire experiment, an experimental environment assuming an actual fire is desired, so the flow of flame and smoke needs to be as natural as possible. As described above, in the flue gas treatment system disclosed in Patent Document 1, the lower part of the side surface of the fire drill facility is open. Therefore, the air flow on the floor side is disturbed by the air flowing from the opened portion. Therefore, the flow of flames and smoke on the floor-mounted fire demonstration table is disturbed. This reduces the accuracy of fire analysis.
Further, if smoke leaks from a slight gap such as a shutter, smoke that does not pass through the smoke exhaust treatment system will be emitted to the outside of the experimental site, which poses an environmental problem.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides an experimental method for fire experimental equipment and fire experimental equipment that prevents smoke leakage and suppresses turbulence of flame and smoke flow.

The fire experiment facility according to the present invention has an experimental space surrounded by a wall and a ceiling, and includes an experimental site where a fire experiment is performed and a fan that sucks air in the experimental space of the experimental site. in the event, a flue gas outlet for discharging the smoke caused by fire from the experimental space by the fan provided in the ceiling, the air inlet for taking air outside experimental space provided above the wall, which is the form The intake port is provided with an intake damper whose opening degree can be adjusted .

Further, an intake duct connecting the intake port and the outside of the experimental space is further provided, the intake duct is provided with an air intake for taking in air outside the experimental space, and the air intake is located lower than the intake port.

The experimental method of the fire experiment facility according to the present invention has an experimental space surrounded by a wall and a ceiling, and has an experimental site where a fire experiment is conducted and a fan that sucks air in the experimental space of the experimental site. In preparation, the experimental site has a smoke exhaust port that is installed on the ceiling and discharges smoke generated by a fire from the experimental space by a fan, and an intake port that is installed on the upper part of the wall and takes in air outside the experimental space. In the experimental method of a fire experiment facility in which an intake damper having an adjustable opening degree is provided at the intake port, the experiment space is made negative pressure by the intake damper and the fan.

According to the present invention, a smoke exhaust port is formed on the ceiling of the experimental site, and an intake port is formed on the upper part of the wall of the experimental site. Therefore, the air taken in from the intake port is discharged from the smoke exhaust port together with the generated smoke without passing through the floor side of the experimental site. Therefore, since the airflow on the floor side is not turbulent, the turbulence of the flow of flame and smoke can be suppressed.
Further, by making the inside of the experimental site negative pressure with respect to the outside air, it is possible to prevent smoke from leaking to the outside of the site even if there is a slight gap in the shutter or the like.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment facility 1 which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment equipment 100 in the comparative example. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment facility 200 which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the fire experiment facility 300 which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention.

Embodiment 1.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the fire experiment equipment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a fire experiment facility 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a top sectional view, and FIG. 1 (b) is a side sectional view. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the fire experiment facility 1 includes an experimental site 2 and a flue gas treatment device 3. The experimental site 2 has an experimental space 2c surrounded by a wall 2a and a ceiling 2b, and a fire experiment is conducted. In order to prevent the smoke 6 from leaking to the outside during the fire experiment, the smoke 6 in the experiment space 2c is appropriately exhausted. A plurality of smoke exhaust ports 22 are formed on the ceiling 2b of the experimental site 2, and the smoke exhaust ports 22 are openings for discharging smoke 6 generated by a fire from the experimental space 2c. The smoke exhaust port 22 is provided with an exhaust damper 12 whose opening degree can be adjusted, and the exhaust damper 12 adjusts the amount of air discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22 by adjusting the opening degree.

A shutter 10 that can be opened and closed is provided below the wall 2a of the experimental site 2, and when the shutter 10 is opened, a person 7 or the like can enter and exit the experimental space 2c. Here, by using the shutter 10 as a highly airtight shutter (for example, a smoke-proof shutter, a sound-proof shutter, etc.), the gap when the shutter 10 is closed can be made smaller, and smoke can be suppressed from leaking to the outside. be able to. Therefore, the effect of the present invention can be more exerted. An intake port 21 is formed in the upper part of the wall 2a of the experimental site 2, and the intake port 21 is an opening for taking in air outside the site. The intake port 21 is provided with an intake damper 11 whose opening degree can be adjusted, and the intake damper 11 adjusts the amount of air taken in from the intake port 21 by adjusting the opening degree. A fire test table 4 is placed on the floor 2d of the test site 2, and the fire test table 4 is a table on which a fire (flame) 5 is generated. When the fire 5 is ignited on the fire laboratory table 4, the smoke 6 can enter the experiment space 2c.

The smoke exhaust treatment device 3 has an exhaust duct 31, a dust collector 32, and a fan 33. The exhaust duct 31 is a pipe that connects the smoke exhaust port 22 of the experimental site 2 and the exhaust port 31a outside the site. The smoke 6 discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22 is exhausted to the exhaust port 31a outside the site through the exhaust duct 31. The dust collector 32 is provided in the exhaust duct 31 and removes the dust contained in the smoke 6 discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22. The fan 33 is provided in the exhaust duct 31, sucks the air in the experimental space 2c, and discharges the smoke 6 from the smoke exhaust port 22. The fan 33 adjusts the amount of air discharged from the exhaust port 31a by controlling its rotation speed.

Next, the experimental method of the fire experiment equipment 1 will be described. When a fire 5 is ignited on the fire experiment table 4 and a fire experiment is started, smoke 6 can enter the experiment space 2c. In the fire experiment, the size of the flame 5 and the flow of the smoke 6 are observed. At this time, the intake damper 11 and the exhaust damper 12 are opened at a predetermined opening degree, and the fan 33 operates at a predetermined rotation speed. By adjusting the opening degree of the intake damper 11 and the rotation speed (air volume) of the fan 33 and / or the opening degree of the exhaust damper 12, the experimental space 2c has a slightly negative pressure with respect to the outside air (differential pressure less than 150 Pa). It is adjusted to be. As a result, outside air is sucked in from the intake port 21, and the air is discharged together with the smoke 6 from the smoke exhaust port 22 to the exhaust duct 31. Dust is removed from the smoke 6 passing through the exhaust duct 31 by the dust collector 32, and the smoke 6 is discharged to the outside of the site. Further, since the pressure in the experimental space 2c is smaller than that of the outside air, smoke 6 does not leak even if there is a slight gap in the shutter or the like. (Since the pressure difference between the pressure inside the experimental space 2c and the outside air pressure is small, the amount of air sucked from the slight gap is small and there is almost no effect on the fire experiment.) When the fire experiment is completed, the experimental site 2 Fire extinguishing work is carried out by a sprinkler (not shown) provided on the ceiling 2b and a person 7 or the like.

According to the first embodiment, the smoke exhaust port 22 is formed on the ceiling 2b of the experimental site 2, and the intake port 21 is formed on the upper part of the wall 2a of the experimental site 2. Therefore, the air taken in from the intake port 21 is discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22 without passing through the floor 2d side of the experimental site 2. Therefore, since the airflow on the floor 2d side is not turbulent, the turbulence of the flow of the flame 5 and the smoke 6 can be suppressed. Since the intake port 21 is formed, the shutter 10 can be closed to carry out the experiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the fire experiment equipment 100 in the comparative example. FIG. 2A is a top sectional view, and FIG. 2B is a side sectional view. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, in the fire experiment facility 100 in the comparative example, the shutter 10 for entering and exiting a person 7 and the like smokes from the smoke exhaust port 22 when the fire experiment is performed. The fan 33 needs to suck the air in the experimental space 2c in order to discharge 6, so that the fan 33 is slightly opened, and the lower part of the wall 2a of the experimental site 2 is an opening 101. Therefore, the air flow on the floor 2d side is disturbed by the air flowing from the opening 101. Therefore, the flow of the flame 5 and the smoke 6 on the fire laboratory table 4 placed on the floor 2d is disturbed. This may deteriorate the experimental environment.

On the other hand, in the fire experiment facility 1 according to the first embodiment, since the intake port 21 is formed on the upper part of the wall 2a, the air taken in from the intake port 21 is on the floor 2d side of the experimental site 2. It does not pass through and is discharged from the smoke exhaust port 22 together with the smoke 6. Therefore, since the airflow on the floor 2d side is not turbulent, the turbulence of the flow of the flame 5 and the smoke 6 can be suppressed. As a result, the experiment can be performed without deteriorating the experimental environment while preventing the smoke 6 from leaking to the outside of the experimental space 2c for a long time. The intake damper 11 and the exhaust damper 12 may be omitted. Further, the smoke exhaust port 22 is not limited to two locations, and may be formed at one location or at three or more locations.

Embodiment 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a fire experiment facility 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the intake duct 213 is provided. In the second embodiment, the parts common to the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, the description thereof will be omitted, and the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

As shown in FIG. 3, the fire experiment facility 200 has an intake duct 213. The intake duct 213 is a pipe that connects the intake port 21 and the air intake port 213a outside the experimental space 2c. The intake duct 213 extends from the intake port 21 side to a position lower than the intake port 21. That is, the air intake port 213a is located below the intake port 21. The air outside the experimental space 2c taken in from the air intake port 213a is sucked into the experimental space 2c from the intake port 21 through the intake duct 213.

According to the second embodiment, the intake duct 213 extends downward from the intake port 21 side. Therefore, even if the smoke 6 in the experimental space 2c tries to flow back from the intake port 21 to the outside of the experimental space 2c, the high temperature smoke 6 tends to go upward. Therefore, the smoke 6 is unlikely to flow back inside the intake duct 213 extending downward. As described above, in the second embodiment, since the intake duct 213 extends downward from the intake port 21 side, it is possible to prevent the smoke 6 flowing back from the intake port 21 from immediately leaking to the outside of the experimental space 2c. can do.

Embodiment 3.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the fire experiment facility 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that it has an intake sensor 351 and an exhaust sensor 352 and a control device 350. In the third embodiment, the parts common to the first and second embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted, and the differences from the first and second embodiments will be mainly described.

As shown in FIG. 4, an intake sensor 351 is provided in the vicinity of the intake port 21, and the intake sensor 351 detects the amount of air sucked into the experimental space 2c from the intake port 21. An exhaust sensor 352 is provided in the vicinity of the fan 33, and the exhaust sensor 352 detects the amount of air flowing through the exhaust duct 31. The control device 350 is composed of a microcomputer, a driver, and the like, and controls the opening degree of the intake damper 11, the rotation speed of the fan 33, and / or the opening degree of the exhaust damper 12.

The control device 350 adjusts the opening degree of the intake damper 11 and the rotation speed of the fan 33 so that the experimental space 2c has a slightly negative pressure. When the experimental space 2c becomes negative pressure, the air outside the experimental space 2c is sucked from the intake port 21, and the air is discharged together with the smoke 6 from the smoke exhaust port 22 to the exhaust duct 31. The smoke 6 passing through the exhaust duct 31 is discharged to the outside of the experimental space 2c after the dust is removed by the dust collector 32. As described above, according to the third embodiment, the experimental space 2c can be automatically set to a negative pressure by providing the control device 350. This improves the efficiency of the experiment.
Instead of the intake sensor 351 and the exhaust sensor 352, a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure in the experimental space 2c is provided, and the opening degree of the intake damper 11 and the rotation speed of the fan 33 and / or the exhaust damper 12 are measured according to the measured values. The opening degree of may be controlled.

1 Fire experiment equipment, 2 Experiment site, 2a wall, 2b ceiling, 2c Experiment space, 2d floor, 3 Smoke exhaust treatment device, 4 Fire laboratory table, 5 Fire (flame), 6 Smoke, 7 people, 10 shutters, 11 Intake Damper, 12 Exhaust damper, 21 Intake port, 22 Smoke exhaust port, 31 Exhaust duct, 31a Exhaust port, 32 Dust collector, 33 fan, 100 Fire experiment equipment, 101 opening, 200 Fire experiment equipment, 213 Intake duct, 213a Air Intake, 300 fire experiment equipment, 350 controller, 351 intake sensor, 352 exhaust sensor.

Claims (3)

There is an experimental space surrounded by walls and ceilings, and there is an experimental site where fire experiments are conducted.
It is equipped with a fan that sucks in the air in the experimental space of the experimental site.
At the experimental site
A smoke exhaust port provided on the ceiling and discharging smoke generated by a fire from the experimental space by the fan.
An intake port provided on the upper part of the wall to take in air outside the experimental space is formed .
A fire experiment facility characterized in that the intake port is provided with an intake damper whose opening degree can be adjusted. Further provided with an intake duct connecting the intake port and the outside of the experimental space,
The intake duct is provided with an air intake that takes in air outside the experimental space.
The air intake is claim 1 Symbol mounting fire laboratory equipment, characterized in that in a position lower than the intake port. There is an experimental space surrounded by walls and ceilings, and there is an experimental site where fire experiments are conducted.
It is equipped with a fan that sucks in the air in the experimental space of the experimental site.
At the experimental site
A smoke exhaust port provided on the ceiling and discharging smoke generated by a fire from the experimental space by the fan.
An intake port, which is provided on the upper part of the wall and takes in air outside the experimental space, is formed.
In the experimental method of a fire experiment facility in which an intake damper with an adjustable opening is provided at the intake port,
An experimental method of a fire experiment facility, wherein the experimental space is made negative pressure by the intake damper and the fan.

Images