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JP6960138B2 - Metal tube container and method of extracting contents from metal tube container - Google Patents
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JP6960138B2 - Metal tube container and method of extracting contents from metal tube container - Google Patents

Metal tube container and method of extracting contents from metal tube container Download PDF

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JP6960138B2
JP6960138B2 JP2017021808A JP2017021808A JP6960138B2 JP 6960138 B2 JP6960138 B2 JP 6960138B2 JP 2017021808 A JP2017021808 A JP 2017021808A JP 2017021808 A JP2017021808 A JP 2017021808A JP 6960138 B2 JP6960138 B2 JP 6960138B2
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shoulder
tube container
contents
metal tube
shoulder portion
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JP2018127253A (en
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健司 大西
孝広 山口
良平 高津
十一郎 川畑
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Taisei Kako Co Ltd
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本発明は、アルミチューブ容器などの金属製チューブ容器に関する。また、本発明は、金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a metal tube container such as an aluminum tube container. The present invention also relates to a method for extracting contents from a metal tube container.

アルミチューブ容器は、低コストで製造可能でありながらも、ガスバリア性、光遮断性、並びに、耐薬品性に優れるものであるため、軟膏、クリーム及びゲル状の医薬品用の容器として広く用いられている。薬価の高い医薬品は比較的小さい5gチューブ容器や10gチューブ容器に収容され、この5gチューブ容器の胴部の直径は一般的に12.5〜15.0mmとなされ、10gチューブ容器の胴部の直径は一般的に17mm程度となされている。胴部の上端部には円錐状の肩部が連設され、さらに肩部の上端部に円筒状の口部が連設されている。口部外周には、通常、キャップを螺着するためのネジ山が転造によって設けられる。ネジ山の成形性や、ネジ山成形後のキャップ保持のための剛性確保のため、口部肉厚は比較的大きく、例えばネジ山の谷部における肉厚で2mm以上確保されてる。5gチューブの場合、口部の開口径は約4.5mm、ネジ山の山径は約8mm程度とされている。 Aluminum tube containers are widely used as containers for ointments, creams, and gel-like pharmaceuticals because they are excellent in gas barrier property, light blocking property, and chemical resistance while being able to be manufactured at low cost. There is. High-priced drugs are housed in relatively small 5 g tube containers and 10 g tube containers, and the diameter of the body of the 5 g tube container is generally 12.5-15.0 mm, and the diameter of the body of the 10 g tube container. Is generally set to about 17 mm. A conical shoulder is connected to the upper end of the body, and a cylindrical mouth is connected to the upper end of the shoulder. A screw thread for screwing the cap is usually provided on the outer periphery of the mouth by rolling. The wall thickness of the mouth is relatively large in order to secure the formability of the screw thread and the rigidity for holding the cap after the screw thread is formed. For example, the wall thickness at the valley of the screw thread is 2 mm or more. In the case of a 5 g tube, the opening diameter of the mouth is about 4.5 mm, and the thread diameter of the screw thread is about 8 mm.

胴部を直径方向両側から押し潰すことによって内容物を吐出可能とするために、胴部の肉厚は0.09〜0.18mm程度となされている。 The wall thickness of the body is set to about 0.09 to 0.18 mm so that the contents can be discharged by crushing the body from both sides in the radial direction.

一方、従来のアルミチューブ容器では、肩部の肉厚は約0.6mm程度とされ、これにより人の指の力では容易に変形しない程度の剛性が付与されていた。 On the other hand, in the conventional aluminum tube container, the wall thickness of the shoulder portion is set to about 0.6 mm, which imparts rigidity to the extent that it is not easily deformed by the force of a human finger.

このようなアルミチューブ容器においては、従来より、肩部の内面付近に内容物が残存してしまい、特に、高価な医薬品の場合に苦情の対象となることがあった。例えば、製剤薬局において、5gチューブ容器に充填されて販売される医薬品を容器からすべて抽出して、それに他の医薬品を調合する場合があり、その場合、5gチューブ容器から抽出された医薬品の質量を計量器を用いて正確に計量するが、従来のチューブ容器の場合、薬剤師が頑張って絞り出しても抽出された医薬品の質量が5gに満たないことが多く、薬局業界から医薬品メーカに対する苦情となることがある。したがって、苦情回避のために、医薬品メーカは、5gチューブ容器への医薬品の充填量を5%程度多めにして5.25g充填しておくという対応を行うこともあり、かかる苦情対策コストは、医薬品の価格や販売数量にもよるが、1gあたりの製造原価が10円、販売数量3000万本とすると、約1億円程度を要する。 In such an aluminum tube container, the contents have conventionally remained near the inner surface of the shoulder portion, and in particular, in the case of expensive pharmaceutical products, there have been cases where complaints have been made. For example, in a pharmaceutical pharmacy, all the medicines to be sold filled in a 5g tube container may be extracted from the container and other medicines may be mixed with the medicines. Weigh accurately using a measuring instrument, but in the case of conventional tube containers, the mass of the extracted drug is often less than 5 g even if the pharmacist works hard to squeeze it, which is a complaint from the pharmacy industry to the drug manufacturer. There is. Therefore, in order to avoid complaints, the drug manufacturer may take measures to fill the 5 g tube container with the drug by about 5% more and fill it with 5.25 g, and the cost for dealing with such complaints is the drug. If the manufacturing cost per gram is 10 yen and the sales volume is 30 million, it will cost about 100 million yen, although it depends on the price and sales volume.

かかる問題に対処するため、下記の特許文献1に記載のチューブ容器においては、肩部の直下付近の胴部に薄肉部を形成し、肩部と胴部の交点の外周面のアールを0.3mm〜2.0mmに形成するとともに、肩部の肉厚を0.3〜0.8mmに形成した金属製チューブ容器が開示されている。但し、特許文献1に記載のチューブ容器は、胴部肉厚が0.8〜1.0mm、薄肉部の肉厚が胴部肉厚に対して40〜80%(すなわち、0.32mm〜0.8mm)というものであり、5gチューブ容器のような小径の容器の場合に上記のような肉厚の胴部とすると押し潰し変形できなくなるため、胴部直径が少なくとも20mmを超える大型のチューブ容器を想定しているものと推察される。 In order to deal with such a problem, in the tube container described in Patent Document 1 below, a thin-walled portion is formed in the body portion immediately below the shoulder portion, and the radius of the outer peripheral surface at the intersection of the shoulder portion and the body portion is reduced to 0. A metal tube container having a thickness of 3 mm to 2.0 mm and a wall thickness of a shoulder portion of 0.3 to 0.8 mm is disclosed. However, the tube container described in Patent Document 1 has a body thickness of 0.8 to 1.0 mm and a thin wall thickness of 40 to 80% (that is, 0.32 mm to 0) with respect to the body thickness. 8.8 mm), and in the case of a container with a small diameter such as a 5 g tube container, if the body is thick as described above, it cannot be crushed and deformed, so a large tube container with a body diameter exceeding at least 20 mm It is presumed that this is assumed.

特許第3994415号公報Japanese Patent No. 3994415

上記特許文献1に記載されたチューブ容器によれば、肩部と胴部の交点の外周面にアールを設けることによって薄肉部に亀裂が生じることを防止できるとともに、肩部の肉厚を薄くすることにより内容物を押し出す際に肩部が湾曲変形するようになり、これにより薄肉部の一部に集中的に荷重がかかることを防止して、薄肉部の亀裂発生を一層防止できると記載されている。 According to the tube container described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the thin portion by providing a radius on the outer peripheral surface of the intersection of the shoulder portion and the body portion, and to reduce the wall thickness of the shoulder portion. As a result, when the contents are pushed out, the shoulder portion is curved and deformed, which prevents a concentrated load from being applied to a part of the thin-walled portion and further prevents the occurrence of cracks in the thin-walled portion. ing.

しかしながら、上記特許文献1に記載の技術は、上述したように、胴部直径が少なくとも20mmを超える大型のチューブ容器を想定したものであり、5gチューブ容器や10gチューブ容器のような小径のチューブ容器に適用しても、内容物の残量を低減することは困難であった。また、肩部は一般的に中心角120°程度の円錐状に形成されるところ、胴部直径が小さくなるほど肩部の周方向の曲率が大きくなり、これにより曲げに対する剛性が大きくなるため、上記特許文献1に記載の大径チューブ容器の場合には肩部肉厚を0.3〜0.8mmとすることで曲げ易くなるが、5gチューブ容器や10gチューブ容器などの小径チューブ容器の場合には上記肉厚の範囲では曲げ難いことも多く、さらに、単に肩部を湾曲変形させるのみでは肩部の内側に内容物が残存してしまう。 However, as described above, the technique described in Patent Document 1 assumes a large tube container having a body diameter of at least 20 mm, and is a small-diameter tube container such as a 5 g tube container or a 10 g tube container. Even if it was applied to, it was difficult to reduce the remaining amount of the contents. Further, the shoulder portion is generally formed in a conical shape with a central angle of about 120 °, but the smaller the body diameter, the larger the curvature in the circumferential direction of the shoulder portion, which increases the rigidity against bending. In the case of the large-diameter tube container described in Patent Document 1, it becomes easy to bend by setting the shoulder wall thickness to 0.3 to 0.8 mm, but in the case of a small-diameter tube container such as a 5 g tube container or a 10 g tube container. Is often difficult to bend within the above-mentioned wall thickness range, and further, the contents remain inside the shoulder portion simply by bending and deforming the shoulder portion.

そこで、本発明は、高価な製剤などの内容物が充填される5gチューブ容器や10gチューブ容器などの比較的小径の金属製チューブ容器において、内容物を絞り出していくときに内容物の残量ができるだけ少なくなるようにすることを目的とする。 Therefore, according to the present invention, in a metal tube container having a relatively small diameter such as a 5 g tube container or a 10 g tube container filled with contents such as an expensive pharmaceutical product, the remaining amount of the contents is reduced when the contents are squeezed out. The purpose is to reduce as much as possible.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、次の技術的手段を講じた。 The present invention has taken the following technical measures in order to solve the above problems.

すなわち、本発明の金属製チューブ容器は、内容物を押し出すために径方向に押し潰し可能な円筒状胴部と、該胴部の上端部に設けられた円錐状肩部と、該肩部の上端部に設けられ且つ前記胴部よりも小径の円筒状口部とを一体に有し、前記胴部の外周面の直径が10.0〜19.5mm、前記胴部の肉厚が0.09〜0.18mm、前記肩部の円錐形状の中心角が100°〜150°であり、前記肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で前記胴部側に折り込み可能に構成されている。 That is, the metal tube container of the present invention has a cylindrical body that can be crushed in the radial direction to extrude the contents, a conical shoulder provided at the upper end of the body, and a shoulder portion. It is integrally provided with a cylindrical mouth portion provided at the upper end portion and having a diameter smaller than that of the body portion, the diameter of the outer peripheral surface of the body portion is 10.0 to 19.5 mm, and the wall thickness of the body portion is 0. The size is 09 to 0.18 mm, the central angle of the conical shape of the shoulder is 100 ° to 150 °, and the peripheral edge of the shoulder can be folded toward the body by the force of a human finger.

なお、胴部肉厚が0.09mmより薄くなると胴部が柔らかすぎて内容物充填工程におけるチューブ容器の取り扱い性が悪くなり、一方、0.18mmより厚くなると胴部の変形性(内容物の取出し性)が悪くなる。また、肩部中心角が100°未満になると肩部の周方向の曲率が大きくなって肩部の変形性が悪くなるとともに肩部の軸長が大きくなって肩部内に内容物が残存し易くなり、一方、150°を超えると肩部形状が平坦になりすぎて衝撃押出成形時の材料流れが悪くなり、衝撃押出法による量産が困難となる。また、より好ましくは、肩部の周縁部を、該周縁部近傍の胴部の上端側周縁部と重合した状態で胴部側に折り込み可能とすることができる。 If the wall thickness of the body is thinner than 0.09 mm, the body is too soft and the handleability of the tube container in the content filling process becomes poor. On the other hand, if the thickness is thicker than 0.18 mm, the body is deformable (contents). (Removability) becomes worse. Further, when the central angle of the shoulder is less than 100 °, the curvature in the circumferential direction of the shoulder becomes large, the deformability of the shoulder deteriorates, and the axial length of the shoulder becomes large, so that the contents tend to remain in the shoulder. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 150 °, the shoulder shape becomes too flat and the material flow during impact extrusion molding becomes poor, making mass production by the impact extrusion method difficult. Further, more preferably, the peripheral edge portion of the shoulder portion can be folded into the body portion side in a state of being overlapped with the upper end side peripheral edge portion of the body portion in the vicinity of the peripheral edge portion.

かかる本発明の金属製チューブ容器によれば、胴部の外周面の直径が10.0〜19.5mm、胴部の肉厚が0.09〜0.18mm、肩部の外周面及び内周面の円錐形状の中心角が100°〜150°である小径の金属製チューブ容器の肩部の周縁部を、湾曲変形ではなく、胴部側に折り込むよう変形させることにより、肩部の周縁部の内側の空間を押し潰して、そこに残存する内容物をそこから押し出すことができ、小径チューブ容器における内容物の残量をできるだけ少なくすることができる。 According to the metal tube container of the present invention, the diameter of the outer peripheral surface of the body portion is 10.0 to 19.5 mm, the wall thickness of the body portion is 0.09 to 0.18 mm, and the outer peripheral surface and inner circumference of the shoulder portion. The peripheral edge of the shoulder of a small-diameter metal tube container having a conical central angle of 100 ° to 150 ° is deformed so as to fold toward the body instead of being curved. The space inside the tube can be crushed and the remaining contents can be extruded from the space, and the remaining amount of the contents in the small diameter tube container can be minimized.

上記本発明は、5gチューブ容器、すなわち胴部外周面の直径が12.5〜15.0mmのチューブ容器において特に好適に実施可能であり、10gチューブ容器(胴部直径が15.0mm〜19.5mmのチューブ容器)に適用することもできる。より好ましくは、肩部中心角は115°〜125°であってよい。また、本発明は、特にアルミチューブ容器に適用することが好ましく、その他、アルミニウムと同等の変形性を有する他の金属製チューブ容器に適用することもできる。 The present invention can be particularly preferably carried out in a 5 g tube container, that is, a tube container having a body diameter of 12.5 to 15.0 mm, and a 10 g tube container (body diameter of 15.0 mm to 19. It can also be applied to a 5 mm tube container). More preferably, the shoulder central angle may be 115 ° to 125 °. Further, the present invention is particularly preferably applied to an aluminum tube container, and can also be applied to other metal tube containers having the same deformability as aluminum.

本願出願人は、小径のアルミチューブ容器において肩部周縁部を胴部側に折り込み可能で且つ従来と同様の衝撃押出法により成形可能な構造を鋭意研究した。下記の表1〜表4は、胴部直径13.8mm、胴部肉厚0.12mm、口部外径8mm、口部内径4.5mm、肩部中心角120°の5gアルミチューブ容器において、肩部肉厚を0.2mm(表1)、0.3mm(表2)、0.4mm(表3)及び0.5mm(表4)の均一に成形し、内部にクリーム状の内容物を充填して、手作業で内容物を抽出した後の内容物残量の計測試験結果である。なお、各肉厚毎に12サンプルについて試験を実施した。また、図1は、各肉厚毎の平均残量を示すグラフである。 The applicant of the present application has diligently studied a structure in which the peripheral edge of the shoulder can be folded toward the body of a small-diameter aluminum tube container and can be molded by the same impact extrusion method as before. Tables 1 to 4 below show a 5 g aluminum tube container having a body diameter of 13.8 mm, a body thickness of 0.12 mm, a mouth outer diameter of 8 mm, a mouth inner diameter of 4.5 mm, and a shoulder central angle of 120 °. The shoulder wall thickness is uniformly molded to 0.2 mm (Table 1), 0.3 mm (Table 2), 0.4 mm (Table 3) and 0.5 mm (Table 4), and the creamy contents are placed inside. It is a measurement test result of the remaining content after filling and manually extracting the contents. A test was conducted on 12 samples for each wall thickness. Further, FIG. 1 is a graph showing the average remaining amount for each wall thickness.

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これら表1〜表4及び図1に示されるように、肩部肉厚が薄くなるほど内容物の残量は低減し、特に、上記5gチューブ容器の場合では、肩部肉厚が0.5mmの場合は、図2の左側に示すように、肩部の周縁部を胴部側に折り込むように変形させることはできず、指で強く押し込んでも若干湾曲する程度であった。肩部肉厚が0.4mmになると肩部周縁部の変形の仕方が「湾曲」から「屈曲」のような状態となり、肩部肉厚が0.3mm及び0.2mmの場合は図2の右側に示すように肩部周縁部を裏面側に折り込めるようになった。なお、男性と女性との間に有意な差は現われず、肩部周縁部の折り込み方の巧拙が残量に影響しているものと考えられる。 As shown in Tables 1 to 4 and FIG. 1, as the shoulder wall thickness becomes thinner, the remaining amount of the contents decreases, and in particular, in the case of the above 5 g tube container, the shoulder wall thickness is 0.5 mm. In this case, as shown on the left side of FIG. 2, the peripheral edge of the shoulder could not be deformed so as to be folded toward the body, and even if it was strongly pushed with a finger, it was only slightly curved. When the shoulder wall thickness is 0.4 mm, the deformation of the shoulder peripheral edge changes from "curved" to "flexed", and when the shoulder wall thickness is 0.3 mm and 0.2 mm, FIG. 2 shows. As shown on the right side, the peripheral edge of the shoulder can be folded toward the back side. There was no significant difference between males and females, and it is considered that the skill of folding the shoulder periphery affects the remaining amount.

以上の結果より、小径の金属製チューブ容器で肩部を略均一肉厚に成形する場合には、肩部肉厚を0.3mm未満とすることにより、肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で胴部側に折り込み可能となり、肩部周縁部の内側の空間を潰してそこに残存する内容物を押し出すことが可能となると考えられる。なお、肩部を0.1mm程度の均一肉厚に成形することも検討したが、衝撃押出成形時の材料流れが悪く、押出ロッドに生じる軸力が過大となって押出ロッドが撓み、これにより量産時の加工精度並びに成形機の耐久性に問題が生じるおそれがあるため、肩部を均一肉厚に成形する場合には肩部肉厚を0.2mm以上とすることが好ましい。 Based on the above results, when the shoulder is molded to have a substantially uniform wall thickness with a small-diameter metal tube container, the shoulder wall thickness is set to less than 0.3 mm so that the peripheral edge of the shoulder is made of a human finger. It is thought that it becomes possible to fold it toward the body side by force, crush the space inside the peripheral edge of the shoulder, and push out the remaining contents. It was also considered to mold the shoulder part to a uniform wall thickness of about 0.1 mm, but the material flow during impact extrusion molding was poor, and the axial force generated in the extrusion rod became excessive, causing the extrusion rod to bend. Since there is a possibility that problems may occur in the processing accuracy at the time of mass production and the durability of the molding machine, it is preferable that the shoulder thickness is 0.2 mm or more when molding the shoulder portion to a uniform wall thickness.

さらに、本願発明者らは、肩部肉厚の最薄部で0.1mm程度まで薄肉化しつつ衝撃押出法により成形可能な構成について鋭意研究を行ったところ、前記肩部の断面形状を、前記口部側から前記胴部側に至るにしたがって徐々に厚肉となるテーパー状とすることにより、肩部の口部側の最小肉厚を0.10mm〜0.20mmまで薄肉化しても、衝撃押出法により成形可能となることを見出した。上記試験結果によって折り曲げ線の部分の肉厚が0.3mm未満であれば肩部周縁部を裏面側に折り込み可能になることが判明しているので、肩部断面形状をテーパー状とする場合には、肩部の胴部側の最大肉厚は0.4mm以下(好ましくは0.3mm以上)であれば良いと考えられる。かかる構成によって、肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で胴部側に折り込み可能に構成できる。 Furthermore, the inventors of the present application have conducted intensive studies on a structure that can be formed by an impact extrusion method while thinning the thinnest portion of the shoulder portion to about 0.1 mm. By making the thickness gradually thicker from the mouth side to the body side, even if the minimum wall thickness on the mouth side of the shoulder is reduced to 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm, the impact is impacted. It was found that molding is possible by the extrusion method. From the above test results, it has been found that if the wall thickness of the bent line portion is less than 0.3 mm, the shoulder peripheral portion can be folded toward the back surface side. It is considered that the maximum wall thickness of the shoulder portion on the body side should be 0.4 mm or less (preferably 0.3 mm or more). With this configuration, the peripheral edge of the shoulder can be folded toward the body by the force of a human finger.

また、別の態様において、肩部の外周面及び/又は内周面に、放射方向に延びる凹部を周方向に複数設け、前記凹部の底部における肩部の肉厚を0.10mm〜0.20mmとすることにより、肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で胴部側に折り込み可能に構成することもできる。すなわち、肩部の厚肉部分(前記凹部が設けられていない部分)が周方向に所定角度以上連続しないようにすることで、湾曲面構造によって剛性が生じることを阻止し、これにより肩部を裏面側に折り込み可能にすることができるとともに、衝撃押出成形時に厚肉部分によって材料の流動性が確保され、衝撃押出成形により量産可能となる。肩部の厚肉部分の肉厚は0.4mm以下とすることが好ましいが、肩部の各厚肉部分の周方向幅によっては従来と同様の0.6mm程度であってもよい。 Further, in another embodiment, a plurality of recesses extending in the radial direction are provided in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface and / or the inner peripheral surface of the shoulder portion, and the wall thickness of the shoulder portion at the bottom of the recess is 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm. Therefore, the peripheral edge of the shoulder can be folded toward the body by the force of a human finger. That is, by preventing the thick portion of the shoulder portion (the portion not provided with the recess) from continuing for a predetermined angle or more in the circumferential direction, it is possible to prevent rigidity from being generated by the curved surface structure, thereby making the shoulder portion. In addition to being able to be folded into the back surface side, the fluidity of the material is ensured by the thick portion during impact extrusion molding, and mass production is possible by impact extrusion molding. The wall thickness of the thick portion of the shoulder portion is preferably 0.4 mm or less, but it may be about 0.6 mm, which is the same as the conventional one, depending on the circumferential width of each thick portion of the shoulder portion.

さらに別の態様においては、前記肩部の外周面及び/又は内周面の母線が湾曲することで前記肩部の母線方向中央部の肉厚が最も薄肉となされており、該母線方向中央部の前記肩部の肉厚は0.10mm〜0.20mmとされ、これにより前記肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で前記胴部側に折り込み可能に構成することもできる。この場合、肩部の口部側及び胴部側の端部付近の肉厚は0.4mm以下とすることが好ましいが、0.6mm程度であってもよい。 In yet another embodiment, have been made the thickness of the generatrix direction central portion of the shoulder portion is the thinnest in the generatrix of the outer peripheral surface and / or the inner peripheral surface of the shoulder portion is curved, the generatrix direction central portion The wall thickness of the shoulder portion is 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm, so that the peripheral edge portion of the shoulder portion can be folded into the body portion side by the force of a human finger. In this case, the wall thickness in the vicinity of the mouth side and the body side of the shoulder portion is preferably 0.4 mm or less, but may be about 0.6 mm.

上記本発明の金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する好適な方法は、下記の(1)〜(4)のステップを有し、これにより肩部の周縁部の前後左右の側部の内側に存在する内容物をそこから押し出すことが好ましい。
(1)前記胴部の上端部近傍を直径方向両側から押しつぶす(以下、胴部を押しつぶす方向を「前後方向」という。)ことによって前記胴部の上端部近傍を略平坦とするステップ。
(2)前記肩部の周縁部のうち前後方向両側部を前記胴部側に折り込むステップ。
(3)前記胴部の上端部近傍の部分が前記肩部の内面に沿うように前記胴部の上端部近傍を前後方向の一側部から前記肩部内面に向けて押し込むステップ。
(4)前記肩部の周縁部のうち左右両側部を胴部側に折り込むステップ。
A suitable method for extracting the contents from the metal tube container of the present invention has the following steps (1) to (4), whereby the inside of the front, rear, left and right sides of the peripheral edge of the shoulder. It is preferable to push the existing contents out of it.
(1) A step of making the vicinity of the upper end of the body substantially flat by crushing the vicinity of the upper end of the body from both sides in the radial direction (hereinafter, the direction of crushing the body is referred to as "front-back direction").
(2) A step of folding both side portions in the front-rear direction of the peripheral edge portion of the shoulder portion toward the body portion.
(3) A step of pushing the vicinity of the upper end portion of the body portion from one side portion in the front-rear direction toward the inner surface of the shoulder portion so that the portion near the upper end portion of the body portion is along the inner surface of the shoulder portion.
(4) A step of folding both left and right sides of the peripheral edge of the shoulder toward the body.

本発明によれば、高価な製剤などの内容物が充填される5gチューブ容器や10gチューブ容器などの比較的小径の金属製チューブ容器において、内容物を絞り出していくときに、肩部周縁部を胴部側に折り込むことによって内容物の残量をできるだけ少なくすることができる。 According to the present invention, in a metal tube container having a relatively small diameter such as a 5 g tube container or a 10 g tube container filled with contents such as an expensive pharmaceutical product, when the contents are squeezed out, the shoulder peripheral portion is squeezed. The remaining amount of the contents can be reduced as much as possible by folding it toward the body side.

内容物抽出試験結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the content extraction test result. 肩部肉厚が0.5mmと0.3mmのそれぞれの肩部の変形状態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the deformed state of each shoulder part which the shoulder part wall thickness is 0.5mm and 0.3mm. 均一肉厚の肩部を有する本発明の第1実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器の要部拡大断面図である。FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of an aluminum tube container according to a first embodiment of the present invention having a shoulder portion having a uniform wall thickness. 同チューブ容器の肩部周縁部のうちの一側部を胴部側に折り込んだ状態を示す要部拡大断面図である。It is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part which shows the state which one side part of the shoulder peripheral part of the tube container is folded toward the body side. 同チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法の第1のステップを示す正面図及び側面図である。It is a front view and the side view which shows the 1st step of the method of extracting the contents from the tube container. 同方法の第2のステップを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the 2nd step of the same method. 同方法の第3のステップを示す平面図及び底面図である。It is a top view and bottom view which shows the 3rd step of the same method. 同方法の第4のステップを示す平面図及び背面側から視た斜視図である。It is a plan view which shows the 4th step of the same method, and the perspective view seen from the back side. 本発明の第2実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器の要部拡大断面図である。It is an enlarged sectional view of the main part of the aluminum tube container which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 同チューブ容器を成形するための衝撃押出成形装置の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the impact extrusion molding apparatus for molding the tube container. 本発明の第3実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器の要部拡大断面図である。It is an enlarged sectional view of the main part of the aluminum tube container which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第4実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器の要部拡大断面図である。It is an enlarged sectional view of the main part of the aluminum tube container which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第5実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器の要部拡大側面図である。It is an enlarged side view of the main part of the aluminum tube container which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention.

以下、本発明の好適な実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

〔第1実施形態〕
図3は、本発明の第1実施形態に係るアルミニウム製の5gチューブ容器1を示し、該容器1は、内部にクリーム状製剤などの内容物が充填される円筒状胴部2と、胴部2の上端部に連設された円錐状肩部3と、肩部3の上端部に連設され且つ胴部2よりも小径の円筒状口部4とを一体に有している。口部4は容易に破断可能な封止膜5が一体成形され、この封止膜5によって口部4が封止されている。胴部2に内容物が充填された後、胴部の裾部(下端部)が折り締められて内容物が密封される。
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 3 shows a 5 g tube container 1 made of aluminum according to the first embodiment of the present invention, which is a cylindrical body 2 filled with contents such as a creamy preparation and a body. It integrally has a conical shoulder portion 3 connected to the upper end portion of 2 and a cylindrical mouth portion 4 connected to the upper end portion of the shoulder portion 3 and having a diameter smaller than that of the body portion 2. An easily breakable sealing film 5 is integrally molded in the mouth portion 4, and the mouth portion 4 is sealed by the sealing film 5. After the body portion 2 is filled with the contents, the hem portion (lower end portion) of the body portion is folded and the contents are sealed.

なお、本実施形態のチューブ容器1は、従来公知の衝撃押出法によって製造でき、衝撃押出成形後に口部4の外周にネジ山を転造によって成形することができる。 The tube container 1 of the present embodiment can be manufactured by a conventionally known impact extrusion method, and a screw thread can be formed by rolling on the outer periphery of the mouth portion 4 after impact extrusion molding.

胴部2は、外周面の直径が12.5〜15.0mmとされ、かかる小径の胴部2において内容物を押し出すために径方向に押し潰し可能とするために、胴部2の肉厚は0.09〜0.18mm、より好ましくは0.15mm以下とされている。また、肩部3の円錐形状の中心角θは100°〜150°、より好ましくは110°〜130°、より好ましくは115°〜125°とされている。 The body portion 2 has a diameter of 12.5 to 15.0 mm on the outer peripheral surface, and the wall thickness of the body portion 2 is such that the body portion 2 can be crushed in the radial direction in order to push out the contents in the body portion 2 having such a small diameter. Is 0.09 to 0.18 mm, more preferably 0.15 mm or less. The central angle θ of the conical shape of the shoulder portion 3 is 100 ° to 150 °, more preferably 110 ° to 130 °, and more preferably 115 ° to 125 °.

本実施形態では、肩部3は、0.3mm未満の略均一な肉厚に成形されており、好ましくは0.2mm以上の肉厚とすることができ、これにより健常な成人であれば親指や人差し指などの手の指の力で肩部3の周縁部を胴部側へ折り込み可能な変形容易性を肩部3に付与している。また、口部4と肩部3の接続部分の外周部にはRを設けないことが好ましく、これにより、口部4を胴部2側に押し込むように変形させることも、口部4を胴部2から遠ざけるように変形させることも容易となっている。 In the present embodiment, the shoulder portion 3 is formed to have a substantially uniform wall thickness of less than 0.3 mm, and can preferably have a wall thickness of 0.2 mm or more, whereby a healthy adult can use the thumb. The shoulder portion 3 is provided with a deformability that allows the peripheral edge portion of the shoulder portion 3 to be folded toward the body side by the force of a finger such as the index finger or the index finger. Further, it is preferable not to provide R on the outer peripheral portion of the connecting portion between the mouth portion 4 and the shoulder portion 3, so that the mouth portion 4 can be deformed so as to be pushed toward the body portion 2 side. It is also easy to deform it so as to move it away from the part 2.

5gチューブ容器1の肩部3の肉厚を0.3mm未満に薄肉化したことにより、図4に示すように、肩部3の周縁部のうちの周方向の任意の側部を、該側部に接続する胴部2の上端部近傍に重合させた状態で、該胴部上端部とともに胴部側に折り込むことが可能である。また、上記折り込み時に、口部4を胴部2側に押し込むことで、肩部3の円錐形状の中心角が広がって該肩部3を若干平坦に変形させると、肩部周縁部の裏面側への折り込みを一層容易に行えるようになる。 By thinning the wall thickness of the shoulder portion 3 of the 5 g tube container 1 to less than 0.3 mm, as shown in FIG. 4, any side portion in the circumferential direction of the peripheral portion of the shoulder portion 3 is set to the side thereof. It is possible to fold it toward the body side together with the upper end portion of the body portion in a state of being overlapped in the vicinity of the upper end portion of the body portion 2 connected to the portion. Further, when the mouth portion 4 is pushed toward the body portion 2 at the time of the folding, the central angle of the conical shape of the shoulder portion 3 is widened and the shoulder portion 3 is deformed slightly flatly, so that the back surface side of the shoulder portion peripheral portion is formed. It will be easier to fold into.

図5〜図8は、本実施形態のチューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法を示しており、特に肩部の内部の空間の内容物をそこから押し出すための方法を示している。なお、図示例では、例えば薬剤師が内容物を抽出する際に胴部の裾部を開いて裾部側から内容物を一度にすべて抽出するための方法を示しているが、口部を開口させて内容物を徐々に抽出していく場合にも同様の方法で肩部を変形させることができる。 FIGS. 5 to 8 show a method of extracting the contents from the tube container of the present embodiment, and particularly show a method for extruding the contents of the space inside the shoulder portion from the method. In the illustrated example, for example, when a pharmacist extracts the contents, the hem of the body is opened to extract all the contents from the hem side at once, but the mouth is opened. When the contents are gradually extracted, the shoulder portion can be deformed in the same manner.

肩部の内部の空間の内容物を押し出すには、図5に示すように、胴部の上端部近傍を直径方向両側から押しつぶす(以下、胴部を押しつぶす方向を「前後方向」という。)ことによって胴部の上端部近傍を略平坦とする。 In order to push out the contents of the space inside the shoulder, as shown in FIG. 5, the vicinity of the upper end of the torso is crushed from both sides in the diametrical direction (hereinafter, the direction in which the torso is crushed is referred to as the "front-back direction"). Makes the vicinity of the upper end of the body substantially flat.

次に、図6に示すように、肩部の周縁部のうち前後方向両側部を胴部側に折り込む。 Next, as shown in FIG. 6, both side portions in the front-rear direction of the peripheral edge portion of the shoulder portion are folded toward the body portion.

次に、図7に示すように、胴部の上端部近傍の部分が肩部の内面に沿うように胴部をその上端部において肩部に対して折り曲げて、胴部の上端部近傍を前後方向の一側部から肩部内面に向けて押し込む。 Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the torso is bent with respect to the shoulder at the upper end so that the portion near the upper end of the torso is along the inner surface of the shoulder, and the vicinity of the upper end of the torso is moved back and forth. Push in from one side of the direction toward the inner surface of the shoulder.

そして、図8に示すように、肩部の周縁部のうち左右両側部を胴部側に折り込む。 Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the left and right side portions of the peripheral edge portion of the shoulder portion are folded toward the body portion.

これにより、肩部の周縁部の前後左右の側部の内側に存在する内容物をそこから押し出すことができ、その後胴部をしっかりと押し潰していくことによって内容物を抽出できる。 As a result, the contents existing inside the front, rear, left, and right sides of the peripheral edge of the shoulder can be pushed out from there, and then the contents can be extracted by firmly crushing the body.

〔第2実施形態〕
図9は本発明の第2実施形態に係るアルミニウム製の5gチューブ容器1を示し、上記第1実施形態と同様の構成については同符号を付して詳細説明を省略し、異なる構成について説明する。
[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 9 shows an aluminum 5 g tube container 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, detailed description thereof will be omitted, and different configurations will be described. ..

本実施形態では、肩部3の断面形状が、口部側から胴部側に至るにしたがって徐々に厚肉となるテーパー状に形成されている。図示例では、肩部3の口部側の最小肉厚を0.09mm、胴部側の最大肉厚を0.4mmとし、肩部3の周縁部のうちの周方向の一側部を折り込むときの折り込み線部分の肉厚が0.3mm程度となるようにしている。なお、口部側最小肉厚は0.10〜0.20mmの範囲で適宜設計でき、また、胴部側最大肉厚は0.2〜0.4mmの範囲で設計することが好ましい。 In the present embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the shoulder portion 3 is formed in a tapered shape that gradually becomes thicker from the mouth portion side to the body portion side. In the illustrated example, the minimum wall thickness on the mouth side of the shoulder portion 3 is 0.09 mm, the maximum wall thickness on the body side is 0.4 mm, and one side of the peripheral portion of the shoulder portion 3 in the circumferential direction is folded. The wall thickness of the folding line portion is set to about 0.3 mm. The minimum wall thickness on the mouth side can be appropriately designed in the range of 0.10 to 0.20 mm, and the maximum wall thickness on the body side is preferably designed in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.

本実施形態のチューブ容器1は、図10に示す衝撃押出成形装置によって成形できる。該成形装置は、ダイベース10及びダイリング11により主構成されるプレスダイと、パンチシャフト12の先端にパンチヘッド13が取付けられてなるパンチと、エジェクターピン14とを備えている。チューブ容器の外面形状は主としてプレスダイによって定義され、チューブ容器の内面形状は主としてパンチヘッド13によって定義される。 The tube container 1 of the present embodiment can be molded by the impact extrusion molding apparatus shown in FIG. The molding apparatus includes a press die mainly composed of a die base 10 and a die ring 11, a punch having a punch head 13 attached to the tip of a punch shaft 12, and an ejector pin 14. The outer surface shape of the tube container is mainly defined by the press die, and the inner surface shape of the tube container is mainly defined by the punch head 13.

肩部3の断面形状を上記のようなテーパー状とするべく、パンチヘッド13の肩部内面成形部分の中心角が、ダイベース10の肩部外面成形部分の中心角よりも僅かに小さくされており、これにより、肩部3の外周面の中心角は約120°、肩部3の内周面の中心角は約113°となるようにチューブ容器がインパクト成形される。 In order to make the cross-sectional shape of the shoulder portion 3 tapered as described above, the central angle of the shoulder inner surface molded portion of the punch head 13 is slightly smaller than the central angle of the shoulder outer surface molded portion of the die base 10. As a result, the tube container is impact-molded so that the central angle of the outer peripheral surface of the shoulder portion 3 is about 120 ° and the central angle of the inner peripheral surface of the shoulder portion 3 is about 113 °.

このように、肩部3の最小肉厚部分を口部4の裾部に設けることで、口部成形領域に設置されたスラグをパンチヘッド13で衝撃押出成形する際の材料流動性が確保され、量産に適した構造としつつも肩部3の折り込み変形性を確保できる。 By providing the minimum wall thickness portion of the shoulder portion 3 at the hem portion of the mouth portion 4 in this way, the material fluidity when the slag installed in the mouth portion forming region is impact-extruded by the punch head 13 is ensured. , While the structure is suitable for mass production, the folding deformability of the shoulder portion 3 can be ensured.

〔第3実施形態〕
図11は本発明の第3実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器を示し、本実施形態では、肩部の外周面の母線(稜線が湾曲することで肩部の母線方向中央部の肉厚が最も薄肉となされており、母線方向中央部の肩部の肉厚は0.10mm、口部及び胴部近傍の肩部の肉厚は0.4mm程度とされている。なお、母線方向中央部の肩部の肉厚は、0.10mm〜0.20mmの範囲で適宜設計できる。
[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 11 shows an aluminum tube container according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the central portion of the shoulder portion in the generatrix direction is the largest due to the curvature of the generatrix ( ridge line ) of the outer peripheral surface of the shoulder portion. It is thin, and the thickness of the shoulder at the center in the direction of the generatrix is 0.10 mm, and the thickness of the shoulder near the mouth and body is about 0.4 mm. The wall thickness of the shoulder portion at the center in the bus direction can be appropriately designed in the range of 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm.

〔第4実施形態〕
図12は本発明の第4実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器を示し、本実施形態では、肩部の内周面の母線(稜線が湾曲することで肩部の母線方向中央部の肉厚が最も薄肉となされており、母線方向中央部の肩部の肉厚は0.10mm、口部及び胴部近傍の肩部の肉厚は0.4mm程度とされている。なお、母線方向中央部の肩部の肉厚は、0.10mm〜0.20mmの範囲で適宜設計できる。
[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 12 shows an aluminum tube container according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the central portion of the shoulder portion in the generatrix direction is increased by bending the generatrix ( ridge line ) of the inner peripheral surface of the shoulder portion. It is the thinnest, and the thickness of the shoulder at the center in the bus direction is 0.10 mm, and the thickness of the shoulder near the mouth and body is about 0.4 mm. The wall thickness of the shoulder portion at the center in the bus direction can be appropriately designed in the range of 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm.

なお、肩部の内周面及び外周面の母線の両方を湾曲させることも可能である。 It is also possible to bend both the generatrix of the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the shoulder portion.

〔第5実施形態〕
図13は本発明の第5実施形態に係るアルミチューブ容器1を示しており、本実施形態では、肩部3の外周面に、放射方向全長にわたって延びる凹部6が周方向に複数設けられている。なお、図示実施形態の凹部6はなだらかな谷状に形成されている。凹部6の底部における最も薄肉の部分の肩部3の肉厚d1は0.10mm〜0.20mm、凹部6が設けられていない最も厚肉の部分の肩部3の肉厚d2は0.2〜0.6mm、より好ましくは0.3〜0.4mmとすることができる。
[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 13 shows the aluminum tube container 1 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a plurality of recesses 6 extending in the radial direction are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the shoulder portion 3 in the circumferential direction. .. The recess 6 of the illustrated embodiment is formed in a gentle valley shape. The wall thickness d1 of the shoulder portion 3 of the thinnest portion at the bottom of the recess 6 is 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm, and the wall thickness d2 of the shoulder portion 3 of the thickest portion without the recess 6 is 0.2. It can be ~ 0.6 mm, more preferably 0.3 ~ 0.4 mm.

なお、凹部6の数及び各凹部6の幅は、肩部3の周縁部を裏面側に折り込み変形可能な範囲で適宜設計できる。また、凹部は肩部3の内周面に設けてもよく、また、外周面と内周面の両方に設けることも可能である。 The number of recesses 6 and the width of each recess 6 can be appropriately designed within a range in which the peripheral edge of the shoulder portion 3 can be folded toward the back surface and deformed. Further, the recess may be provided on the inner peripheral surface of the shoulder portion 3, or may be provided on both the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface.

本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、適宜設計変更できる。例えば、肩部周縁部の折り込み方の他の例として、軸方向から視て肩部の外縁形状が略三角形状となるように、肩部周縁部の周方向3箇所の側部をそれぞれ胴部側に折り込むこともできる。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the design can be changed as appropriate. For example, as another example of how to fold the shoulder peripheral portion, the body portion of each of the three side portions in the circumferential direction of the shoulder peripheral portion is formed so that the outer edge shape of the shoulder portion is substantially triangular when viewed from the axial direction. You can also fold it to the side.

Claims (5)

内容物を押し出すために径方向に押し潰し可能な円筒状胴部と、該胴部の上端部に設けられた円錐状肩部と、該肩部の上端部に設けられ且つ前記胴部よりも小径の円筒状口部とを一体に有し、前記胴部の外周面の直径が10.0〜19.5mm、前記胴部の肉厚が0.09〜0.18mm、前記肩部の円錐形状の中心角が100°〜150°であり、前記肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で前記胴部側に折り込み可能に構成した金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法であって、
前記胴部の上端部近傍を直径方向両側から押しつぶす(以下、胴部を押しつぶす方向を「前後方向」という。)ことによって前記胴部の上端部近傍を略平坦と
次に、前記肩部の周縁部のうち前後方向両側部を前記胴部側に折り込
次に、前記胴部の上端部近傍の部分が前記肩部の内面に沿うように前記胴部の上端部近傍を前後方向の一側部から前記肩部内面に向けて押し込
次に、前記肩部の周縁部のうち左右両側部を胴部側に折り込
これにより肩部の周縁部の前後左右の側部の内側に存在する内容物をそこから押し出すことを特徴とする金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法。
A cylindrical body that can be crushed in the radial direction to push out the contents, a conical shoulder provided at the upper end of the body, and a more than the body provided at the upper end of the shoulder. It has a small-diameter cylindrical mouth integrally, the diameter of the outer peripheral surface of the body is 10.0 to 19.5 mm, the wall thickness of the body is 0.09 to 0.18 mm, and the cone of the shoulder. A method of extracting the contents from a metal tube container having a central angle of 100 ° to 150 ° and a structure in which the peripheral edge of the shoulder can be folded toward the body by the force of a human finger. ,
Crush the vicinity of the upper end portion of the barrel diameter opposite sides (hereinafter, a direction to crush the body portion of "front-rear direction".) Substantially a flat upper end portion vicinity of the barrel by,
Next, look write folding rear direction both sides of the peripheral portion of the shoulder portion to the body portion side,
Next, Push toward the upper end vicinity of the body portion as the upper end portion in the vicinity of the body portion along the inner surface of the shoulder portion from the longitudinal direction of the one side to the shoulder inner surface,
Then, the left and right side portions seen write folding body portion side of the peripheral portion of the shoulder portion,
A method of extracting the contents from a metal tube container, which is characterized in that the contents existing inside the front, rear, left, and right sides of the peripheral edge of the shoulder are extruded from the contents.
請求項1に記載の金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法において、前記金属製チューブ容器は、前記肩部を0.3mm未満の略均一肉厚とすることにより前記肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で前記胴部側に折り込み可能に構成されている、金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法 In the method for extracting the contents from the metal tube container according to claim 1, the metal tube container has a substantially uniform wall thickness of less than 0.3 mm so that the peripheral portion of the shoulder portion is formed. A method of extracting contents from a metal tube container that is configured to be foldable toward the body side by the force of a human finger. 請求項1に記載の金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法において、前記金属製チューブ容器は、前記肩部の断面形状を、前記口部側から前記胴部側に至るにしたがって徐々に厚肉となるテーパー状とし、且つ、前記口部側の最小肉厚を0.10mm〜0.20mm、前記胴部側の最大肉厚を0.4mm以下とすることにより、前記肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で前記胴部側に折り込み可能に構成されている、金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法A method of extracting the contents from a metal tube container according to claim 1, wherein the metallic tube container, the sectional shape of the shoulder portion, the thickness gradually according reaching the body portion side from the inlet side The peripheral portion of the shoulder portion is formed into a tapered shape to be a meat, and the minimum wall thickness on the mouth side is 0.10 mm to 0.20 mm and the maximum wall thickness on the body side is 0.4 mm or less. A method of extracting the contents from a metal tube container, which is configured to be foldable toward the body side by the force of a human finger. 請求項1に記載の金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法において、前記金属製チューブ容器は、前記肩部の外周面及び/又は内周面に、放射方向に延びる凹部が周方向に複数設けられ、前記凹部の底部における前記肩部の肉厚を0.10mm〜0.20mmとすることにより、前記肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で前記胴部側に折り込み可能に構成されている、金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法 In the method for extracting the contents from the metal tube container according to claim 1, the metal tube container has a plurality of concave portions extending in the radial direction on the outer peripheral surface and / or the inner peripheral surface of the shoulder portion in the circumferential direction. provided by the wall thickness of the shoulder portion in the bottom of the recess and 0.10Mm~0.20Mm, foldable so configured on the barrel side peripheral edge of the shoulder portion by the force of a human finger How to extract the contents from a metal tube container . 請求項1に記載の金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法において、前記金属製チューブ容器は、前記肩部の外周面及び/又は内周面の母線が湾曲することで前記肩部の母線方向中央部の肉厚が最も薄肉となされており、該母線方向中央部の前記肩部の肉厚は0.10mm〜0.20mmとされ、これにより前記肩部の周縁部を人の指の力で前記胴部側に折り込み可能に構成されている、金属製チューブ容器から内容物を抽出する方法A method of extracting the contents from a metal tube container according to claim 1, wherein the metallic tube container, the generatrix of the shoulder portion by the generatrix of the outer peripheral surface and / or the inner peripheral surface of the shoulder portion is curved have been made the thickness direction central portion and the thinnest wall thickness of the shoulder portion of the generatrix direction central portion is a 0.10Mm~0.20Mm, thereby the person's finger the periphery of the shoulder portion A method of extracting contents from a metal tube container that is configured to be foldable toward the body side by force.
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