JP6968433B2 - How to learn special logging techniques - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method of learning a special logging technique, and more particularly to a method of learning a lowering technique required for special logging work.

For example, a technology for safely logging trees, such as a technology for logging trees that have grown to the immediate vicinity of railway overhead lines and railroad tracks, without interfering with railway operations, is called a special logging technology.

Special logging is usually carried out in places where it is difficult for aerial work platforms to enter, so it is normal to use human power while using tools, and the felled trees fall onto railroad tracks and overhead lines. It is necessary to control it so that it does not come into contact with or touch. It is also necessary to prevent the felled tree from coming into contact with the trunk of the tree, falling to the ground, or giving an impact to the worker. As described above, special logging technology requires knowledge and skills not only in the form of trees but also in various technical fields from physical laws to risk management.

For example, in special logging, it is possible to control the fall of cut branches and trunks, thereby preventing accidents such as impact on workers, falling into restricted areas, and contact / cutting with electric wires. Disclosed is a technique that provides a method for cutting trees that can be cut. (For example, Patent Document 1).

Further, a special logging tool that can be used at low cost and can realize various rope works by one worker is also disclosed (for example, Patent Document 2).

Patent No. 5850481 Patent No. 2016-15954

However, the above patent documents relate to the technology applied at the actual cutting site, and as mentioned above, as the requirements for specialist human resources in the field of special cutting, not only the technical aspect but also the physical law and risk management. Since it is required to improve the knowledge and skills in the technical aspects such as, it is difficult to improve the skills as a professional human resource only by improving the skills only in the practical place.

In particular, one of the elemental technologies in special logging, the technology called lowering, which reduces the falling force of the trunk during trunk cutting work, has a high degree of difficulty, and the technology to adjust the falling force while taking into account the laws of physics is , Required for special logging ground workers.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for safely and efficiently learning about a special logging technique, particularly a technique called lowering.

One embodiment of the present invention is a method for learning a special logging technique, wherein the first rigging slide is passed through a first rigging slide installed in a construction technique acquisition device installed substantially upright with respect to the ground. A step of attaching one end of a tree to one end of a rigging line, a step of dropping the tree, and a step of removing the tree from one end to the first rigging line by bringing the tree into contact with a drop angle control device. The other end of the tree is connected to one end of a second rigging line passed through the second rigging slide, and the second rigging slide is the first rigging slide of the construction technique acquisition device. It includes a step fixed downward with respect to the tree and a step of dropping a tree at a predetermined angle.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for safely and efficiently learning about a special logging technique, particularly a technique called lowering.

It is a figure which shows an example of the process of dropping a tree among the learning methods of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the process of controlling the drop angle of a tree among the learning methods of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the process of performing the twirl of a tree among the learning methods of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining how a tree is removed from a rigging line in the learning method of the special logging technique by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining an example of the apparatus for attaching a tree to be a fall target to a hook by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram explaining another example of the apparatus for attaching a tree to be a fall target to a hook by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the learning method of the special logging technique by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a 6-factor graph by the fall speed and time from the tree, the braking, the impact on the trunk, and the impact on the ground (workpiece) according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

The contents of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in a list. The learning method of the special logging technique according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
[Item 1]
It ’s a learning method for special logging techniques.
A step of attaching one end of a tree to one end of the first rigging line passed through the first rigging pulley installed in the construction technique acquisition device installed almost upright with respect to the ground.
The steps to drop the tree and
A step of removing the tree from one end to the first rigging line by bringing the tree into contact with the drop angle control device, wherein the other end of the tree is passed through a second rigging pulley. The second rigging pulley, which is connected to one end of the rigging line, is fixed downward with respect to the first rigging pulley of the construction technique acquisition device.
A learning method that includes a step of dropping a tree at a predetermined angle.
[Item 2]
The learning method according to item 1, wherein the other end of the first rigging line is connected to a winch arranged near the ground.
[Item 3]
The first rigging line is described in item 1, wherein one end of the first rigging line is a hook, one end of the tree is attached with an eye plate, and the hook can be connected to the eye plate. Learning method.
[Item 4]
The learning method according to item 3, wherein the eye plate is removed from the hook by the momentum when the tree comes into contact with the drop angle control device.
[Item 5]
The second rigging line is described in item 1, wherein the other end of the second rigging line includes a step of connecting to a drop control device capable of generating a braking force, which is arranged near the ground of the construction technique acquisition device. Learning method.

Hereinafter, a method of learning the special logging technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a step of dropping a tree among the learning methods of the special logging technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 1 (a) and 1 (b) each disclose a construction technique learning system 1.

First, in FIG. 1A, the construction technology learning system 1 includes a construction technology learning device 11 installed substantially upright with respect to the ground, and a rigging slide 13 installed near the upper end of the construction technology learning device 11. It is configured to have a drop angle control device 16 which is below the rigging slide 13 and is installed near the middle stage of the construction technique learning device, and a rigging slide 17 which is installed below the drop angle control device 16. ..

The construction technique learning device 11 can be, for example, a tree. As described above, it is preferable to have a sufficient thickness and strength for the convenience of installing various devices such as a rigging pulley, and it is preferable to have a sufficient height for learning lowering.

The rigging pulley 13 is installed near the upper end of the construction technique learning device 11. When the construction technique learning device is a tree, the rigging pulley 13 can be installed by wrapping a belt with a ratchet around a trunk or a branch near the upper end. It does not have to be near the upper end, but at least above the tree to be dropped, and may be high enough for learning lowering. Further, it is preferable that the rigging pulley 13 can absorb the impact of the tree to be dropped.

The drop angle control device 16 is installed in the construction technique learning device 11 below the rigging pulley 13. The drop angle control device 16 receives a tree to be dropped, which is dropped from the direction of the rigging pulley 13 installed above. As the drop angle control device 16, for example, it is conceivable to use a member such as a log generated from a tree. The drop angle control device 16 can adjust the bounce speed and angle of the tree to be dropped according to the mounting position and angle of the drop angle control device 16 with respect to the construction technique learning device 11.

The rigging pulley 17 is installed in the construction technique learning device 11 further below the drop angle control device 16. When the construction technique learning device 11 is a tree, the rigging pulley 17 can be installed by wrapping a belt with a ratchet around a trunk or a branch.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the rigging line 14 is passed through the rigging pulley 13, and one end of the tree 20 to be dropped is attached to one end of the rigging line 14. Although not shown, the other end of the rigging line 14 is connected to a braking device (for example, an engine winch) installed near the ground, and an operator operates the braking device to adjust the height of the tree 20.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, one end of the rigging line 14 and one end of the tree 20 are hooked on the hook 22 provided on the rigging line 14 side to the eye plate 23 provided on the tree 20 side. Be connected. As shown in FIG. 5, the eye plate 23 is made of stainless steel, and the connecting portion with the hook can be made into an annular shape, and the fixing portion with the tree can be made into a plate shape.

Alternatively, as another example of the member connecting the tree 20 to the hook, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper end of the tree 20 is cut into a mortar shape, and the concave portion formed by the cutting has an annular portion connected to the hook. A member 24 that fixes the annular portion and has an inverted conical portion that is fitted into the tree 20 can be used. In this example, since the member 24 is fixed to the tree 20 so that the upper end of the annular portion of the member 24 is located on the same plane as the upper end of the tree 20 or below it, the falling tree 20 is on the ground. Even if the annular portion comes into contact with the ground, the annular portion can be prevented from being damaged because the surrounding area is covered with the tree 20.

By connecting the hook 22 to the annular portion of the eye plate 23 in this way, the tree 20 can be lifted by the rigging line 14. The connection method between the rigging line 14 and the tree 20 is not limited to this, and as described later, another known method shall be used as long as the connection between the rigging line 14 and the tree 20 is automatically disconnected. You can also.

Returning to FIG. 1A, the other end of the tree 20 is connected to one end of the rigging line 15. Unlike the connection between the rigging line 14 and the tree 20 described above, the rigging line 15 and the tree 20 are always connected so as to be fixed. As a connection method, a method of connecting one end of the rigging line 15 to the tree 20 or a method of fixing an eye plate or the like to the other end of the tree 20 and connecting the rigging line 15 to the annular portion of the eye plate can be considered.

Further, the rigging line 15 is passed through the rigging pulley 17 and is connected to the drop control device 18 installed near the ground of the construction technique learning device 11 as shown in FIG. As the fall control device 18, a porter lap capable of generating braking force is fixed to the tree, and the operator 19 operates the rigging line wound around the porter wrap to brake and wind the fall of the tree 20. ..

Hereinafter, a method of learning the special logging technique according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 7.

First, in learning the special logging technique, the tree 20 is set at a predetermined position (S101). For example, by operating a braking device (for example, an engine winch) installed near the ground (not shown), a predetermined tree 20 connected to the rigging line 14 is designated as shown in FIG. 1 (a). The rigging line 14 is fixed by a backup device (not shown) in a state of being pulled up to the height of the above. The predetermined height means the height required for learning lowering (for example, about 15 meters above the ground).

Next, the tree 20 is dropped (S102). For example, by removing the backup device (not shown) from the rigging line 14, the operator controls the drop angle of the tree 20 connected to the rigging line 14 as shown in FIG. 1 (b). Drop it toward the device 16.

Next, the drop angle of the tree 20 is controlled by bringing the tree 20 into contact with the drop angle control device 16 (S103). For example, when the tree 20 is dropped in the above-mentioned step, as shown in FIG. 2A, the tree 20 comes into contact with the drop angle control device 16 due to gravity. When the tree 20 comes into contact with the drop angle control device 16, the repulsive action causes the tree 20 to rebound in a direction different from the conventional drop direction. That is, it behaves as if it jumps up with respect to the drop angle control device 16. At the same time, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the annular portion of the eye plate 23 fixed to the tree 20 is lifted, so that the load on the hook is lost, and the pulling force of the spring attached to the hook 22 is also combined to determine the predetermined value. By rotating the hook 22 having a mechanism that rotates within the range of, the rigging line 14 is removed from the tree 20, whereby the connection between the rigging line 14 and the tree 20 is automatically disconnected. As a result, the tree 20 is released from the rigging line 14 and continues to fall at a predetermined angle. This state is similar to the state in which the part to be cut (for example, the trunk or branch of a tree) cut with a chainsaw or a saw falls in special logging, and it can be said that the lowering environment in the field is reproduced.

Next, the falling speed of the tree 20 is controlled (S104). For example, as shown in FIG. 2B, the tree 20 falls at a predetermined angle while being connected to the rigging line 15. As described above, as shown in FIG. 3, the worker 19 on the ground can brake and wind the fall of the tree 20 by using the fall control device 18 (for example, a porter wrap).

Here, with reference to FIG. 8, the factors to be considered in the learning of lowering will be examined. FIG. 8 is a 6-factor graph showing the falling speed and time from the tree, braking, impact on the trunk, and impact on the ground (geographical feature). The main factors are 1) fall speed, 2) fall time, 3) impact on the trunk, 4) height from the ground to the tree, 5) ground and work line, 6) ground and work part. Impact etc. can be mentioned.

Regarding the falling speed, as shown in FIG. 8, the faster the falling speed of the cut tree from the tree level to the ground level, the greater the impact on the work (for example, railroad track), and in the worst case, destruction. It may reach. In particular, the impact on the work is maximized in a state close to free fall. On the contrary, in a state close to free fall, the rope attached to the cut tree is not braked, and therefore the canopy does not shake, so that the climber's safety is high.

On the other hand, if the braking to the rope is sharply increased in order to sharply reduce the falling speed, the sway of the canopy becomes maximum and the risk of the climber falling becomes serious. Therefore, by gradually weakening the deceleration braking from medium to gradually lowering the falling speed, the falling speed can be lowered while suppressing the shaking of the canopy, and the safety of the climber while suppressing the impact on the work piece. Can be secured.

In this way, the impact on the work and the safety of the climber are in a trade-off relationship, and in order to achieve these balances, adjusting the fall speed and deceleration braking is a particularly important task at the stage of lowering special logging. Become.

Therefore, through the learning method of special logging in the present embodiment, the ground worker who performs the lowering work while experiencing the fall of the tree many times sets the fall control device for appropriately adjusting the fall speed of the tree. It becomes possible to learn the operation. For example, the worker can learn the optimum number of turns for winding a rope around a porter wrap through this learning method. In addition, by adjusting the height of the initial setting, the weight of the tree to be dropped, the setting of the drop angle adjusting device, etc., it is possible to repeat learning while assuming various actual work environments.

The 6-factor graph of FIG. 8 can be displayed on, for example, a display device of a terminal carried by the worker as a tool for enhancing the learning effect of the worker, and the worker performs lowering by this learning method. By plotting the fall distance, fall speed, deceleration amount, etc. measured at that time on this graph, it is possible to confirm which arrow on the graph the worker's proficiency level is located on.

The embodiments described above are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the interpretation of the present invention. It goes without saying that the present invention can be modified and improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention includes its equivalents.

1 Special logging learning system 11 Construction technique learning device 13 Rigging pulley 14 Rigging line 15 Rigging line 16 Drop angle adjustment device 17 Rigging pulley 18 Drop control device 19 Ground worker 22 Hook 23 Eye plate 24 Fixing member

Claims (6)

It is a method to show the proficiency level of special logging techniques.
A step to measure information about the falling speed of a falling object when the worker performs the lowering work, and
A method comprising the step of presenting the proficiency level of the worker based on the measured information. The step of presenting the proficiency level is
The method according to claim 1, wherein the proficiency level is presented at least based on the relationship between the falling speed of the falling object and the time. The step of presenting the proficiency level is
The method according to claim 2, comprising displaying at least a graph showing the relationship between the falling speed of the falling object and time. The lowering work is
A step of attaching one end of a tree to one end of the first rigging line passed through the first rigging pulley installed in the construction technique acquisition device installed almost upright with respect to the ground.
The steps to drop the tree and
A step of removing the tree from one end to the first rigging line by bringing the tree into contact with the drop angle control device, wherein the other end of the tree is passed through a second rigging pulley. The second rigging pulley, which is connected to one end of the rigging line, is fixed downward with respect to the first rigging pulley of the construction technique acquisition device.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the step of dropping a tree at a predetermined angle. A program for learning special logging techniques
On the computer
The process of acquiring information on the falling speed of falling objects when the worker performs the lowering work, and
A program for executing a process of presenting the proficiency level of the worker based on the acquired information. A system for learning special logging techniques
A measuring means for measuring information on the falling speed when the worker performs the lowering work, and
A learning system including an information processing device means for presenting the proficiency level of the worker based on the measured data.

Images