JPH0661189B2 - Wood debranching method and overhead wire carrier for wood - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wood pruning method and a wood overhead wire carrying device suitable for removing branches while collecting lumber felled in a forest, for example.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, in order to collect lumber in slopes, valleys, rivers, depressions, forests where there are tree stocks, rocks, etc., the branches of felled timber are cut with a tool such as a chain saw and then fixed. I was collecting data in a place.

At this time, there is a method called a running skyline method as shown in FIG. 7 as a method for lifting and transporting timber in the air by an overhead wire in order to collect wood in a forest where sloping land exists, for example.

That is, by driving a motor or the like, for example, a pair of first and second winch portions 2'provided on the carriage so as to be rotatable at the same speed.
A, 2'B, upper overhead wire 3 and lower overhead wire 4 whose ends 3a, 4a are wound around the winch portions 2'A, 2'B so that they can be wound and unwound, and a certain height of the standing tree 30 and the like. A base frame portion 32 to which the other end 3b of the upper overhead wire 3 is fixed via a direction-changing constant pulley 31 installed on the base frame portion 32; Of the two movable sheaves 33, 33 movably mounted on the upper overhead wire section 3A of the above; for transporting an object to be transported such as wood K to the other end 4b side of the lower overhead wire 4 for binding. A carrier 35 formed by a suspension pulley 34 mounted below the base frame 32.
The structure consists of and.

Reference numerals 36 and 37 are anchor portions for fixing the upper overhead wire 3 or the lower overhead wire 4 to which one end is bonded and which prevents the wire from being pulled out.

In order to carry the wood K or the like, first, a desired one end side (the tip of the nose) of the wood K or the like, which has been debranched by a tool such as a chain saw, is bound to the one end 4b of the lower overhead wire 4. After that, by driving the first and second pair of winch portions 2'A, 2'B, which are wound on the respective ends 3a, 4a and have different rotation directions, by a motor or the like, the drum body 1 ',
1 "are respectively rotated to feed out the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 at the same speed in the directions indicated by the contradictory arrows a and b, and when they are wound up, the base frame portion 32 to which the one end 3b of the upper overhead wire 3 is bonded.
Since the carrier 35 having the above is moved by receiving the tensile force of the lower overhead wire 4 while being guided by the upper overhead wire portion 3A of the upper overhead wire 3, the suspension pulley 3 installed at the lower portion of the carrier 35.
The wood K whose one end (nose side) is bound by the other end 4b (tip) of the lower overhead wire 4 wound around 4 is transported to a desired place while being suspended in the air along the slope H and Done.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

By the way, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 11, the conventional overhead line transportation method called so-called running skyline is
Two wire ropes with different rotation directions (upper overhead line 3
And a lower overhead wire 4) are wound up and down in opposite directions, and a set of winch parts 2'A, 2'B and a carrying device 35 are compact and have a simple structure. Since the timber K is hung by a rope (lower overhead wire 4) using the trees 30 that are vegetated in the area, the timber K is transported while being lifted. Therefore, slopes H, valleys, rivers, depressions, trees, rocks, etc. It can be said that this method is suitable for transporting timber, etc. in a narrow space such as a forest where obstacles exist.

However, the overhead wire carrier used when performing the above-mentioned conventional method is a drum element for forming the first and second winch portions 2'A, 2'B for winding the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4. The body 1, 1 "is formed on a substantially cylindrical drum body 1'where flanges 1'a, 1'a are simply provided on both left and right ends as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, or 10
As shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 11, since the drum-shaped drum body 1 ″ is used in which the substantially central portion 1 ″ a of the outer periphery has a smaller diameter than the outer peripheral portions 1 ″ b of the left and right, the upper overhead wire 3 and When winding or unwinding the lower overhead wire 4, the torque of the upper overhead wire 3 and / or the lower overhead wire 4 changes inside and outside in the axial direction of the drum bodies 1 ′, 1 ″, so that the moving speed is different, The tension of winding and unwinding the upper overhead wire 3 and / or the lower overhead wire 4 changes. Further, when the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 are wound or unwound, they are regularly arranged and not wound or unwound, so-called overhead wires are overlapped with each other, or they are muffled to be in a randomly wound state. . Therefore, the upper overhead line 3 and the lower overhead line 4 are
Tension or slack causes the wood K to move intermittently rather than smoothly during transportation, or to cause a difference in height, so that the wood K to be hoisted may cause roll or collapse of the load. Was occurring.

Further, conventionally, in order to collect lumber in a mountain field by a running skyline method or the like, since the branches of the timber are usually cut off using a tool such as a chain saw, the timber K is transported, It takes a lot of time and labor from the process of removing the branches to the end of the gathering of the wood K, and there is a drawback that the work efficiency required for transportation becomes low.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and one is that a surface direction in which at least one of a plurality of drum bodies intersects the other drum body slightly from the same installation surface. The first overhead winch part on the payout side and the second winch part on the hoisting side, which are arranged side by side so as to be displaced, and the upper overhead wire and the lower overhead wire are wound at approximately the same speed in opposite directions. A step of frying; a step of binding a base frame portion to the other end of the upper overhead wire; and a movable pulley mounted on the upper overhead wire of the upper overhead wire to make the suspended carrier movable. A step of transporting the root side of the timber so that it can be hoisted by the lower overhead wire whose other end is wound around a hoisting pulley provided at the lower part of the frame part, and a cutter unit having a blade oriented in the moving direction of the timber It consists of a process of fixing the set at a substantially fixed position on the outer circumference of the wood, The upper and lower overhead wires are unwound and hoisted substantially in synchronism with each other, and the wood is hung and moved in the axial direction away from the cutter unit via the carrier while branching by the cutter unit. The purpose of this is to provide a method for removing wood that allows efficient work efficiency during transportation by adopting a method of removing the wood.

A second embodiment of the present invention is an overhead line carrier for wood or the like, which has a first winch part on the payout side and a second winch part on the hoisting side that are rotatably provided at substantially the same speed in opposite directions. , The upper overhead wire and the lower overhead wire whose one end side is wound around the winch portion so that they can be wound up and unwound, and the other end of the upper overhead wire is fixed through a fixed pulley for direction change installed at a fixed position. Base frame part; a plurality of movable pulleys rotatably mounted on the upper part of the base frame part and movably mounted on the upper overhead line; the other end of the lower overhead line capable of suspending wood as a transported object In an overhead wire carrier for wood or the like, which is composed of a carrier that is wound around and is formed by a suspension pulley mounted below the base frame, a plurality of the first winch and the second winch are provided. At least one of the drum bodies of The grooves are arranged side by side so as to be displaced in a surface direction slightly intersecting with the same installation surface, and a groove in which the inner peripheral surface of the upper overhead wire or the lower overhead wire can be closely contacted is formed continuously on the outer periphery of the drum element body, A means has been adopted in which a cutter unit having a blade body oriented in the moving direction of the wood is set at a substantially fixed position so as to be settable on the outer circumference of the wood and away from the carrier.

〔Example〕

1 to 6, a wood branching method as a specific invention of the present invention will be described with reference to an apparatus using the details of one embodiment thereof.

In this embodiment, the same parts as those in FIGS. 7 to 11 are the same parts.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum element body having a substantially cylindrical overall shape for forming a pair of the winch portions 2A and 2B for winding and unwinding.
In this embodiment, the upper overhead line 3 is composed of two pairs,
A pair of winch portions 2A and 2B for winding and feeding are formed by arranging the lower overhead wire 4 in front of and behind or in the vertical direction with respect to the feeding direction or the winding direction. One of the two drum element pairs 1, 1; 1, 1 is provided, for example, the drum element bodies 1, 1 provided at the rear portion of the winding side or the front portion of the feeding side are the other drum elements. The bodies 1 and 1 are arranged with a slight inclination angle θ of, for example, 5 ° to 8 ° on a direction plane (for example, a vertical plane) intersecting the same installation plane (for example, a horizontal plane). In this way, one of the drum bodies 1 is installed at a slight inclination angle θ ° with respect to the other drum body 1, because the grooves 5 and 5 provided on the outer circumference of the drum bodies 1 and 1 are arranged on the upper overhead line 3 And by slightly displacing the lower overhead wire 4 in the moving direction, the winding and payout with the upper overhead wire 3 or the lower overhead wire 4 are smoothly performed at substantially synchronized speeds,
This is for the purpose of preventing so-called overlapping of overhead lines, burrowing and irregular winding.

Further, the pair of two drum bodies 1, 1; 1, 1 are rotated by passively receiving the rotational force from the motor M by, for example, a motor M as a drive source and appropriate power transmission components such as a pulley and a belt.

Reference numeral 5 denotes an upper overhead wire 3, which is provided so as to face (out of the same direction) the outer peripheral surfaces of the drum bodies 1, 1;
Or, the lower overhead wire 4 is sequentially wound adjacently in the left-right direction,
The groove 5 is a groove to be accommodated, and this groove 5 is approximately 1/3 of the inner peripheral surface of the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 as a wire rope.
It is formed into a semi-circular cross-section which is continuous in the left-right direction so as to be closely contacted with each other (see FIG. 4). In this embodiment, about 6 grooves 5 each having a substantially semicircular cross section are continuously formed.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, reference numeral 6 denotes a cutter unit for cutting off the branches k in order to collect the timber K felled in the mountains, and the cutter unit 6 grips the timber K, for example. For this purpose, a substantially C-shaped pawl half 9A pivotally attached to the main body 8 by a shaft 7 so as to be openable and closable above the approximately middle portion,
9B and one end of each of the claw halves 9A, 9B is pivotally attached to the upper end 9A ₁ , 9B ₁ by a shaft 10 and the other end is slidably inserted into a vertically long guide hole 8a provided in the main body 8. A pair of links 12, 12 that are pivotally attached to each other by a shaft 11;
A shackle 13 whose lower end is pivotally attached to the shaft 11 so as to be vertically movable, and one direction near the inner circumference of the claw halves 9A, 9B in the moving direction of the wood K (direction orthogonal to the radial direction). It is formed from substantially semi-annular blades 14A and 14B provided facing each other.

In FIG. 1, 15 is a rope for attaching the cutter unit 6 to, for example, a standing tree 16, and 17 is a constant pulley.

The configuration of the apparatus used in this specific invention is configured as described above, and the details of the specific invention will be described for each step along with the operation.

First, as a first step, for example
A desired position of the wood K felled by a saw or the like, for example, a tip (root) side is tied up by one end 4b (tip) of the lower overhead wire 4 wound around a suspension pulley 34 provided at a lower portion of the carrier 35 and lifted up. Prepare for

As a second step, the first and second set of winch parts 2A, 2
By driving a motor M of B, the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 whose one ends 3a and 4a are wound around the drum bodies 1, 1 which are appropriately arranged in parallel (two in this embodiment) are opposite to each other. Take out at the same speed in the directions of arrows a and b and wind up.

That is, the upper overhead wire 3 is unwound from the drum bodies 1, 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow A, and the lower overhead wire 4 is wound by the drum bodies 1, 1 in the direction indicated by the arrow B.

At this time, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, on the outer circumference of the drum bodies 1, 1; 1, 1 of the first and second winch portions 2A, 2B, as shown in FIGS. Is 6
Since each of them is continuously formed, the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 come into close contact with the groove 5 at about 1/3 of the inner peripheral surface thereof, and the friction coefficient μ becomes large and slip does not occur. As a result, the fibers are regularly wound in the groove 5 without being twisted in the left-right direction and the permutation is not disturbed, or the tape is unwound from the groove 5.

At this time, since the drum base bodies 1 and 1 are formed in two pairs, the contact distance to the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 is longer than in the case where the drum base body 1 is one, and therefore, the substantially opposite positions. The holding power for the grooves 5 and 5 existing in the groove is improved. At this time, for example, a surface (for example, a vertical surface) where the drum bodies 1, 1 located at one of the rear portion of the winding side or the front portion of the feeding side intersect the other with the same installation surface (for example, horizontal plane). ) Side is displaced by a slight inclination angle θ of about 5 ° to 8 °, twisting can be prevented more than in the case of one unit,
Those in which the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 are regularly arranged when winding or unwinding and winding or unwinding is not performed, so-called overlapping of the overhead wires is prevented, and no curling occurs and excellent alignment is achieved. become. In addition, since the friction coefficient μ with respect to the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 is also increased, slipping between the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 is eliminated, and feeding and hoisting are more reliable.

Therefore, the drum elements 1 of the upper overhead line 3 and the lower overhead line 4 are
Since the torque for 1; 1,1 is constant and the moving speed is constant, the tension of the upper overhead wire 3 and / or the lower overhead wire 4 at the time of winding or unwinding is constant, and tension or looseness does not occur. Therefore, the upper overhead wire 3 from the drum elements 1, 1 of the winch portion 2A on the feeding side and the winch portion 2 on the winding side
Since the hoisting amounts by the drum bodies 1 and 1 of B are substantially synchronized with each other, one motor M is provided between the respective motors M, M of the winch portion 2A on the payout side and the winch portion 2B on the hoisting side. The horsepower regeneration that can be effectively used for the power of the vehicle can be performed, and the power can be efficiently exhibited without waste.

By the way, the first and second winch portions 2A, 2B of this embodiment.
The rear hand load f on the feeding side of the drum bodies 1, 1; 1, 1 forming the following is calculated by the following equation (I).

Here, f: tail load (kg) F: tension load (kg) e: natural load n: number of wire rope windings μ; friction coefficient.

In the above formula (I), F (tensile load) in this embodiment is 10
Assuming that 00 (kg) and n (the number of wire rope windings) are 6 (times), the rear hand load f of the drum bodies 1, 1; 1, 1 in this embodiment is about 3 to 4 (kg). Therefore, for example, it is significantly smaller than the tail load f = 7 to 11 (Kg) of the conventional drum body 1 '; 1 "shown in FIGS.

As a third step, the upper overhead wire 3 is fed out in the direction indicated by the arrow A, and one end side fixed to the base frame portion 32 of the carrier 35 is extended by the constant pulley 31 attached to the standing tree 30 and the base frame portion 32 of the carrier 35 is extended. The lower overhead wire 4 wound around the suspension pulley 34 provided below is the second overhead wire 4 in a state where the wood K as the transported object is lifted from the ground by a desired height h.
Since it is hoisted on the drum bodies 1 and 1 of the winch part 2B arranged side by side, the carrier 35 has the movable pulleys 33, 33 placed on the upper overhead wire 3A of the upper overhead wire 3 and the carrier 35 is hoisted. The wood K is moved to the side, and the wood K is transported to a desired place regardless of obstacles such as slopes H, valleys, rivers, concave portions, tree stocks and rocks, with the root side being suspended by the lower overhead wire 4.

At this time, if the feeding speed of the upper overhead wire 3 of the winch portion 2A for feeding is faster than the hoisting speed of the lower overhead wire 4 of the winch portion 2B on the hoisting side, the obstacle 35 such as the slope H of the carrier 35 from the ground can be removed. The hoisting height can be lowered, and conversely, if the hoisting speed of the upper overhead wire 3 of the winch part 2A for hoisting is slower than the hoisting speed of the winch 2B for hoisting, the hoisting height of the carrier 35 from the ground can be increased. .

At this time, if the wood K has been cut down and the branch k is still attached to the trunk, the side opposite to the fixed side of the timber K to which the lower overhead wire 4 for suspension is tied is set to, for example, As shown in FIG. 1, the hook half 9 of the cutter unit 6 is attached to the standing tree 16 at a substantially fixed position away from the carrier 35 by the rope 15.
By opening and closing A and 9B, the cutter unit 6 is set so that the blade bodies 14A and 14B face the moving direction of the wood K.

Then, as described above, the first and second winch portions 2
By driving A and 2B, the upper overhead wire 3 and the lower overhead wire 4 are extended in opposite directions shown by arrows a and b, or by hoisting and transporting the wood K while hoisting the wood K, Cutter fixed to the outer circumference
The branches k are cut while being conveyed by the blades 14A and 14B of the unit 6 while being conveyed. In addition, as described above, by increasing or decreasing the feeding speed of the upper overhead wire 3 of the winch part 2A on the payout side and the hoisting speed of the lower overhead wire 4 of the winch part 2B on the hoisting side, a carrier for the constant pulley 31 can be obtained. Three
The lifting height of 5 from the ground is adjusted, the transportation angle of the wood K with respect to the cutter unit 6 is adjusted abruptly, and the branches are smoothly removed.

At this time, as described above, the power of one motor M between the motors M of the winch-side winch portion 2A and the payout-side winch portion 2B can be effectively utilized as the power of the other motor M. Therefore, even if the wood K has a large number of branches or is thick, the cutter unit 6 can quickly and reliably remove the branches.

After transporting the wood K to a predetermined place, the transportation of the wood K is completed by releasing the lower overhead wire 4 from the wood K.

In order to move the carrier 35 to the original position, the first and second winch portions 2A and 2B are driven to drive the drum bodies 1, 1;
When the lower overhead wire 4 is fed out by rotating 1 in the opposite directions to the above-mentioned operation and the upper overhead wire 3 is hoisted, the carrier 35 is attached to the upper overhead wire portion 3A of the upper overhead wire 3 which is inclined and stretched. It descends by its own weight and is moved to its original position.

In the above embodiment, the first and second winch parts 2
The two drum bodies 1 of A and 2B were made into one set, but of course 1
The number may be three or more, and the number can be freely increased or decreased.

Further, although the case where the wood K is carried is explained in any of the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can be applied not only when carrying the wood K but also when carrying other long objects.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, since the groove having a semicircular cross section is continuously formed on the outer periphery of the drum body forming the first and second winch portions, the upper overhead wire or the lower overhead wire is delivered to the drum body. Since the torque is constant during winding or hoisting, and the moving speed is constant, the tension for feeding and winding the upper overhead wire and / or the lower overhead wire is constant, causing no tension or looseness and intermittent wood transportation. If the timber can be transported smoothly without causing horizontal movement or vertical movement due to height differences in the hoisting height and it is timber with branches, use a tool such as a chain saw. Instead, it is installed at a substantially fixed position such as a standing tree that separates from the carrier, and while moving inside the cutter unit that has a blade oriented in the direction of movement of wood, it can be automatically debranched. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view showing a drum element body of a winch portion which constitutes the above embodiment, FIG. 3 is a plan view of the same, and FIG. FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the usage state of the element body, FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway rear view showing the usage state of the cutter unit constituting the above invention, FIG. 6 is a side view of the same, and FIG. FIG. 8 is a side view showing a running skate as a method of transporting overhead wires, FIG. 8 is a side view showing a conventional drum body constituting a winch portion, FIG. 9 is a plan view of the same, and FIG. 10 is another conventional drum. Side view showing the element body, 11th
The figure is also a plan view thereof. 1 ... drum body, 2A, 2B ... winch part, 3 ...
Upper overhead wire, 4 ... Lower overhead wire, 5 ... Groove, 6 ... Cutter
Unit, 31 ... Constant pulley, 32 ... Base frame part, 33 ...
Mobile pulley, 34 ... Suspension pulley, 35 ... Transporter, K ... Wood, k ... Branch.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A first feeding-side member arranged in parallel so that at least one of a plurality of drum elements is displaced in a surface direction slightly intersecting the same installation surface with respect to another drum element. A step of feeding an upper overhead wire and a lower overhead wire whose one end side is wound around a winch portion and a second winch portion on the winding side at approximately the same speed in opposite directions, and winding up, and a base frame portion at the other end of the upper overhead wire. And a movable sheave is placed on the upper overhead wire of the upper overhead wire to make the suspended carrier movable, and the other end of the suspension sheave provided at the lower portion of the base frame part is wound. From the step of transporting the root side of the wood so that it can be hoisted by the lower overhead wire that is rotated, and the step of fixing the cutter unit having a blade oriented in the moving direction of the wood to the outer periphery of the wood at a substantially fixed position. Consists of paying out and hoisting the above overhead line and the lower overhead line The branches of wood are characterized in that the branches are brushed off by the cutter unit while being lifted and moved in the axial direction away from the cutter unit via the carrier by performing the above-mentioned steps substantially in synchronization. Payment method. 2. A first winch part on the payout side and a second winch part on the hoisting side, which are rotatably provided at substantially the same speed in opposite directions, and one end capable of hoisting and paying out on the winch part. A base frame part in which the other end of the upper overhead wire is fixed via an upper overhead wire and a lower overhead wire whose sides are wound, and a fixed direction-changing pulley installed at a fixed position; rotatable above the basic frame part A plurality of movable pulleys that are mounted on the upper overhead wire and are movably mounted on the upper overhead wire; the other end of the lower overhead wire is wound and mounted below the base frame portion so that wood as a transported object can be lifted. In the overhead wire carrier for wood or the like, which is configured by a carrier formed by a hanging pulley, the first winch part and the second winch part are at least one of a plurality of drum bodies.
Are arranged side by side so as to be displaced with respect to the other drum body in a direction slightly intersecting with the same installation surface, and the inner peripheral surface of the upper overhead wire or the lower overhead wire can be in close contact with the outer periphery of the drum body. A wood or the like characterized in that a cutter unit having grooves formed continuously and having a blade body oriented in the moving direction of the wood is provided at a substantially fixed position so as to be settable on the outer circumference of the wood and away from the carrier. Overhead line carrier.