JP7614880B2 - Flocculant injection control method and flocculant injection control device - Google Patents
Flocculant injection control method and flocculant injection control device Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の実施形態は、凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置に関する。 Embodiments of the present invention relate to a coagulant injection control method and a coagulant injection control device.
水中の固形分を除去する固液分離工程は、上水、下水、産業排水などの水処理において重要な役割を果たす処理工程である。凝集剤を添加し、水中の微細な固形分を凝集させ、そのまま或は沈殿処理工程を経てからろ過処理することで固液分離を行う工程は、固液分離工程の中でも最も一般的に用いられている方法である。例えば、浄水場では、原水に凝集剤を添加することで原水に含まれる微細な懸濁成分を互いに凝集させ、フロックと呼ばれる懸濁成分の集合体とする。大きさ数ミリメートルから数センチメートル程度まで成長したフロックは沈降速度が大きくなり、沈殿処理により分離除去できる。上澄みの清澄な水は、砂をろ材に用いた砂ろ過の層に通すことで僅かに残留していた微細な懸濁成分やフロックが除去され、水道水質基準を満たす非常に低濁度の水が得られる。 The solid-liquid separation process, which removes solids from water, is a treatment process that plays an important role in the treatment of drinking water, sewage, industrial wastewater, etc. The process of adding a coagulant to coagulate fine solids in the water and then filtering the water directly or after a precipitation process to separate the solids from the liquid, is the most commonly used method among solid-liquid separation processes. For example, at water purification plants, coagulants are added to the raw water to cause the fine suspended components contained in the raw water to coagulate with each other, forming aggregates of suspended components called flocs. Flocs that grow to sizes of several millimeters to several centimeters have a high settling rate and can be separated and removed by precipitation. The clear supernatant water is passed through a layer of sand filters that use sand as a filter medium to remove any remaining fine suspended components and flocs, resulting in water with extremely low turbidity that meets the tap water quality standards.
一般的に、凝集剤を添加し、フロックを形成して沈殿分離する工程を凝集沈殿工程、砂などのろ材を用いたろ層にて懸濁成分をろ過分離する工程をろ過工程と呼ぶ。凝集沈殿工程では、沈降性の良いフロックを形成し、凝集沈殿処理水の濁度を低く保つよう適切な凝集剤注入率を維持する必要がある。凝集剤注入率に過不足が生じると、凝集沈殿処理にてフロックを沈殿処理しきれずに後段のろ過工程に供給してしまい、ろ過池の損失水頭の上昇を早め、その結果として逆洗頻度を増加させてしまう。また、微細な懸濁成分がろ過池で除去しきれずにろ過不十分の水を送水してしまう。従って、凝集沈殿工程において凝集剤の注入量をうまく調整し、凝集処理工程で最適な処理がなされるよう管理し、後段のろ過工程に水を送るのが一般的な方法である。そのため、凝集剤の注入制御には様々な方法が提案されている。 In general, the process of adding a coagulant to form flocs and separate them is called the coagulation-sedimentation process, and the process of filtering and separating suspended components using a filter layer made of sand or other filter media is called the filtration process. In the coagulation-sedimentation process, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate coagulant injection rate to form flocs with good settling properties and keep the turbidity of the coagulation-sedimentation treated water low. If the coagulant injection rate is too high or too low, the flocs cannot be completely precipitated in the coagulation-sedimentation process and are supplied to the subsequent filtration process, accelerating the rise in head loss in the filtration basin and resulting in an increase in the frequency of backwashing. In addition, fine suspended components cannot be completely removed in the filtration basin, and insufficiently filtered water is sent. Therefore, the general method is to properly adjust the amount of coagulant injected in the coagulation-sedimentation process, manage the coagulation process so that optimal processing is performed, and then send the water to the subsequent filtration process. For this reason, various methods have been proposed for controlling the injection of coagulants.
例えば特許文献１では、混和池２０の水を採取し電圧を印加して複数のフロックの移動速度を測定し、その結果からフロックの凝集状態の良否を評価して、凝集剤の注入制御を行う方法が提案されている。これにより、原水の水質特性に基づいて適切な凝集条件に設定した運転を実現できる。 For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of collecting water from the mixing basin 20, applying a voltage to measure the movement speed of multiple flocs, and using the results to evaluate the quality of the flocculation state and control the injection of flocculant. This makes it possible to achieve operation with appropriate flocculation conditions set based on the water quality characteristics of the raw water.
また、例えば特許文献２では、ろ過工程について、重力式ろ過装置にて、原水量が変化した場合にろ過装置１台あたりのろ過速度の変化を一定範囲内になるように調整する方法が提案されている。処理水を原水に返送することで処理量を一定とでき、安定したろ過運転を持続できる。 For example, Patent Document 2 proposes a method for adjusting the filtration process in a gravity filtration device so that the change in the filtration speed per filtration device falls within a certain range when the amount of raw water changes. By returning the treated water to the raw water, the amount of treatment can be kept constant, and stable filtration operation can be maintained.
上記のように、凝集沈殿工程とろ過工程との各々に対し運転を最適化するような方法が多く提案されているが、両者を一体として適切な運転を行う方法は提案されていない。実際の運転では、凝集沈殿工程を最適となるような運転管理をしていることから、ろ過工程には処理能力に余裕があり、ろ層で除去される懸濁物質がほとんどなくろ層の損失水頭がほとんど上昇しない場合もある。このような場合、ろ層での微生物増加を抑えるために、損失水頭が十分に低くても一定時間経過する毎に逆洗を行う必要がある。例えば、凝集沈殿工程とろ過工程との両者を一体として捉え、ろ過工程にもある程度処理の負荷を分担するような運転管理を行うことができれば、凝集沈殿工程の負担を軽減し、凝集剤の使用量をより低く抑えるような運転が可能となる。 As mentioned above, many methods have been proposed to optimize the operation of the coagulation and sedimentation process and the filtration process, but no method has been proposed to operate them together appropriately. In actual operation, the coagulation and sedimentation process is managed to optimize it, so there is a margin of processing capacity in the filtration process, and there are cases where very little suspended matter is removed in the filter layer and the head loss in the filter layer barely increases. In such cases, in order to suppress the increase in microorganisms in the filter layer, backwashing must be performed every certain amount of time, even if the head loss is sufficiently low. For example, if the coagulation and sedimentation process and the filtration process could be managed as a single process, and the filtration process could be given some of the processing load, the burden on the coagulation and sedimentation process could be reduced and the amount of coagulant used could be reduced.
本発明の実施形態は上記の事情を鑑みて成されたものであって、適切な凝集剤の注入制御を行う凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置を提供することを目的とする。 The embodiment of the present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a coagulant injection control method and a coagulant injection control device that appropriately controls the injection of a coagulant.
実施形態による凝集剤注入制御装置は、処理対象水に凝集剤を注入する凝集剤注入設備と、前記凝集剤の注入位置よりも後段に配置され前記処理対象水のろ過処理を行うろ過処理設備と、を有した固液分離を行う水処理設備に適用可能な装置であって、前記ろ過処理設備を通過したろ過処理水の濁度と損失水頭の上昇速度とを演算するろ過処理予測部と、前記ろ過処理水の濁度の目標値および前記損失水頭の上昇速度の目標値を設定し、前記ろ過処理予測部で算出される値が前記目標値を達成するための、前記ろ過処理設備の流入水の濁度の最大値を算出する目標値算出部と、前記流入水の濁度が、前記最大値を超えないように、前記処理対象水に注入される前記凝集剤の注入率を制御する凝集剤注入制御部と、を備え、前記ろ過処理予測部は、ろ過が進行するにつれて変化する時間の関数であるろ過係数を用いて前記処理対象水中の懸濁物質の除去量を演算し、所定時間先までの前記ろ過処理水の濁度を算出する濁質除去量演算部と、層流状態の粒状層の流れの圧力損失の式を用いて圧力損失の時間変化を算出し、所定時間先までの前記損失水頭の上昇速度を算出する損失水頭演算部と、を備える。
A flocculant injection control device according to an embodiment is a device applicable to a water treatment facility that performs solid-liquid separation and has a flocculant injection facility that injects a flocculant into water to be treated, and a filtration treatment facility that is arranged downstream of the injection position of the flocculant and performs a filtration treatment of the water to be treated, and includes a filtration treatment prediction unit that calculates the turbidity of the filtered water that has passed through the filtration treatment facility and the rate of rise of head loss, and sets a target value for the turbidity of the filtered water and a target value for the rate of rise of the head loss, and calculates a maximum value of the turbidity of the inflow water of the filtration treatment facility so that the value calculated by the filtration treatment prediction unit achieves the target values. the filtration treatment prediction unit comprises a turbidity removal amount calculation unit which calculates the amount of suspended matter removed from the water to be treated using a filtration coefficient which is a function of time that changes as filtration progresses, and calculates the turbidity of the filtered water up to a predetermined time ahead, and a head loss calculation unit which calculates the change in pressure loss over time using an equation for pressure loss in the flow of a granular layer in a laminar flow state, and calculates the rate of rise of the head loss up to a predetermined time ahead .
以下、実施形態の凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図１は、一実施形態の凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置の一構成例を概略的に示す図である。
Hereinafter, a coagulant injection control method and a coagulant injection control device according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a flocculant injection control method and a flocculant injection control device according to an embodiment.
なお、本実施形態の凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置が適用される水処理システムは、上水、下水のいずれの水処理システムであり得る。以下の説明では、浄水場における上水の浄化処理システムに適用した例を一例として説明する。
一般的に浄水場における水処理システムは、着水井１０と、混和池２０と、フロック形成池３０と、沈殿池４０とを備えている。
The water treatment system to which the coagulant injection control method and the coagulant injection control device of the present embodiment are applied may be either a water treatment system for drinking water or a water treatment system for sewage. In the following description, an example in which the method and the device are applied to a purification treatment system for drinking water in a water purification plant will be described as an example.
Generally, a water treatment system in a water purification plant includes a receiving well 10, a mixing basin 20, a flocculation basin 30, and a settling basin 40.
処理すべき原水は着水井１０に取り込まれ、着水井１０から混和池２０に処理対象水が送られる。着水井１０から混和池２０へ処理対象水が送られる経路には、流量計Ｓ１と水質計Ｓ２とが取り付けられる。流量計Ｓ１は、混和池２０へ流入する処理対象水の流量を計測する。水質計Ｓ２は、混和池２０へ流入する処理対象水の濁度、懸濁物質の粒子数、ｐＨ、水温等の水質を計測する。なお、水質計Ｓ２は、処理対象水の濁度、懸濁物質の粒子数、ｐＨ、水温等の水質を計測する個々の計測器を備え得る。流量計Ｓ１と水質計Ｓ２との計測結果は、凝集剤注入制御装置６０へ供給される。 The raw water to be treated is taken into the receiving well 10, and the water to be treated is sent from the receiving well 10 to the mixing basin 20. A flow meter S1 and a water quality meter S2 are attached to the path along which the water to be treated is sent from the receiving well 10 to the mixing basin 20. The flow meter S1 measures the flow rate of the water to be treated flowing into the mixing basin 20. The water quality meter S2 measures the water quality, such as the turbidity, number of suspended particles, pH, and water temperature, of the water to be treated flowing into the mixing basin 20. The water quality meter S2 may be equipped with individual measuring instruments that measure the water quality, such as the turbidity, number of suspended particles, pH, and water temperature, of the water to be treated. The measurement results of the flow meter S1 and the water quality meter S2 are supplied to the coagulant injection control device 60.
混和池２０には着水井１０から処理対象水が送られるとともに、凝集剤注入設備５０から凝集剤が注入される。ここで、凝集剤は、例えば、ポリ塩化アルミニウム（ＰＡＣ）や硫酸アルミニウム（硫酸ばんど）といったアルミ系の無機凝集剤を用いることができる。このうち、浄水場においてはＰＡＣが主に用いられる。凝集剤注入設備５０は、凝集剤注入制御装置６０から入力される注入量を指定する情報に従って、混和池２０に注入する凝集剤の注入量を調整する。 Water to be treated is sent to the mixing basin 20 from the receiving well 10, and a flocculant is injected from the flocculant injection equipment 50. The flocculant may be an aluminum-based inorganic flocculant such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC) or aluminum sulfate. Of these, PAC is mainly used in water purification plants. The flocculant injection equipment 50 adjusts the amount of flocculant injected into the mixing basin 20 according to information specifying the injection amount input from the flocculant injection control device 60.
混和池２０は撹拌機２２を含み、撹拌機２２の回転によって処理対象水が攪拌され凝集剤との混和が促進される。混和池２０から排出される処理対象水は、フロック形成池３０へと送られる。
混和池２０には、フロック形成池３０へ送られる処理対象水（混和地出口水）のゼータ電位または流動電位(電流)を計測する水質計Ｓ３が取り付けられていてもよい。水質計Ｓ３の計測結果は、凝集剤注入制御装置６０に供給される。
The mixing basin 20 includes an agitator 22, and the water to be treated is agitated by the rotation of the agitator 22, promoting mixing with the coagulant. The water to be treated discharged from the mixing basin 20 is sent to a flocculation basin 30.
The mixing basin 20 may be equipped with a water quality meter S3 for measuring the zeta potential or streaming potential (current) of the water to be treated (mixing basin outlet water) sent to the flocculation basin 30. The measurement results of the water quality meter S3 are supplied to the coagulant injection control device 60.
フロック形成池３０では、混和池２０において形成されたフロックが凝集し、より大きなフロックが形成される。フロック形成池３０は、例えば処理対象水を緩速撹拌する緩速撹拌装置を有する。緩速撹拌装置は、下流に向けて段階的に撹拌の強度が小さくなるように設定されている。これにより、処理対象水中のフロック同士の衝突が繰り返されることとなり、フロックが巨大化して沈降しやすくなる。フロック形成池３０でフロックが大きくなった後、処理対象水が沈殿池４０へと送られる。 In the flocculation basin 30, the flocs formed in the mixing basin 20 coagulate to form larger flocs. The flocculation basin 30 has, for example, a slow mixing device that slowly mixes the water to be treated. The slow mixing device is set so that the mixing strength gradually decreases toward the downstream. This causes repeated collisions between the flocs in the water to be treated, causing the flocs to become larger and more likely to settle. After the flocs have grown in size in the flocculation basin 30, the water to be treated is sent to the sedimentation basin 40.
沈殿池４０では、フロック形成池３０から供給される水を所定時間（例えば３時間程度）以上滞留させて、水に含まれるフロックを沈殿させる。沈殿池４０で処理対象水を所定時間以上滞留させ、処理対象水中のフロックが沈殿除去された後、次工程であるろ過処理設備へ処理対象水が移送される。沈殿池４０で大きく成長して沈殿したフロックは、汚泥として排泥池へ排出される。沈殿池４０には例えば傾斜板が配置されてもよい。傾斜板によりフロックの成長が促進され、フロックの沈降性を高める場合もある。
なお、排泥池には、排泥池水位を計測する計測装置Ｓ１０が取り付けられていてもよい。計測装置Ｓ１０の計測結果は、凝集剤注入制御装置６０に供給される。
In the settling basin 40, the water supplied from the flocculation basin 30 is retained for a predetermined time (e.g., about 3 hours) or more, allowing the flocs contained in the water to settle. After the water to be treated is retained in the settling basin 40 for a predetermined time or more and the flocs in the water to be treated are settled and removed, the water to be treated is transferred to the filtration treatment facility, which is the next process. The flocs that grow large and settle in the settling basin 40 are discharged as sludge to a waste sludge basin. For example, an inclined plate may be placed in the settling basin 40. The inclined plate may promote the growth of flocs and increase the settling ability of the flocs.
The sludge basin may be provided with a measuring device S10 for measuring the water level of the sludge basin. The measurement results of the measuring device S10 are supplied to the coagulant injection control device 60.
沈殿池４０には、フロックが沈澱除去される位置の後段に水質計Ｓ４が取り付けられる。水質計Ｓ４は、沈殿池４０から排出される水（処理対象水）のｐＨや濁度や色度、有機物濃度、懸濁質の粒子数等の水質情報を計測し、計測結果（処理対象水の水質情報）を凝集剤注入制御装置６０に出力する。なお、沈殿池４０の処理対象水の水質情報は、沈殿池４０からろ過処理設備へ送られる水が貯水される位置に設けられた水質計Ｓ５により計測されてもよい。また、水質計Ｓ４と水質計Ｓ５とは少なくとも一方が取り付けられていればよく、水質計Ｓ４、Ｓ５のいずれか一方が凝集剤の注入位置よりも後段に取り付けられていればよい。 A water quality meter S4 is attached to the sedimentation tank 40 downstream of the position where flocs are precipitated and removed. The water quality meter S4 measures water quality information such as pH, turbidity, color, organic matter concentration, and suspended solid particle count of the water discharged from the sedimentation tank 40 (water to be treated), and outputs the measurement results (water quality information of the water to be treated) to the coagulant injection control device 60. The water quality information of the water to be treated in the sedimentation tank 40 may be measured by a water quality meter S5 installed at a position where the water sent from the sedimentation tank 40 to the filtration treatment equipment is stored. At least one of the water quality meter S4 and the water quality meter S5 needs to be attached, and it is sufficient that either the water quality meter S4 or the water quality meter S5 is attached downstream of the coagulant injection position.
ろ過処理設備のろ過池７０では、ろ過層において例えば砂ろ過により、沈殿池４０で沈殿除去されなかったフロックや懸濁物質が除去される。ろ過池７０によりフロックや懸濁物質が除去された清浄水は、図示しない浄水配水池において塩素による殺菌等が行われた後、配水管へと分配される。なお、ろ過池７０で除去されたフロックや懸濁物質を洗浄する際に生じる排水は排水池へ排出され、上澄みの比較的清澄な水は排水池から着水井１０へ供給される。
なお、排水池には、排水池水位を計測する計測装置Ｓ１１が取り付けられてもよい。計測装置Ｓ１１の計測結果は、凝集剤注入制御装置６０に供給される。
In the filtration basin 70 of the filtration treatment equipment, flocs and suspended solids that were not precipitated and removed in the sedimentation basin 40 are removed in the filtration layer, for example by sand filtration. The purified water from which the flocs and suspended solids have been removed by the filtration basin 70 is subjected to sterilization using chlorine in a purified water distribution reservoir (not shown) and then distributed to distribution pipes. The wastewater generated when washing the flocs and suspended solids removed in the filtration basin 70 is discharged into a drainage reservoir, and the supernatant water, which is relatively clear, is supplied from the drainage reservoir to the receiving well 10.
The drainage pond may be provided with a measuring device S11 for measuring the drainage pond water level. The measurement results of the measuring device S11 are supplied to the coagulant injection control device 60.
ろ過処理設備には、ろ過処理設備の損失水頭を計測する損失水頭計測装置Ｓ７と、ろ過処理水濁度を計測する計測装置Ｓ８とが取り付けられている。また、ろ過処理設備の流量を計測する流量計Ｓ６と流量計Ｓ９との少なくとも一方が取り付けられている。流量計Ｓ６は、ろ過池７０に流入する処理対象水の流量を計測する。流量計Ｓ９は、ろ過池７０から排出される処理対象水の流量を計測する。損失水頭計測装置Ｓ７、計測装置Ｓ８、流量計Ｓ６および流量計Ｓ９の計測結果は、凝集剤注入制御装置６０へ供給される。
ろ過処理設備で処理された後の処理対象水には塩素が加えられ、配水池（図示せず）を介して配水管へと水が分配される。なお、処理対象水は、砂ろ過に通される前に、適宜、オゾン処理や生物活性炭処理が施されたりする場合もある。
The filtration treatment equipment is equipped with a head loss measuring device S7 that measures the head loss of the filtration treatment equipment, and a measuring device S8 that measures the turbidity of the filtered water. In addition, at least one of a flowmeter S6 and a flowmeter S9 that measure the flow rate of the filtration treatment equipment is also attached. The flowmeter S6 measures the flow rate of the water to be treated flowing into the filtration basin 70. The flowmeter S9 measures the flow rate of the water to be treated discharged from the filtration basin 70. The measurement results of the head loss measuring device S7, the measuring device S8, the flowmeter S6, and the flowmeter S9 are supplied to the coagulant injection control device 60.
After being treated in the filtration facility, chlorine is added to the water to be treated and the water is distributed to the distribution pipes via a distribution reservoir (not shown). Note that the water to be treated may be appropriately treated with ozone or biological activated carbon before being passed through the sand filter.
凝集剤注入制御装置６０は、例えば、少なくとも１つのプロセッサと、プロセッサにより実行されるプログラムが記録されたメモリと、を含む演算装置である。凝集剤注入制御装置６０は、ソフトウエアにより、若しくは、ソフトウエアとハードウエアとの組み合わせにより、種々の機能を実現することが出来る。 The coagulant injection control device 60 is, for example, a computing device including at least one processor and a memory in which a program executed by the processor is recorded. The coagulant injection control device 60 can realize various functions by software or a combination of software and hardware.
凝集剤注入制御装置６０は、ろ過処理予測部６２と、目標値算出部６４と、凝集剤注入制御部６６と、を備えている。
ろ過処理予測部６２は、ろ過池７０への流入水質の情報として、例えば、沈殿処理水の濁度、懸濁物質の粒子数、ｐＨ、水温、運転の情報として、流量、ろ層の砂の粒子径、形状情報、砂層の層厚、凝集剤の注入率を用い、ろ過処理水濁度、ろ過池の損失水頭の上昇速度を算出する。ろ過処理予測部６２は、濁質除去量演算部６２１と、損失水頭演算部６２２とを備えている。
The flocculant injection control device 60 includes a filtration process prediction unit 62 , a target value calculation unit 64 , and a flocculant injection control unit 66 .
The filtration treatment prediction unit 62 calculates the turbidity of the filtrate treatment water and the rate of rise in head loss of the filtration basin using, for example, the turbidity of the sedimentation treatment water, the number of suspended solid particles, pH, and water temperature as information on the quality of the water flowing into the filtration basin 70, and, as operation information, the flow rate, the particle size and shape information of the sand in the filter layer, the thickness of the sand layer, and the injection rate of the coagulant. The filtration treatment prediction unit 62 includes a suspended solids removal amount calculation unit 621 and a head loss calculation unit 622.
目標値算出部６４は、ろ過池の運転管理上の管理目標値としてろ過処理水濁度、ろ過池の損失水頭の上昇速度を設定する。そして、上記管理目標値を満足するろ過池への流入水質として、沈殿処理水の濁度の目標値（最大値）と、懸濁物質の粒子数の目標値（最大値）を算出する。なお、懸濁物質の粒子数の目標値は、例えば、ある特定の粒径範囲の懸濁物質の粒子数である。 The target value calculation unit 64 sets the turbidity of the filtered water and the rate of rise of the head loss of the filtration basin as the management target values for the operation management of the filtration basin. Then, it calculates the target value (maximum value) of the turbidity of the sedimentation treated water and the target value (maximum value) of the number of particles of suspended matter as the inflow water quality to the filtration basin that satisfies the above management target values. The target value of the number of particles of suspended matter is, for example, the number of particles of suspended matter in a certain particle size range.
凝集剤注入制御部６６は、目標値算出部６４で算出した沈殿処理水の濁度の目標値（最大値）、または懸濁物質の粒子数の目標値（最大値）を超えないように凝集沈殿処理がなされるよう凝集剤注入率を制御する。 The flocculant injection control unit 66 controls the flocculant injection rate so that the flocculant sedimentation process is performed without exceeding the target value (maximum value) of the turbidity of the sedimentation treatment water or the target value (maximum value) of the number of suspended solid particles calculated by the target value calculation unit 64.
次に、本実施形態の凝集剤注入制御装置６０の動作の一例について説明する。
図２は、一実施形態の凝集剤注入制御方法の一例を説明するためのフローチャートである。
まず、ろ過処理予測部６２は、ろ過池への流入水質の情報、運転の情報から、ろ過処理水濁度、ろ過池の損失水頭の上昇速度を算出する（ステップＳ１）。
Next, an example of the operation of the coagulant injection control device 60 of this embodiment will be described.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a method for controlling coagulant injection according to an embodiment.
First, the filtration treatment prediction unit 62 calculates the turbidity of the filtered water and the rate of increase in head loss of the filtration basin from information on the quality of the water inflowing into the filtration basin and information on operation (step S1).
濁質除去量演算部６２１は、ろ過池７０のろ層を処理水が通過する際に濁質が一定の割合で除去されていくと考えるIwasakiの下記式を基本として、水中の懸濁物質の除去量を演算し、ろ過処理水濁度を算出する。
ろ過係数λは、流量、ろ層を構成する砂径や砂の形状などの情報、ろ層の空隙率ε、流入水中の懸濁物質の粒子径、流入水質に残存する凝集剤の量などに影響を受ける係数である。ろ過が進むにつれてろ層に流入水中の懸濁物質が捕捉されろ過処理される過程でろ層の空隙率εが変化する（εが時間の関数である）ため、λもろ過が進行するにつれて変化する時間の関数となる。 The filtration coefficient λ is a coefficient that is influenced by information such as the flow rate, the diameter and shape of the sand that makes up the filter layer, the porosity ε of the filter layer, the particle size of the suspended matter in the inflow water, and the amount of coagulant remaining in the inflow water quality. As filtration progresses, the porosity ε of the filter layer changes in the process of the suspended matter in the inflow water being captured and filtered by the filter layer (ε is a function of time), so λ is also a function of time that changes as filtration progresses.
濁質除去量演算部６２１は、ろ過池への流入水質の情報として、沈殿処理水の濁度、懸濁物質の粒子数、ｐＨ、水温、運転の情報として、流量、ろ層の砂の粒子径、形状情報、砂層の層厚、凝集剤の注入率を用いて、時間的に変化する係数としてλを算出する。演算する際、濁質除去量演算部６２１は、その時点（演算時点）のεを用いてλを算出し、ろ過処理水濁度を算出し、その時点の流入水質情報、及び運転情報が継続すると仮定して、εとλとの時間変化を考慮しつつ、数時間先までのろ過処理水濁度を演算結果として算出する。 The turbidity removal amount calculation unit 621 calculates λ as a time-varying coefficient using the turbidity of the sedimentation treatment water, the number of suspended solid particles, pH, and water temperature as information on the quality of the inflow water to the filtration basin, and the flow rate, particle size of the sand in the filter layer, shape information, thickness of the sand layer, and injection rate of the coagulant as information on operation. When performing the calculation, the turbidity removal amount calculation unit 621 calculates λ using ε at that time (time of calculation), calculates the turbidity of the filtered water, and assumes that the inflow water quality information and operation information at that time will continue, and calculates the turbidity of the filtered water for the next few hours as the calculation result, taking into account the changes in ε and λ over time.
損失水頭演算部６２２は、層流状態の粒状層の流れの圧力損失の式であるKozeny-Carmanの下記式を基本として、ろ層の損失水頭を演算する。
Ｌ ：ｃｍ 粒子充填層の高さの合計
Ｖ０ ：ｃｍ/ｓ 空塔速度（充填層がない状態を仮定したときの速度）（＝ろ過速度）
μ ：ｇ/ｃｍ/ｓ 流体の粘性係数
ε ：- 気孔率（＝ろ層の空隙率）
Φｓ ：- 充填層内の粒子の球形度
ＤＰ ：ｃｍ 粒子の球相当径
損失水頭演算部６２２は、時間に応じて変化するろ層の空隙率εを用いて上記数式を演算し、圧力損失Δｐの時間変化を算出し、数時間先までの損失水頭の上昇速度を演算結果として出力する。
上記のように、ろ過処理予測部６２は、現状のろ過池への流入水質の情報、運転の情報から、ろ過処理水濁度、ろ過池の損失水頭の上昇速度を算出することができる。
The head loss calculation unit 622 calculates the head loss of the filter bed based on the following Kozeny-Carman equation, which is an equation for pressure loss in a granular layer in a laminar flow state.
L: cm Total height of packed bed of particles V 0 : cm/s Superficial velocity (velocity assuming no packed bed) (= filtration velocity)
μ: g/cm/s Fluid viscosity coefficient ε: Porosity (= void ratio of the layer)
Φs : - sphericity of particles in the packed bed Dp : cm equivalent spherical diameter of the particle The head loss calculation unit 622 calculates the above formula using the time-varying void fraction ε of the filter bed, calculates the time change in pressure loss Δp, and outputs the rate of increase in head loss over the next few hours as the calculation result.
As described above, the filtration treatment prediction unit 62 can calculate the turbidity of the filtered water and the rate of increase in head loss of the filtration basin from information on the current quality of the water inflowing into the filtration basin and information on operation.
目標値算出部６４では、まず、ろ過池の運転管理上の管理目標値としてのろ過処理水濁度、ろ過池の損失水頭の上昇速度を設定する（ステップＳ２）。
また、目標値算出部６４は、沈殿処理水の濁度（ろ過池への流入水の濁度）を変更して、ろ過処理予測部６２に入力する。目標値算出部６４は、設定したろ過処理水濁度、ろ過池の損失水頭の上昇速度の管理目標値を満たす最大の沈殿処理水の濁度が得られるまで、ろ過処理予測部６２に変更した沈殿処理水の濁度を繰り返し入力する。沈殿処理水の濁度の最適化する手法としては、ＧＡ（遺伝的アルゴリズム）や線形計画法などを採用することができる。なお、最適化の演算速度は３０秒以内となるような演算設定が望ましい。
In the target value calculation unit 64, first, the turbidity of the filtered water and the rate of rise of the head loss of the filter are set as management target values for operational management of the filter (step S2).
Furthermore, the target value calculation unit 64 changes the turbidity of the sedimentation treated water (the turbidity of the water inflowing into the filtration basin) and inputs it to the filtration treatment prediction unit 62. The target value calculation unit 64 repeatedly inputs the changed turbidity of the sedimentation treated water to the filtration treatment prediction unit 62 until the maximum turbidity of the sedimentation treated water that satisfies the management target values for the set turbidity of the filtration treated water and the rate of rise of the head loss of the filtration basin is obtained. Methods for optimizing the turbidity of the sedimentation treated water include GA (genetic algorithm) and linear programming. It is preferable to set the calculation speed for optimization to within 30 seconds.
凝集剤注入制御部６６は、目標値算出部６４で算出した沈殿処理水の濁度の目標値上限を下回るように凝集剤注入率を制御する（ステップＳ３）。凝集剤注入制御の方法は、オペレータによる手動の凝集剤注入率設定であってもよく、フィードフォワード制御であってもよく、フィードバック制御であってもよい。オペレータによる手動操作の場合、例えば、原水濁度などに応じて凝集剤注入率を定める対応表に従って注入率を決定する方法などがある。目標値算出部６４で算出される沈殿処理水の濁度の目標値が高い場合と、低い場合となど、複数の場合に対しても同様の対応表を作成しておくことで注入率を決定することができる。 The flocculant injection control unit 66 controls the flocculant injection rate so that the turbidity of the sedimentation treatment water is below the upper target value calculated by the target value calculation unit 64 (step S3). The method of flocculant injection control may be manual setting of the flocculant injection rate by an operator, feedforward control, or feedback control. In the case of manual operation by an operator, for example, there is a method of determining the injection rate according to a correspondence table that defines the flocculant injection rate according to the raw water turbidity, etc. The injection rate can be determined by creating a similar correspondence table for multiple cases, such as when the target value of the turbidity of the sedimentation treatment water calculated by the target value calculation unit 64 is high and when it is low.
フィードフォワード制御においても、同様の考え方として、例えば、目標値算出部６４で算出される沈殿処理水の濁度の目標値が高い場合と低い場合となど、複数の場合に対して、各々フィードフォワード制御での凝集剤注入率算出式に係数を設けるなどで対応できる。 In feedforward control, a similar concept can be used, for example, to deal with multiple cases, such as when the target value of the turbidity of the sedimentation treatment water calculated by the target value calculation unit 64 is high and when it is low, by setting coefficients in the coagulant injection rate calculation formula for feedforward control.
フィードバック制御を行う場合、凝集剤注入制御部６６は、例えば混和地出口水のゼータ電位や流動電位など、凝集剤添加後の処理対象水に含まれる懸濁物質の荷電状態を測定しながら、凝集剤添加により原水中の懸濁物質の表面電荷の荷電中和状況を連続的に計測して凝集剤注入制御を行うことができる。この場合、制御目標値として設定するゼータ電位や流動電位などの数値を、目標値算出部６４で算出される沈殿処理水の濁度に応じて変更させることで対応できる。目標値算出部６４で算出される沈殿処理水の濁度が高い場合は、凝集沈殿工程での処理の負荷を少し下げた運転が可能なため、混和地での凝集剤による荷電中和は少し弱くてもよく、制御目標値として設定するゼータ電位や流動電位などの数値を少しマイナスよりの値を設定する。制御周期は１～１０分程度が望ましい。 When performing feedback control, the flocculant injection control unit 66 can continuously measure the charge neutralization state of the surface charge of the suspended matter in the raw water by adding the flocculant while measuring the charge state of the suspended matter contained in the water to be treated after the addition of the flocculant, such as the zeta potential and streaming potential of the water outlet from the mixing area, to control the injection of the flocculant. In this case, the numerical values of the zeta potential and streaming potential set as the control target value can be changed according to the turbidity of the precipitated water calculated by the target value calculation unit 64. When the turbidity of the precipitated water calculated by the target value calculation unit 64 is high, it is possible to operate with a slightly lower processing load in the flocculation and settling process, so the charge neutralization by the flocculant in the mixing area may be slightly weak, and the numerical values of the zeta potential and streaming potential set as the control target value are set to slightly negative values. The control period is preferably about 1 to 10 minutes.
以上説明したように、本実施形態の凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置によれば、ろ過工程での処理結果を予測でき、当該予測結果を元にろ過工程に適切な処理負荷を分担させるような凝集沈殿工程の処理水質の目標値を算出でき、算出した目標値をもとに凝集剤注入制御を運用することで、凝集沈殿工程が常に最適処理を発揮するような凝集剤注入率に比べてトータルで凝集剤注入率を低減しつつ、ろ過工程の処理水質である濁度は同程度を維持する運転を実現ことができる。 As described above, the flocculant injection control method and flocculant injection control device of this embodiment can predict the processing results in the filtration process, and calculate a target value for the treated water quality in the coagulation and sedimentation process that allocates an appropriate processing load to the filtration process based on the predicted results. By operating the flocculant injection control based on the calculated target value, it is possible to realize an operation in which the total flocculant injection rate is reduced compared to the flocculant injection rate at which the coagulation and sedimentation process always performs optimal processing, while maintaining the same level of turbidity, which is the treated water quality in the filtration process.
また、本実施形態の凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置によれば、トータルで凝集剤注入率を低減できることから、排水処理への負荷を軽減でき、汚泥発生量を削減することができる。 In addition, the coagulant injection control method and coagulant injection control device of this embodiment can reduce the total coagulant injection rate, thereby reducing the load on wastewater treatment and reducing the amount of sludge generated.
すなわち、本実施形態によれば、適切な凝集剤の注入制御を行う凝集剤注入制御方法および凝集剤注入制御装置を提供することができる。 In other words, according to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a coagulant injection control method and a coagulant injection control device that perform appropriate coagulant injection control.
本発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。
［付記１］
処理対象水に凝集剤を注入する凝集剤注入設備と、前記凝集剤の注入位置よりも後段に配置されろ過処理を行うろ過処理設備と、を有した固液分離を行う水処理設備に適用可能な装置であって、
前記ろ過処理設備における処理水濁度と損失水頭の上昇速度とを演算するろ過処理予測部と、
前記ろ過処理設備の処理水濁度の目標値および前記損失水頭の上昇速度の目標値を設定し、前記ろ過処理予測部で算出される値が前記目標値を達成するための、前記ろ過処理設備の流入水濁度の最大値を算出する目標値算出部と、
前記ろ過処理設備における処理水濁度が、前記ろ過処理設備の流入水濁度の最大値を超えないように、前記処理対象水に注入される前記凝集剤の注入率を制御する凝集剤注入制御部と、
を備えた凝集剤注入制御装置。
［付記２］
前記ろ過処理設備がろ材を充填したろ過層を含む、付記１に記載の凝集剤注入制御装置。
［付記３］
前記水処理設備は、前記凝集剤の注入位置の後段であって前記ろ過処理設備の前段に、前記処理対象水中に形成されたフロックの沈殿処理を行う凝集沈殿処理設備を有する、付記１記載の凝集剤注入制御装置。
［付記４］
前記水処理設備は、前記凝集剤の注入位置の後段であって前記ろ過処理設備の前段に、前記処理対象水中に形成されたフロックの沈殿処理を行う凝集沈殿処理設備を有する、付記２記載の凝集剤注入制御装置。
［付記５］
前記ろ過処理予測部は、前記ろ過処理設備への流入水の濁度、前記流入水の懸濁物質の粒子数、前記流入水のｐＨ、前記流入水の水温、前記流入水の流量、前記ろ過層に含まれるろ材の粒子径、前記ろ材の形状情報、前記ろ過層の層厚、前記凝集剤の注入率のうち少なくとも１つを用いて、前記ろ過処理設備における処理水濁度と前記損失水頭の上昇速度とを演算する、付記２または付記４に記載の凝集剤注入制御装置。
［付記６］
前記ろ過処理予測部は、前記ろ過処理設備への流入水の濁度、前記流入水の懸濁物質の粒子数、前記流入水のｐＨ、前記流入水の水温、前記流入水の流量、前記凝集剤の注入率のうち少なくとも１つを用いて、前記ろ過処理設備における処理水濁度と前記損失水頭の上昇速度とを演算する、付記３に記載の凝集剤注入制御装置。
［付記７］
前記凝集剤注入制御部は、前記凝集剤注入後の処理水に含まれる懸濁物質の荷電状態を指標として、前記凝集剤の注入量率を制御する、付記１乃至付記６のいずれか記載の凝集剤注入制御装置。
［付記８］
処理対象水に凝集剤を注入する凝集剤注入設備と、前記凝集剤の注入位置よりも後段に配置されろ過処理を行うろ過処理設備と、を有した固液分離を行う水処理設備に適用可能な制御方法であって、
前記ろ過処理設備における処理水濁度と損失水頭の上昇速度とを演算し、
前記ろ過処理設備の処理水濁度の目標値および前記損失水頭の上昇速度の目標値を設定し、演算した前記ろ過処理設備における処理水濁度と前記損失水頭の上昇速度値が前記目標値を達成するための、前記ろ過処理設備の流入水濁度の最大値を算出し、
前記ろ過処理設備における処理水濁度が、前記ろ過処理設備の流入水濁度の最大値を超えないように、前記処理対象水に注入される前記凝集剤の注入率を制御する、凝集剤注入制御方法。
Although some embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, and are included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents described in the claims.
[Appendix 1]
A device applicable to a water treatment facility that performs solid-liquid separation, the device including a flocculant injection facility that injects a flocculant into water to be treated, and a filtration treatment facility that is disposed downstream of the injection position of the flocculant and performs a filtration treatment,
a filtration treatment prediction unit that calculates the turbidity of treated water and the rate of increase of head loss in the filtration treatment facility;
a target value calculation unit that sets a target value of the turbidity of the treated water at the filtration treatment facility and a target value of the rate of rise of the head loss, and calculates a maximum value of the turbidity of the inflow water to the filtration treatment facility so that the value calculated by the filtration treatment prediction unit reaches the target values;
A flocculant injection control unit that controls the injection rate of the flocculant injected into the water to be treated so that the turbidity of the treated water in the filtration treatment facility does not exceed the maximum value of the turbidity of the inflow water of the filtration treatment facility;
A coagulant injection control device comprising:
[Appendix 2]
The coagulant injection control device according to claim 1, wherein the filtration treatment equipment includes a filtration layer filled with a filter medium.
[Appendix 3]
The water treatment equipment has a coagulation sedimentation treatment equipment that performs a precipitation treatment of flocs formed in the water to be treated, located downstream of the injection position of the coagulant and upstream of the filtration treatment equipment.
[Appendix 4]
3. The coagulant injection control device according to claim 2, wherein the water treatment equipment has a coagulation sedimentation treatment equipment that performs a precipitation treatment of flocs formed in the water to be treated, located downstream of the coagulant injection position and upstream of the filtration treatment equipment.
[Appendix 5]
The filtration treatment prediction unit calculates the turbidity of the treated water and the rate of rise of the head loss in the filtration treatment equipment using at least one of the turbidity of the inflow water to the filtration treatment equipment, the number of particles of suspended matter in the inflow water, the pH of the inflow water, the water temperature of the inflow water, the flow rate of the inflow water, the particle diameter of the filter medium contained in the filtration layer, shape information of the filter medium, the layer thickness of the filtration layer, and the injection rate of the coagulant.
[Appendix 6]
The filtration treatment prediction unit calculates the turbidity of the treated water and the rate of rise of the head loss in the filtration treatment equipment using at least one of the turbidity of the inflow water to the filtration treatment equipment, the number of particles of suspended matter in the inflow water, the pH of the inflow water, the water temperature of the inflow water, the flow rate of the inflow water, and the coagulant injection rate.
[Appendix 7]
The coagulant injection control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coagulant injection control unit controls the injection rate of the coagulant using the charge state of suspended matter contained in the treatment water after the coagulant is injected as an indicator.
[Appendix 8]
A control method applicable to a water treatment facility that performs solid-liquid separation and has a flocculant injection facility that injects a flocculant into water to be treated, and a filtration treatment facility that is disposed downstream of the injection position of the flocculant and performs a filtration treatment,
Calculating the turbidity of the treated water and the rate of rise of head loss in the filtration treatment equipment;
A target value of the turbidity of the treated water in the filtration treatment facility and a target value of the rate of rise of the head loss are set, and a maximum value of the turbidity of the inflow water into the filtration treatment facility is calculated so that the turbidity of the treated water and the rate of rise of the head loss in the filtration treatment facility reach the target values;
A coagulant injection control method for controlling an injection rate of the coagulant injected into the water to be treated so that the turbidity of the treated water in the filtration treatment facility does not exceed the maximum value of the turbidity of the inflow water into the filtration treatment facility.
１０…着水井、２０…混和池、２２…撹拌機、３０…フロック形成池、４０…沈殿池、５０…凝集剤注入設備、６０…凝集剤注入制御装置、６２…過処理予測部、６４…目標値算出部、６６…凝集剤注入制御部、６２１…濁質除去量演算部、６２２…損失水頭演算部、Ｓ１、Ｓ６、Ｓ９…流量計、Ｓ８、Ｓ１０－Ｓ１１…計測装置、Ｓ７…損失水頭計測装置、Ｓ２－Ｓ５…水質計 10...Receiving well, 20...Mixing basin, 22...Agitator, 30...Flocculation basin, 40...Sedimentation basin, 50...Flocculant injection equipment, 60...Flocculant injection control device, 62...Overtreatment prediction unit, 64...Target value calculation unit, 66...Flocculant injection control unit, 621...Suspended matter removal amount calculation unit, 622...Head loss calculation unit, S1, S6, S9...Flow meter, S8, S10-S11...Measuring device, S7...Head loss measurement device, S2-S5...Water quality meter
Claims (8)
前記ろ過処理設備を通過したろ過処理水の濁度と損失水頭の上昇速度とを演算するろ過処理予測部と、
前記ろ過処理水の濁度の目標値および前記損失水頭の上昇速度の目標値を設定し、前記ろ過処理予測部で算出される値が前記目標値を達成するための、前記ろ過処理設備の流入水の濁度の最大値を算出する目標値算出部と、
前記流入水の濁度が前記最大値を超えないように、前記処理対象水に注入される前記凝集剤の注入率を制御する凝集剤注入制御部と、
を備え、
前記ろ過処理予測部は、ろ過が進行するにつれて変化する時間の関数であるろ過係数を用いて前記処理対象水中の懸濁物質の除去量を演算し、所定時間先までの前記ろ過処理水の濁度を算出する濁質除去量演算部と、層流状態の粒状層の流れの圧力損失を表す式を用いて圧力損失の時間変化を算出し、所定時間先までの前記損失水頭の上昇速度を算出する損失水頭演算部と、を備える、凝集剤注入制御装置。 A device applicable to a water treatment facility that performs solid-liquid separation, the device including a flocculant injection facility that injects a flocculant into water to be treated, and a filtration treatment facility that is disposed downstream of the injection position of the flocculant and performs a filtration treatment of the water to be treated,
a filtration processing prediction unit that calculates the turbidity and the rate of rise of head loss of the filtered water that has passed through the filtration processing equipment;
a target value calculation unit that sets a target value of the turbidity of the filtered water and a target value of the rate of rise of the head loss, and calculates a maximum value of the turbidity of the inflow water of the filtration treatment facility so that the value calculated by the filtration treatment prediction unit reaches the target values;
a flocculant injection control unit that controls an injection rate of the flocculant injected into the target water so that the turbidity of the inflow water does not exceed the maximum value;
Equipped with
The filtration treatment prediction unit is equipped with a turbidity removal amount calculation unit that calculates the amount of suspended matter removed from the water to be treated using a filtration coefficient, which is a function of time that changes as filtration progresses, and calculates the turbidity of the filtered water up to a predetermined time into the future, and a head loss calculation unit that calculates the change in pressure loss over time using an equation that represents the pressure loss of a granular layer in a laminar flow state, and calculates the rate of rise of the head loss up to a predetermined time into the future .
ろ過が進行するにつれて変化する時間の関数であるろ過係数を用いて前記処理対象水中の懸濁物質の除去量を演算し、所定時間先までの前記ろ過処理設備を通過したろ過処理水の濁度を算出するとともに、層流状態の粒状層の流れの圧力損失を表す式を用いて圧力損失の時間変化を算出し、所定時間先までの前記ろ過処理設備における損失水頭の上昇速度を算出し、
前記ろ過処理水の濁度の目標値および前記損失水頭の上昇速度の目標値を設定し、演算した前記ろ過処理水の濁度と前記損失水頭の上昇速度値が前記目標値を達成するための、前記ろ過処理設備の流入水の濁度の最大値を算出し、
前記流入水の濁度が前記最大値を超えないように、前記処理対象水に注入される前記凝集剤の注入率を制御する、凝集剤注入制御方法。
A control method applicable to a water treatment facility that performs solid-liquid separation and has a flocculant injection facility that injects a flocculant into water to be treated, and a filtration treatment facility that is disposed downstream of the injection position of the flocculant and performs a filtration treatment of the water to be treated, comprising:
A filtration coefficient, which is a function of time that changes as filtration progresses, is used to calculate the amount of suspended solids removed from the water to be treated, and the turbidity of the filtered water that has passed through the filtration treatment equipment up to a predetermined time ahead is calculated. At the same time, a formula expressing the pressure loss of a granular layer in a laminar flow state is used to calculate the change in pressure loss over time, and the rate of rise in head loss in the filtration treatment equipment up to a predetermined time ahead is calculated.
setting a target value for the turbidity of the filtered water and a target value for the rate of rise of the head loss, and calculating a maximum value for the turbidity of the inflow water of the filtration treatment facility such that the calculated turbidity of the filtered water and the rate of rise of the head loss reach the target values;
A method for controlling coagulant injection, comprising controlling an injection rate of the coagulant injected into the water to be treated so that the turbidity of the inflow water does not exceed the maximum value.
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| JP2017077525A (en) | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-27 | 株式会社東芝 | Flocculant injection support device and control method |
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