JP7366370B2 - Tunnel excavator surveying equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a surveying device for a tunnel excavator that measures the position of a tunnel excavator equipped with a propulsion jack, such as a shield excavator that excavates ground in a shield construction method.

In the shield method of constructing tunnels in the ground, in order to excavate according to a predetermined tunnel alignment, a survey is carried out to determine the position and orientation of the shield excavator during excavation, and the position and orientation of the shield excavator is checked at any time. Needs to be fixed.

To survey the position and direction of the shield tunneling machine, install surveying equipment such as a total station inside the shield tunnel, aim at the reference point at the rear to understand the position of the surveying equipment, and then install the surveying equipment on the shield tunneling machine. Surveying is often performed by sighting a target.

In the method for detecting the position of a shield excavator described in Patent Document 1, a light wave distance meter is installed at a fixed point whose position is measured based on a rear reference point, and a light wave distance meter is installed at a fixed point whose position is measured based on a rear reference point. A lightwave rangefinder emits light toward the target, and the distance and angle from the lightwave rangefinder to the reflector are measured using the reflected light from the reflector, and the position of the shield machine is detected from this data.

In the shield automatic surveying operation control device described in Patent Document 2, an end plate whose relative position with respect to the reference position is known is provided at the front end of the rail laid on the center line of the segment, and the end plate is installed on the front end of the rail laid on the center line of the segment. , detects the relative position of the surveying equipment to the target provided on the end plate, and thereby detects the current position of the shield excavator.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-289717 Special Publication No. 8-9948

As described in Patent Document 1, when trying to project light onto a reflection device of a shield tunneling machine using a surveying device such as a light wave distance meter installed inside a shield tunnel, complicated parts of the shield tunneling machine may get in the way. be. Furthermore, if the tunnel geometry is curved, the segments interfere with each other and surveying cannot be carried out. To solve this problem, surveying equipment must be relocated frequently, but relocating heavy surveying equipment is hard work, and excavation must be stopped during the relocation work. In addition, it is not possible to install surveying equipment in small-diameter shield pits because it would interfere with the movement of transport vehicles and the installation of rear equipment.

As described in Patent Document 2, when surveying equipment is installed on a shield excavator, the shield excavator is constantly moving during excavation, and the surveying equipment is also moving together with the shield excavator, making it impossible to conduct a survey. Can not.

Similar problems also occur in excavators equipped with propulsion jacks used in the TBM method.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a surveying device for an excavator that can easily survey an excavator even during excavation, regardless of the diameter or degree of curvature of the excavation hole. shall be.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present application is a surveying device for a tunnel excavating machine equipped with a propulsion jack, which detects its own position by sighting a reference point whose position is known, and surveys the tunnel excavating machine. The propulsion jack has a base part that moves forward together with the tunnel excavator, and a pressing part that expands and contracts with respect to the base part and presses an existing segment constructed in the excavation shaft backward when it is extended. This is a surveying device for a tunnel excavator, characterized in that the surveying device is installed in the pressing section.

The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is characterized in that the pressing part is provided with a spreader at the rear end that abuts on the existing segment, and the surveying instrument is installed on the spreader. This is a surveying device for the tunnel boring machine described above.

The invention according to claim 3 of the present application is a surveying device for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surveying instrument is suspended from the pressing part via a leveling device. It is.

In the invention according to claim 4 of the present application, the horizontal maintenance device includes a substrate attached to the pressing part, an upper support shaft extending downward from the substrate, and a lower support shaft provided coaxially with the upper support shaft. , an upper sphere and a lower sphere provided at the lower end of the upper support shaft and the upper end of the lower support shaft, respectively, and a front clamping plate and a rear clamping plate that sandwich the upper sphere and the lower sphere so as to be able to swing from the front and back. 4. The surveying device for a tunnel excavator according to claim 3, further comprising:

In the invention according to claim 5 of the present application, rotation suppressing ribs are formed on the outer surfaces of the upper sphere and the lower sphere to restrict rotation of the front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate about the upper support shaft and the lower support shaft. 5. A surveying device for a tunnel excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that:

The invention according to claim 6 of the present application is characterized in that a protection box is suspended from the pressing part via a horizontal maintenance device, and the surveying instrument is installed in the protection box. The present invention is a surveying device for a tunnel excavator according to any one of Items 5 to 5.

According to the present invention, since the surveying equipment is installed on the pressing part of the propulsion jack, there is no problem in installing the surveying equipment even in a small-diameter excavation hole, and the surveying equipment can be used to operate the transport cart or rear equipment. It does not interfere with the installation.
Furthermore, since the surveying equipment is installed on the pressing part of the propulsion jack, there is no need to relocate the heavy surveying equipment as the tunnel excavator moves forward.
Furthermore, even during excavation, the pressing part of the propulsion jack does not move, and the surveying equipment attached to the pressing part does not move either, so accurate surveying can be continued.

In addition, by installing the surveying equipment on the propulsion jack's spreader, the surveying equipment does not interfere with the expansion and contraction of the rod.

In addition, since the surveying equipment is suspended from the pressing part via a leveling device, the surveying equipment's own weight can be used to ensure levelness and suppress the effects of rolling and longitudinal tilting of the tunnel excavator. .

In addition, in the leveling device, the front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate sandwich the upper sphere and the lower sphere so that they can swing from the front and back, making it possible to absorb the tilting and rolling of the tunnel excavator. Rotation restraining ribs are formed on the outer surfaces of the sphere and the lower sphere to restrict horizontal rotation of the front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate, so that it does not interfere with the sighting of the surveying equipment to the reference point or target. do not have.

In addition, since the surveying equipment is installed in a protective box that is suspended from the pressing part via a horizontal maintenance device, the surveying equipment is protected from dust generated by excavation, which improves the accuracy of the survey and the performance of the surveying equipment. Increased durability.

In an embodiment of the present invention, it is a schematic diagram of the excavation process by a shield excavation machine, (a) shows when excavation is started, (b) is during excavation, and (c) is when excavation is stopped. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a main part of a surveying device for a shield tunneling machine showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a horizontal maintenance device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Note that it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

FIG. 1 shows an excavation process by a shield tunneling machine, FIG. 2 shows a surveying device for a shield tunneling machine in one embodiment, and FIG. 3 shows a horizontal maintenance device.
In addition, in the following explanation, the front refers to the direction in which the shield excavator moves as it excavates (the left direction of the paper in which Figure 1 is written), and the left and right direction refers to the direction in which the shield excavator moves along with the excavation. The width direction of the excavation shaft (thickness direction of the paper surface of FIG. 1) and the vertical direction are the vertical direction of the excavation shaft (the vertical direction of the paper surface of FIG. 1).

This embodiment is a surveying device for a shield excavator 1, and detects the position of the shield excavator 1 using a surveying instrument 2.
As shown in FIG. 1, the shield excavator 1 includes a skin plate 10, a cutter head 11, a shield jack 12, and a partition wall 13.

The skin plate 10 is an outer cylinder of the shield tunneling machine 1, and a cutter head 11 is rotatably provided at the front end of the skin plate 10.
The cutter head 11 is rotationally driven by a motor (not shown) to excavate the earth. Then, the cutter head 11 is rotated and moved forward by the shield jack 12, thereby forming the excavation hole 100. Segments 101 are sequentially constructed in a ring shape on the inner peripheral surface of the excavation shaft 100. The outer periphery of the segment 101 is filled with a backfilling material (not shown).

A plurality of shield jacks 12 are provided inside the skin plate 10 and are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
The shield jack 12 includes a cylinder 120 whose front end is fixed to the skin plate 10, a rod 121 extending and contracting from the rear end of the cylinder 120, and a spreader 122 attached to the rear end of the rod 121.

The rod 121 and the spreader 122 constitute a pressing part that presses the existing segment 101 backward. As shown in FIG. 1(A), the spreader 122 is brought into contact with the front end of the existing segment 101, and as shown in FIG. 1(B), by extending the rod 121, a propulsive force is obtained and the shield tunneling 1 moves forward.

As shown in FIG. 1C, when the cutter head 11 advances a predetermined distance, the rod 121 is retracted and a new segment 101 is constructed behind the shield jack 12 inside the skin plate 10.

A surveying instrument 2 is provided in the pressing section. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, it is attached to a spreader 122.
The surveying equipment 2 uses a total station that can measure distances and angles using light such as a laser and record the measured values in a built-in computer.

In this embodiment, the surveying instrument 2 includes rear view mirrors (not shown) installed at two reference points whose positions (for example, height, latitude, and longitude) are known in the rear excavation shaft 100. Ascertain one's own position by sighting the object. By collimating targets 102a and 102b, which are made up of reflective mirrors installed at two locations on the bulkhead 13, the positions of the targets 102a and 102b are detected, and the position and direction of the shield excavator 1 are adjusted. .
Furthermore, the surveying instrument 2 automatically conducts surveying every five minutes and transmits the data to an external computer (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 2, the surveying instrument 2 is installed inside a protective box 3.
The protection box 3 is suspended from the spreader 122 of the shield jack 12 located near the top of the shield excavator 1 via the horizontal maintenance device 4.
The protection box 3 includes a bottom plate 30, a top plate 31, and side plates 32.
The surveying instrument 2 is fixed on the bottom plate 30 of the protection box 3 with fixing screws 33.

The total station of the surveying equipment 2 uses a general automatic correction function to correct errors caused by tilting, rolling, and minute vibrations of the shield excavator, and if this is exceeded, the total station of the surveying equipment 2 is automatically leveled. Correspond by setting it up. However, if this is not possible, a leveling device 4 is provided.

As shown in FIG. 3, the horizontal maintenance device 4 connects a base plate 40, an upper support shaft 41 and a lower support shaft 42, an upper sphere 43 and a lower sphere 44, a front clamping plate 45 and a rear clamping plate 46. It includes a screw 47, a spring 48, and a tightening device 49.
A magnet 50 is fixed to the upper surface of the substrate 40 with a screw 50', and the substrate 40 is attached to the lower surface of the spreader 122 via this magnet 50. There are four magnets 50, each of which is provided with a lever 50a, and can be attached to and detached from the spreader 122 by operating this lever 50a.

The upper support shaft 41 and the lower support shaft 42 are threaded shafts and are arranged coaxially.
The upper end of the upper support shaft 41 passes through the substrate 40 , and a nut 41 ′ is screwed onto the upper support shaft 41 above the substrate 40 , and the upper support shaft 41 extends downward from the substrate 40 .
The lower end of the lower support shaft 42 passes through the top plate 31 of the protection box 3, and a nut 42' is screwed onto the lower support shaft 42 below the top plate 31 (FIG. 2).

The upper sphere 43 and the lower sphere 44 are provided at the lower end of the upper support shaft 41 and the upper end of the lower support shaft 42, respectively, and are spaced apart from each other.
The outer surfaces of the upper sphere 43 and the lower sphere 44 have a circumference that passes through the lower end of the upper support shaft 41 and the upper end of the lower support shaft 42, respectively, and divides the outer peripheral surfaces of the upper sphere 43 and the lower sphere 44 into two in the front and rear. Rotation suppressing ribs 430 and 440 are formed along the sides.

A hemispherical upper fitting recess 51 and lower fitting recess 52 for fitting the upper sphere 43 and the lower sphere 44 are formed at the upper and lower portions of the opposing surfaces of the front holding plate 45 and the rear holding plate 46, respectively. be done.
The front clamping plate 45 and the rear clamping plate 46 fit the upper sphere 43 and the lower sphere 44 by fitting the upper fitting recess 51 to the upper sphere 43 and fitting the lower fitting recess 52 to the lower sphere 44, respectively. It is placed between the front and back.
The front clamping plate 45 and the rear clamping plate 46 are connected to each other so as to be releasable by a connecting screw 47 passing through the center thereof.

Further, an upper support shaft 41 fixed to the substrate 40 and a lower support shaft 42 to which the protection box 3 is attached are connected via a front clamping plate 45 and a rear clamping plate 46.
As a result, the protective box 3 containing the surveying equipment 2 is suspended from the spreader 122 of the shield jack 12 (FIG. 2).

Rotation suppressing ribs 430 and 440 are interposed between the front clamping plate 45 and the rear clamping plate 46.
Therefore, the front clamping plate 45 and the rear clamping plate 46 have a relatively large range of movement (approximately ±30 degrees) in the left-right direction along the rotation suppression ribs 430, 440, and the front and rear clamping plates 46 can also swing in the front-back direction. It is allowed to some extent (approximately ±10 degrees). Furthermore, rotation in the horizontal direction about the lower support shaft 42 is restricted to a very small amount (about ±5 degrees).
With this configuration, even if the shield excavator 1 rolls or the tunnel alignment becomes vertically sloped, the protection box 3 is always kept perpendicular to the spreader 122, and the surveying equipment 2 is maintained horizontally. . Horizontal rotation about the lower support shaft 42 may be prevented from rotating, but in this embodiment, a slight rotation is provided in order to enable left-right and front-back rocking. ing.

The spring 48 is fitted onto the connecting screw 47 and biases the front clamping plate 45 and the rear clamping plate 46 in the direction of separating them.
The tightening device 49 is screwed onto the connecting screw 47 at the rear of the rear clamping plate 46 . When the tightening device 49 is tightened during surveying, etc., the rear clamping plate 46 is pushed forward, and the front clamping plate 45 and the rear clamping plate 46 come close to each other against the urging force of the spring 48, and the upper sphere is closed. 43 and the lower sphere 44. The tightening is done to such an extent that the upper sphere 43 and the lower sphere 44 are movable and the protective box 3 is always perpendicular to the spreader 122.
In addition, it is also possible to restrict the swinging of the front clamping plate 45 and the rear clamping plate 46 so that the surveying instrument 2 can be stopped without shaking.

Hereinafter, a survey using the surveying device of the shield excavator 1 of the above embodiment will be explained.

After the assembly of the segments 101 is completed, as shown in FIG. 1(A), the spreader 122 is brought into contact with the front end of the existing segment 101, and the cutter head 11 is rotated and the rod 121 begins to extend to start digging. .
The surveying device 2 sights two reference points at the rear to determine its own position, and then sights the targets 102a and 102b on the bulkhead 13 to determine the position, direction, etc. of the shield excavator 1. To detect.

As shown in FIG. 1B, even when the rod 121 is extended and the cutter head 11 is moving forward while digging, the spreader 122 is fixed in contact with the segment 101, and the spreader 122 is Since the attached surveying instrument 2 does not move, the grasped position of the surveying instrument 2 itself does not shift, and surveying can be continued.
At this time, the targets 102a and 102b provided on the cutter head 11 are moving, but there is no particular problem because the positions of the targets 102a and 102b at the time of surveying are detected instantaneously. Note that excavation data such as the jack stroke of the shield jack 12 may be grasped, and the positions of the targets 102a and 102b may be grasped in consideration of this data. For example, when sighting the target 102b after sighting the target 102a, the position of the target 102b is detected by taking into account excavation data such as a jack stroke that occurs during the time difference between sighting the target 102b from the target 102a. The survey will be carried out.

When the shield excavator 1 moves forward a predetermined distance, the rod 121 is retracted and a new segment 101 is constructed, as shown in FIG. 1(C).
At this time, the surveying instrument 2 also moves together with the spreader 122, so the surveying during this time is interrupted.

When construction of the segment 101 is completed, the spreader 122 is brought into contact with the segment 101 again, and excavation and surveying are restarted.

Since the surveying instrument 2 is installed in the upper part of the spreader 122 where visibility is often relatively good, in this embodiment, in the vicinity of the 12 o'clock direction, there are few obstacles in sight.
Since the surveying equipment 2 always moves together with the shield excavator 1, there is no need to carry it when surveying.
If the excavation shaft 100 is curved and it becomes impossible to visually check the rear reference point with the surveying equipment 2 as the shield tunneling machine 1 moves forward, the reference points should be rearranged and Install a rearview mirror.

[Other variations]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Examples include the following:

In this embodiment, a surveying device in a shield excavator of the shield construction method has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be a TBM method excavator equipped with a propulsion jack.

In this embodiment, the horizontal maintenance device is equipped with a tightening device that restricts the swinging of the surveying equipment, but since the spreader is not moving because the excavation is in progress, the surveying equipment installed on the spreader is also not moving. It is possible to conduct measurements as is. However, during surveying, the rocking may be locked using a tightening device to perform surveying.

In this embodiment, a total station is used as the surveying device, but other surveying devices may be used. For example, a spirit level such as an auto level may be used. In this case, the only position to be surveyed is the height.

The structure of the horizontal maintenance device is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be any structure as long as it can ensure the horizontality of the surveying instrument.

1 Shield excavator 10 Skin plate 11 Cutter head 12 Shield jack 120 Cylinder (base)
121 Rod 122 Splitter 13 Bulkhead 2 Surveying equipment 3 Protective box 30 Bottom plate 31 Top plate 32 Side plate 33 Fixing screw 4 Horizontal maintenance device 40 Board 41 Upper support shaft 42 Lower support shaft 43 Upper sphere 430 Rotation suppression rib 44 Lower sphere 440 Rotation suppression rib 45 Front clamping plate 46 Rear clamping plate 47 Connection screw 48 Spring 49 Tightening device 50 Magnet 51 Upper fitting recess 52 Lower fitting recess 100 Excavation hole 101 Segments 102a, 102b Target

Claims (6)

A surveying device for a tunnel excavator equipped with a propulsion jack,
It has a surveying device that detects its own position by sighting a reference point whose position is known and surveys the tunnel excavating machine,
The propulsion jack includes a base that moves forward together with the tunnel excavator, and a pressing part that expands and contracts with respect to the base and presses an existing segment built in the excavation shaft backwards when extended,
The surveying device for a tunnel excavator is characterized in that the surveying device is installed in the pressing section. The pressing part includes a spreader at the rear end that comes into contact with the existing segment,
The surveying device for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the surveying device is installed on the spreader. The surveying device for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surveying device is suspended from the pressing portion via a leveling device. The horizontal maintenance device is
A substrate attached to the pressing part, an upper support shaft extending downward from the substrate, a lower support shaft provided coaxially with the upper support shaft, a lower end of the upper support shaft, and an upper end of the lower support shaft. Claim 3, further comprising an upper spherical body and a lower spherical body respectively provided in the upper spherical body and a lower spherical body, and a front clamping plate and a rear clamping plate that sandwich the upper spherical body and the lower spherical body so as to be able to swing from the front and back. tunnel boring machine surveying equipment. A claim characterized in that rotation suppressing ribs are formed on the outer surfaces of the upper sphere and the lower sphere to restrict rotation of the front clamping plate and the rear clamping plate about the upper support shaft and the lower support shaft. A surveying device for a tunnel excavator according to item 4. According to any one of claims 3 to 5, a protection box is suspended from the pressing portion via a horizontal maintenance device, and the surveying instrument is installed within the protection box. tunnel boring machine surveying equipment.

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