JP7619634B2 - Vertical hole drainage channel construction machine and construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine - Google Patents
Vertical hole drainage channel construction machine and construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、縦穴排水路を施工する縦穴排水路施工機及び縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法に関する。 The present invention relates to a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine for constructing vertical hole drainage channels and a construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine.
作物には、それぞれ最適な地下水位があり、表面排水を行うためには明渠を、地下浸透排水を行うためには暗渠を施工する。
明渠は圃場の地表面に水路を作ることで余剰水を排出し、暗渠は耕盤を破砕して土壌中の余剰水を下層に排出する。
明渠及び暗渠は、水平方向に溝や穴を掘るために、施工範囲が広く、水が流れるように溝や穴を連結しなければならず、更に排水溝に向けて傾斜させなくてはならない。
暗渠を施工する場合には、特殊な機械設備が必要であり、明渠を施工する場合であっても、あるレベルの深さの溝を掘るには、それなりの馬力を備えたトラクタを必要とする。
なお、特許文献１は、土壌状態分析のための土壌サンプルを採取する装置を提案している。特許文献１には、自走式機械の前部または後部に昇降機構を介して土壌採取部を設けることが記載されている。また、特許文献１には、土壌採取部が筒体と筒体内のスクリューとで構成され、筒体を地中に挿入してスクリューを回動することにより筒体内に土壌を取り込んだ後、筒体内に土壌を保持することが開示されている。
また、特許文献２には、掘削と並行して、採取した地下流体に含まれる汚染物質を分析してその濃度を測定することが開示されている。
Each crop has an optimal groundwater level, and open drains are constructed for surface drainage, while underdrains are constructed for underground infiltration drainage.
Open drains drain excess water by creating a waterway on the surface of the field, while underground drains break up the tillage pan to drain excess water in the soil to the lower layer.
Open and covered conduits require digging horizontal trenches or holes, which requires a large construction area, and the trenches and holes must be connected to allow water to flow, and they must also be inclined toward the drainage ditch.
When constructing an underdrain, special machinery and equipment are required, and even when constructing an open drain, a tractor with a certain amount of horsepower is required to dig a trench of a certain depth.
Patent Document 1 proposes a device for collecting soil samples for soil condition analysis. Patent Document 1 describes a soil collection unit provided at the front or rear of a self-propelled machine via a lifting mechanism. Patent Document 1 also discloses that the soil collection unit is composed of a cylinder and a screw inside the cylinder, and that the cylinder is inserted into the ground and the screw is rotated to take in soil into the cylinder, after which the soil is retained inside the cylinder.
Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses that, in parallel with the excavation, the collected underground fluid is analyzed for contaminants and their concentrations are measured.
しかし、特許文献１及び特許文献２は、そもそも縦穴排水路を施工するものではない。また、特許文献１は、掘削を行いながら地表面から引き上げられた土壌の性状を測定するものではなく、土壌サンプルの採取を行うものである。
また、特許文献２は、揮発性有機物質や油などの揮発性汚染物質を測定対象とし、吸引孔から地下空気などの地下流体を吸引し、採取した地下流体に含まれる汚染物質を分析してその濃度を測定するものである。
However, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are not related to the construction of a vertical hole drainage channel in the first place. Furthermore, Patent Document 1 does not involve measuring the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface while excavating, but involves collecting soil samples.
In addition, Patent Document 2 targets volatile pollutants such as volatile organic substances and oils as the measurement targets, and involves sucking in underground fluids such as underground air through a suction hole, analyzing the pollutants contained in the collected underground fluid, and measuring their concentrations.
本発明は、掘削による上下動作を複数回に分けて行うことで地表面から所定深さの縦穴排水路を施工すること、この施工とともに掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の性状を測定することができる縦穴排水路施工機、及びこの縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention aims to provide a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine that can construct a vertical hole drainage channel to a specified depth from the ground surface by performing up and down excavation movements in multiple steps, and that can measure the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation part while carrying out this construction, and a construction method using this vertical hole drainage channel construction machine.
請求項１記載の本発明の縦穴排水路施工機は、掘削による上下動作を複数回に分けて行うことで地表面から所定深さの縦穴排水路Ｘを施工する縦穴排水路施工機であって、土壌を掘削する掘削部２０と、前記掘削部２０を保持する本体フレーム１０と、前記本体フレーム１０を移動させる走行部３０とを有し、掘削時に前記本体フレーム１０の回転を阻止する回転阻止部１５を前記本体フレーム１０に有することを特徴とする。
請求項２記載の本発明は、請求項１に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記本体フレーム１０に保持される土壌測定部４０を有し、前記土壌測定部４０では、前記掘削部２０によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌の性状を測定することを特徴とする。
請求項３記載の本発明は、請求項１又は請求項２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記回転阻止部１５を、前記土壌に突き刺して用いる杭材としたことを特徴とする。
請求項４記載の本発明は、請求項２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記土壌測定部４０が、カメラ、近赤外線センサ、においセンサ、電磁波センサ、超音波センサ、及びレーザーセンサの少なくともいずれか１つを有することを特徴とする。
請求項５記載の本発明は、請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、地図とともに掘削位置を表示する表示部６０と、現在位置を検出する位置検出部７０とを有することを特徴とする。
請求項６記載の本発明は、請求項２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記土壌測定部４０で測定した測定データを記憶する記憶部８０を有し、前記記憶部８０には、前記掘削部２０によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌についての前記地表面からの深さデータとともに前記測定データを記憶することを特徴とする。
請求項７記載の本発明は、請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記カメラを用いて、前記掘削部２０によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌の色や塊が崩れる状況を撮影することを特徴とする。
請求項８記載の本発明は、請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記カメラを用いて、前記掘削部２０によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌の色や塊を撮影し、前記色の濃淡や塊の大きさによって易耕性を判定することを特徴とする。
請求項９記載の本発明は、請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記カメラを用いて、前記掘削部２０によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌を撮影し、前記土壌の色の明度によって土壌水分量や有機物の量を判定することを特徴とする。
請求項１０記載の本発明は、請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記近赤外線センサを用いて、前記掘削部２０によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌の吸収スペクトルを測定し、前記吸収スペクトルによって土壌水分量を判定することを特徴とする。
請求項１１記載の本発明は、請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機において、前記においセンサを用いて、前記掘削部２０によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌の臭いを測定し、前記臭いによって還元状態又は微生物活性評価を行うことを特徴とする。
請求項１２記載の本発明の縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法は、土壌を掘削する掘削部２０と、前記掘削部２０を保持する本体フレーム１０と、前記本体フレーム１０を移動させる走行部３０とを有し、掘削による上下動作を複数回に分けて行うことで地表面から所定深さの縦穴排水路Ｘを施工する縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法であって、雨水の集積しやすい雨水集積エリアＡと、前記雨水集積エリアＡに集積される前記雨水を導く排水エリアＢとを決定し、前記雨水集積エリアＡと前記排水エリアＢとの間に、前記縦穴排水路Ｘを施工することを特徴とする。
請求項１３記載の本発明は、請求項１２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法において、前記雨水集積エリアＡから前記排水エリアＢに向かって前記縦穴排水路Ｘの深さを順次深くすることを特徴とする。
請求項１４記載の本発明は、請求項１２又は請求項１３に記載の縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法において、前記縦穴排水路Ｘを明渠Ｃに施工することを特徴とする。
The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of the present invention described in claim 1 is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine that constructs a vertical hole drainage channel X to a predetermined depth from the ground surface by performing up and down excavation movements in multiple steps, and is characterized in that it has an excavation section 20 that excavates the soil, a main body frame 10 that holds the excavation section 20, and a running section 30 that moves the main body frame 10 , and has a rotation prevention section 15 on the main body frame 10 that prevents the main body frame 10 from rotating during excavation .
The present invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 1, it has a soil measuring unit 40 held on the main body frame 10, and the soil measuring unit 40 measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20.
The present invention as set forth in claim 3 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine as set forth in claim 1 or claim 2 , the rotation preventing portion 15 is a pile material that is driven into the soil.
The present invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 2, the soil measurement unit 40 has at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a laser sensor.
The present invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that, in a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in any one of claims 1 to 4 , it has a display unit 60 that displays the excavation position together with a map, and a position detection unit 70 that detects the current position.
The present invention described in claim 6 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 2, it has a memory unit 80 that stores measurement data measured by the soil measuring unit 40, and the memory unit 80 stores the measurement data together with depth data from the ground surface for the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20.
The present invention described in claim 7 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 4 , the camera is used to photograph the color of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section 20 and the state in which the lumps crumble.
The present invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 4 , the camera is used to photograph the color and clumps of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section 20, and the ease of cultivation is determined based on the shade of the color and the size of the clumps.
The present invention described in claim 9 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 4 , the camera is used to photograph the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section 20, and the soil moisture content and the amount of organic matter are determined based on the brightness of the color of the soil.
The present invention described in claim 10 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 4 , the near-infrared sensor is used to measure the absorption spectrum of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section 20, and the soil moisture content is determined based on the absorption spectrum.
The present invention described in claim 11 is characterized in that, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 4 , the odor sensor is used to measure the odor of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section 20, and the reduction state or microbial activity is evaluated based on the odor.
The construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of the present invention described in claim 12 has an excavation section 20 that excavates soil, a main body frame 10 that holds the excavation section 20, and a running section 30 that moves the main body frame 10, and is a construction method using a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine that constructs a vertical hole drainage channel X of a predetermined depth from the ground surface by performing up and down movements by excavation in multiple steps, characterized in that a rainwater accumulation area A in which rainwater is likely to accumulate and a drainage area B to which the rainwater accumulated in the rainwater accumulation area A is guided are determined, and the vertical hole drainage channel X is constructed between the rainwater accumulation area A and the drainage area B.
The present invention described in claim 13 is characterized in that, in the construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine described in claim 12 , the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel X is gradually deepened from the rainwater accumulation area A toward the drainage area B.
The present invention as set forth in claim 14 is characterized in that in the construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine as set forth in claim 12 or 13 , the vertical hole drainage channel X is constructed in an open channel C.
本発明の縦穴排水路施工機によれば、掘削による上下動作を複数回に分けて行うことで地表面から所定深さの縦穴排水路を施工する縦穴排水路施工機にあって、本体フレームに保持される土壌測定部では、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の性状を測定するため、縦穴排水路を施工するタイミングで、地表面からの深さ別に土壌の性状を把握できる。 The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of the present invention constructs a vertical hole drainage channel to a specified depth from the ground surface by performing up and down movements by excavation in multiple steps, and the soil measurement unit held on the main body frame measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit, so that the properties of the soil can be grasped according to the depth from the ground surface at the time of constructing the vertical hole drainage channel.
本発明の第１の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機は、土壌を掘削する掘削部と、掘削部を保持する本体フレームと、本体フレームを移動させる走行部とを有し、掘削時に本体フレームの回転を阻止する回転阻止部を本体フレームに有するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、掘削による上下動作を複数回に分けて行うことで地表面から所定深さの縦穴排水路を施工することができる。
The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention has an excavation section for excavating soil, a main body frame for holding the excavation section, and a running section for moving the main body frame, and the main body frame has a rotation prevention section for preventing rotation of the main body frame during excavation .
According to this embodiment, by performing the up and down excavation movement in multiple steps, a vertical hole drainage channel can be constructed to a predetermined depth from the ground surface.
本発明の第２の実施の形態は、第１の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、本体フレームに保持される土壌測定部を有し、土壌測定部では、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の性状を測定するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、掘削による上下動作を複数回に分けて行うことで地表面から所定深さの縦穴排水路を施工する縦穴排水路施工機にあって、本体フレームに保持される土壌測定部では、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の性状を測定するため、縦穴排水路を施工するタイミングで、地表面からの深さ別に土壌の性状を把握できる。また、本体フレームに回転阻止部を有して掘削時に本体フレームの回転を阻止することができるため、例えば手動式で軽い本体フレームであっても掘削を行うことができる。
The second embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the first embodiment, which has a soil measuring unit held on the main body frame, and the soil measuring unit measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit.
According to this embodiment, in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine that constructs a vertical hole drainage channel to a predetermined depth from the ground surface by performing up and down movements by excavation in multiple steps, the soil measuring unit held by the main body frame measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit, so that the properties of the soil can be grasped by depth from the ground surface at the timing of constructing the vertical hole drainage channel. In addition, since the main body frame has a rotation prevention unit that can prevent the main body frame from rotating during excavation, excavation can be performed even with a manual and lightweight main body frame, for example.
本発明の第３の実施の形態は、第１又は第２の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、回転阻止部を、土壌に突き刺して用いる杭材としたものである。
本実施の形態によれば、狭い場所でも本体フレームの回転を阻止して掘削を行える。
A third embodiment of the present invention is such that the rotation preventing portion in the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the first or second embodiment is a pile material to be driven into the soil.
According to this embodiment, excavation can be performed even in a narrow space while preventing the main body frame from rotating.
本発明の第４の実施の形態は、第２の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、土壌測定部が、カメラ、近赤外線センサ、においセンサ、電磁波センサ、超音波センサ、及びレーザーセンサの少なくともいずれか１つを有するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、少なくともカメラ、近赤外線センサ、においセンサ、電磁波センサ、超音波センサ、及びレーザーセンサのいずれか１つを有することで、土壌測定を行うことができる。
A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the second embodiment, in which the soil measurement unit has at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a laser sensor.
According to this embodiment, soil measurement can be performed by having at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a laser sensor.
本発明の第５の実施の形態は、第１から第４のいずれかの実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、地図とともに掘削位置を表示する表示部と、現在位置を検出する位置検出部とを有するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、表示部で掘削位置を確認できることで施工効率が高まる。
A fifth embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to any one of the first to fourth embodiments, which has a display unit that displays the excavation position together with a map, and a position detection unit that detects the current position.
According to this embodiment, the excavation position can be confirmed on the display unit, thereby improving construction efficiency.
本発明の第６の実施の形態は、第２の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、土壌測定部で測定した測定データを記憶する記憶部を有し、記憶部には、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌についての地表面からの深さデータとともに測定データを記憶するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、地表面からの深さ別に測定データを記憶させることで、耕盤層や地下水位の位置、耕盤層や地下水位からの距離に基づく排水性、土壌の耕作適正などを判定できる。
A sixth embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the second embodiment, which has a memory unit for storing measurement data measured by a soil measuring unit, and the memory unit stores the measurement data together with depth data from the ground surface for soil pulled up from the ground surface by an excavation unit.
According to this embodiment, by storing measurement data according to depth from the ground surface, it is possible to determine the position of the tillage pan layer and the groundwater level, drainage based on the distance from the tillage pan layer and the groundwater level, and the suitability of the soil for cultivation.
本発明の第７の実施の形態は、第４の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、カメラを用いて、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の色や塊が崩れる状況を撮影するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、土壌の色や塊が崩れる状況から土壌の性状を判別することができる。
The seventh embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the fourth embodiment, in which a camera is used to photograph the color of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section and the state in which the lumps crumble.
According to this embodiment, the properties of the soil can be determined from the color of the soil and the way the lumps crumble.
本発明の第８の実施の形態は、第４の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、カメラを用いて、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の色や塊を撮影し、色の濃淡や塊の大きさによって易耕性を判定するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、土壌の色の濃淡や塊の大きさによって土壌含有水分が推測でき、易耕性を判別できる。
The eighth embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the fourth embodiment, in which a camera is used to photograph the color and clumps of soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section, and the ease of cultivation is determined based on the shade of color and the size of the clumps.
According to this embodiment, the moisture content of the soil can be estimated based on the shade of soil color and the size of the clumps, and the ease of cultivation can be determined.
本発明の第９の実施の形態は、第４の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、カメラを用いて、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌を撮影し、土壌の色の明度によって土壌水分量や有機物の量を判定するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、土壌水分が高ければ黒っぽく、土壌水分が低ければ白っぽくなることから、土壌の色の明度によって土壌水分量や有機物の量を判別することができる。
The ninth embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the fourth embodiment, in which a camera is used to photograph the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section, and the soil moisture content and the amount of organic matter are determined based on the brightness of the soil's color.
According to this embodiment, if the soil moisture is high, it appears dark, and if the soil moisture is low, it appears light. Therefore, the soil moisture content and the amount of organic matter can be determined from the brightness of the soil color.
本発明の第１０の実施の形態は、第４の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、近赤外線センサを用いて、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の吸収スペクトルを測定し、吸収スペクトルによって土壌水分量を判定するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、吸収スペクトルによって土壌水分量を判定することで定量的な測定が可能となる。
The tenth embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the fourth embodiment, in which a near-infrared sensor is used to measure the absorption spectrum of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section, and the soil moisture content is determined from the absorption spectrum.
According to this embodiment, the soil moisture content can be determined quantitatively by the absorption spectrum.
本発明の第１１の実施の形態は、第４の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機において、においセンサを用いて、掘削部によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の臭いを測定し、臭いによって還元状態又は微生物活性評価を行うものである。
本実施の形態によれば、土壌の臭いによって還元状態又は微生物活性評価を行うことができる。
The eleventh embodiment of the present invention is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the fourth embodiment, in which an odor sensor is used to measure the odor of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section, and the reduction state or microbial activity is evaluated based on the odor.
According to this embodiment, the reduction state or microbial activity can be evaluated based on the odor of the soil.
本発明の第１２実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法は、雨水の集積しやすい雨水集積エリアと、雨水集積エリアに集積される雨水を導く排水エリアとを決定し、雨水集積エリアと排水エリアとの間に、縦穴排水路を施工するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、暗渠や明渠の施工に比較して施工負担が小さい。
The construction method using a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention involves determining a rainwater collection area where rainwater is likely to accumulate and a drainage area to which the rainwater that accumulates in the rainwater collection area is directed, and constructing a vertical hole drainage channel between the rainwater collection area and the drainage area.
According to this embodiment, the construction burden is smaller than that of constructing an underdrain or an open drain.
本発明の第１３の実施の形態は、第１２の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法において、雨水集積エリアから排水エリアに向かって縦穴排水路の深さを順次深くするものである。
本実施の形態によれば、効果的に浸透水を誘導することができる。
The thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is a construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of the twelfth embodiment, in which the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is gradually increased from the rainwater accumulation area toward the drainage area.
According to this embodiment, the permeating water can be effectively guided.
本発明の第１４の実施の形態は、第１２又は第１３の実施の形態による縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法において縦穴排水路を明渠に施工するものである。
本実施の形態によれば、明渠に施工することで、縦穴排水路を浅くできる。
The fourteenth embodiment of the present invention relates to a construction method using the tunnel drainage channel construction machine according to the twelfth or thirteenth embodiment, in which a tunnel drainage channel is constructed as an open channel.
According to this embodiment, by constructing an open channel, the vertical hole drainage channel can be made shallow.
以下本発明の第１実施例による縦穴排水路施工機について説明する。
図１は本実施例による縦穴排水路施工機を前方から見た概念図、図２は同縦穴排水路施工機を後方から見た概念図、図３は同縦穴排水路施工機を下方から見た概念図である。
A vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will now be described.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to this embodiment as seen from the front, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine as seen from the rear, and FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine as seen from below.
本実施例による縦穴排水路施工機は、本体フレーム１０に、土壌を掘削する掘削部２０と、本体フレーム１０を移動させる走行部３０と、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の性状を測定する土壌測定部４０と、掘削時に本体フレーム１０の回転を阻止する回転阻止部１５とを保持している。 The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of this embodiment has a main frame 10, an excavation section 20 that excavates the soil, a running section 30 that moves the main frame 10, a soil measuring section 40 that measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section 20, and a rotation prevention section 15 that prevents the main frame 10 from rotating during excavation.
掘削部２０は、掘削ドリル２１と、掘削ドリル２１を回転させるモータ２２と、掘削ドリル２１を上下にスライドさせるスライドレール２３と、掘削ドリル２１を押し下げ又は引き上げるハンドル２４と、掘削ドリル２１を吊り下げるスプリング２５とを有している。
本実施例では走行部３０は、４輪のタイヤで構成しているが、６輪や８輪のタイヤでもよく、クローラでもよい。
The drilling section 20 has a drilling drill 21, a motor 22 for rotating the drilling drill 21, a slide rail 23 for sliding the drilling drill 21 up and down, a handle 24 for pushing down or pulling up the drilling drill 21, and a spring 25 for suspending the drilling drill 21.
In this embodiment, the traveling unit 30 is configured with tires on four wheels, but it may be configured with tires on six or eight wheels, or may be configured with crawlers.
土壌測定部４０は、カメラ、近赤外線センサ、においセンサ、電磁波センサ、超音波センサ、及びレーザーセンサの少なくともいずれか１つを有するものである。
土壌測定部４０としてカメラを有する場合には、カメラを用いて、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の色や塊が崩れる状況を撮影する。土壌の色や塊が崩れる状況から土壌の性状を判別することができる。また、カメラを用いて、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の色や塊を撮影し、色の濃淡や塊の大きさによって易耕性を判定する。色の明度や土壌の塊の大きさによって土壌含有水分が推測でき、易耕性を判別できる。また、カメラを用いて、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌を撮影し、土壌の色の明度によって土壌水分量や有機物の量を判定する。土壌水分が高ければ黒っぽく、土壌水分が低ければ白っぽくなることから、土壌の色の明度によって土壌水分量や有機物の量を判別することができる。
土壌測定部４０として近赤外線センサを有する場合には、近赤外線センサを用いて、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の吸収スペクトルを測定し、吸収スペクトルによって土壌水分量を判定する。吸収スペクトルによって土壌水分量を判定することで定量的な測定が可能となる。
土壌測定部４０としてにおいセンサを有する場合には、においセンサを用いて、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の臭いを測定し、臭いによって還元状態又は微生物活性評価を行う。土壌の臭いによって還元状態又は微生物活性評価を行うことができる。
土壌測定部４０として電磁波センサ又は超音波センサを有する場合には土壌水分を検出でき、土壌測定部４０としてレーザーセンサを有する場合には土塊の形状把握を行うことができる。
このように、土壌測定部４０が、少なくともカメラ、近赤外線センサ、においセンサ、電磁波センサ、超音波センサ、及びレーザーセンサのいずれか１つを有することで、土壌測定を行うことができる。
The soil measuring unit 40 has at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a laser sensor.
When the soil measuring unit 40 has a camera, the camera is used to photograph the color of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20 and the state in which the lumps crumble. The soil properties can be determined from the color of the soil and the state in which the lumps crumble. The camera is also used to photograph the color and lumps of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20, and the tillability is determined based on the shade of the color and the size of the lumps. The moisture content of the soil can be estimated based on the brightness of the color and the size of the soil lumps, and the tillability can be determined. The camera is also used to photograph the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20, and the soil moisture content and the amount of organic matter are determined based on the brightness of the soil color. If the soil moisture is high, it will be dark, and if the soil moisture is low, it will be whitish, so the soil moisture content and the amount of organic matter can be determined based on the brightness of the soil color.
When the soil measuring unit 40 has a near-infrared sensor, the near-infrared sensor is used to measure the absorption spectrum of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20, and the soil moisture content is determined from the absorption spectrum. Determining the soil moisture content from the absorption spectrum enables quantitative measurement.
When the soil measuring unit 40 has an odor sensor, the odor sensor is used to measure the odor of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20, and the reduction state or microbial activity evaluation is performed based on the odor. The reduction state or microbial activity evaluation can be performed based on the odor of the soil.
When the soil measuring section 40 has an electromagnetic wave sensor or an ultrasonic sensor, it is possible to detect soil moisture, and when the soil measuring section 40 has a laser sensor, it is possible to grasp the shape of the soil mass.
In this way, the soil measuring unit 40 can perform soil measurements by having at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a laser sensor.
回転阻止部１５は、土壌に突き刺して用いる杭材とし、好ましくは一対の杭材を、本体フレーム１０を挟んで配置する。
本体フレーム１０に回転阻止部１５を有して掘削時に本体フレーム１０の回転を阻止することができるため、例えば手動式で軽い本体フレーム１０であっても掘削を行うことができる。そして、回転阻止部１５を杭材とすることで、狭い場所でも本体フレーム１０の回転を阻止して掘削を行える。なお、縦穴排水路施工機が十分に重くて縦穴を掘削中に回転しない場合に回転阻止部１５は無くても良い。
The rotation prevention portion 15 is a pile material that is driven into the soil, and preferably a pair of pile materials are arranged with the main frame 10 in between.
Since the main body frame 10 has a rotation prevention section 15 that can prevent the main body frame 10 from rotating during excavation, excavation can be performed even with a lightweight manual main body frame 10. By using the rotation prevention section 15 as a pile material, excavation can be performed by preventing the main body frame 10 from rotating even in a narrow space. Note that the rotation prevention section 15 may not be necessary if the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine is sufficiently heavy so that it does not rotate while excavating a vertical hole.
本実施例による縦穴排水路施工機は、更に、深さ測定部５０と、地図とともに掘削位置を表示する表示部６０と、現在位置を検出する位置検出部７０と、土壌測定部４０で測定した測定データを記憶する記憶部８０と、バッテリー９０とを備えている。 The vertical hole drainage construction machine according to this embodiment further includes a depth measurement unit 50, a display unit 60 that displays the excavation position together with a map, a position detection unit 70 that detects the current position, a memory unit 80 that stores the measurement data measured by the soil measurement unit 40, and a battery 90.
本実施例では、深さ測定部５０として本体フレーム１０に配置したスケールを示しているが、掘削ドリル２１やハンドル２４の位置や移動量、又はモータ２２の回転数から引き上げられた土壌の地表面からの深さを検出するセンサであることが好ましい。
表示部６０としては、無線通信機能を備えた携帯端末が適しており、位置検出部７０としては、ＧＮＳＳ受信機が適しているが、表示部６０として機能させる携帯端末が現在位置検出機能を備えていてもよい。
記憶部８０には、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌についての地表面からの深さデータとともに土壌測定部４０による測定データを記憶する。
このように、現在位置を検出するとともに掘削位置を表示することで、掘削位置を確認できることで施工効率が高まる。また、地表面からの深さ別に測定データを記憶させることで、耕盤層や地下水位の位置、耕盤層や地下水位からの距離に基づく排水性、土壌の耕作適正などを判定できる。
バッテリー９０は、掘削部２０、土壌測定部４０、表示部６０、位置検出部７０、及び記憶部８０に電力を供給する。走行部３０についてもバッテリー９０によって駆動されることが好ましい。
In this embodiment, a scale placed on the main frame 10 is shown as the depth measuring unit 50, but it is preferable that the depth measuring unit 50 be a sensor that detects the depth of the pulled-up soil from the ground surface based on the position or movement amount of the drilling drill 21 or the handle 24, or the rotation speed of the motor 22.
A mobile terminal equipped with wireless communication capabilities is suitable for the display unit 60, and a GNSS receiver is suitable for the position detection unit 70, but the mobile terminal functioning as the display unit 60 may also be equipped with a current position detection capability.
The memory unit 80 stores measurement data by the soil measuring unit 40 together with depth data from the ground surface for soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20 .
In this way, by detecting the current position and displaying the excavation position, construction efficiency can be improved by being able to confirm the excavation position. In addition, by storing measurement data by depth from the ground surface, it is possible to determine the position of the tillage pan and groundwater level, drainage based on the distance from the tillage pan and groundwater level, and suitability of the soil for cultivation.
The battery 90 supplies power to the excavation unit 20, the soil measurement unit 40, the display unit 60, the position detection unit 70, and the memory unit 80. It is preferable that the traveling unit 30 is also driven by the battery 90.
図４は本発明の第２実施例による縦穴排水路施工機を前方から見た概念図である。
第２実施例では、ハンドル２４を手回し式ハンドルとしている。その他の構成は第１実施例と同一である。
第２実施例に示すように、手回し式のハンドル２４によって掘削ドリル２１を押し下げ又は引き上げてもよい。
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a tunnel drainage construction machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention, as viewed from the front.
In the second embodiment, the handle 24 is a hand-operated handle. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
As shown in the second embodiment, the drill bit 21 may be pushed down or pulled up by a hand-operated handle 24 .
図５から図７を用いて第２実施例による縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法について説明する。 The construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to the second embodiment will be explained using Figures 5 to 7.
図５は地表面から所定深さ（１２ｃｍ）における土壌硬度マップを用いた縦穴排水路の施工位置決定方法を示している。
図５では、土壌硬度マップを土壌硬度等高線図として示しており、このような土壌硬度マップから、雨水の集積しやすい雨水集積エリアＡを決定することができる。
排水エリアＢは、雨水集積エリアＡに集積される雨水を導くエリアであり、明渠、暗渠、排水路があるエリア、又は圃場外周エリアを排水エリアＢとして決定する。
縦穴排水路Ｘは、雨水集積エリアＡと排水エリアＢとの間に施工する。
FIG. 5 shows a method for determining the construction position of a vertical hole drainage channel using a soil hardness map at a predetermined depth (12 cm) from the ground surface.
In FIG. 5, the soil hardness map is shown as a soil hardness contour map, and from such a soil hardness map, a rainwater accumulation area A where rainwater is likely to accumulate can be determined.
The drainage area B is an area that guides the rainwater that is collected in the rainwater collection area A, and is determined to be an area with an open drain, an underdrain, or a drainage channel, or an area around the periphery of the field.
The vertical hole drainage channel X is constructed between the rainwater collection area A and the drainage area B.
図６は縦穴排水路の深さを示す説明図である。
縦穴排水路Ｘは、耕盤層に到達する深さ、更には耕盤層を越える深さが好ましく、雨水集積エリアＡから排水エリアＢに向かって縦穴排水路Ｘの深さを順次深くすることが好ましい。このように、雨水集積エリアＡから排水エリアＢに向かって縦穴排水路Ｘの深さを順次深くすることで、効果的に浸透水を誘導することができる。
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel.
The vertical hole drainage channel X is preferably deep enough to reach the tillage pan layer, and further preferably deep enough to exceed the tillage pan layer, and it is preferable to gradually deepen the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel X from the rainwater accumulation area A to the drainage area B. In this way, by gradually deepening the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel X from the rainwater accumulation area A to the drainage area B, the infiltrating water can be effectively guided.
図７は縦穴排水路の施工位置を示す説明図であり、図７（ａ）は上面図、図７（ｂ）は図７（ａ）における明渠位置での断面図である。
図７（ａ）に示すように、明渠Ｃに沿って縦穴排水路Ｘを施工することで、縦穴排水路Ｘを浅くできる。なお、明渠Ｃに沿って縦穴排水路Ｘを施工する場合にも、図７（ｂ）に示すように、浸透水を誘導する方向に、縦穴排水路Ｘの深さを順次深くすることが好ましい。
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction position of the vertical hole drainage channel, where FIG. 7(a) is a top view and FIG. 7(b) is a cross-sectional view at the open channel position in FIG. 7(a).
As shown in Fig. 7(a), the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel X can be made shallow by constructing the vertical hole drainage channel X along the open channel C. In addition, even when constructing the vertical hole drainage channel X along the open channel C, it is preferable to gradually deepen the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel X in the direction in which the seepage water is guided, as shown in Fig. 7(b).
図８は、図７とは異なる縦穴排水路の施工位置を示す説明図であり、図８（ａ）は上面図、図８（ｂ）は図８（ａ）における明渠位置での断面図である。
図８（ａ）に示すように、明渠Ｃに沿わすことなく縦穴排水路Ｘを施工してもよく、この場合にも、図７（ｂ）に示すように、明渠Ｃに施工する縦穴排水路Ｘは浅くできる。なお、明渠Ｃに沿わすことなく縦穴排水路Ｘを施工する場合にも、浸透水を誘導する方向に、縦穴排水路Ｘの深さを順次深くすることが好ましい。
なお、縦穴排水路Ｘは、穴径が４ｃｍ～３０ｃｍ、好ましくは車両走行に支障を与えにくい２０ｃｍ以下、深さは６０ｃｍ程度であり、１０ｃｍから２０ｃｍ単位で、３回から６回に分けて掘削するものである。
8A and 8B are explanatory diagrams showing the construction position of a vertical hole drainage channel different from that in FIG. 7, where FIG. 8A is a top view and FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view at the open channel position in FIG. 8A.
As shown in Fig. 8(a), the vertical hole drainage channel X may be constructed without following the open channel C. In this case, the vertical hole drainage channel X constructed in the open channel C can be shallow as shown in Fig. 7(b). Even when constructing the vertical hole drainage channel X without following the open channel C, it is preferable to gradually deepen the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel X in the direction in which the seepage water is guided.
The vertical hole drainage channel X has a hole diameter of 4 cm to 30 cm, preferably 20 cm or less so as not to interfere with vehicle travel, a depth of about 60 cm, and is excavated in 10 cm to 20 cm increments in three to six steps.
本実施例による縦穴排水路施工機は、掘削による上下動作を複数回に分けて行うことで地表面から所定深さの縦穴排水路を施工する縦穴排水路施工機にあって、本体フレーム１０に保持される土壌測定部４０では、掘削部２０によって地表面から引き上げられた土壌の性状を測定するため、縦穴排水路Ｘを施工するタイミングで、地表面からの深さ別に土壌の性状を把握できる。
また、本実施例による縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法は、雨水の集積しやすい雨水集積エリアと、雨水集積エリアに集積される雨水を導く排水エリアとを決定し、雨水集積エリアと排水エリアとの間に、縦穴排水路を施工するため、従来法である暗渠や明渠の施工に比較して施工負担が小さい。
なお、走行部３０は、エンジンや電動モータによって自走できるものであってもよい。
The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of this embodiment is a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine that constructs a vertical hole drainage channel to a predetermined depth from the ground surface by performing up and down movements by excavation in multiple steps, and the soil measuring unit 40 held on the main frame 10 measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20, so that the properties of the soil can be grasped according to the depth from the ground surface at the time of constructing the vertical hole drainage channel X.
In addition, the construction method using the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of this embodiment determines a rainwater collection area where rainwater is likely to accumulate and a drainage area to which the rainwater that accumulates in the rainwater collection area is guided, and constructs a vertical hole drainage channel between the rainwater collection area and the drainage area, so the construction burden is smaller than that of the conventional method of constructing culverts or open channels.
In addition, the traveling unit 30 may be self-propelled by an engine or an electric motor.
本発明による縦穴排水路施工機は、特に圃場における縦穴排水路の施工に適している。 The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of the present invention is particularly suitable for constructing vertical hole drainage channels in agricultural fields.
１０ 本体フレーム
１５ 回転阻止部
２０ 掘削部
２１ 掘削ドリル
２２ モータ
２３ スライドレール
２４ ハンドル
２５ スプリング
３０ 走行部
４０ 土壌測定部
５０ 深さ測定部
６０ 表示部
７０ 位置検出部
８０ 記憶部
９０ バッテリー
Ａ 雨水集積エリア
Ｂ 排水エリア
Ｃ 明渠
Ｘ 縦穴排水路
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Main body frame 15 Rotation prevention section 20 Excavation section 21 Excavation drill 22 Motor 23 Slide rail 24 Handle 25 Spring 30 Travel section 40 Soil measurement section 50 Depth measurement section 60 Display section 70 Position detection section 80 Memory section 90 Battery A Rainwater accumulation area B Drainage area C Open channel X Vertical hole drainage channel
Claims (14)
土壌を掘削する掘削部と、
前記掘削部を保持する本体フレームと、
前記本体フレームを移動させる走行部と
を有し、
掘削時に前記本体フレームの回転を阻止する回転阻止部を前記本体フレームに有する
ことを特徴とする縦穴排水路施工機。 A vertical hole drainage channel construction machine that constructs a vertical hole drainage channel to a predetermined depth from the ground surface by performing up and down movements by excavation in multiple steps,
An excavation unit that excavates soil;
A main body frame that holds the excavation unit;
a running unit that moves the main body frame ,
A vertical hole drainage channel construction machine characterized in that the main body frame has a rotation prevention part that prevents the main body frame from rotating during excavation .
前記土壌測定部では、前記掘削部によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌の性状を測定する
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 A soil measuring unit is held by the main body frame,
2. The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 1, wherein the soil measuring unit measures properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit.
ことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 3. The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rotation preventing portion is a pile material that is driven into the soil.
ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 3. The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 2, wherein the soil measurement unit has at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic wave sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a laser sensor.
現在位置を検出する位置検出部と
を有する
ことを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 A display unit that displays the drilling position together with a map;
5. The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 1, further comprising a position detection unit for detecting a current position.
前記記憶部には、前記掘削部によって前記地表面から引き上げられた前記土壌についての前記地表面からの深さデータとともに前記測定データを記憶する
ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 A storage unit for storing measurement data measured by the soil measurement unit,
3. The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 2, wherein the memory unit stores the measurement data together with depth data from the ground surface for the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit.
ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 4 , characterized in that the camera is used to photograph the color of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section and the state in which lumps of the soil crumble.
ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the camera is used to photograph the color and clumps of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit, and the ease of cultivation is determined based on the shade of the color and the size of the clumps.
ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 The vertical hole drainage construction machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the camera is used to photograph the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit, and the soil moisture content and amount of organic matter are determined based on the brightness of the color of the soil.
ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the near-infrared sensor is used to measure an absorption spectrum of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section, and the soil moisture content is determined based on the absorption spectrum.
ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の縦穴排水路施工機。 The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the odor sensor is used to measure the odor of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit, and the reduction state or microbial activity is evaluated based on the odor.
土壌を掘削する掘削部と、
前記掘削部を保持する本体フレームと、
前記本体フレームを移動させる走行部と
を有する縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法であって、
雨水の集積しやすい雨水集積エリアと、前記雨水集積エリアに集積される前記雨水を導く排水エリアとを決定し、
前記雨水集積エリアと前記排水エリアとの間に、前記縦穴排水路を施工する
ことを特徴とする縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法。 A vertical hole drainage channel construction machine that constructs a vertical hole drainage channel to a predetermined depth from the ground surface by performing up and down movements by excavation in multiple steps,
An excavation unit that excavates soil;
A main body frame that holds the excavation unit;
a running unit that moves the main body frame;
A construction method using a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine having
A rainwater accumulation area in which rainwater is likely to accumulate and a drainage area to which the rainwater accumulated in the rainwater accumulation area is guided are determined;
A construction method using a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine, characterized in that the vertical hole drainage channel is constructed between the rainwater accumulation area and the drainage area.
ことを特徴とする請求項１２に記載の縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法。 The construction method using a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is gradually increased from the rainwater accumulation area toward the drainage area.
ことを特徴とする請求項１２又は請求項１３に記載の縦穴排水路施工機を用いた施工法。 The construction method using a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the vertical hole drainage channel is constructed as an open channel.
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| JPS6283802A (en) * | 1985-10-05 | 1987-04-17 | 皆川 功 | Field drilling apparatus |
| JPH082219B2 (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1996-01-17 | 石岡建設株式会社 | Ground improvement method of lawn |
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| JP2002539439A (en) | 1999-03-15 | 2002-11-19 | 財団法人熊本テクノポリス財団 | Soil property measuring device and system for precision agriculture |
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