JP7101798B2 - Energy management system - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to an energy management system (EMS) that controls the operation of a charger / discharger provided in an electric vehicle (EV) power transfer facility.

For example, in Patent Document 1 below, a charging facility composed of the minimum capacity and number of chargers necessary to complete charging of a plurality of electric vehicles (EVs) during the non-use time of each EV is described. A system to be designed has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2015-019465

If the number of charge / dischargers is less than the number of EVs, change the charge / discharger assignment to the EV by reconnecting the charge / dischargers or moving the EV in the parking lot (hereinafter referred to as "assignment change"). ) Is required, and it costs manpower to change the allocation. Patent Document 1 does not consider the cost of reassignment.

This disclosure is made to solve the above problems, and is an energy management system that creates a charge / discharge plan that reduces the cost (allocation change cost) associated with the change of charge / discharger allocation for electric vehicles. The purpose is to provide.

The energy management system according to the present disclosure includes a vehicle information management unit that manages vehicle information that is information on the specifications of at least one electric vehicle, and a vehicle schedule information management that manages vehicle schedule information that is a usage schedule of the electric vehicle. Based on the unit, the charge / discharger information management unit that manages charge / discharger information that is information on the specifications of at least one charger / discharger, and the vehicle information, the vehicle schedule information, and the charge / discharger information. The charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit that sets the charge / discharge allocation constraint, which is a constraint on the allocation of the charge / discharger to the electric vehicle, and the allocation, which is the cost for reconnecting the charge / discharger in the same parking lot to the electric vehicle. The allocation change cost information management unit that manages the allocation change cost information that is the change cost information, the allocation change cost setting unit that sets the definition formula of the allocation change cost based on the allocation change cost information, and the electric vehicle. The power cost information management unit that manages the power cost information, which is the information necessary for calculating the power cost for charging and discharging, the objective function is the sum of the allocation change cost and the power cost, and the charging / discharging allocation constraint is the constraint condition. As a charge / discharge plan creation unit that calculates the solution of the optimization problem so as to minimize the objective function and creates a charge / discharge plan of the electric vehicle using the charge / discharger based on the solution . It is provided with a charge / discharge plan notification unit for notifying the user of the energy management system of the charge / discharge plan.

According to the energy management system according to the present disclosure, it is possible to create a charge / discharge plan that reduces the allocation change cost.

The purposes, features, embodiments, and advantages of the present disclosure will be made clearer by the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the EV use business operator facility in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of EMS in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the vehicle information in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the vehicle schedule information in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the charge / discharger information in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the allocation change cost information in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the charge menu of the electric power cost information in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the upper and lower limit values of the power receiving point electric energy of the electric power cost information in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the charge / discharge plan in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the allocation change cost information in Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the allocation of a charge / discharger to an electric vehicle when the number of allocation changes is not considered. It is a figure which shows the example of the allocation of a charge / discharger to an electric vehicle in consideration of the number of allocation changes. It is a figure which shows the example of the allocation change cost information in Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the parking lot in Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the assignment of the charge / discharger to the electric vehicle when the travel distance of the electric vehicle is not considered. It is a figure which shows the example of the assignment of the charge / discharger to the electric vehicle in consideration of the travel distance of the electric vehicle. It is a figure which shows the hardware configuration example of EMS. It is a figure which shows the hardware configuration example of EMS.

<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the EV user facility 10 according to the first embodiment. The EV user facility 10 is a facility managed by a business operator (EV user business operator) who uses a plurality of electric vehicles EV, such as an EV bus terminal and an EV truck distribution center.

The EV user facility 10 is connected to the electric power system 1 and includes at least one charger / discharger CH as the electric power equipment. The electric power flowing in and out between the electric power system 1 and the EV user facility 10 is measured by an electric energy meter 11 capable of measuring the electric energy at regular time intervals (for example, every 30 minutes) such as a smart meter. The electric power cost paid by the EV user to the retail electric power company is calculated based on the measured value of the electric energy meter 11 (the measured value of the electric energy meter 11 is taken as the power receiving point electric energy).

When electric power flows out from the EV user facility 10 to the electric power system 1, the electric power cost means the sales of the EV user operator, but here, the sales are expressed as a negative electric power cost, and the electric power system 1 to the EV. The power cost when the power flows into the user facility 10 and the power cost when the power flows out from the EV user facility 10 to the power system 1 are considered without distinction.

The charger / discharger CH is connected to an electric vehicle EV or a storage battery (not shown). In the present embodiment, each electric vehicle EV has one outlet (insertion port), and each charger / discharger CH has one plug. However, each of these may be plural. The assignment of which electric vehicle EV the charger / discharger CH connected to the electric vehicle EV is connected to is not fixed, but is changed based on the charge / discharge plan calculated by EMS, which will be described later. On the other hand, it is assumed that the charger / discharger CH connected to the storage battery is fixed in advance to which storage battery it is connected to. For the sake of simplification of the description, the charger / discharger CH connected to the storage battery will be ignored in the following description.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the EMS 100 according to the first embodiment. The EMS 100 creates an operation plan of the charge / discharger CH of the EV user facility 10, that is, a charge / discharge plan of the electric vehicle EV, and controls the charge / discharger CH based on the created charge / discharge plan.

In the following explanation, the current time is 0:00 on January 1, 2020, and the EMS100 creates a charge / discharge plan for the power amount [kWh] of 24 frames in 60-minute units from the current time to 24 hours ahead. Suppose you do. The date / time and time are expressed in the yyy / MM / ddh: mm format. Further, the time may be expressed as time t (t = 1, ..., 24) in 1-hour units. For example, time t = 1 means a time zone from 0:00 to 1:00, and time t. = 24 means the time zone from 23:00 to 24:00.

As shown in FIG. 2, the EMS 100 includes a vehicle information management unit 101, a vehicle schedule information management unit 102, a charge / discharger information management unit 103, a charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit 104, an allocation change cost information management unit 105, and an allocation change cost setting. It includes a unit 106, a power cost information management unit 107, a charge / discharge plan creation unit 108, and a charge / discharge plan notification unit 109.

The vehicle information management unit 101 manages vehicle information, which is information related to the specifications of each electric vehicle EV. FIG. 3 shows an example of vehicle information managed by the vehicle information management unit 101. The vehicle information of FIG. 3 includes information such as an ID (identifier) of each electric vehicle EV, a maximum SOC, a minimum SOC, a maximum charge power, a maximum discharge power, a charge efficiency, and a discharge efficiency. Here, SOC (State Of Charge) is the amount of charging power. Although omitted in FIG. 3, the vehicle information also includes information on the number of outlets of each electric vehicle EV. Hereinafter, the ID of the electric vehicle EV is referred to as "EVj" (j = 001,002,003, ...), And the electric vehicle EV having the ID of EVj is referred to as "electric vehicle EVj".

The vehicle schedule information management unit 102 manages vehicle schedule information, which is a usage schedule of each electric vehicle EV. FIG. 4 shows an example of vehicle schedule information managed by the vehicle schedule information management unit 102. The vehicle schedule information in FIG. 4 includes the ID of each electric vehicle EV, the arrival time at the EV user facility 10, the departure time from the EV user facility 10, and the SOC at the time of arrival at the EV user facility 10. It contains information such as the SOC at the time of arrival, which is the expected value of, and the SOC at the time of departure, which is the SOC required at the time of departure from the EV user facility 10.

The charge / discharger information management unit 103 manages charge / discharger information, which is information related to the specifications of each charge / discharger CH. FIG. 5 shows an example of charge / discharger information managed by the charge / discharger information management unit 103. The charge / discharger information of FIG. 5 includes information such as the ID of each charge / discharger CH, the maximum charge power, the maximum discharge power, the charge efficiency, and the discharge efficiency. Although omitted in FIG. 5, information on the number of plugs of each charger / discharger CH is also included in the charge / discharger information. Hereinafter, the ID of the charger / discharger CH is referred to as “CHi” (i = 001,002,003, ...), And the charger / discharger CH having the ID of CHi is referred to as “charger / discharger CHi”.

The charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit 104 is based on vehicle information managed by the vehicle information management unit 101, vehicle schedule information managed by the vehicle schedule information management unit 102, and charge / discharger information managed by the charge / discharger information management unit 103. Therefore, a charge / discharge allocation constraint, which is a constraint regarding the allocation of the charger / discharger CH to the electric vehicle EV, is set. As the charge / discharge allocation constraint, for example, the maximum number of charge / discharger CHs that can be connected to each electric vehicle EV, the maximum number of electric vehicle EVs that can be connected from each charge / discharger CH, and the like can be considered.

Specifically, the charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit 104 takes a value of 1 when the charger / discharger CHi charges / discharges the electric vehicle EVj at time t, and takes a value of 0 when it does not. Define t) and set constraints on the values taken by EC (i, j, t).

In the present embodiment, since the number of plugs of each charge / discharger CH is one, one charge / discharger CH cannot charge / discharge two or more electric vehicle EVs at the same time. Therefore, the charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit 104 sets the constraint represented by the following equation (1) for all t and i.

Further, since the number of outlets of each electric vehicle EV is one, it is not possible for two or more charge / discharger CHs to charge / discharge one electric vehicle EV at the same time. Therefore, the charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit 104 sets the constraint expressed by the following equation (2) for all t and j.

The EC (i, j, t) is still a variable at this stage, and its specific value (0 or 1) is determined by the charge / discharge plan creation unit 108.

The allocation change cost information management unit 105 manages information on the allocation change cost, which is the cost required for the allocation change of the charger / discharger CH for the electric vehicle EV. FIG. 6 shows an example of the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105. The allocation change cost information in FIG. 6 shows the allocation change cost by date. For example, when the allocation change occurs between 2020/01/01 00:00 and 2020/01/02 00:00, the allocation change cost thereof. It shows that the allocation change cost is 10. The allocation change cost may be specified not by date but by a finer period such as by time zone. In the second embodiment, the allocation change cost corresponds to the number of times the plugs of the charger / discharger CH are reconnected, and in the third embodiment, the allocation change cost corresponds to the distance to move the electric vehicle EV. explain.

The allocation change cost setting unit 106 sets a definition formula for calculating the allocation change cost of each electric vehicle EV based on the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105. If the above variable EC (i, j, t) changes from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 when the time changes from time t to time t + 1, it means that the allocation change occurs between time t and time t + 1. Means. Therefore, the allocation change cost of 2020/01/01 is defined by the following equation (3).

The electric power cost information management unit 107 manages electric power cost information, which is information necessary for calculating the electric power cost. The electric power cost information includes, for example, a charge menu (contracted electric power, unit price, etc.) contracted by the EV user operator with the electric power retail electric power operator, upper and lower limit values of the power receiving point electric energy, and the like. FIG. 7 shows an example of the charge menu of the EV user facility 10, and FIG. 8 shows an example of the upper and lower limits of the power receiving point power amount of the EV user facility 10. The charge menu is generally divided into a basic charge and a pay-as-you-go charge as shown in FIG. The basic charge is a charge that is charged monthly regardless of the power usage status. The pay-as-you-go charge is a charge charged according to the usage status of electric power, and the unit price differs depending on the time zone in which electric power is used. In the case of the charge menu shown in FIG. 7, in order to suppress the power cost for charging and discharging the EV of the electric vehicle, the charge is charged during the period of 00: 00-07: 00 or 23: 00-0: 00 when the unit price is low. It is important to discharge during the other period from 07: 00-23: 00.

The charge / discharge plan creation unit 108 uses the charge / discharge allocation constraint set by the charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit 104, the allocation change cost definition formula set by the allocation change cost setting unit 106, and the power managed by the power cost information management unit 107. Based on the cost information, a charge / discharge plan for the electric vehicle EV using the charge / discharger CH is created. The charge / discharge plan notification unit 109 notifies the EV user who is the user of the EMS 100 of the contents of the charge / discharge plan by displaying the charge / discharge plan created by the charge / discharge plan creation unit 108 on the screen of the display device.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a charge / discharge plan created by the charge / discharge plan creation unit 108. In the charge / discharge plan table of FIG. 9, the first column is the ID of the electric vehicle EV that performs charging / discharging, the second column is the time zone in which the charging / discharging is performed, and the third column is the charging / discharging assigned to the charging / discharging. The ID of the electric device CH and the fourth column are the charge / discharge amounts in the charge / discharge. The charge / discharge plan has, for example, an optimization problem with the power cost and the allocation change cost as the objective functions, and the constraints such as the supply-supply balance constraint, the power receiving point power amount constraint, the storage battery constraint, and the charge / discharge allocation constraint. It is required by solving. Hereinafter, a specific example of this optimization problem will be described.

First, the power cost is defined by the following equation (4).

In the formula (4), Buy_Cost (t) is the power cost at time t, Buy (t) is the electric energy at the receiving point at time t, and Buy_rate (t) is the power unit price at time t. Then, the power cost of the equation (4) plus the allocation change cost of the equation (3) is used as the objective function.

The following equation (5) is set as the supply-demand balance constraint.

In the formula (5), Inv (j, t) is the amount of charge / discharge to the electric vehicle EVj at time t. Inv (j, t) means discharge if it is positive, and charge if it is negative. Equation (5) means that the amount of power received at the receiving point is covered by the discharge from the electric vehicle EV.

The following equation (6) is set as a constraint on the amount of power received at the receiving point.

In the formula (6), Buy_min and Buy_max are the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the power receiving point electric energy, respectively.

The following equation (7) is set as a limitation of the storage battery.

In the formula (7), SOC (j, t) is the SOC of the electric vehicle EVj at time t, eff_out (i) is the discharge efficiency of the electric vehicle EVj, and Inv_out (j, t) is the electric vehicle EVj at time t. The discharge amount, eff_in (i) is the charging efficiency of the electric vehicle EVj, Inv_in (j, t) is the charging amount of the electric vehicle EVj at time t, Inv_min (j) is the maximum charging power of the electric vehicle EVj, Inv_max (j). Is the maximum discharge power of the electric vehicle EVj, in_time (j) is the arrival time of the electric vehicle EVj, and out_time (j) is the departure time of the electric vehicle EVj.

As the charge / discharge allocation constraint, the above equations (1) and (2) set by the charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit 104 are used.

The explanatory variables in this optimization problem are EC (i, j, t), Inv_out (j, t), Inv_in (j, t), SOC (j, t), and Buy (t).

By solving this optimization problem, the specific EC (i, j, t) that minimizes the objective function (sum of power cost and allocation change cost) while satisfying the usage schedule of each electric vehicle EV The value (0 or 1) is obtained as a solution, and the allocation change cost setting unit 106 is a charge / discharge plan of the electric vehicle EV using the charge / discharger CH based on the obtained value of EC (i, j, t). To create. Therefore, the allocation change cost setting unit 106 can create a charge / discharge plan that satisfies the usage schedule of each electric vehicle EV and suppresses the electric power cost and the allocation change cost as much as possible.

As described above, since the EMS 100 according to the first embodiment creates a charge / discharge plan for the electric vehicle EV using the charge / discharge device CH in consideration of the allocation change cost, the charge / discharge plan in which the allocation change cost is reduced is reduced. Can be created.

The optimization problem described above is only an example. For example, if there is no solution that satisfies the constraint condition, a slack variable is introduced into the expression of each constraint and the objective function is set so that the slack variable becomes small. May be calculated.

<Embodiment 2>
In the second embodiment, as the allocation change cost, it is assumed that it takes time to reconnect the plugs of the charger / discharger CH, and the charge / discharge plan is such that the number of reconnections of the plugs of the charger / discharger CH, that is, the number of reassignment changes is reduced. We propose EMS100 to be created.

The difference between the EMS 100 of the second embodiment and the first embodiment is the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105 and the definition formula of the allocation change cost set by the allocation change cost setting unit 106. be. Since other points are the same as those in the first embodiment, only the allocation change cost information management unit 105 and the allocation change cost setting unit 106 will be described here, and the description of other elements will be omitted.

FIG. 10 shows an example of the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105 of the EMS 100 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, in the present embodiment, the allocation change cost corresponds to the number of allocation changes.

The allocation change cost setting unit 106 sets a definition formula for calculating the allocation change cost of each electric vehicle EV based on the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105. If the above variable EC (i, j, t) changes from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 when the time changes from time t to time t + 1, it means that the allocation change occurs between time t and time t + 1. Means. Therefore, the allocation change cost setting unit 106 of the second embodiment defines the allocation change cost as the following equation (8).

Equation (8) corresponds to the calculation equation for the number of allocation changes. Therefore, according to the definition formula of the allocation change cost, the allocation change cost increases as the number of times of reconnecting the plugs of the charge / discharger CH increases in the charging / discharging of the electric vehicle EV using the charge / discharger CH.

By setting the definition formula of the allocation change cost as in the equation (8), the charge / discharge plan created by the charge / discharge plan creation unit 108 satisfies the usage schedule of each electric vehicle EV and the allocation change. The charge / discharge plan is such that the number of times (the number of times the plugs of the charge / discharger CH are reconnected) is suppressed as much as possible.

Here, the difference between the result when the number of allocation changes is taken into consideration and the case where the number of allocation changes is not taken into consideration will be described. For example, it is assumed that there are two electric vehicles EV, EV001 and EV002, and the charger / discharger CH is only one of the charger / discharger CH001. Further, it is assumed that the vehicle information and the vehicle schedule information of the electric vehicles EV001 and EV002 are as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the charger / discharger information of the charger / discharger CH001 is as shown in FIG. In this case, if the electric vehicles EV001 and EV002 are charged at 10 kWh per hour for 12 hours each using the charger / discharger CH001, the SOC at the time of departure of the electric vehicles EV001 and EV002 can be secured.

FIG. 11 shows an example of the allocation of the charger / discharger CH001 to the electric vehicles EV001 and EV002 when the number of allocation changes is not taken into consideration. An example of the allocation of the charger / discharger CH001 to the above is shown in FIG. In the tables of FIGS. 11 and 12, the first row is the time (24 frames in 60-minute units from 2020/01/01 00:00 to 2020/01/02 00:00), and the second row is the electric vehicle. The charger / discharger CH001 is assigned to EV001, and the third line is the assignment of the charger / discharger CH001 to the electric vehicle EV002. In the second and third rows, each time zone marked with a circle (○) means that the charger / discharger CH001 charges 10 kWh, and the time zone without a circle (○) is untied. Means.

Either of FIGS. 11 and 12 can satisfy the starting SOC of the chargers / dischargers CH001 and CH002. However, when the number of allocation changes is not taken into consideration (FIG. 11), the timing of changing from time t = 6 to time t = 7, the timing of changing from time t = 12 to time t = 13, and the timing of changing from time t = 18 to time t. The allocation is changed three times in total, including the timing when the value changes to 19. On the other hand, when the number of allocation changes is minimized (FIG. 12), it can be seen that the allocation change is performed only once at the timing when the time t = 12 changes to the time t = 13, and the allocation change cost can be reduced.

<Embodiment 3>
When the charger / discharger CH is installed in the parking lot in the EV user facility 10, the electric vehicle EV is moved in order to change the allocation depending on the positional relationship between the charger / discharger CH and the parking space (parking section). May be required. In order to minimize the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV due to the allocation change, it is important to consider the position of the charger / discharger CH when formulating the charge / discharge plan. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the EMS 100 is proposed to create a charge / discharge plan so that the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV due to the allocation change is shortened, assuming the trouble of moving the electric vehicle EV as the allocation change cost.

The difference between the EMS 100 of the third embodiment and the first embodiment is the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105 and the definition formula of the allocation change cost set by the allocation change cost setting unit 106. be. Since other points are the same as those in the first embodiment, only the allocation change cost information management unit 105 and the allocation change cost setting unit 106 will be described here, and the description of other elements will be omitted.

FIG. 13 shows an example of the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105 of the EMS 100 according to the third embodiment. In the table of FIG. 13, the first column and the second column are the IDs of the charge / discharger CH, and the third column is the charge / discharger CH described in the first column and the charge / discharger described in the second column. It is the allocation change cost when the allocation change is performed with the CH, and corresponds to the distance between the two charger / discharger CHs. The allocation change cost shown in FIG. 13 assumes a parking lot in which the parking lots PL001 to PL008 and the chargers / dischargers CH001 to CH004 are arranged as shown in FIG.

The distance between the two chargers / dischargers CH is constant regardless of the moving direction. That is, for example, the distance when moving the electric vehicle EV from the charging / discharging device CH001 to the charging / discharging device CH004 is the same as the distance when moving the electric vehicle EV from the charging / discharging device CH004 to the charging / discharging device CH001.

The allocation change cost setting unit 106 sets a definition formula for calculating the allocation change cost of each electric vehicle EV based on the allocation change cost information managed by the allocation change cost information management unit 105. If the above variable EC (i, j, t) changes from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 when the time changes from time t to time t + 1, it means that the allocation change occurs between time t and time t + 1. Means. Therefore, the allocation change cost setting unit 106 of the third embodiment defines the allocation change cost as the following equation (9).

In the equation (9), Alloc (j, t) is a variable that takes the value of the ID of the charger / discharger CHi when EC (i, j, t) becomes 1. Further, Cost (Allloc (j, t + 1), Alloc (j, t)) has a charger / discharger CH having an ID of Alloc (j, t + 1) and a charger / discharger CH having an ID of Alloc (j, t). It is a function that expresses the distance between and.

The value of Cost (Allloc (j, t + 1), Alloc (j, t)) is 0 when there is no allocation change between time t and time t + 1, and the allocation change is between time t and time t + 1. If there is, it will be the travel distance of the electric vehicle EV. For example, when the time changes from time t to time t + 1, when the charger / discharger CH assigned to the electric vehicle EVj changes from the charger / discharger CH001 to the charger / discharger CH002, Alloc (j, t) = CH001, Alloc. (J, t + 1) = CH002, and Cost (Allloc (j, t + 1), Alloc (j, t)) = Cost (CH002, CH001) = 1.

Therefore, when the definition formula of the allocation change cost is set as in the equation (9), in the charging / discharging of the electric vehicle EV using the charger / discharger CH, the longer the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV due to the allocation change, the more the allocation. The change cost will increase.

By setting the definition formula of the allocation change cost as in the equation (9), the charge / discharge plan created by the charge / discharge plan creation unit 108 satisfies the usage schedule of each electric vehicle EV and the allocation change. The charging / discharging plan is such that the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV is suppressed as much as possible.

Here, the difference between the result when the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV due to the allocation change is taken into consideration and the case where the moving distance is not taken into consideration will be described. For example, it is assumed that the electric vehicle EV is only one of the electric vehicle EV003 and the charger / discharger CH is four of the charger / discharger CH001 to CH004. Further, it is assumed that the vehicle information and the vehicle schedule information of the electric vehicle EV003 are as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the charger / discharger information of the chargers / dischargers CH001 to CH004 is as shown in FIG. In this case, the electric vehicle EV003 needs to be charged at 160 kWh in 12 hours from the arrival time to the departure time in order to satisfy the SOC at the time of departure. Since the starting SOC cannot be satisfied by charging only the charging / discharging device CH001 or CH002 having a maximum charging power of 10kWh, charging with the charging / discharging device CH003 or CH004 having a maximum charging power of 20kWh is required for at least 4 hours.

Further, it is assumed that the charger / discharger CH003 and CH004 are not available between the time t = 1 and the time t = 8, and the charge / discharger CH001 or CH002 is assigned to the electric vehicle EV003 during that time. Based on this assumption, an example of the allocation of the chargers / dischargers CH001 to CH004 to the electric vehicle EV003 when the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV003 due to the allocation change is not taken into consideration is shown in FIG. 16 shows an example of the allocation of the chargers / dischargers CH001 to CH004 to the electric vehicle EV003 in the case of considering the above (when the moving distance is minimized). In the tables of FIGS. 15 and 16, the first row is the time (24 frames in 60-minute units from 2020/01/01 00:00 to 2020/01/02 00:00), and the second row is the electric vehicle EV003. It is the assignment of the charger / discharger CH001 to CH004 to. In the second line, circles (○) indicate charge / discharger CH001, cross marks (×) indicate charge / discharger CH002, square marks (□) indicate charge / discharger CH003, and triangle marks (△) indicate charge / discharger CH004. , Means to be assigned respectively.

In either FIG. 15 or FIG. 16, the starting SOC of the electric vehicle EV003 can be satisfied, and the allocation change is only once. However, when the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV003 is not taken into consideration (FIG. 15), the electric vehicle EV003 is placed in the charger / discharger CH004 (FIG. 14) located far from the charger / discharger CH001 (circle (○) in FIG. 14). Since it will be moved to the triangle mark (△)), the allocation change cost will increase. On the other hand, when the moving distance of the electric vehicle EV003 is minimized (FIG. 16), the electric vehicle EV003 is moved closer to the charger / discharger CH002 (cross mark (x) in FIG. 14) (FIG. 14). It can be seen that the allocation change cost can be reduced by moving to the square mark (□) of 14.

<Hardware configuration example>
17 and 18 are diagrams showing an example of the hardware configuration of the EMS 100, respectively. Each function of the component of the EMS 100 shown in FIG. 2 is realized by, for example, the processing circuit 50 shown in FIG. That is, the EMS 100 manages vehicle information which is information about the specifications of at least one electric vehicle EV, manages vehicle schedule information which is a usage schedule of the electric vehicle EV, and relates to specifications of at least one charger / discharger CH. It manages charge / discharger information, which is information, and sets charge / discharge allocation constraints, which are restrictions on the allocation of charge / discharger CH to electric vehicle EV, based on vehicle information, vehicle schedule information, and charge / discharger information. It manages the allocation change cost information, which is the information on the allocation change cost related to the allocation change of the charger / discharger CH for the EV, sets the definition formula of the allocation change cost based on the allocation change cost information, and charges / discharges the electric vehicle EV. It manages the power cost information, which is the information necessary for calculating the power cost, and charges / discharges the electric vehicle EV using the charger / discharger CH based on the charge / discharge allocation constraint, the definition formula of the allocation change cost, and the power cost information. A processing circuit 50 for creating a plan and notifying the user of the charge / discharge plan is provided. The processing circuit 50 may be dedicated hardware, or may be a processor (Central Processing Unit (CPU), processing unit, arithmetic unit, microprocessor, microprocessor, etc.) that executes a program stored in the memory. It may be configured by using a DSP (also called a Digital Signal Processor).

When the processing circuit 50 is dedicated hardware, the processing circuit 50 may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or an FPGA (Field-Programmable). Gate Array), or a combination of these. The functions of the components of the EMS 100 may be realized by individual processing circuits, or these functions may be collectively realized by one processing circuit.

FIG. 18 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the EMS 100 when the processing circuit 50 is configured by using the processor 51 that executes the program. In this case, the functions of the components of the EMS 100 are realized by software or the like (software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware). The software or the like is described as a program and stored in the memory 52. The processor 51 realizes the functions of each part by reading and executing the program stored in the memory 52. That is, the EMS 100 is a process of managing vehicle information which is information about the specifications of at least one electric vehicle EV and a process of managing vehicle schedule information which is a usage schedule of the electric vehicle EV when executed by the processor 51. And, based on the process of managing the charger / discharger information, which is the information regarding the specifications of at least one charger / discharger CH, and the vehicle information, the vehicle schedule information, and the charge / discharger information, the charge / discharger CH for the electric vehicle EV In the process of setting the charge / discharge allocation constraint, which is a constraint on allocation, the process of managing the allocation change cost information, which is the information of the allocation change cost related to the allocation change of the charger / discharger CH for the electric vehicle EV, and the allocation change cost information. The process of setting the definition formula of the allocation change cost based on it, the process of managing the electric power cost information which is the information necessary for calculating the electric power cost for charging and discharging the electric vehicle EV, the charge / discharge allocation constraint, and the allocation change cost. Based on the definition formula and the power cost information, the process of creating the charge / discharge plan of the electric vehicle EV using the charger / discharger CH and the process of notifying the user of the charge / discharge plan will be executed as a result. A memory 52 for storing a program is provided. In other words, it can be said that this program causes the computer to execute the procedure and method of operation of the components of the EMS 100.

Here, the memory 52 is, for example, non-volatile such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), or the like. Volatile semiconductor memory, HDD (Hard Disk Drive), magnetic disk, flexible disk, optical disk, compact disk, mini disk, DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) and its drive device, etc., or any storage medium used in the future. You may.

The configuration in which the functions of the components of the EMS 100 are realized by either hardware or software has been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration may be used in which a part of the components of the EMS 100 is realized by dedicated hardware and another part of the components is realized by software or the like. For example, for some components, the function is realized by the processing circuit 50 as dedicated hardware, and for some other components, the processing circuit 50 as the processor 51 is stored in the memory 52. It is possible to realize the function by reading and executing it.

As described above, the EMS 100 can realize each of the above-mentioned functions by hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

It is possible to freely combine the embodiments and to modify or omit the embodiments as appropriate.

It is understood that the above description is exemplary in all embodiments and innumerable variants not exemplified can be envisioned.

1 power system, 10 EV user facilities, 11 electricity meter, CH charger / discharger, EV electric vehicle, 100 EMS, 101 vehicle information management department, 102 vehicle schedule information management department, 103 charge / discharger information management department, 104 Charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit, 105 allocation change cost information management unit, 106 allocation change cost setting unit, 107 power cost information management unit, 108 charge / discharge plan creation unit, 109 charge / discharge plan notification unit.

Claims (4)

The vehicle information management department that manages vehicle information, which is information on the specifications of at least one electric vehicle,
The vehicle schedule information management unit that manages the vehicle schedule information that is the usage schedule of the electric vehicle, and
A charge / discharger information management unit that manages charge / discharger information, which is information on the specifications of at least one charge / discharger.
A charge / discharge allocation constraint setting unit that sets a charge / discharge allocation constraint that is a constraint on the allocation of the charge / discharger to the electric vehicle based on the vehicle information, the vehicle schedule information, and the charge / discharger information.
The allocation change cost information management unit that manages the allocation change cost information, which is the information on the allocation change cost, which is the cost required for reconnecting the charge / discharger in the same parking lot for the electric vehicle, and the allocation change cost information management unit.
The allocation change cost setting unit that sets the definition formula of the allocation change cost based on the allocation change cost information, and
The power cost information management unit that manages the power cost information, which is the information necessary for calculating the power cost for charging and discharging the electric vehicle, and the power cost information management unit.
With the sum of the allocation change cost and the power cost as the objective function and the charge / discharge allocation constraint as the constraint condition, the solution of the optimization problem is calculated so as to minimize the objective function, and the solution is calculated based on the solution. A charge / discharge plan creation unit that creates a charge / discharge plan for the electric vehicle using a charge / discharger, and a charge / discharge plan creation unit.
A charge / discharge plan notification unit that notifies the user of the energy management system of the charge / discharge plan,
Energy management system with. The definition formula of the allocation change cost is set so that the allocation change cost increases as the number of times of the connection change increases in the charging / discharging of the electric vehicle using the charge / discharger.
The energy management system according to claim 1 . The definition formula of the allocation change cost is set so that the allocation change cost increases as the moving distance of the electric vehicle accompanying the connection change increases in the charging / discharging of the electric vehicle using the charge / discharger.
The energy management system according to claim 1 . The allocation change cost information management unit manages the hourly value of the allocation change cost as the allocation change cost information.
The energy management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .

Images