JP7577478B2 - Fish and chicken-like foods - Google Patents
Fish and chicken-like foods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7577478B2 JP7577478B2 JP2020136338A JP2020136338A JP7577478B2 JP 7577478 B2 JP7577478 B2 JP 7577478B2 JP 2020136338 A JP2020136338 A JP 2020136338A JP 2020136338 A JP2020136338 A JP 2020136338A JP 7577478 B2 JP7577478 B2 JP 7577478B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chicken
- fish
- vegetable protein
- food
- moisturizing gel
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Landscapes
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Description
本発明は、魚・鶏肉様食品に関する。 The present invention relates to fish and chicken-like foods.
昨今、畜肉原料を取り巻く社会情勢は厳しくなる現状があり、畜肉の代替原料あるいは増量剤として大豆蛋白質等の植物性蛋白が使用される傾向が強まっている。
植物性蛋白は、加工食品の分野で広く利用されており、日本農林水産省において、「植物性たん白の日本農林規格」によって定義付けされている。この規格において、植物性蛋白の原材料は、大豆粉、脱脂大豆粉、小麦粉、小麦グルテン等から選ばれるものとされている。そして、植物性蛋白の種類は、粉末状植物性蛋白、ペースト状植物性蛋白、粒状植物性蛋白及び繊維状植物性蛋白と区分されている。
Recently, the social situation surrounding meat ingredients has become increasingly severe, and there has been a growing tendency to use vegetable proteins such as soy protein as an alternative ingredient to meat or as an extender.
Vegetable proteins are widely used in the field of processed foods, and are defined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan in the "Japanese Agricultural Standards for Vegetable Proteins." In this standard, the raw materials for vegetable proteins are selected from soybean flour, defatted soybean flour, wheat flour, wheat gluten, etc. The types of vegetable proteins are classified into powdered vegetable protein, paste-like vegetable protein, granular vegetable protein, and fibrous vegetable protein.
植物性蛋白の中でも、脱脂大豆や粉末状大豆蛋白を原料として組織化された植物性蛋白素材は多様な用途に用いられており、ハンバーグやミートボール等の畜肉加工食品には挽肉の増量剤として組織化された植物性蛋白素材が用いられている。 Among vegetable proteins, structured vegetable protein materials made from defatted soybeans or powdered soybean protein are used for a variety of purposes, and structured vegetable protein materials are used as a filler for ground meat in processed meat foods such as hamburgers and meatballs.
一方、組織状大豆蛋白素材の食感の特徴として、咀嚼時のほぐれや消失感が挽肉に比べて劣るという点が挙げられる。このような組織状大豆蛋白素材の食感改良について様々な研究がなされてきた。 On the other hand, one of the characteristics of the texture of textured soy protein materials is that they are less likely to crumble or disappear when chewed than minced meat. Various studies have been conducted to improve the texture of such textured soy protein materials.
例えば、特許文献1には、組織状大豆蛋白素材が、所定長さの偏平形状の組織状大豆蛋白素材と、粒形状の組織状大豆蛋白素材を組合せたものであって、組織状大豆蛋白素材が還元糖を含むものが開示されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a textured soy protein material that is a combination of a flat-shaped textured soy protein material of a certain length and a granular-shaped textured soy protein material, and the textured soy protein material contains reducing sugars.
また、特許文献2には、吸水率を380から500%に調整して食感を改善する技術が開示されている。 Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a technology for improving texture by adjusting the water absorption rate from 380 to 500%.
特許文献3には、紡糸された繊維状の植物性たんぱく質を水和させて製造した擬似肉食品が開示されている。 Patent document 3 discloses an imitation meat food product made by hydrating spun fibrous vegetable protein.
しかしながら、特許文献1~3に開示された畜肉様食品は、加熱調理すると天然の魚肉や鶏肉に比べて食感が劣ってしまうという問題があった。 However, the meat-like foods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 have a problem in that when cooked, they have an inferior texture compared to natural fish or chicken meat.
本発明は、このような問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、加熱調理後においても、天然の魚肉や鶏肉と同様な触感を付与することができる魚・鶏肉様食品を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention was made in consideration of these problems, and aims to provide a fish/chicken-like food that can provide a texture similar to that of natural fish or chicken even after cooking.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品は、組織化された植物性蛋白と、保湿ゲルと、これらを被覆する被膜とを有する植物性蛋白素材を含む魚・鶏肉様食品であって、
レオメーターにより測定した硬さが100~3000kN/m2、上記植物性蛋白素材中の油分が10重量%未満、上記魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度が5kN/m2以上であることを特徴とする。
The fish/chicken-like food of the present invention is a fish/chicken-like food comprising a vegetable protein material having a structured vegetable protein, a moisturizing gel, and a coating that covers these,
The hardness measured by a rheometer is 100 to 3000 kN/m 2 , the oil content in the vegetable protein material is less than 10% by weight, and the breaking strength of the fish/chicken-like food is 5 kN/m 2 or more.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、「硬さ」とは、魚・鶏肉様食品を歯で噛んで組織化された植物性蛋白と複合化された保湿ゲルを変形させるのに必要な力の大きさの程度である。一般的な魚肉や鶏肉のような加工食品において、硬さの評価が低い(柔らかい)ほど、天然の魚肉や鶏肉を用いた加工食品とは異なる食感となり、好ましくない。
しかし、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品によれば、レオメーターにより測定した硬さが100~3000kN/m2であり、一方、上記魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度が5kN/m2以上であるので、天然の魚肉や鶏肉のように噛み応えのある触感となるとともに、噛んだ際、植物性蛋白素材の内容物が比較的放出され易く、天然の魚肉や鶏肉と同様の食感を付与することができる。
さらに、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、上記植物性蛋白素材中の油分が10重量%未満であるので、油分が比較的少なく、喫食した際に、魚肉や鶏肉のようにあっさりした味を付与することができる。
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, "hardness" refers to the magnitude of the force required to deform the moisturizing gel composited with the structured vegetable protein by biting the fish/chicken-like food with teeth. In general processed foods such as fish and chicken, the lower the evaluation of hardness (softer), the different the texture from processed foods using natural fish or chicken, which is undesirable.
However, according to the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the hardness measured by a rheometer is 100 to 3,000 kN/ m2 , while the breaking strength of the fish/chicken-like food is 5 kN/ m2 or more. Therefore, the fish/chicken-like food has a chewy texture like natural fish meat or chicken, and the contents of the vegetable protein material are relatively easily released when chewed, imparting a texture similar to that of natural fish meat or chicken.
Furthermore, in the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the oil content in the vegetable protein material is less than 10% by weight, so that the oil content is relatively low and the food has a light taste like fish or chicken when eaten.
なお、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記レオメーターにより測定した硬さとは、25℃において、直径3mmの円柱のプランジャーを試料厚さの95%押し込んだ時に、プランジャーが受ける圧力を意味する。
また、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、植物性蛋白素材の被膜の破壊強度とは、25℃において、上記レオメーターにより、60mm/minで引張測定した際の破断強度を意味する。
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the hardness measured by the above-mentioned rheometer means the pressure that a cylindrical plunger with a diameter of 3 mm receives when it is pressed into the sample to 95% of its thickness at 25°C.
In the fish/chicken-like food product of the present invention, the breaking strength of the coating of the vegetable protein material means the breaking strength measured at 25° C. by the above-mentioned rheometer under tension at 60 mm/min.
本明細書において、「組織化された植物性蛋白」とは、植物性蛋白であり、「植物性たん白の日本農林規格」に規定された粒状植物性蛋白及び/又は繊維状植物性蛋白からなる肉様の組織を有するもののことを意味する。また、「組織化された植物性蛋白」には、「層状」に組織化されたものを含む。「層状」とは、「植物性たん白の日本農林規格」に規定されたものとは若干異なり、2次元的に広がる所定の厚さの組織が複数積層されて層状となった構造のものを意味する。 In this specification, "structured vegetable protein" refers to vegetable protein having a meat-like texture consisting of granular vegetable protein and/or fibrous vegetable protein as specified in the "Japanese Agricultural Standards for Vegetable Proteins." "Structured vegetable protein" also includes those that are "layered." "Layered" refers to a structure that is slightly different from that specified in the "Japanese Agricultural Standards for Vegetable Proteins," and is formed by stacking multiple layers of tissue of a certain thickness that spreads two-dimensionally.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、上記植物性蛋白素材が繊維状であり、上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径平均値が1000μm未満であることが望ましい。
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記植物性蛋白素材が繊維状であり、上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径の平均値が1000μm未満であると、天然の魚肉や鶏肉とほぼ同様の太さの繊維を咀嚼している食感を付与することができる。
In the fish/chicken-like food product of the present invention, it is preferable that the vegetable protein material is fibrous and that the average major axis of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material is less than 1000 μm.
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, when the vegetable protein material is fibrous and the average long diameter of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material is less than 1000 μm, it is possible to impart a texture similar to that of chewing fibers of approximately the same thickness as natural fish or chicken meat.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径とは、上記断面が楕円、長円等の閉曲線により構成された形状であり、重心を通る直線が断面を構成する2つの曲線に到達するまでの長さを断面の径とした際、最も長い径を長径とする。 In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the major axis of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material is the longest diameter when the cross section has a shape formed by a closed curve such as an ellipse or oval, and the length of the straight line passing through the center of gravity to reach the two curves that form the cross section is the diameter of the cross section.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、保湿ゲルは、油脂を含むことが好ましい。
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、保湿ゲルが、油脂を含むが、その量は少ないので、喫食した際、ゲル状の組織が崩れ、油脂に起因する味は感じるが、しつっこさはなく、天然の魚肉や鶏肉のようなあっさりとした触感を付与する一方、豊かな風味を付与することができる。
In the fish or poultry-like food product of the present invention, the moisturizing gel preferably contains oil or fat.
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the moisturizing gel contains fats and oils, but in a small amount, so that when eaten, the gel-like structure breaks down, and although the taste due to fats and oils is felt, it is not heavy, and it imparts a light texture like natural fish or chicken meat while also imparting a rich flavor.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、上記油脂が植物性原料からなることが好ましい。
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記保湿ゲルに含まれる油脂が植物性原料からなると、宗教上の理由から動物性食品を摂取できない者でも食することができる。また、飽和脂肪酸や脂質の含有量が少なくなるので、健康の観点からも好ましい。
In the fish- or poultry-like food of the present invention, the oil or fat is preferably made from a vegetable raw material.
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, if the oils and fats contained in the moisturizing gel are made from vegetable raw materials, then it can be eaten by people who cannot consume animal foods for religious reasons, and the content of saturated fatty acids and lipids is reduced, which is also preferable from the viewpoint of health.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、上記組織化された植物性蛋白は、層状又は繊維状であることが好ましい。
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記組織化された植物性蛋白が、層状又は繊維状であると、保湿ゲルを層状又は繊維状の植物性蛋白と複合化させることができ、上記植物性蛋白素材に天然の魚肉や鶏肉と同様の食感を付与することができる。
In the fish/chicken-like food product of the present invention, the structured vegetable protein is preferably in the form of a layer or fiber.
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, if the structured vegetable protein is layered or fibrous, a moisturizing gel can be combined with the layered or fibrous vegetable protein, thereby imparting to the vegetable protein material a texture similar to that of natural fish or chicken.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、保湿ゲルは、炭水化物を含むことが好ましい。
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、保湿ゲルが炭水化物を含むと、炭水化物が水分を吸収し、水和することにより、魚・鶏肉様食品の保湿性を高めることができる。また、風味を好適に付与することもできる。
In the fish/chicken-like food product of the present invention, the moisturizing gel preferably contains carbohydrates.
In the fish- or poultry-like food product of the present invention, when the moisturizing gel contains carbohydrates, the carbohydrates absorb water and become hydrated, thereby enhancing the moisturizing property of the fish- or poultry-like food product and also imparting a suitable flavor to the fish- or poultry-like food product.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品によれば、レオメーターにより測定した硬さが100~3000kN/m2であり、一方、上記魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度が5kN/m2以上であるので、天然の魚肉や鶏肉のように噛み応えのある触感となるとともに、噛んだ際、植物性蛋白素材の内容物が比較的放出され易く、天然の魚肉や鶏肉と同様の食感を付与することができる。
さらに、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、上記植物性蛋白素材中の油分が10重量%未満であるので、油分が比較的少なく、喫食した際に、魚肉や鶏肉のようにあっさりした味を付与することができる。
According to the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the hardness measured by a rheometer is 100 to 3,000 kN/ m2 , while the breaking strength of the fish/chicken-like food is 5 kN/ m2 or more. Therefore, the fish/chicken-like food has a chewy texture like natural fish meat or chicken meat, and the contents of the vegetable protein material are relatively easily released when chewed, so that the food can be imparted with a texture similar to that of natural fish meat or chicken meat.
Furthermore, in the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the oil content in the vegetable protein material is less than 10% by weight, so that the oil content is relatively low and the food has a light taste like fish or chicken when eaten.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品は、組織化された植物性蛋白と、保湿ゲルと、これらを被覆する被膜とを有する植物性蛋白素材を含む魚・鶏肉様食品であって、
レオメーターにより測定した硬さが100~3000kN/m2、上記植物性蛋白素材中の油分が10重量%未満、上記魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度が5kN/m2以上であることを特徴とする。
The fish/chicken-like food of the present invention is a fish/chicken-like food comprising a vegetable protein material having a structured vegetable protein, a moisturizing gel, and a coating that covers these,
The hardness measured by a rheometer is 100 to 3000 kN/m 2 , the oil content in the vegetable protein material is less than 10% by weight, and the breaking strength of the fish/chicken-like food is 5 kN/m 2 or more.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、レオメーターにより測定した硬さは、100~3000kN/m2である。
このため、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品を喫食した際、魚・鶏肉様食品に含まれる繊維を変形させるために、相当の力が必要となり、天然の魚肉や鶏肉のように噛み応えのある触感となる。
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the hardness measured by a rheometer is 100 to 3000 kN/ m2 .
For this reason, when eating the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, a considerable amount of force is required to deform the fibers contained in the fish/chicken-like food, resulting in a chewy texture similar to that of natural fish or chicken meat.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、レオメーターにより測定した硬さが100kN/m2未満であると、柔らかすぎて、噛み応えのない食感となり、天然の魚肉や鶏肉を喫食している感触とならない。一方、レオメーターにより測定した硬さが3000kN/m2を超えると、硬すぎる食感となり、このような魚・鶏肉様食品を喫食しても、満足が得られない。 In the fish or chicken-like food of the present invention, if the hardness measured by a rheometer is less than 100 kN/ m2 , the food will be too soft and have a texture that is not chewy and will not provide the feeling of eating natural fish or chicken. On the other hand, if the hardness measured by a rheometer exceeds 3000 kN/ m2 , the food will have an excessively hard texture and eating such a fish or chicken-like food will not provide a satisfying experience.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、前記植物性蛋白素材中の油分は10重量%未満である。このため、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品に含まれる油分が比較的少なく、喫食した際に、魚肉や鶏肉のようにあっさりした味を付与することができる。 In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, the oil content in the vegetable protein material is less than 10% by weight. Therefore, the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention contains a relatively small amount of oil, and when eaten, it can impart a light taste like fish or chicken.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、前記植物性蛋白素材中の油分が10重量%以上であると、植物性蛋白素材を噛み切った際に、油分の放出量が多すぎ、魚肉や鶏肉を喫食した食感を得にくくなる。 In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, if the oil content in the vegetable protein material is 10% by weight or more, when the vegetable protein material is bitten into, too much oil is released, making it difficult to obtain the texture of eating fish or chicken.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、上記魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度が5kN/m2以上と大きい。このため、天然の魚肉や鶏肉のように、噛んだ際に、植物性蛋白素材の内容物が比較的放出され易く、天然の魚肉や鶏肉を喫食している雰囲気を与える。 The fish/chicken-like food product of the present invention has a high breaking strength of at least 5 kN/ m2 . Therefore, like natural fish meat or chicken meat, the contents of the vegetable protein material are relatively easily released when chewed, providing the sensation of eating natural fish meat or chicken meat.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度が5kN/m2未満であると、噛んだ際、被膜が破れにくいので、簡単に噛み切れず、天然の魚肉や鶏肉を喫食している食感が得られない。 In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, if the breaking strength of the fish/chicken-like food is less than 5 kN/ m2 , the coating is unlikely to break when bitten, making it difficult to bite off, and the texture of eating natural fish or chicken meat cannot be obtained.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、上記植物性蛋白素材が繊維状であり、上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径の平均値が1000μm未満であることが望ましい。
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記植物性蛋白素材が繊維状であり、上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径の平均値が1000μm未満であると、天然の魚肉や鶏肉とほぼ同様の繊維を咀嚼している食感を付与することができる。
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, it is preferable that the vegetable protein material is fibrous and that the average major axis of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material is less than 1000 μm.
In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, when the vegetable protein material is fibrous and the average long diameter of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material is less than 1000 μm, it is possible to impart a texture similar to that of chewing fibers in natural fish or chicken meat.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品において、上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径の平均値が1000μm以上であると、繊維状の植物性蛋白素材の太さが太すぎるため、天然の魚肉や鶏肉に対する食感を得ることが難しい。 In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, if the average major axis of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material is 1000 μm or more, the thickness of the fibrous vegetable protein material will be too large, making it difficult to obtain a texture similar to that of natural fish or chicken.
上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径の平均値は以下のように求める。すなわち、植物性蛋白素材を長手方向に対して垂直方向に切断し、その断面の径のうち最も大きいものを長径として、この長径を任意の植物性蛋白素材の30個についてスケール付きの光学顕微鏡にて測定してその平均値を求め、この値を上記植物性蛋白素材の長手方向に対して垂直方向の断面の長径の平均値とする。 The average value of the long diameter of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material is calculated as follows: the vegetable protein material is cut perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the largest diameter of the cross section is taken as the long diameter, and this long diameter is measured for 30 pieces of any vegetable protein material using a scaled optical microscope to calculate the average value, which is the average value of the long diameter of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vegetable protein material.
(組織化された植物性蛋白)
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品を構成する植物性蛋白素材は、組織化された植物性蛋白を有する。
(structured vegetable protein)
The vegetable protein material constituting the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention contains structured vegetable protein.
組織化された植物性蛋白は、蛋白質原料を用いて形成されることが好ましい。
蛋白質原料としては、例えば、大豆、エンドウマメ、黄色エンドウ、ソラマメ、緑豆、米、カボチャ、アルファルファ、レンズマメ、ビーン、クローバ、ハッショウマメ、フリホールアカマメ、フリホールクロマメ、アオイマメ、ひよこ豆、小麦、トウモロコシ、キャノーラ、ハギ属、甘草、ハウチワマメ、メスキート、イナゴマメ、ピーナッツ、タマリンド、フジ属、カシア属、ガルバンゾ、コロハ、及び、グリーンピース等の植物に由来する蛋白が挙げられる。
The structured vegetable protein is preferably formed using a protein source.
Examples of protein sources include proteins derived from plants such as soybeans, peas, yellow peas, broad beans, mung beans, rice, pumpkin, alfalfa, lentils, beans, clover, mucuna pruriens, frijoles red beans, frijoles black beans, lima beans, chickpeas, wheat, corn, canola, bush clover, licorice, lupin, mesquite, carob, peanuts, tamarind, wisteria, cassia, garbanzo beans, fenugreek, and green peas.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、植物性蛋白として、これらの植物性原料をそのまま用いてもよいが、上記植物性原料から、蛋白質を抽出したものや、蛋白質以外の成分、すなわち脂質、可溶性糖質、澱粉、不溶性繊維(オカラ)、ミネラルなどの一部又は全部を除去し、蛋白質の含量がより濃縮されたものを植物性蛋白として用いてもよい。また、蛋白質原料としては、粉末状のものであってもよく、ペースト状のものであってもよい。上記植物性蛋白は、上記植物性原料の1種を用いたものであってもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いたものであってもよい。 In the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, these plant-based raw materials may be used as they are as the plant-based protein, but the plant-based protein may also be obtained by extracting protein from the plant-based raw materials, or by removing some or all of the components other than protein, i.e., lipids, soluble carbohydrates, starch, insoluble fiber (okara), minerals, etc., to make the protein content more concentrated. The protein raw material may be in powder form or paste form. The plant-based protein may be one of the plant-based raw materials, or a combination of two or more of them.
組織化された植物性蛋白は、蛋白質原料と、炭水化物、脂質、栄養分、及び、調味成分等とを複合して形成することもできる。 Structured vegetable protein can also be formed by combining protein ingredients with carbohydrates, lipids, nutrients, and flavoring ingredients, etc.
炭水化物としては、例えば、糖類や食物繊維が挙げられ、具体的には、果糖、ブドウ糖、砂糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、トレハロース、水飴、カップリングシュガー、はちみつ、異性化糖、転化糖、オリゴ糖(イソマルトオリゴ糖,還元キシロオリゴ糖、還元ゲンチオオリゴ糖、キシロオリゴ糖、ゲンチオオリゴ糖、ニゲロオリゴ糖、テアンデオリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖等)、糖アルコール(マルチトール、エリスリトール、ソルビトール、パラチニット、キシリトール、ラクチトール、還元水飴等)、デキストリン、及び、澱粉類(生澱粉、加工澱粉等)が挙げられる。
また、食物繊維としては、寒天、アルギン酸塩、大豆レシチン、ポリデキストロース、難消化性デキストリン、結晶セルロース、及び、増粘多糖類(カラギーナン、カシアガム、セルロースガム、カードランガム、グアーガム、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、こんにゃく、ローカストビーンガム、ペクチン、キサンタンガム)等が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
Examples of carbohydrates include sugars and dietary fiber, and specific examples of such carbohydrates include fructose, glucose, sugar, maltose, lactose, trehalose, starch syrup, coupling sugar, honey, isomerized sugar, invert sugar, oligosaccharides (isomaltooligosaccharides, reduced xylooligosaccharides, reduced gentiooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides, gentiooligosaccharides, nigerooligosaccharides, theanderoligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, etc.), sugar alcohols (maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol, palatinit, xylitol, lactitol, reduced starch syrup, etc.), dextrin, and starches (raw starch, modified starch, etc.).
Examples of dietary fibers include agar, alginate, soybean lecithin, polydextrose, indigestible dextrin, crystalline cellulose, and thickening polysaccharides (carrageenan, cassia gum, cellulose gum, curdlan gum, guar gum, hydroxypropyl cellulose, konjac, locust bean gum, pectin, xanthan gum), etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
脂質としては、例えば、アマニ油、エゴマ油、ゴマ油、シソ油、くるみ油、サフラワー油、ぶどう油、大豆油、ひまわり油、とうもろこし油、綿実油、ごま油、なたね油、落花生油、オリーブ油、パーム油、やし油、エッセンシャルオイル、アーモンド油、アロエベラ油、キョウニン油、アボカド油、バオバブ油、キンセンカ油、キャノーラ油、ツキミソウ油、グレープシードオイル、ヘーゼルナッツ油、ホホバ油、マカダミア油、天然油、ニーム油、非水素化油、部分的水素化油、ラッカセイ油、合成油、植物油 、ω-脂肪酸( 例えば、アラキドン酸、ω-3-脂肪酸、ω-6-脂肪酸、ω-7-脂肪酸、ω-9-脂肪酸)、牛脂、豚脂、鶏脂、羊脂、鯨油、及び、魚油等が挙げられる。その他の油脂としては、炭素数6~12程度の中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド(MCT)、ドコサヘキサエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸などが挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
脂質としては、植物由来のものが好ましい。宗教上の理由から動物性食品を摂取できない者でも食することができるからである。
Examples of lipids include linseed oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, perilla oil, walnut oil, safflower oil, grape oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, essential oils, almond oil, aloe vera oil, apricot kernel oil, avocado oil, baobab oil, calendula oil, canola oil, evening primrose oil, grapeseed oil, hazelnut oil, jojoba oil, macadamia oil, natural oils, neem oil, non-hydrogenated oils, partially hydrogenated oils, peanut oil, synthetic oils, vegetable oils, ω-fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid, ω-3-fatty acids, ω-6-fatty acids, ω-7-fatty acids, ω-9-fatty acids), beef tallow, lard, chicken fat, mutton tallow, whale oil, and fish oils. Other fats and oils include medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) having about 6 to 12 carbon atoms, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The lipids are preferably of vegetable origin, since they can be consumed by people who cannot consume animal products for religious reasons.
栄養分としては、例えば、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、及び、亜鉛等のミネラル、ビタミンA群、ビタミンB群、ビタミンC群、ビタミンD群、ビタミンE群及びビタミンK群等から選ばれる少なくとも1種のビタミン等が挙げられるほか、ポリフェノール類やカロテノイド類やサポニン類等が挙げられる。これらの栄養分は単独で用いてよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。 The nutrients include, for example, minerals such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, and zinc, at least one vitamin selected from vitamin A group, vitamin B group, vitamin C group, vitamin D group, vitamin E group, and vitamin K group, as well as polyphenols, carotenoids, saponins, and the like. These nutrients may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
調味成分としては、例えば、ジンジャーエキス、ニンジンエキス、トマトエキス等の野菜エキス、エビエキス、カニエキス、牡蠣エキス、ホタテエキス等の魚介エキスもしくは魚介風味の植物性エキス、ビーフエキス、ボークエキス、チキンエキス等の畜肉系エキスもしくは畜肉風味の植物性エキス、酵母エキス、砂糖、塩、お酢、醤油、味噌、みりん、コンソメ、グルタミン酸ソーダ等のアミノ酸調味成分、こしょう等の香辛料、及び、香料(草根、木皮、花、果実、果皮又はその他動植物を素材として調製された天然香料や、コーヒー由来、紅茶由来、緑茶由来、ウーロン茶由来、ココア由来、ハーブ由来、スパイス由来、フルーツ由来の合成香料等)等の調味成分が挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。 The seasoning ingredients include, for example, vegetable extracts such as ginger extract, carrot extract, tomato extract, etc.; seafood extracts or seafood-flavored plant extracts such as shrimp extract, crab extract, oyster extract, scallop extract, etc.; meat extracts or meat-flavored plant extracts such as beef extract, pork extract, chicken extract, etc.; yeast extract; sugar, salt, vinegar, soy sauce, miso, mirin, consommé, monosodium glutamate, etc., amino acid seasoning ingredients; spices such as pepper; and flavorings (natural flavors prepared using roots, bark, flowers, fruits, peels, or other animals and plants, synthetic flavors derived from coffee, black tea, green tea, oolong tea, cocoa, herbs, spices, fruits, etc.). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
従来の作用剤放出システムとして、ろう分子等を閉じ込めたカプセルを使用した場合には、食肉構造化タンパク質製品(組織化された植物性蛋白)とカプセルとが別々の構成として存在するために、作用剤放出システムが局在化して味が不均一になるといった問題があった。被膜により被覆された領域内(組織化された植物性蛋白)に調味成分が含まれることにより、調味成分が局在化せず、カプセル内に調味材を閉じ込めた場合と比べて、咀嚼時に均一な味わいを得ることができる。
また、調味成分としては、植物由来のものが好ましい。宗教上の理由から動物性食品を摂取できない者でも食することができるからである。
When a capsule containing wax molecules or the like is used as a conventional agent release system, the meat structured protein product (textured vegetable protein) and the capsule exist as separate structures, which causes the agent release system to be localized, resulting in a non-uniform taste.By containing the seasoning ingredient within the region covered by the coating (textured vegetable protein), the seasoning ingredient is not localized, and a uniform taste can be obtained during chewing, compared to when the seasoning material is enclosed within a capsule.
Furthermore, the seasoning ingredients are preferably derived from plants, since they can be eaten by people who cannot consume animal products for religious reasons.
組織化された植物性蛋白を、蛋白質原料と、炭水化物、脂質、栄養分、及び、調味成分等とを複合して形成する場合、炭水化物、脂質、栄養分、及び、調味成分等は、蛋白質原料100重量部に対して、0.1~500重量部含むことが好ましく、50~300重量部含むことがより好ましい。 When the structured vegetable protein is formed by combining a protein raw material with carbohydrates, lipids, nutrients, seasoning ingredients, etc., the carbohydrates, lipids, nutrients, seasoning ingredients, etc. are preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 500 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 300 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the protein raw material.
組織化された植物性蛋白は、必要に応じて、pH調整剤、消泡剤、界面活性剤、着色剤、可塑剤等を含んでもよい。
pH調整剤としては、例えば、リン酸又はその重縮合物、フィチン酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、乳酸、フマール酸、酢酸、アジピン酸、酒石酸、炭酸、グルコン酸、グルコノデルタラクトン、又は、これらのカリウム、ナトリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム等の塩類等が挙げられる。これらのpH調整剤は単独で用いてよく、二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
The structured vegetable protein may optionally contain pH adjusters, antifoaming agents, surfactants, colorants, plasticizers, and the like.
Examples of the pH adjuster include phosphoric acid or a polycondensate thereof, phytic acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, adipic acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid, gluconic acid, glucono-delta-lactone, and salts thereof such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, etc. These pH adjusters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
組織化された植物性蛋白は、その形状は特に限定されないが、粒状、層状、繊維状等、いかなる形状であっても用いることができる。
なかでも、層状又は繊維状であることが好ましい。植物性蛋白素材に天然の魚肉や鶏肉等と同様の食感を付与するとともに、後述する保湿ゲルを好適に複合化させることができるからである。
The structured vegetable protein is not particularly limited in its form, and any form such as granular, lamellar, fibrous, etc. can be used.
Among these, a layered or fibrous structure is preferred, since this provides the vegetable protein material with a texture similar to that of natural fish meat or chicken meat, and allows the moisturizing gel described below to be suitably compounded therewith.
組織化された植物性蛋白が「層状」であるとは、所定の厚さの層が2次元的に広がった形状の植物性蛋白をいう。この層は、多数の層が折り重なるように形成されていてもよく、一又は少ない数の層が2次元的に水平方向に広がったものであってもよい。
この場合、構成する層状植物性蛋白の厚みが0.01μm~1000μmであることが好ましく、外力により層状方向に引き裂くことができる構造であることが好ましい。
なお、組織化された植物性蛋白が層状である場合、厚みとは、乾燥状態における層状の組織状植物性蛋白の任意の30個について測定した最も短い部分を計測して得られた値の平均値を意味し、積層数は、層状の組織状植物性蛋白の任意の30個について測定した平均値を意味する。
The term "layered" structured vegetable protein refers to vegetable protein that has layers of a given thickness spread two-dimensionally. The layers may be formed by folding multiple layers over one another, or one or a small number of layers spread horizontally two-dimensionally.
In this case, the thickness of the constituent layered vegetable protein is preferably 0.01 μm to 1000 μm, and the structure is preferably such that it can be torn in the layer direction by an external force.
In addition, when the structured vegetable protein is layered, the thickness means the average value obtained by measuring the shortest part of any 30 pieces of the lamellar-structured vegetable protein in a dry state, and the number of layers means the average value measured for any 30 pieces of the lamellar-structured vegetable protein.
組織化された植物性蛋白が「繊維状」である場合、「植物性たん白の日本農林規格」に規定された繊維状植物性蛋白からなる肉様の組織を有する。
この場合、平均繊維径が0.01μm~1000μmであることが好ましく、外力により線維方向に引き裂くことができる構造であることが好ましい。
また、アスペクト比が、10以上であることが好ましい。アスペクト比は、繊維長/平均繊維径により計算される。
なお、組織化された植物性蛋白が繊維状である場合、平均繊維径及びアスペクト比は、乾燥状態における繊維状の組織状植物性蛋白の任意の30個について測定した平均値を意味する。
When the structured vegetable protein is "fibrous", it has a meat-like texture consisting of fibrous vegetable protein as defined in the "Japanese Agricultural Standards for Vegetable Protein".
In this case, the average fiber diameter is preferably 0.01 μm to 1000 μm, and the structure is preferably such that it can be torn in the fiber direction by an external force.
The aspect ratio is preferably equal to or greater than 10. The aspect ratio is calculated by fiber length/average fiber diameter.
When the textured vegetable protein is fibrous, the average fiber diameter and aspect ratio refer to the average values measured for any 30 pieces of fibrous textured vegetable protein in a dry state.
組織化された植物性蛋白は、吸水率が200%以上、600%未満であることが好ましい。
後述する保湿ゲルと好適に複合化させることができ、ジューシー感を好適に付与することができるからである。
吸水率の測定方法としては、例えば、組織化された植物性蛋白の10gを試料として200mLビーカーに入れ、そこに98℃の水を200g加えて5分間静置する。その後、篩を用いて5分間水切りを行った後、湯戻し後の試料の重量を測定し、下記数式により吸水率を算出することができる。
吸水率(%)=(湯戻し後の試料の重量/試料10g中の固形分重量)×100
The structured vegetable protein preferably has a water absorption rate of greater than 200% and less than 600%.
This is because it can be suitably combined with the moisturizing gel described below, and can suitably impart a juicy feel.
The water absorption rate can be measured, for example, by placing 10 g of the structured vegetable protein as a sample in a 200 mL beaker, adding 200 g of water at 98° C., and leaving it to stand for 5 minutes. After that, the water is drained using a sieve for 5 minutes, and the weight of the sample after reconstitution with hot water is measured, and the water absorption rate can be calculated by the following formula.
Water absorption rate (%)=(weight of sample after rehydration/weight of solid content in 10 g of sample)×100
組織化された植物性蛋白は、植物性蛋白素材の全体の重量に対して、5~80重量%であることが好ましく、10~30重量%であることがより好ましい。
組織化された植物性蛋白の重量が上記範囲であると、植物性蛋白素材に天然の魚肉や鶏肉と同様の食感を付与するとともに、保湿ゲルと好適に複合化させることができる。
The amount of the structured vegetable protein is preferably from 5 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the vegetable protein material.
When the weight of the structured vegetable protein is within the above range, the vegetable protein material is given a texture similar to that of natural fish meat or chicken meat, and can be suitably combined with the moisturizing gel.
(保湿ゲル)
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品を構成する植物性蛋白素材は、保湿ゲルを有する。
(Moisturizing gel)
The vegetable protein material constituting the fish- or poultry-like food of the present invention has a moisturizing gel.
保湿ゲルの融点は、100℃未満であることが好ましく、60℃未満であることがより好ましい。保湿ゲルの融点が上記の範囲であると、咀嚼することにより保湿ゲルが融解されるため、ジューシー感に優れる。 The melting point of the moisturizing gel is preferably less than 100°C, and more preferably less than 60°C. If the melting point of the moisturizing gel is within the above range, the moisturizing gel melts when chewed, resulting in an excellent juicy feel.
保湿ゲルとしては、例えば、カラギーナン(κタイプ、ιタイプ、λタイプ)、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、セルロースガム、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、タラガム、ジェランガム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、アルギン酸カリウム、アルギン酸エステル、グアーガム、アラビアガム、トラガントガム、カラヤガム、ペクチン、キサンタンガム、カードラン、プルラン、コラーゲン、アミノ酸各種およびそれらのペプチド、ゼラチン、アミノ酸各種およびそれらのペプチド、寒天、ローカストビーンガム、ガラクトマンナン、グルコマンナン、コンニャクマンナン、タマリンドシードガム、サイリウムシードガム、ガッティガム、アラビノガラクタン、昆布酸、大豆蛋白、大豆レシチン、及び、結晶セルロース等のゲル化剤を含むものが挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。また、保湿ゲルとしては、植物由来のものが好ましい。宗教上の理由から動物性食品を摂取できない者でも食することができるからである。 Examples of moisturizing gels include gelling agents such as carrageenan (κ type, ι type, λ type), sodium carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose gum, hydroxypropylcellulose, tara gum, gellan gum, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, alginic acid ester, guar gum, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, pectin, xanthan gum, curdlan, pullulan, collagen, various amino acids and their peptides, gelatin, various amino acids and their peptides, agar, locust bean gum, galactomannan, glucomannan, konjac mannan, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, ghatti gum, arabinogalactan, kombu acid, soy protein, soy lecithin, and crystalline cellulose. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, moisturizing gels derived from plants are preferable. This is because they can be eaten by people who cannot consume animal foods for religious reasons.
保湿ゲルにおけるゲル化剤の含有量としては、保湿ゲルの全体の重量に対して、0.3~20重量%であることが好ましく、0.5~5重量%であることがより好ましい。 The content of the gelling agent in the moisturizing gel is preferably 0.3 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the moisturizing gel.
保湿ゲルは、水を含有することが好ましい。
水の含有量としては、保湿ゲルの全体の重量に対して、40~99.7重量%であることが好ましく、80~99重量%であることがより好ましい。
The moisturizing gel preferably contains water.
The water content is preferably 40 to 99.7% by weight, and more preferably 80 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the moisturizing gel.
保湿ゲルは、炭水化物を含むことが好ましい。
保湿ゲルが炭水化物を含むと、炭水化物が保湿ゲルに含まれる水分を水和することで、保湿性を高められる。また、風味を好適に付与することもできるからである。
炭水化物としては、上述した組織化された植物性蛋白に含むことが可能である炭水化物として記載したものや、ゲル化剤として記載したものを適宜選択して用いることができる。
The moisturizing gel preferably comprises a carbohydrate.
When the moisturizing gel contains carbohydrates, the carbohydrates hydrate the moisture contained in the moisturizing gel, thereby enhancing the moisturizing effect. In addition, the carbohydrates can also impart a suitable flavor to the moisturizing gel.
The carbohydrate can be appropriately selected from those described above as carbohydrates that can be contained in the structured vegetable protein or those described above as gelling agents.
保湿ゲルは、油脂を含むことができる。
保湿ゲルが油脂を含むことにより、ジューシー感を好適に付与するとともに、豊かな風味を付与することができるからである。
The moisturizing gel may include oils or fats.
This is because the moisturizing gel contains fats and oils, which can provide a suitable juicy feel and a rich flavor.
油脂としては、上述した組織化された植物性蛋白に含むことが可能である脂質として記載したものを適宜選択して用いることができる。 The fat or oil can be appropriately selected from those described above as lipids that can be contained in the structured vegetable protein.
油脂は、固形分油脂であることが好ましい。
油脂が固形分油脂であると、保湿ゲルの融点と固形分油脂の融点との差により、複雑な(奥深い)ジューシー感を付与することができるからである。
固形分油脂の融点は、60℃以下であることが好ましい。
The fat or oil is preferably a solid fat or oil.
When the oil is a solid oil, the difference between the melting point of the moisturizing gel and the melting point of the solid oil can impart a complex (deep) juicy feel.
The melting point of the solid fat or oil is preferably 60° C. or lower.
油脂は、乳化剤で乳化させて含有させることもできる。
乳化剤としては、例えば、アニオン性乳化剤、非イオン性乳化剤、カチオン性乳化剤、両性乳化剤を用いることができ、具体例としては、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、レシチン、糖脂質、オリゴペプチド、リポペプチド、リン脂質、及び、サポニン等が挙げられる。
The oil or fat may be contained by emulsifying it with an emulsifier.
Examples of the emulsifier that can be used include anionic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, and amphoteric emulsifiers. Specific examples include glycerin fatty acid esters, lecithin, glycolipids, oligopeptides, lipopeptides, phospholipids, and saponin.
油脂は、植物性原料からなることが好ましい。
保湿ゲルに含まれる油脂が、植物性原料からなると、宗教上の理由から動物性食品を摂取できない者でも食することができるからである。また、飽和脂肪酸や脂質の含有量が少なくなるので、健康の観点からも好ましい。
The fat or oil is preferably made from a vegetable source.
If the oils and fats contained in the moisturizing gel are made from vegetable ingredients, they can be consumed by people who cannot consume animal products for religious reasons.In addition, the content of saturated fatty acids and lipids is low, which is preferable from a health perspective.
油脂の含有量としては、保湿ゲルの全体の重量に対して、0.1~10重量%であることが好ましく、1~3重量%であることがより好ましい。 The oil content is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the moisturizing gel.
保湿ゲルは、調味成分及び栄養分を含むことが好ましい。
調味成分、栄養分としては、上述した組織化された植物性蛋白で記載したものを適宜選択して用いることができる。
保湿ゲルに調味成分が含まれていると、調味成分が局在化せず、従来のカプセル内に調味材を閉じ込めた場合と比べて、咀嚼時に均一な味わいを得ることができる。
また、調味成分としては、植物由来のものが好ましい。宗教上の理由から動物性食品を摂取できない者でも食することができるからである。
The moisturizing gel preferably contains flavoring ingredients and nutrients.
The seasoning ingredients and nutrients can be appropriately selected from those described above for the structured vegetable protein.
When flavoring ingredients are contained in a moisturizing gel, the flavoring ingredients are not localized, and a uniform taste can be obtained when chewing compared to when flavoring materials are enclosed in conventional capsules.
Furthermore, the seasoning ingredients are preferably derived from plants, since they can be eaten by people who cannot consume animal products for religious reasons.
保湿ゲルにおける調味成分の含有量は、付与したい味や風味に応じて適宜調整すればよい。 The amount of flavoring ingredients in the moisturizing gel can be adjusted appropriately depending on the taste or flavor you want to impart.
保湿ゲルは、必要に応じて、pH調整剤、消泡剤、界面活性剤、着色剤、可塑剤、増粘剤、結着剤、調味料等を添加してもよい。 If necessary, the moisturizing gel may contain pH adjusters, antifoaming agents, surfactants, colorants, plasticizers, thickeners, binders, seasonings, etc.
(被膜)
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品を構成する植物性蛋白素材は、植物性蛋白と保湿ゲルとを被覆する被膜を有する。
(Coating)
The vegetable protein material constituting the fish- or poultry-like food of the present invention has a coating that covers the vegetable protein and the moisturizing gel.
被膜の融点は、保湿ゲルの融点よりも35℃以上高いことが好ましい。
被膜の融点を所定の範囲に制御することにより、加熱調理をしたとしても、保湿ゲルが流出することを抑制することができ、加熱調理後においてもジューシー感を維持することができる。
The melting point of the coating is preferably at least 35° C. higher than the melting point of the moisturizing gel.
By controlling the melting point of the coating within a prescribed range, it is possible to prevent the moisture-retaining gel from flowing out even when cooking with heat, and it is possible to maintain a juicy texture even after cooking with heat.
被膜としては、例えば、アルギン酸ナトリウム、アルギン酸カリウム、アルギン酸カルシウム、寒天、こんにゃく、カラギーナン(κタイプ、ιタイプ、λタイプ)、ジェランガム、ペクチン、及び、キサンタンガム等の炭水化物を含むものが挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。 Examples of coatings include those containing carbohydrates such as sodium alginate, potassium alginate, calcium alginate, agar, konjac, carrageenan (κ type, ι type, λ type), gellan gum, pectin, and xanthan gum. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
また、被膜としては、例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、タラガム、ジェランガム、グアーガム、アラビアガム、トラガントガム、カラヤガム、カードラン、プルラン、ゼラチン、寒天、ローカストビーンガム、コラーゲン、ガラクトマンナン、グルコマンナン、コンニャクマンナン、タマリンドシードガム、サイリウムシードガム、ガッティガム、アラビノガラクタン、昆布酸、大豆蛋白、セルロースガム、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、大豆レシチン、及び、結晶セルロース等のゲル化剤を含むものが挙げられる。これらは単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
被膜としては、植物由来のものが好ましい。宗教上の理由から動物性食品を摂取できない者でも食することができるからである。
これらの中でも、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ペクチン等、金属イオンにより凝固する成分が好ましい。
Examples of the coating include those containing gelling agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, tara gum, gellan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, curdlan, pullulan, gelatin, agar, locust bean gum, collagen, galactomannan, glucomannan, konjac mannan, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, ghatti gum, arabinogalactan, kombu acid, soy protein, cellulose gum, hydroxypropyl cellulose, soy lecithin, and crystalline cellulose. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The coating is preferably of plant origin, since it can be eaten by those who cannot consume animal products for religious reasons.
Among these, components that are coagulated by metal ions, such as sodium alginate and pectin, are preferred.
金属イオンとしては、例えば、カルシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、アンモニウム、及び、アルミニウムイオン等が挙げられる。
カルシウムイオンを供給するカルシウム塩として、例えば、乳酸カルシウム、塩化カルシウム、グルコン酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、クエン酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、リン酸一水素カルシウム等を、マグネシウムイオンを供給するマグネシウム塩として、塩化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、及び、アルミニウムイオンを供給するアルミニウム塩として、硫酸アルミニウムアンモニウム、硫酸アルミニウムカリウム等が挙げられる。
Examples of metal ions include calcium ions, magnesium ions, ammonium ions, and aluminum ions.
Examples of calcium salts that supply calcium ions include calcium lactate, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium sulfate, and calcium hydrogen phosphate. Examples of magnesium salts that supply magnesium ions include magnesium chloride and magnesium carbonate. Examples of aluminum salts that supply aluminum ions include ammonium aluminum sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate.
被膜の厚みとしては、0.01~1000μmであることが好ましく、10~300μmであることがより好ましい。
被膜の厚みが上記範囲であることにより、加熱調理をしたとしても、保湿ゲルが流出することを好適に抑制することができ、加熱調理後においてもジューシー感を維持することができる。
なお、マイクロスコープで観察し、最も厚みが小さくなる部分を計測して得られた値を被膜の厚みとする。
The thickness of the coating is preferably 0.01 to 1000 μm, and more preferably 10 to 300 μm.
By having the coating thickness within the above range, the moisture-retaining gel can be suitably prevented from flowing out even when cooking with heat, and the juicy texture can be maintained even after cooking with heat.
The thickness of the coating is determined by observing the coating with a microscope and measuring the part with the smallest thickness.
(植物性蛋白素材の製造方法)
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品を構成する植物性蛋白素材の製造方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、組織化された植物性蛋白を作製し、組織化された植物性蛋白に保湿ゲルを複合化させた後、被膜を形成して植物性蛋白素材を製造する方法等が挙げられる。
(Method of manufacturing vegetable protein material)
There are no particular limitations on the method for producing the vegetable protein material that constitutes the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention, but examples include a method in which structured vegetable protein is produced, the structured vegetable protein is combined with a moisturizing gel, and then a coating is formed to produce the vegetable protein material.
組織化された植物性蛋白の作製方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、蛋白質原料と、必要に応じて、炭水化物、脂質、栄養分、及び、調味成分等をエクストルーダー(押出成型機)に投入し、その後、加圧、加熱処理し、熱可塑性となった蛋白質原料をスクリューの先端部に設けたダイ(口金)より押し出し、組織を所望な程度に膨化させ、次いで細断もしくは破砕、乾燥・冷却、整粒工程を経ることにより、組織化された植物性蛋白を作製することができる。 The method for producing structured vegetable protein is not particularly limited, but for example, the protein raw material and, if necessary, carbohydrates, lipids, nutrients, and seasoning ingredients are put into an extruder (extrusion molding machine), and then pressurized and heated. The thermoplastic protein raw material is extruded from a die (mouthpiece) attached to the tip of the screw, the structure is expanded to the desired extent, and then the structured vegetable protein can be produced through a process of chopping or crushing, drying, cooling, and granulation.
加圧、加熱処理は、公知のエクストルーダーを用い、公知の方法に従って行なうことができる。混練が強く安定的に組織化しやすい二軸以上の軸を有するエクストルーダーを用いることが望ましい。 The pressurization and heat treatment can be carried out using a known extruder and following a known method. It is preferable to use an extruder with two or more axes, which provides strong kneading and facilitates stable organization.
エクストルーダーの加熱条件は、80~150℃が望ましい。また、整粒方法としてはふるいや風力分級などの方法を採用することができる。さらに、パワーミルのように破砕とふるいによる整粒を同時に行う方法でもよい。吸水率は、原料組成、エクストルーダーの加熱温度により調整することができる。 The heating conditions for the extruder are preferably 80 to 150°C. As for the sizing method, methods such as sieving or air classification can be used. Furthermore, a method in which crushing and sieving are performed simultaneously, such as a power mill, may also be used. The water absorption rate can be adjusted by the raw material composition and the heating temperature of the extruder.
保湿ゲルの作製方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、沸騰水中にゲル化剤を加えて保湿ゲル水溶液を作製し、この保湿ゲル水溶液中に組織化された植物性蛋白を加えた後、静置をして組織化された植物性蛋白に、保湿ゲル水溶液を複合化させる。その後、保湿ゲル水溶液と複合化された植物性蛋白を取り出し、冷却を行うことにより保湿ゲル水溶液をゲル化させて保湿ゲルを形成することができる。 The method for producing the moisturizing gel is not particularly limited, but for example, a gelling agent is added to boiling water to produce a moisturizing gel aqueous solution, and then structured vegetable protein is added to this moisturizing gel aqueous solution, which is then left to stand to allow the moisturizing gel aqueous solution to complex with the structured vegetable protein. The vegetable protein complexed with the moisturizing gel aqueous solution is then removed, and cooled to gel the moisturizing gel aqueous solution, forming a moisturizing gel.
保湿ゲル水溶液において、ゲル化剤は、保湿ゲル水溶液の重量に対して、0.3~70重量%であることが好ましく、0.5~10重量%であることがより好ましい。 In the moisturizing gel aqueous solution, the gelling agent is preferably present in an amount of 0.3 to 70% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the moisturizing gel aqueous solution.
被膜の形成方法としては、金属塩を添加して金属イオンを含む水溶液に、上述した保湿ゲルと組織化された植物性蛋白の複合化物を浸漬させる。その後、アルギン酸ナトリウムやペクチン等の炭水化物を溶解させた水溶液に浸漬させ、金属イオンと炭水化物とを接触させて凝固させることにより被膜を形成することができる。これにより植物性蛋白素材を製造することができる。 The method for forming the coating involves immersing the above-mentioned composite of moisturizing gel and structured vegetable protein in an aqueous solution containing metal ions by adding a metal salt. The coating can then be formed by immersing the composite in an aqueous solution in which carbohydrates such as sodium alginate or pectin have been dissolved, and bringing the metal ions into contact with the carbohydrates and allowing them to coagulate. This allows the vegetable protein material to be produced.
金属イオンを含む水溶液における金属イオンは、0.2~5重量%であることが好ましく、0.5~2重量%であることがより好ましい。 The metal ion content in the aqueous solution containing the metal ions is preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight.
炭水化物を溶解させた水溶液の炭水化物の重量割合としては、0.5~10重量%であることが好ましく、1~5重量%であることがより好ましい。 The weight percentage of carbohydrate in the aqueous solution in which carbohydrate is dissolved is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
金属イオンを含む水溶液には、必要に応じて、pH調整剤、消泡剤、界面活性剤、着色剤、可塑剤、増粘剤、結着剤、調味料等を添加してもよい。 If necessary, a pH adjuster, an antifoaming agent, a surfactant, a colorant, a plasticizer, a thickener, a binder, a seasoning, etc. may be added to the aqueous solution containing metal ions.
(食品)
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品は、上記植物性蛋白素材を含むことを特徴とする。
そのため、天然の魚肉や鶏肉のように噛み応えのある触感となるとともに、噛んだ際、植物性蛋白素材の内容物が比較的放出され易く、天然の魚肉や鶏肉と同様の食感を付与することができる。さらに、本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品では、油分が比較的少なく、喫食した際に、魚肉や鶏肉のようにあっさりした味を付与することができる。
(Food)
The fish/chicken-like food of the present invention is characterized by containing the above-mentioned vegetable protein material.
Therefore, the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention has a chewy texture like natural fish meat or chicken meat, and the vegetable protein material is relatively easily released when chewed, so that the food can have a texture similar to that of natural fish meat or chicken meat. Furthermore, the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention has a relatively low oil content, and can have a light taste like fish meat or chicken meat when eaten.
本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品は、以下の工程を経て作製される。
すなわち、本発明の植物性蛋白素材を円柱状、楕円柱状等の凹型成形治具に入れ、凸型成形治具を用いて加圧して成形して食品成形体とする。成形治具の形状は円柱状や楕円柱状に限定されず、食品に応じて選択できる。また、加圧成形は、凹型、凸型治具を用いた一軸プレス以外に、多軸プレス、等方プレス(冷間静水圧プレス)などを使用してもよい。さらに、成形した後、魚、鶏肉など各食品によく見られる形状に切削加工することもできる。
The fish/chicken-like food of the present invention is produced through the following steps.
That is, the vegetable protein material of the present invention is placed in a cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical or other concave molding tool, and pressed and molded using a convex molding tool to form a food product. The shape of the molding tool is not limited to cylindrical or elliptical cylindrical, and can be selected depending on the food. In addition, the pressure molding can be performed using a multi-axial press using a concave or convex jig, an isostatic press (cold isostatic press), etc. Furthermore, after molding, it can be cut into shapes commonly seen in various foods such as fish and chicken.
また、本発明の植物性蛋白素材を成形した食品成形体をゲル化剤溶液や被膜を形成するための溶液中に浸漬して食品成形体中にゲル化剤を浸透させたり、食品成形体の表面に被膜を形成してもよい。例えば、本発明の植物性蛋白素材の被膜形成のためにアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液およびカルシウム塩水溶液を使用した場合には、当該植物性蛋白素材を含む食品成形体を塩化カルシウムや乳酸カルシウムなどのカルシウム塩水溶液に浸漬して被膜の凝固反応を進行させることで、食品成形体が加熱調理中に崩れないように植物性蛋白素材同士の結着性を改善することができる。
さらに、本発明の植物性蛋白素材にデンプン、トランスグルタミナーゼなどの結着剤や市販の植物性蛋白粒子、着色剤、調味料などを加えて、成形して食品成形体とすることもできる。
Furthermore, the food product molded from the vegetable protein material of the present invention may be immersed in a gelling agent solution or a solution for forming a coating to allow the gelling agent to penetrate into the food product or to form a coating on the surface of the food product. For example, when an aqueous solution of sodium alginate and an aqueous solution of a calcium salt are used to form a coating on the vegetable protein material of the present invention, the food product containing the vegetable protein material may be immersed in an aqueous solution of a calcium salt such as calcium chloride or calcium lactate to promote the solidification reaction of the coating, thereby improving the adhesion between the vegetable protein materials so that the food product does not fall apart during cooking.
Furthermore, the vegetable protein material of the present invention can be mixed with binders such as starch and transglutaminase, commercially available vegetable protein particles, colorants, seasonings, etc., and molded into a food product.
本発明の植物性蛋白素材を含む魚・鶏肉様食品は、焼成加熱、蒸し加熱、ボイル加熱、フライ加熱、電磁波加熱等を適宜組み合わせて調理することができる。 The fish/chicken-like foods containing the vegetable protein material of the present invention can be cooked by an appropriate combination of baking, steaming, boiling, frying, electromagnetic heating, etc.
上記植物性蛋白素材は、副材料として、水、油脂類糖類、調味料等の生地の骨格を構成する材料の他、人参、ごぼう、ごま、タマネギ等の野菜類や、ワカメ、ひじき等の海藻類や挽肉等の肉類等と混合することで本発明の魚・鶏肉様食品へと加工することができる。 The above-mentioned vegetable protein material can be processed into the fish/chicken-like food of the present invention by mixing it with secondary ingredients such as water, fats, oils, sugars, seasonings, and other ingredients that make up the structure of the dough, as well as vegetables such as carrots, burdock, sesame, and onions, seaweed such as wakame seaweed and hijiki seaweed, and meat such as minced meat.
次に本発明を実施例によって具体的に説明するが、本発明の主旨を逸脱しない限り本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、特記しない限り部は重量部、%は重量%を意味する。 The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention. Note that, unless otherwise specified, parts are parts by weight and % is % by weight.
(実施例1)
[組織化された植物性蛋白の作製]
脱脂大豆75重量部、小麦蛋白19重量部、ポリリン酸塩1重量部、セルロース5重量部からなる主原料粉を混合し二軸エクストルーダーにて原料混合粉に対し80重量部の水を供給しながらダイヘッド温度125℃、スクリュー回転数450RPMの条件で、8mm角の開口を持つダイから押出して棒状の組織化された植物性蛋白を作製した。
棒状の組織化された植物性蛋白はフードプロセッサーにより粉砕し、フレーク状の組織化された植物性蛋白を作製した。組織化された植物性蛋白は85℃の恒温器にて乾燥を行い、乾燥体を得た。
Example 1
[Preparation of organized plant proteins]
A main raw material flour consisting of 75 parts by weight of defatted soybeans, 19 parts by weight of wheat protein, 1 part by weight of polyphosphate, and 5 parts by weight of cellulose was mixed and extruded through a die with an 8 mm square opening in a twin-screw extruder under conditions of a die head temperature of 125°C and a screw rotation speed of 450 RPM while supplying 80 parts by weight of water to the raw material mixed powder, to produce a rod-shaped structured vegetable protein.
The rod-shaped textured vegetable protein was pulverized in a food processor to produce flake-shaped textured vegetable protein, which was then dried in an incubator at 85° C. to obtain a dried product.
[保湿ゲルの作製]
沸騰水中にカッパー型カラギーナン(WR-78-J)を1重量部、キサンタンガム(SATIAKINE CX90)1重量部、パーム油0.5重量部、植物性鶏エキス1重量部を添加し攪拌し、保湿ゲル水溶液を得た。組織化された植物性蛋白に対し、10倍量の上記保湿ゲル水溶液を加え、92℃で5分静置し、植物性蛋白と保湿ゲル水溶液とを複合化させた。その後、保湿ゲルと複合化され、組織化された植物性蛋白を取り出し、冷蔵庫にて30分静置し冷却させ、保湿ゲル含有植物性蛋白を得た。
[Preparation of moisturizing gel]
1 part by weight of kappa-type carrageenan (WR-78-J), 1 part by weight of xanthan gum (SATIAKINE CX90), 0.5 parts by weight of palm oil, and 1 part by weight of vegetable chicken extract were added to boiling water and stirred to obtain a moisturizing gel aqueous solution. The moisturizing gel aqueous solution was added in an amount 10 times the amount of the structured vegetable protein, and allowed to stand at 92°C for 5 minutes to complex the vegetable protein with the moisturizing gel aqueous solution. Thereafter, the structured vegetable protein complexed with the moisturizing gel was removed and allowed to stand in a refrigerator for 30 minutes to cool, yielding a moisturizing gel-containing vegetable protein.
[被膜の形成]
10%の乳酸カルシウムを含む水溶液に、保湿ゲルと複合化され、組織化された植物性蛋白を浸漬させた後、2重量%の濃度のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液(IL-6M)に室温で10秒程度浸漬させ、アルギン酸ナトリウムを凝固させて被膜を形成し、植物性蛋白素材を作製した。
[Formation of coating]
The vegetable protein that had been complexed and organized with a moisturizing gel was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 10% calcium lactate, and then immersed in a 2% by weight aqueous sodium alginate solution (IL-6M) at room temperature for approximately 10 seconds to solidify the sodium alginate and form a coating, thereby producing a vegetable protein material.
[鶏肉様食品の作製]
上記植物性蛋白素材を円柱状の凹型の成形型に入れて重ね合わせた後に、凸型の成形型を用いて円柱状の成形型の上下方向(円柱状の成形型の円形断面の法線方向)に加圧して成形し、この成形品をさらに10%の乳酸カルシウム溶液に含浸させることで被膜成分を完全に凝固させ、鶏肉様食品を作製した。
[Preparation of chicken-like food]
The above-mentioned vegetable protein material was placed in a cylindrical concave mold and stacked, and then a convex mold was used to apply pressure in the vertical direction of the cylindrical mold (the normal direction of the circular cross section of the cylindrical mold) to form the product. The molded product was then further impregnated with a 10% calcium lactate solution to completely solidify the coating components, thereby producing a chicken-like food product.
(実施例2)
[組織化された植物性蛋白の作製]
脱脂大豆85重量部、粉末状大豆蛋白14重量部、ポリリン酸塩1重量部からなる主原料粉を混合し二軸エクストルーダーにて原料混合粉に対し80重量部の水を供給しながらダイヘッド温度125℃、スクリュー回転数450RPMの条件で、8mm角の開口を持つダイから押出して棒状の組織化された植物性蛋白を作製した。
棒状の組織化された植物性蛋白はフードプロセッサーにより粉砕し、フレーク状の組織化された植物性蛋白を作製した。組織化された植物性蛋白は85℃の恒温器にて乾燥を行い、乾燥体を得た。
Example 2
[Preparation of organized plant proteins]
A main raw material powder consisting of 85 parts by weight of defatted soybeans, 14 parts by weight of powdered soybean protein, and 1 part by weight of polyphosphate was mixed and extruded through a die with an 8 mm square opening in a twin-screw extruder under conditions of a die head temperature of 125°C and a screw rotation speed of 450 RPM while supplying 80 parts by weight of water to the raw material mixed powder, to produce a rod-shaped structured vegetable protein.
The rod-shaped textured vegetable protein was pulverized in a food processor to produce flake-shaped textured vegetable protein, which was then dried in an incubator at 85° C. to obtain a dried product.
[保湿ゲルの作製]
沸騰水中にカッパー型カラギーナン(WR-78-J)を2重量部、植物性魚エキス1重量部を添加して攪拌し、保湿ゲル水溶液を得た。
組織化された植物性蛋白に対し、10倍量の上記保湿ゲル水溶液を加え、92℃で5分静置し、植物性蛋白と保湿ゲル水溶液とを複合化させた。その後、保湿ゲルと複合化され、組織化された植物性蛋白を取り出し、冷蔵庫にて30分静置し冷却させ、保湿ゲル含有植物性蛋白を得た。
[Preparation of moisturizing gel]
Two parts by weight of kappa-type carrageenan (WR-78-J) and one part by weight of vegetable fish extract were added to boiling water and stirred to obtain a moisturizing aqueous gel solution.
The moisturizing gel aqueous solution was added in an amount 10 times the amount of the structured vegetable protein, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 92° C. for 5 minutes to complex the vegetable protein with the moisturizing gel aqueous solution. The structured vegetable protein complexed with the moisturizing gel was then removed and allowed to stand in a refrigerator for 30 minutes to cool, yielding a moisturizing gel-containing vegetable protein.
[被膜の形成]
実施例1と同様にして被膜を形成し、植物性蛋白素材を作製した。
[Formation of coating]
A coating was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a vegetable protein material.
[魚肉様食品の作製]
上記植物性蛋白素材を円柱状の凹型の成形型に入れて重ね合わせた後に、凸型の成形型を用いて円柱状の成形型の上下方向(円柱状の成形型の円形断面の法線方向)に加圧して成形し、この成形品をさらに10%の乳酸カルシウム溶液に含浸させることで被膜成分を完全に凝固させ、魚肉様食品を作製した。
[Production of fish-like foods]
The above-mentioned vegetable protein material was placed into a cylindrical concave mold and stacked, and then a convex mold was used to apply pressure in the vertical direction of the cylindrical mold (the normal direction of the circular cross section of the cylindrical mold) to form the material. The molded product was then further impregnated with a 10% calcium lactate solution to completely solidify the coating components, thereby producing a fish-like food product.
(比較例1)
保湿ゲルおよび被膜を形成しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして植物性蛋白素材を作製した。
(Comparative Example 1)
A vegetable protein material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the moisturizing gel and coating were not formed.
(試験例1)
脱脂大豆100重量部を原料とし、二軸エクストルーダーにて原料混合粉に対し40重量部の水を供給しながらダイヘッド温度120℃、スクリュー回転数150RPMの条件で、厚み1mm、幅15mmのスリットダイから押出してシート状の植物性蛋白を作製した。シート状の植物性蛋白は出口にて押出方向に対して垂直方向にカットし、平均幅5mmの棒状の植物性蛋白を作製した。この植物性蛋白は85℃の恒温器にて乾燥を行い、乾燥体を得た。
上記乾燥体に実施例1と同様にして保湿ゲル、被膜を付与し、植物性蛋白素材を作製した。
(Test Example 1)
Using 100 parts by weight of defatted soybeans as a raw material, 40 parts by weight of water was supplied to the raw material mixed powder in a twin-screw extruder, and the mixture was extruded through a 1 mm thick, 15 mm wide slit die at a die head temperature of 120°C and a screw rotation speed of 150 RPM to produce a sheet-like vegetable protein. The sheet-like vegetable protein was cut perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the outlet to produce rod-like vegetable protein with an average width of 5 mm. This vegetable protein was dried in an incubator at 85°C to obtain a dried product.
A moisturizing gel and a coating were applied to the above dried product in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a vegetable protein material.
[鶏肉様食品の作製]
上記植物性蛋白素材を円柱状の凹型の成形型に入れて重ね合わせた後に、凸型の成形型を用いて円柱状の成形型の上下方向(円柱状の成形型の円形断面の法線方向)に加圧して成形し、この成形品をさらに10%の乳酸カルシウム溶液に含浸させることで被膜成分を完全に凝固させ、鶏肉様食品を作製した。
[Preparation of chicken-like food]
The above-mentioned vegetable protein material was placed in a cylindrical concave mold and stacked, and then a convex mold was used to apply pressure in the vertical direction of the cylindrical mold (the normal direction of the circular cross section of the cylindrical mold) to form the product. The molded product was then further impregnated with a 10% calcium lactate solution to completely solidify the coating components, thereby producing a chicken-like food product.
(試験例2)
粉末状大豆タンパク100重量部を原料とし、二軸エクストルーダーにて原料混合粉に対し20重量部の水を供給しながらダイヘッド温度120℃、スクリュー回転数450RPMの条件で、厚み1mm、幅15mmのスリットダイから押出してシート状の組織化された植物性蛋白を作製した。シート状の組織化された植物性蛋白は出口にて押出方向に対して垂直方向にカットし、平均幅5mmの棒状の組織化された植物性蛋白を作製した。この組織化された植物性蛋白は85℃の恒温器にて乾燥を行い、乾燥体を得た。上記乾燥体に実施例1と同様にして保湿ゲル、被膜を付与し、植物性蛋白素材を作製した。
(Test Example 2)
100 parts by weight of powdered soy protein was used as a raw material, and 20 parts by weight of water was added to the raw material mixed powder in a twin-screw extruder, and the mixture was extruded through a slit die having a thickness of 1 mm and a width of 15 mm under the conditions of a die head temperature of 120°C and a screw rotation speed of 450 RPM to produce a sheet-like textured vegetable protein. The sheet-like textured vegetable protein was cut perpendicular to the extrusion direction at the outlet to produce rod-like textured vegetable protein with an average width of 5 mm. This textured vegetable protein was dried in an incubator at 85°C to obtain a dried body. A moisturizing gel and a coating were added to the dried body in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a vegetable protein material.
[鶏肉様食品の作製]
上記植物性蛋白素材を円柱状の凹型の成形型に入れて重ね合わせた後に、凸型の成形型を用いて円柱状の成形型の上下方向(円柱状の成形型の円形断面の法線方向)に加圧して成形し、この成形品をさらに10%の乳酸カルシウム溶液に含浸させることで被膜成分を完全に凝固させ、鶏肉様食品を作製した。
[Preparation of chicken-like food]
The above-mentioned vegetable protein material was placed in a cylindrical concave mold and stacked, and then a convex mold was used to apply pressure in the vertical direction of the cylindrical mold (the normal direction of the circular cross section of the cylindrical mold) to form the product. The molded product was then further impregnated with a 10% calcium lactate solution to completely solidify the coating components, thereby producing a chicken-like food product.
(試験例3)
基本的には実施例1と同様であるが、以下の条件で保湿ゲルを作製した。
沸騰水中にカッパー型カラギーナン(WR-78-J)を1重量%、キサンタンガム(SATIAKINE CX90)1重量%、ココナッツオイル10重量%、パーム油5重量%、海藻エキス1重量部を添加し攪拌し、保湿ゲル水溶液を得た。
(Test Example 3)
The moisturizing gel was prepared basically in the same manner as in Example 1, but under the following conditions.
1% by weight of kappa-type carrageenan (WR-78-J), 1% by weight of xanthan gum (SATIAKINE CX90), 10% by weight of coconut oil, 5% by weight of palm oil, and 1 part by weight of seaweed extract were added to boiling water and stirred to obtain a moisturizing gel solution.
組織化された植物性蛋白に対し、10倍量の上記保湿ゲル水溶液を加え、92℃で5分静置し、植物性蛋白と保湿ゲル水溶液とを複合化させた。その後、保湿ゲルと複合化され、組織化された植物性蛋白を取り出し、冷蔵庫にて30分静置し冷却させ、保湿ゲル含有植物性蛋白を得た。 The moisturizing gel aqueous solution was added in an amount 10 times the amount of the structured vegetable protein, and the mixture was left to stand at 92°C for 5 minutes to complex the vegetable protein with the moisturizing gel aqueous solution. The structured vegetable protein that had been complexed with the moisturizing gel was then removed and left to stand in a refrigerator for 30 minutes to cool, yielding a moisturizing gel-containing vegetable protein.
[鶏肉様食品の作製]
上記植物性蛋白素材を円柱状の凹型の成形型に入れて重ね合わせた後に、凸型の成形型を用いて円柱状の成形型の上下方向(円柱状の成形型の円形断面の法線方向)に加圧して成形し、この成形品をさらに10%の乳酸カルシウム溶液に含浸させることで被膜成分を完全に凝固させ、鶏肉様食品を作製した。
[Preparation of chicken-like food]
The above-mentioned vegetable protein material was placed in a cylindrical concave mold and stacked, and then a convex mold was used to apply pressure in the vertical direction of the cylindrical mold (the normal direction of the circular cross section of the cylindrical mold) to form the product. The molded product was then further impregnated with a 10% calcium lactate solution to completely solidify the coating components, thereby producing a chicken-like food product.
(試験例4)
実施例1と同様であるが、被膜を10%の塩化カルシウムを含む水溶液に、保湿ゲルと複合化され、組織化された植物性蛋白を浸漬させた後、1重量%の濃度のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液(IL-6M)に室温で10秒程度浸漬させ、アルギン酸ナトリウムを凝固させて被膜を形成し、植物性蛋白素材を作製した。
(Test Example 4)
Similar to Example 1, the vegetable protein that had been complexed and organized with the moisturizing gel was immersed in an aqueous solution containing 10% calcium chloride, and then immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium alginate (IL-6M) with a concentration of 1% by weight at room temperature for about 10 seconds, causing the sodium alginate to solidify and form a coating, thereby producing a vegetable protein material.
[鶏肉様食品の作製]
上記植物性蛋白素材を円柱状の凹型の成形型に入れて重ね合わせた後に、凸型の成形型を用いて円柱状の成形型の上下方向(円柱状の成形型の円形断面の法線方向)に加圧して成形し、成形品を静置してカルシウムイオンを分散させて被膜成分を完全に凝固させ、鶏肉様食品を作製した。
[Preparation of chicken-like food]
The above-mentioned vegetable protein material was placed in a cylindrical concave mold and stacked, and then molded using a convex mold by applying pressure in the vertical direction of the cylindrical mold (normal direction of the circular cross section of the cylindrical mold).The molded product was then left to stand to disperse calcium ions and completely solidify the coating components, thereby producing a chicken-like food product.
<評価結果>
(硬さの測定)
作製した植物性蛋白素材の硬さについてレオメーターにて評価した。なお測定に際してはプランジャーの押し込み面(直径3mm)よりも十分大きな素材を試料とした。
直径3mmのプランジャーを備えるレオメーター(SUN RHEO METER CR-100)を用い、試料厚さの95%押し込んだ時に、プランジャーが受ける圧力を測定し、その値を硬さ(kN/m2)とした。なお、測定温度は25℃とした。その結果を表1に示す。
<Evaluation Results>
(Hardness measurement)
The hardness of the prepared vegetable protein material was evaluated using a rheometer. In the measurement, a material sample sufficiently larger than the plunger pressing surface (diameter 3 mm) was used.
Using a rheometer (SUN RHEO METER CR-100) equipped with a plunger with a diameter of 3 mm, the pressure received by the plunger when the sample was pressed down to 95% of its thickness was measured, and this value was taken as the hardness (kN/m 2 ). The measurement temperature was 25° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
(魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度の測定)
レオメーターに魚・鶏肉様食品を固定し、60mm/minの引張速度で魚・鶏肉様食品を成形した際に加圧した方向に対して平行に当該魚・鶏肉様食品を引っ張った際に、魚・鶏肉様食品が破壊した時の強度を破壊強度として測定した。なお、測定温度は25℃とした。その結果を表1に示す。
(Measurement of breaking strength of fish and chicken-like foods)
The fish/chicken-like food was fixed to a rheometer, and the fish/chicken-like food was pulled parallel to the direction of pressure applied when the fish/chicken-like food was molded at a tensile speed of 60 mm/min. The strength at which the fish/chicken-like food broke was measured as the breaking strength. The measurement temperature was 25° C. The results are shown in Table 1.
なお、上記測定は、加圧した方向が一方向のいわゆる一軸プレスの場合であるが、多軸プレスや等方プレスによって鶏・魚肉食品を成形した場合は、魚・鶏肉様食品に対して任意の直線上(作用線上)で引っ張りの力をかけて破壊強度を測定する。 The above measurements are for so-called uniaxial presses, where pressure is applied in one direction. However, if the chicken or fish food product is formed using a multiaxial press or isotropic press, the breaking strength is measured by applying a tensile force to the fish or chicken-like food product along any straight line (line of action).
(官能評価)
作製した植物性蛋白素材を加熱後、食感および舌ざわりを、5名の評価者が下記の5段階で評価し、その平均を評価結果とした。結果を表2に示す。
(Sensory evaluation)
After heating the prepared vegetable protein material, five evaluators evaluated the texture and mouthfeel on the following five-point scale, and the average was used as the evaluation result. The results are shown in Table 2.
(食感)
5:本物の魚肉・鶏肉の噛み応えがある、4:本物の魚肉・鶏肉に近い噛み応えがある、3:やや柔らかい/やや硬い、2:柔かい/硬い、1:崩れやすい/硬すぎる
(舌ざわり)
5:本物の魚肉・鶏肉と同等、4:本物の魚肉・鶏肉に近い、3:ややパサパサ/やや脂っこい、2:パサパサ/脂っこい、1:粉っぽい食感/ギトギト感
(Texture)
5: Has the chewiness of real fish/chicken, 4: Has a chewiness similar to real fish/chicken, 3: Slightly soft/slightly hard, 2: Soft/hard, 1: Crumbles easily/too hard (texture)
5: Same as real fish/chicken, 4: Close to real fish/chicken, 3: Slightly dry/slightly greasy, 2: Dry/greasy, 1: Powdery texture/greasy
上記の表1及び表2に示す結果より明らかなように、実施例1~2の魚・鶏肉様食品は、レオメーターにより測定した硬さが100~3000kN/m2の範囲内であり、破壊強度が5kN/m2以上であり、食感、舌ざわりとも、本物の魚肉・鶏肉に近く、満足のいく結果が得られた。
一方、保湿ゲル及び被膜を形成しなかった比較例1では、食感、舌ざわりとも本物の鶏肉とは比較にならなかった。
硬さが50kN/m2で、破壊強度が2kN/m2の試験例1では、食感が鶏肉に比べて柔らかすぎた。
硬さが5000kN/m2で、破壊強度が7kN/m2の試験例2では、鶏肉に比べて食感が硬すぎた。
硬さが820kN/m2、破壊強度が7kN/m2、油分が10%を超えた試験例3では、食感は良好であったが、鶏肉に比べてやや脂っこかった。
硬さが230kN/m2で、破壊強度が3kN/m2の試験例4では、舌ざわりはよかったが、食感が柔らかすぎ、本物の鶏肉とは異なっていた。
As is clear from the results shown in Tables 1 and 2 above, the fish/chicken-like foods of Examples 1 and 2 had hardness measured by a rheometer within the range of 100 to 3,000 kN/ m2 , a breaking strength of 5 kN/ m2 or more, and the texture and mouthfeel were close to those of real fish or chicken, and satisfactory results were obtained.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which neither a moisturizing gel nor a coating was formed, the texture and mouthfeel were incomparable to that of real chicken meat.
In Test Example 1, in which the hardness was 50 kN/ m2 and the breaking strength was 2 kN/ m2 , the texture was too soft compared to chicken meat.
In Test Example 2, in which the hardness was 5000 kN/ m2 and the breaking strength was 7 kN/ m2 , the texture was too hard compared to chicken meat.
In Test Example 3, in which the hardness was 820 kN/m 2 , the breaking strength was 7 kN/m 2 , and the oil content exceeded 10%, the texture was good, but it was slightly greasy compared to chicken meat.
In Test Example 4, which had a hardness of 230 kN/ m2 and a breaking strength of 3 kN/ m2 , the texture was good, but was too soft and different from real chicken meat.
Claims (6)
前記被膜は凝固したアルギン酸ナトリウムおよび/または凝固したペクチンを含み、
前記保湿ゲルは、カラギーナンおよび/またはキサンタンガムを含み、
レオメーターにより測定した硬さが240~350kN/m2、前記植物性蛋白素材中の油分が10重量%未満、25℃において、60mm/minの引張速度で魚・鶏肉様食品を成形した際に加圧した方向に対して平行に当該魚・鶏肉様食品を引っ張った際に、前記魚・鶏肉様食品の破壊強度が5kN/m2以上であることを特徴とする魚・鶏肉様食品。 A fish/chicken-like food product comprising a vegetable protein material having structured vegetable protein, a moisturizing gel, and a coating that covers these,
the coating comprises coagulated sodium alginate and/or coagulated pectin;
The moisturizing gel comprises carrageenan and/or xanthan gum,
The fish/chicken-like food is characterized in that the hardness measured by a rheometer is 240 to 350 kN/ m2 , the oil content in the vegetable protein material is less than 10% by weight, and the breaking strength of the fish/chicken-like food is 5 kN/ m2 or more when the fish/chicken-like food is pulled parallel to the direction of pressure applied when the fish/chicken-like food is molded at 25°C and at a tensile speed of 60 mm/min.
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