JP7520364B2 - Ceiling structure and its construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a ceiling structure that uses simple components (ceiling material and retaining components) and is extremely easy to install, and to a method of installing the same.

A roof structure in which a tight frame is fixed to a cross beam (structure) made of a steel frame and folded plates are laid on the tight frame is widely known.
In this type of roof structure, the folded plates are laid in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cross beams. Also, because the cross beams are constructed at intervals of 3 to 5 meters due to the shape of the roof material, etc., space is required to set up scaffolding inside the room when installing the tight frame, laying the roof material, etc.
In this case, the ceiling structure is generally constructed separately from the roof structure.
Therefore, if you try to install a ceiling in a gymnasium or the like after the roof has been installed, scaffolding is required just for the ceiling installation.

For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a structure in which a wall material such as a ceiling material is erected between C-shaped steel (channel steel with a lip).
Furthermore, Patent Document 2 proposes a structure in which a ceiling folded plate body and a folded plate roof body are laid on a beam.

Patent No. 4764375 Patent No. 5973749

However, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the wall material used is a dedicated material for ceilings, and it is difficult to use it for anything other than ceiling materials. Specifically, one of the left and right edges of the face plate is attached so as to cover the C-shaped steel, but the other is attached to the lip of the lower flange of the C-shaped steel, so it is not possible to form a continuous exterior surface.
In addition, the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 does not propose a single unit that can be used for both interior and exterior purposes, as it involves laying a ceiling folded plate body and a folded plate roof body that are of different shapes.
As described above, the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot be used for both roof structures and ceiling structures, and therefore have various problems such as the above-mentioned product management.

The present invention aims to propose a ceiling structure and its construction method that uses simple components (ceiling material and retaining components) and is extremely easy to install.

The present invention relates to a ceiling structure comprising a ceiling material having rising portions on the left and right sides of a panel portion that are raised upward and have engaging portions formed near their base ends so as to protrude toward the panel portion , a support surface portion extending outward from the upper end of the rising portion, and a folded portion in which the tip of the support surface portion is folded down, and a retaining member having a horizontal support base portion, wherein the support surface portions of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right are connected in a superimposed state on the support base portion of the retaining member , and the retaining member, decorative material, or hanging hardware is attached between the engaging portions of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right .

The present invention also proposes a ceiling structure in which the face plate portion of the ceiling material is porous.

The present invention also proposes a method for constructing the ceiling structure, which is characterized in that, after a process in which the lower ends of the legs are fixed to the base from the roof side and the retaining members are erected, a process in which the support surface portions of the adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right are connected in a superimposed manner on the support base portions of the retaining members from the roof side is performed.

The ceiling structure of the present invention uses extremely simple ceiling materials, and adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right can be easily connected using simple retaining members equipped with a horizontal support base, making construction of the ceiling surface easy.
In particular, since construction can be easily performed from the reverse side (i.e., the roof side) of the ceiling material, no scaffolding is required inside the room, and therefore neither a huge space for scaffolding nor the enormous cost of constructing the scaffolding is required.
Furthermore, since the engaging portion of the ceiling material is formed so as to protrude toward the panel portion, construction of a flat ceiling surface can be carried out extremely easily by pressing the engaging portion from the panel portion side toward the retaining member.
In addition, since a retaining member, decorative material, or hanging hardware is attached between the engaging portions of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right, the joints between the ceiling materials can be hidden from the inside of the room by the decorative material, or can be used as a place to install lighting fixtures, etc.

In addition, if the surface portion of the ceiling material is porous, that portion (ceiling surface portion) can be formed, for example, from punched metal, and insulating material or functional material may or may not be provided, but consideration should be given to sound absorption, light weight, etc.

Furthermore, the ceiling construction method of the present invention involves the process of erecting the retaining members on the base, followed by the process of placing the ceiling material between adjacent retaining members on the left and right, so each process can be carried out extremely easily from above (the roof) side. Therefore, there is no need for work such as assembling scaffolding, making it extremely practical.

FIG. 1A is a front view showing a ceiling material used in the ceiling structure of the first embodiment of the present invention and a retaining member (C-shaped steel) supporting it; FIG. 1B is a front view showing the ceiling structure of the first embodiment with the ceiling material attached to the retaining member fixed to the base. (a) Front view showing the state where a joint cap is attached to the ceiling structure of the first embodiment of the present invention, (b) front view showing the joint cap used, (c) front view showing the state where a hanging hardware is attached to the ceiling structure of the first embodiment, and (d) front view showing the hanging hardware used. (a) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of construction in which the joint cap is first installed in the ceiling structure of the first embodiment of the present invention; (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the joint cap is installed on the retaining member; and (c) is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the ceiling material is then installed. (a) A cross-sectional view showing the construction of first installing a joint cap of another type in the ceiling structure of the first embodiment of the present invention, (b) a cross-sectional view showing the state where the joint cap is installed on the retaining member, and (c) a cross-sectional view showing the state where the ceiling material is then installed. (a) A cross-sectional view showing the installation of a different type of joint cap in the ceiling structure of the first embodiment of the present invention, (b) a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the ceiling material is attached to the retaining member, and (c) a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the joint cap is subsequently installed. FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view in the girder direction of a ceiling structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. (a) is a front view showing the state in which a different joint cap is used to install the ceiling structure of the second embodiment of the present invention, and showing the state in which the different joint cap material is attached from the side to the rising portion of the ceiling material; (b) is an oblique view of the same; and (c) is an oblique view showing the state in which an adjacent different ceiling material is attached. 1A is a perspective view showing a ceiling structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view thereof, and FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view showing the structure with the retaining member and base omitted. (a) A cross-sectional view showing the state in which an outer cover material is attached to the vertical bar-shaped portion formed in the ceiling structure of the second embodiment of the present invention, (b) a cross-sectional view showing the state in which another outer cover material is attached, and (c) a cross-sectional view showing the state in which yet another outer cover material is attached. FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view in the flow direction showing a state in which a horizontal roof structure is attached to a vertical bar-shaped portion formed in a ceiling structure of a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view in the girder direction thereof. FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view in the flow direction showing a state in which a vertical roof structure is attached to a vertical slat portion formed in a ceiling structure of a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view in the girder direction thereof. (a) A front view showing the state in which the mounting auxiliary material is attached between adjacent ceiling materials of the third embodiment of the present invention, (b) a front view showing an enlarged portion where the mounting auxiliary material is attached, and (c) a front view showing an enlarged portion of the joint cap in the example.

The ceiling structure of the present invention is a ceiling structure consisting of a ceiling material having a rising portion on the left and right sides of a panel portion, which is raised upward and has an engaging portion formed near its base end so as to protrude toward the panel portion, a support surface portion extending outward from the upper end of the rising portion, and a folded portion in which the tip of the support surface portion is folded down, and a retaining member having a horizontal support base portion, wherein the support surface portions of the ceiling materials adjacent to each other on the left and right are connected in a superimposed state on the support base portion of the retaining member , and the retaining member, decorative material, or hanging hardware is attached between the engaging portions of the ceiling materials adjacent to each other on the left and right .

As described above, the ceiling material includes a panel portion, and on the left and right sides of the panel portion, rising portions that are raised upward and have engagement portions near their base ends, a support surface portion that extends outward from the upper end of the rising portion, and a folded-down portion in which the tip of the support surface portion is folded down. The support surface portions of the ceiling materials adjacent to each other on the left and right are connected in an overlapping manner on a horizontal support base portion provided on the holding member, thereby forming a ceiling surface.
It should be noted that the "outside" refers to the direction away from the panel portion, and therefore the support surface portion is provided so as to extend further to the left from the upper end of the raised portion formed on the left side of the panel portion, and the support surface portion is provided so as to extend further to the right from the upper end of the raised portion formed on the right side of the panel portion.

The panel portion is the portion that forms the ceiling surface and may be flat or corrugated, with heat insulating material or various functional materials disposed on the upper surface. Alternatively, it may be a porous panel with many holes, in which case the part (panel portion) may be formed from, for example, punched metal, and may or may not be provided with heat insulating material or various functional materials, but will be designed with consideration given to sound absorption, light weight, etc.

The raised portion is a portion where the left and right sides of the face plate portion are raised upward, and may be substantially vertical or inclined, and an engagement portion of an appropriate shape is formed near the base end of the raised portion. This engagement portion may be a portion that engages with a holding member, or a portion to which a decorative material, a hanging metal fitting, or the like is attached.
Furthermore, it is desirable that this engagement portion be formed so as to protrude toward the panel portion, and this engagement portion can be used as a pressing portion against the retaining member from the side, allowing this raised portion to be positioned in the appropriate position without deformation of the raised portion.

The support surface portion extends outward from the upper end of the raised portion and is the portion that is placed on the support base portion of the retaining member.It is also the point where adjacent ceiling materials are connected in a superimposed manner, so mounting holes for driving in fasteners may be formed in advance.
Since this support surface portion is placed on the support base portion of the holding member in an overlapping state, by forming the support surface portion slightly larger than the width of the support base portion of the holding member, it can be attached from above in a snug fit state. More specifically, if one of the left and right sides is located below and the other is located above, the lower support surface portion is formed slightly larger than the width of the support base portion, and the upper support surface portion is formed even slightly larger than that (the width of the lower support surface portion).

The folded portion is the portion where the tip of the support surface portion is folded down, and there is no particular limit to its length (folded down length). However, if the support surface portion is formed to be slightly larger than the width of the support base portion of the retaining member as described above, this folded portion will be attached in an engaging manner when the support surface portion is attached in an interlocking manner.

The retaining member that supports the ceiling material is a member that has a horizontal support base as described above, and may use a steel section such as a C-shaped steel beam as in the illustrated embodiment described below, or may be a formed body of strip steel material, or may be a plate material that has been appropriately bent.
The size (width) of the support base is not limited, and it is sufficient if the support surface of the adjacent ceiling material is placed on the support base and a fixing tool such as a screw can be driven in. Also, as described above, by forming the support surface of the ceiling material slightly larger than the width of the support base, it can be attached from above in a snug fit, and is adjusted in advance according to the width of the support surface.
As for the retaining member, various configurations can be used as described above, and it may be a continuous material having a length similar to that of the ceiling material, or it may be a number of short pieces installed at predetermined intervals.

The base (framework) to which the retaining member is fixed is a cross beam in the illustrated embodiment described below, but is not limited thereto, and the fixing portion can be fitted along the base and fixed with an appropriate fastener.

The ceiling structure of the present invention is extremely simple, both in terms of the ceiling material and the retaining members that support it, and can be connected by simply overlapping the support surface portions formed on adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right sides with the support base portion of the retaining member.This means that construction can be easily carried out from the roof side, and is of extremely high practical value.
In particular, since construction can be easily performed from the reverse side (i.e., the roof side) of the ceiling material , no scaffolding is required inside the room, and therefore neither a huge space for scaffolding nor the enormous cost of constructing the scaffolding is required.

Furthermore, since the engaging portion of the ceiling material is formed so as to protrude towards the face plate portion, installation can be carried out extremely easily by pressing the engaging portion from the face plate portion side towards the retaining member.
Furthermore, if the panel portion of the ceiling material is porous, that portion (ceiling surface portion) can be formed, for example, from punched metal, and insulating material or functional material may or may not be provided, but consideration should be given to sound absorption, light weight, etc.
In addition, since retaining members , decorative materials, or hanging hardware can be attached between the engaging portions of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right, decorative materials such as joint caps and hanging hardware for lighting fixtures, etc. can be easily attached, thereby improving the design and functionality.

Furthermore, the ceiling structure construction method of the present invention involves a process in which the lower ends of the legs are fixed to the base from the roof side to erect the retaining member, and then a process in which the support surfaces of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right are connected in a superimposed manner on the support base of the retaining member from the roof side, so each process can be carried out extremely easily from above (the roof). Therefore, there is no need for work such as assembling scaffolding, and this has extremely high practical value.

First embodiment

The ceiling structure of the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a ceiling material 1 having rising portions 12, 12' on the left and right sides of a panel portion 11, which are raised upward and have engagement portions 121, 121' near their base ends, support surface portions 13, 13' extending from the upper ends of the rising portions 12, 12' toward the support base portion 21 and placed on the support base portion 21, and folded portions 14, 14' in which the tips of the support surface portions 13, 13' are folded down, as shown in Figure 1 (a), and a retaining member 2 having a horizontal support base portion 21, and the support surface portions 13, 13' of adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right are connected in an overlapping manner on the support base portion 21 provided on the retaining member 2.
The raised portions, support surface portions, and folded portions formed on the left and right sides of the panel portion 11 are designated as 12, 13, and 14 on the sides that will become the upper surface when stacked (the left side in the drawing), and as 12', 13', and 14' on the sides that will become the lower surface (the right side in the drawing).

The retaining member 2 supporting the ceiling material 1 is a C-shaped steel (a channel steel with a lip), which is a continuous through member in the longitudinal direction and also serves as a structural member such as a beam.
The retaining member 2 in this first embodiment is a C-shaped steel as described above, and therefore its upper flange is the support base portion 21 which is a horizontal cross piece, its web is the leg portion 22 which is a vertical longitudinal piece, and its lower flange is the fixed portion 23 which is a horizontal cross piece, and the tip of the upper flange (support base portion) 21 is provided with a downward lip 211, and the tip of the lower flange (fixed portion) 23 is provided with an upward lip 231.
In addition, in Figure 1 (b), the base 3 on which the retaining member 2 is erected is a cross beam or structural body, and is made of H-shaped steel material or the like. In this embodiment, the retaining member 2 is erected (fixed) via an L-shaped steel material 3b fixed to the base 3.

As described above, when the retaining member 2 is a C-shaped steel, the following four assumptions are possible, and the combinations of these are also diverse.
(1) The ceiling material 1 can be used purely as a ceiling material by placing solar cells or other equipment on it or by laying an exterior material on it (see FIG. 11, etc., described later).
(2) The equipment is installed inside the room via a hanging bracket below the ceiling material 1.
(3) The ceiling material 1 can be used alone as an exterior material.
In cases where the ceiling material 1 does not also serve as an exterior material as in (1) and (2) above, if the joints are visible from below, decorative materials or joint covers may be placed in the recesses or C-shaped steel. In other words, by placing decorative materials or joint covers, the design of the ceiling surface can be enhanced. In addition, punching materials can be used to form the face plate, and insulating materials can be laid on the face plate, and further auxiliary equipment can be placed via hanging hardware, etc. The joints may or may not be covered.
In the above (3), the upper surface of the ceiling material 1 becomes the exterior surface and the lower surface becomes the ceiling surface, so that an accessory for exterior use may be arranged on the upper surface, and an accessory for ceiling use may be arranged on the lower surface.

The engaging portions 121, 121' of the ceiling material 1 in this first embodiment are not shown in FIG. 1 as the portions that engage with the retaining member 2, nor as the portions to which decorative materials or hanging fittings are attached, but joint caps or hanging fittings, which will be described later, can also be disposed between the engaging portions 121, 121'.

The support surface portions 13, 13' of this ceiling material 1 as an exterior material are portions that form the ceiling surface, similar to the panel portion 11, and in order to fix the support surface portions 13, 13' to the support base portion 21 of the retaining member 2, fixing screws or the like (not shown) may be driven in from above, however, it is desirable to carry out a waterproofing treatment to prevent the infiltration of rainwater, etc. through the fixing screws.
In addition, the height dimension of the rising portions 12, 12' is slightly higher than the web (leg portion 22) of the retaining member 2, and the width dimension of the support surface portions 13, 13' is slightly larger than the upper flange (support base portion 21), so that the ceiling material 1 can be attached snugly to the retaining member 2 from above.

The ceiling material 1 of this first embodiment is itself extremely simple, and adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right can be easily connected using a simple holding member (C-shaped steel) 2 equipped with a horizontal support base 21, making it easy to apply to ceiling surface construction.

2(a) and 2(c) show an example in which a joint cap 4A and a hanging metal fitting 6 are provided in the ceiling structure of the first embodiment.
Of these, Figure 2(a) is an example in which a joint cap 4A shown in Figure 2(b) is attached between adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right to add design, and Figure 2(c) is an example in which a hanging bracket 6 shown in Figure 2(d) is attached so as to span the engagement portions 121, 121' of adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1.

As shown in Figure 2 (b), the joint cap 4A has a decorative lower surface 41 covering the lower flange (fixing portion 23) of the retaining member 2, an upward piece 44 along the upward lip, a vertical surface portion 42 along the leg portion 22, and an insertion portion 43 along the upper flange (support base portion 21), and an engagement piece 441 is provided at the upper end of the upward piece 44.
This joint cap 4A is attached to the retaining member 2 before the ceiling material 1 is installed, and the ceiling material 1 is installed after the joint cap 4A is attached to the retaining member 2. At that time, the joint cap 4A is attached so that the engaging portion 121 engages with the outside of the engaging piece 441 of the joint cap 4A. In other words, since the ceiling material 1 can be attached more stably when it is installed, the joint cap 4A is temporarily fixed with a screw or the like before being fixed.

2(d), the hanging hardware 6 is made by integrating a number of metal pieces by welding or bolts and nuts 6b, and comprises a horizontal top plate portion 61 having a pair of left and right bracing tips 611, 611, and a vertical piece portion 62 extending downward from the center of the top plate portion 61 toward the interior side of the room, the lower end of which is bent horizontally to provide a connecting horizontal piece 63 for fixing various lighting fixtures, not shown. A mounting nut 631, etc. is fixed to the connecting horizontal piece 63 so that various lighting fixtures, etc. can be easily attached.
This hanging fitting 6 has its tension tips 611, 611 pressed against the inside of the engagement parts 121, 121' of the ceiling materials 1, 1, and because it is a piece material, the mounting position, quantity, etc. can be selected arbitrarily.

Fig. 3(a) shows an example of a construction procedure in which the joint cap 4A in Fig. 2 is first attached to the retaining member (C-shaped steel) 2, and first, as shown in Fig. 3(b), the joint cap 4A is attached to the outside (web side) of the retaining member 2. In other words, this work is carried out prior to construction on site, and the decorative lower surface 41 and vertical surface portion 42 of the joint cap 4A cover the lower flange (fixing portion 23) and web (leg portion 22) of the retaining member 2, and the joint cap 4A is attached so that the insertion portion 43 fits along the upper flange (support base portion 21).
Next, the ceiling material 1 is disposed between the retaining members 2, 2 attached in the predetermined positions as shown in Fig. 3(c), and the arrangement interval between the retaining members 2, 2 is set according to the width length of the face plate portion 11 of the ceiling material 1. Also, as described above, the dimensions of the support surface portion 13 of the ceiling material 1 and the like are formed according to the dimensions of the support base portion 21 of the retaining member 2. Therefore, by dropping the ceiling material 1 from above (from the roof side) into the arrangement interval between the retaining members 2, 2, it can be easily attached in a snug, fitted state, and the construction state shown in Fig. 3(a) can be formed.

Figure 4(a) shows an example of a construction procedure in which the joint cap 4B is first attached to the retaining member (C-shaped steel) 2, and first, as shown in Figure 4(b), the joint cap 4B is attached to the opening side of the retaining member 2. In other words, this work is carried out prior to the installation of the retaining member 2, and the vertical surface portion 42 and decorative lower surface 41 of the joint cap 4B cover the opening (lips 211, 231) and lower flange (fixing portion 23) of the retaining member 2, and the retaining member 2 is attached in a predetermined position with the insertion portion 43 attached so as to fit along the upper flange (support base portion 21).
In addition, the joint cap 4B used in this example is almost the same as the joint cap 4A in Figure 2 (a) above (however, the installation orientation is opposite), and is almost the same except that it does not have the engagement piece 441, so the same symbol is used in the drawing and the explanation is omitted.
Next, the ceiling material 1 is arranged between the retaining members 2, 2 installed in the predetermined positions as shown in Figure 4 (c). As mentioned above, the arrangement spacing between the retaining members 2, 2 is set according to the width length of the panel portion 11 of the ceiling material 1, and the dimensions of the support surface portion 13 of the ceiling material 1 etc. are also formed according to the dimensions of the support base portion 21 of the retaining member 2. Therefore, by dropping the ceiling material 1 from above (from the roof side) into the arrangement spacing of the retaining members 2, 2, it can be easily attached in a snug fit, thereby forming the construction state shown in Figure 4 (a).

FIG. 5(a) shows an example of a construction procedure in which the ceiling material 1 is attached to the retaining member (C-shaped steel) 2 first, which is different from the construction procedure shown in FIG.
5(b), the ceiling material 1 is attached to the holding member 2. That is, by this operation, the ceiling material 1 is attached so that the support surface portion 13' of the ceiling material 1 comes into contact with the upper flange (support base portion 21) of the holding member 2.
Next, the joint cap 4B is placed as shown in Fig. 5(c), but since the ceiling material 1 has been placed first, the insertion portion 43 is placed so as to overlap the support surface portion 13'. After that, the ceiling material 1 located on the right side of the drawing is placed, so that the support surface portion 13' - the insertion portion 43 - the support surface portion 13 are placed in this order from bottom to top, forming the construction state shown in Fig. 5(a).

Second embodiment

Figures 6(a) and (b) show an example in which a retaining member 2B, which is made by cutting and bending a metal plate into an appropriate shape (L-shaped when viewed from the side and approximately rectangular when viewed from the front), is pre-mounted on a base 3, and the ceiling materials 1, 1 are attached in an engaging manner to the left and right side edges 251 of the retaining member 2B.
In this example, the holding member 2B has front and rear faces 25, 25 of a bottom portion 24 which are raised substantially vertically and opposed to each other, and upper ends of the front and rear faces 25, 25 are bent substantially horizontally outward to form support base portions 26, 26.
The base 3 is a structural body that serves as a cross beam, and is made of C-shaped steel, which is disposed face down on the H-shaped steel 30 disposed further below.

The retaining member 2B is attached to the left and right side edges 251, 251 of the front and rear faces 25, 25 in such a way that the rising portions 12, 12' (including the engaging portions 121, 121') of the left and right ceiling materials 1, 1 are aligned in an engaging manner (they are molded into a shape that allows them to be aligned), allowing the ceiling material 1 to be attached more stably.

Figure 7 shows an example of using a retaining member 2B as in Figure 6, but in which a joint cap 4B is attached between adjacent retaining members 2B, 2B in the longitudinal direction. The figure shows the procedure for simultaneously installing the ceiling material 1 and the joint cap 4B.
This joint cap 4B is almost the same as the joint cap 4A (however, the installation direction is opposite), except that it does not have the engagement piece 441, so it is given the same reference numerals in the drawings and the description is omitted. Note that this joint cap 4B does not cover the retaining member 2B from the inside of the room, but it has the same purpose of providing design between the ceiling materials 1, 1 adjacent to each other on the left and right.

In Figures 7(a) and (b), the retaining members 2B having the above-mentioned structure are fixed at predetermined intervals on the base 3 in advance, and the ceiling material 1 and joint caps 4B are applied to them at the same time.
That is, the ceiling material 1 is attached to the left side of the holding member 2B located at the leftmost position, and the joint cap 4B is attached from the right side while being rotated.
Furthermore, as shown in particular in Figure 7 (b), the length of the joint cap 4B is shorter than the distance between adjacent bases 3, 3 in the longitudinal direction (between adjacent retaining members 2B, 2B in the longitudinal direction), so that rotation is not hindered by the retaining member 2B (i.e., the joint cap 4B is not in contact with the retaining member 2B), and the joint cap 4B can be easily rotated and attached.
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 7(c), a new ceiling material 1 can be easily attached by fitting it from above, and the above procedure is thereafter repeated for installation.

Figure 8(a) shows the state where three ceiling materials 1 are placed side by side on the left and right by repeating the above procedure, Figure 8(b) shows a cross-sectional view of the state, and Figure 8(c) shows the combination of the ceiling material 1 and the joint cap 4B.

In this way, in a ceiling structure constructed as shown in Figures 7 and 8, a continuous ceiling surface is formed with the panel portion 11 of the ceiling material 1, and the joint cap 4B placed between the base members 3, 3 can be seen from the inside of the room at the joint, providing excellent design.

9(a) to (c) show variations of the outer cover material to be attached to the vertical bar-like portion formed at the connection portion of the adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right in the example of Fig. 2(c) above. Note that this outer cover material may be a continuous material or a piece material depending on the purpose, and may also be a combination of multiple members.
However, while the example in Fig. 2(c) uses a retaining member 2 made of C-shaped steel, Fig. 9 uses a retaining member 2B which is a formed material of the metal plate. Therefore, the ceiling material 1 and hanging hardware 6 in Fig. 9 are the same as those in the example in Fig. 2(c) and therefore the same reference numerals are used in the drawing, and the retaining member 2B is the same as those in Fig. 6 and so forth and therefore the same reference numerals are used in the drawing and their explanations are omitted.

FIG. 9(a) shows an outer cover material 5A attached from above to a vertical bar-like portion formed at the connection portion of adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right.
The outer cover material 5A is a molded body of metal or hard resin, and has a shape in which side portions 52, 52 are folded down in an umbrella shape from the left and right sides of a flat top portion 51 having a central recessed portion 511, and the lower ends of the side portions 52, 52 are provided with engaging portions 521, 521 that are raised upward inward. The engaging portions 521, 521 are attached to the outside of the left and right engaging portions 121, 121' in an engaging (fitting) manner. In addition, horizontal extending pieces 522, 522 are provided on the inside of the side portions 52, 52 toward the inside, and are arranged to press the left and right support surface portions 13, 13' when attached. Therefore, the outer cover material 5A is attached to the vertical bar-shaped portion in a surrounding manner from above, below, left and right by the extending pieces 522, 522 of the side portions 52, 52 and the engaging portions 521, 521. The extension pieces 522, 522 prevent the outer cover material 5A from being pressed too strongly or too deeply from above. Therefore, the outer cover material 5A can be elastically fitted and attached to the adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right sides simply by pressing the vertical bar-shaped portions from above.
In addition, the recessed portion 511 provided in the center of the top 51 of this outer cover material 5A can be used as a support portion for recessing the head of a bolt (not shown) and sliding it in the longitudinal direction, and can support snow guards, solar cells, etc.

FIG. 9(b) shows an outer cover material 5B attached from the side to a vertical bar-like portion formed at the connection portion of adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right.
This outer cover material 5B is an assembly of molded parts made of metal or hard resin, with symmetrical parts connected by bolts and nuts 541, and is made up of a substantially horizontal top portion 53, a substantially vertical portion 54, a substantially horizontal platform portion 55 that runs along the support surface portions 13, 13', and side portions 56, 56 that run from the side ends of the platform portion 55 to the rising portions 12, 12'. Note that horizontal extension pieces 561, 561 are provided on the inside of the side portions 56, 56 toward the inside, and these extension pieces 561, 561 are attached in an engaging (fitting) manner to the outsides of the left and right engagement portions 121, 121'.
Therefore, the outer cover material 5B can be easily attached to the vertical bar-like portion from the side. A solar cell (not shown) or the like can be supported on the top portion 53 of the outer cover material 5B.

FIG. 9C shows an outer cover material 5C attached from above to the vertical bar-like portion formed at the connection portion of adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right.
The outer cover material 5C is a molded body of a metal plate material similar to the ceiling material 1, and has a shape in which side portions 58, 58 are folded down from the left and right sides of a flat top portion 57 in an umbrella shape, and the lower ends of the side portions 58, 58 are provided with engaging portions 581, 581 that are raised upward inward. The engaging portions 581, 581 are attached to the outside of the left and right engaging portions 121, 121' in an engaging (fitting) manner. Since the folded lower ends of the side portions 58, 58 are disposed close to the face plate portion 11, rainwater, etc. flowing on the face plate portion 11 is blocked by the side portions 58, 58 of the outer cover material 5C when it flows to the rising portions 12, 12' at the side ends, so that the rainwater is prevented from entering upward along the rising portions 12, 12'.

The ceiling material 1 in the examples shown in these Figures 9(a) to (c) can be used as either an interior material (ceiling material) or an exterior material, but as mentioned above, it functions as both an interior material (ceiling material) and an exterior material at the same time.

Figure 10 shows a horizontal roof structure installed on the vertical batten portion formed at the connection between adjacent ceiling materials 1, 1 on the left and right, and Figure 11 shows a vertical roof structure installed on the same vertical batten portion.
The ceiling material 1 and the retaining member 2B which form this ceiling structure are as described above, and so the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description thereof will be omitted.
In either case, the portions where the support surface portions 13, 13' of the ceiling materials 1, 1 are connected together in an overlapping manner on the support base portion 26 of the retaining member 2B form the mounting base surface for each roof structure.

The horizontally laid exterior structure shown in Figure 10 has an exterior material 7A, which is a horizontally laid exterior material with a backing material 7c arranged on its back side, arranged together with a backup material 7B, and is constructed by mutually engaging the belowwater side molding portion 72 and the abovewater side molding portion 73 formed on the belowwater side and abovewater side, respectively, of the face plate portion 11 of the exterior materials 7A, 7A adjacent to each other in the flow direction (left-right direction in the drawing).
On the support surface 13, 13', a continuous support material 8A arranged along the flow direction, a heat insulating material 8B arranged between the continuous support materials 8A, 8A, and a fixing metal fitting 8C are arranged, and are attached with a retaining clip 7d fixed to the upper surface of the continuous support material 8A. The continuous support material 8A is a continuous material with an inverted U-shaped cross section, and is fixed to the mounting base surface with a fixing metal fitting 8C arranged to straddle it. The fixing metal fitting 8C is fixed using (reusing) the fixing device 1b that connects the support surface 13, 13' of the ceiling material 1, 1.

The vertical roofing exterior structure shown in Figure 11 comprises a W-shaped drainage member 9A arranged on the mounting base surface (support surface portions 13, 13') along the flow direction (left-right direction in Figure 11(a) and front-back direction in Figure 11(b)), a heat insulating material 9B arranged between the drainage members 9A, 9A, a support member 9C arranged so as to straddle a raised fixing portion 91 provided in the center of the drainage member 9A, a vertical roofing exterior material 7E arranged between adjacent support members 9C, 9C, and a cover material 7F covering the space between the left and right vertical roofing exterior materials 7E, 7E.
The support member 9C plays the role of fixing the drainage member 9A so that it does not shift in the flow direction, and the role of elastically fitting and holding the vertical roofing exterior material 7E, and the cover material 7F is attached to the support member 9C in a fitted state simply by pressing it from above, and the vertical roofing exterior material 7E is attached in a sandwiched state between the cover material 7F and the support member 9C. Then, a substantially flat exterior surface is constructed.

In these examples, the roof structure is constructed on the support surface portions 13, 13' of the ceiling material 1, and the roof structure is not restricted by the ceiling structure at all, so either a horizontal exterior structure or a vertical exterior structure can be selected as desired, as described above.

Third embodiment

Figure 12 (a) shows the state in which a joint cap 4C is attached between adjacent ceiling materials 1" and 1" of the second embodiment, and the retaining member 2 supporting this ceiling material 1" is a C-shaped steel (channel steel with a lip) as in the first embodiment.

The ceiling material 1" in this third embodiment is similar to the ceiling material 1 in the first embodiment in terms of the substantially horizontal surface plate portion 11 and the support surface portions 13, 13', but differs from the ceiling material 1 in the first embodiment in that the rising portions 15, 15', excluding the engaging portions 151, 151', and the folded-down portions 16, 16' are substantially vertical. In other words, the rising portions 12, 12' in the first embodiment and the rising portions 15, 15' in this third embodiment are common in that they rise vertically from the surface plate portion 11 and have their upper ends folded horizontally, but in the first embodiment, the engaging portions 121, 121' have a gentle incline that continues from the protruding apex to the upper end. In contrast, in the second embodiment, the engaging portions 151, 151' have a short, steeply inclined apex and then rise vertically again. In other words, the engaging portions 121, 121' in the first embodiment have a long upper side of the L-shape, while the engaging portions 151, 151' in the second embodiment have a short upper side of the L-shape. Alternatively, in the first embodiment, the vertical portion of the rising portions 12, 12' exists only below the engaging portions 121, 121', whereas in the third embodiment, the vertical portion of the rising portions 15, 15' extends both above and below the engaging portions 151, 151'.

In addition, as shown in Figure 12 (c), the joint cap 4C has approximately vertical vertical surface portions 42", 42" raised on the left and right sides of a horizontal bottom surface portion (decorative undersurface 41"), and an attachment portion 421" bent inward in an L-shape is provided at the upper end of the vertical surface portion 42".
This joint cap 4C is attached from below to the lower flange (fixing portion) 23 of the retaining member 2, but since it is disposed between adjacent ceiling materials 1", 1", it is attached so as to straddle and brace between the attached portions 421", 421". Therefore, as shown enlarged in Figure 12 (b), the ceiling material 1" is stably attached between the adjacent attached portions 421", 421", with the engagement portions 151, 151', so that the joint cap 4C also serves as an auxiliary attachment material.
The ceiling material 1" is used in the same manner as the ceiling material 1 in the first embodiment, but in this case, the joint cap 4C also functions as a joint cap that gives the lower flange (fixing portion) 23 of the retaining member 2 a design from below (doubles as a joint cap).

Therefore, in order to provide design appeal to the lower flange 23 of the retaining member 2, which is a C-shaped steel, from below, this joint cap 4C needs to have a dimension at least longer than the retaining member 2.
Furthermore, when installing this joint cap 4C, if you reach over to the underside of the decorative underside 41" from the side and lift it up, the mounting portions 421", 421" and the engaging portions 151, 151' will engage stably, allowing both the ceiling material 1" and the joint cap 4C to be installed stably.

1, 1" Ceiling material 11, 11" Face plate part 12, 12', 15, 15' Rising part 121, 121', 151, 151' Engagement part 13, 13' Support surface part 14, 14', 16, 16' Folding part 2, 2B Holding member 21, 26 Support part 22 Leg part 23, 24 Fixing part 3 Base (framework, cross beam)
4A, 4B, 4C Joint cap 41, 41" Decorative underside 5A, 5B, 5C Outer cover material 6 Hanging hardware

Claims (3)

A ceiling structure comprising: a ceiling material including rising portions on the left and right sides of a panel portion, the rising portions being raised upward and including engagement portions formed near the base ends so as to protrude toward the panel portion, a support surface portion extending outward from the upper ends of the rising portions, and a folded-down portion in which a tip of the support surface portion is folded down; and a retaining member including a horizontal support base portion,
A ceiling structure characterized in that the support surface portions of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right are connected in a superimposed manner on the support base portion of the retaining member , and the retaining member, decorative material, or hanging hardware is attached between the engaging portions of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right . 2. The ceiling structure according to claim 1, wherein the face plate portion of the ceiling material is porous . A method for constructing the ceiling structure according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
After performing a step of fixing the lower end of the leg to the base from the roof side to erect the holding member,
A construction method for a ceiling structure, characterized in that a process is carried out in which the support surface portions of adjacent ceiling materials on the left and right sides are connected in a superimposed manner onto the support base portion of the retaining member from the roof side.

Images