JP7625367B2 - Manchi Block - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a retaining block, a type of masonry block used to form retaining walls, etc.

2. Description of the Related Art Concrete retaining blocks have been known as masonry blocks for forming retaining walls and the like formed on slopes along the sides of roads and rivers.
As an example of a gap block, Patent Document 1 describes a gap block type concrete masonry block having a "joint,""jointend," and "retainer," characterized in that at least a portion of the rear edge of the "joint" has a hook protrusion that protrudes further rearward than the rear end of the "joint end" surface. This masonry block has the advantage that it can be suspended simply by hanging a suspension tool on the hook protrusion, eliminating the need for special techniques for fixing the suspension tool.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-29946

A retaining wall or the like typically comprises a surface for forming the appearance of the retaining wall, a joint end portion having a particular thickness formed on the rear side of the surface, a supporting main body portion formed on the rear side of the joint portion extending in the fore-and-aft direction, and a supporting butt portion formed on the rear side of the supporting main body portion (a portion whose cross-sectional area when cut in a direction perpendicular to an axis extending in the fore-and-aft direction is smaller or the same as that of the joint portion and larger than that of the supporting main body portion).
Conventionally, the weight of the kanchi blocks is large (usually 30 kg or more) and the shape of the kanchi blocks makes them difficult to hold, so that the transportation and construction of the kanchi blocks requires a lot of effort. For example, it requires a lot of grip strength and arm strength, and puts a lot of strain on the lower back. In particular, in recent years, the aging and decrease in the number of construction workers in Japan has become apparent, and there is a need for ideas to reduce the physical strain on workers when transporting and constructing the kanchi blocks.

To solve this problem, it is possible to make the kanchi blocks smaller. However, in this case, the number of kanchi blocks that need to be manufactured at the factory increases, which raises concerns about reduced manufacturing efficiency. In addition, since the number of kanchi blocks that need to be stacked at the construction site increases, it is expected that the time required for construction will increase compared to conventional methods.
On the other hand, it is difficult to reduce the weight by changing to a lighter material (e.g. aggregate) while maintaining the size of the mortar block, because, for example, the "Guidelines for Road Earthworks - Retaining Wall Construction" published by the Japan Road Association stipulates that the mass per 1 ^m2 of construction area must be 350 kg or more.
To provide a block that can be manufactured without being made smaller and using the same materials as conventional blocks, and that can reduce the labor required for transportation and construction.

The inventor discovered that the above problems could be solved by using a joint block that includes a surface for forming the appearance, a joint end formed behind this surface, a support body portion formed behind the joint end, and a support tail portion formed behind the support body portion, and that has a groove-shaped recess formed on the surface behind the joint end, and thus completed the present invention.

The present invention provides the following [1] to [4].
[1] A joint block including a surface for forming an external appearance, a joint end formed to the rear of the surface for forming the external appearance so as to have a shape corresponding to the shape of the surface for forming the external appearance, a retaining body portion formed to the rear of the joint end so as to have a smaller cross-sectional area than the joint end, and a retaining butt portion formed to the rear of the retaining body portion so as to have a cross-sectional area larger than that of the retaining body portion and smaller than or equal to that of the surface for forming the external appearance,
The joint portion has a pair of surfaces that extend in the height direction to abut against other adjacent joint blocks during construction, a pair of surfaces that extend in the width direction and are formed as surfaces connecting both ends of the pair of surfaces in the height direction, and a rear surface formed on the opposite side to the surface for forming the appearance,
A joint block characterized in that a groove-shaped recess is formed on the rear surface of the joint end.
[2] The joint block described in [1] above, wherein the groove-shaped recess of the joint is formed to extend parallel to the rear end of the surface of the joint extending in the height direction.
[3] The joint block according to [1] or [2], wherein the groove-shaped recess of the joint is formed so as to extend perpendicular to the rear end of the surface of the joint extending in the height direction.
[4] The groove-shaped recess of the joint end has a depth of 5 to 50 mm and a width of 10 to 80 mm.

The joint block of the present invention has a groove-shaped recess formed on the rear surface of the joint end, so that a worker can grasp this groove-shaped recess, reducing the labor required during transportation and installation.
In addition, the infill block of the present invention can be manufactured without being downsized and using the same materials as conventional ones, so it can be manufactured without changing the conventional formwork and materials.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first example of an interlocking block according to the present invention. This is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the gap block shown in Figure 1 is cut at the center of the height direction (the center of the groove-shaped recess) indicated by line XX in Figure 1, along a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the groove-shaped recess extends. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the interlocking block of the present invention in a cut state similar to that shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the interlocking block of the present invention, cut in the same manner as in FIG. 2 . FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the interlocking block of the present invention, cut in the same manner as in FIG. 2 . FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the interlocking block of the present invention, cut in the same manner as in FIG. 2 . FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of the interlocking block of the present invention, cut in the same manner as in FIG. 2 . FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a seventh example of the interlocking block of the present invention. This is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the gap block shown in Figure 8 is cut by a plane parallel to the direction in which the groove-shaped recess extends, at a point near the center in the height direction (the center of the groove-shaped recess) indicated by line Y-Y in Figure 8. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional gap block cut in the same manner as in FIG. 2 .

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the interlocking block of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Figure 1 is an oblique view (created based on a photograph) showing an example of a retaining block of the present invention, viewed from above on the side opposite to the surface 5a (the side of the retaining butt 4) that forms the appearance of a retaining wall, etc.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the spacer block 1 shown in Figure 1 is cut at the center point of the groove-shaped recess 2d (the center point in the height direction of the spacer block 1) along a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the groove-shaped recess 2d extends.
The joint block 1 shown in Figure 1 includes a chamfered portion 5 having a surface 5a for forming the appearance, a joint end 2 formed rearward of the chamfered portion 5 so as to have a shape corresponding to the shape of the surface 5a, a retaining main body portion 3 formed rearward of the joint end 2 so as to have a smaller cross-sectional area than the joint end 2, and a retaining butt portion 4 formed rearward of the retaining main body portion 3 so as to have a cross-sectional area larger than that of the retaining main body portion 3 but smaller than the surface 5a.
In the joint block 1 shown in Fig. 1, the boundary portion extending in the height direction between the joint end 2 and the supporting body portion 3 is continuously formed as a curved surface as shown in Fig. 2. In this specification, when the boundary between the joint end portion and the supporting body portion is on a curved surface, it is considered to be at the center of the curved surface portion (a straight line passing through the center point between both ends of the curved portion in the cross-sectional view shown in Fig. 2, which is parallel to the direction in which the groove-shaped recess 2d extends).
In addition, the boundary between the main body 3 and the buttock 4 may also be formed as a continuous curved surface. In this specification, when the boundary between the main body and the buttock 4 is on a curved surface, it is considered to be at the center of the curved surface.

The chamfered portion 5 (see FIG. 2) is formed for the purpose of providing an excellent appearance after construction of the separation block 1. By forming the chamfered portion 5, a recess with a V-shaped cross section and extending linearly is formed between the separation block 1 and the adjacent separation block, and this recess makes the outline of the separation block 1 clearer in appearance.
The chamfered portion 5 may be omitted. In this case, the surface 5a for forming the appearance may be said to be the front surface of the joint portion 2, but in this specification, it is treated as an independent part that is distinguished from the joint portion 2 according to the usual way of calling each part of the joint block.

In this specification, in describing each part constituting the gap block 1, the side on which the appearance-forming surface 5a is located is referred to as the "front" and the side on which the buttock portion 4 is located is referred to as the "rear".
The term "cross-sectional area" means the cross-sectional area when cut along a plane parallel to the appearance forming surface 5a, unless otherwise specified in this specification. In other words, the term "cross-sectional area" means the cross-sectional area when cut along a plane perpendicular to the axis extending in the front-rear direction of the gap block 1, unless otherwise specified in this specification.
The term "width direction" means the direction that is the width direction of the appearance-forming surface 5a of the retaining block 1 when the retaining block 1 is used to construct a structure such as a retaining wall, and in Figures 1 and 2, it means the direction in which the line where the surface 2a of the joint 2 and the appearance-forming surface 5a intersect (the boundary line between these two surfaces 2a, 5a) extends (the left-right direction in Figures 1 and 2).
The term "height direction" means a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the appearance forming surface 5a (the direction in which the groove-shaped recess 2d extends in FIG. 1).
In addition, the surface of the retaining wall , etc. is formed as a slope (having an acute angle with respect to the vertical direction). In the present invention , the "height direction" does not mean the "vertical direction" of the retaining block 1 after construction, but means the up and down direction of this slope.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the joint portion 2 has a pair of surfaces 2b (see Figure 1) which are surfaces extending in the height direction for abutting other adjacent gap blocks during construction, a pair of surfaces 2a extending in the width direction which are formed as surfaces connecting both ends of the pair of surfaces 2b in the height direction, and a rear surface 2c which is formed on the rear side of the appearance-forming surface 5a (the side opposite to the side on which the appearance-forming surface 5a is located).
A groove-shaped recess 2d is formed in the rear surface 2c. The groove-shaped recess 2d is formed to extend parallel to the rear end of the surface 2b of the mating portion 2 (the straight line that is the rear end of the surface 2b in Figs. 1 and 2).

The groove-like recess 2d may have another shape instead of extending parallel to the extending direction of the surface 2b of the mating end 2 as shown in FIGS.
For example, the groove-shaped recess 62d shown in Figures 8 and 9 is formed to extend perpendicularly to the rear end of surface 62b, rather than parallel to it as in Figure 1, so as to extend from point A within the area of surface 62c of the rear end portion of the joint (a point within the area of surface 62c located near the center point of the rear end of surface 62b of the joint portion) to point B within the area of surface 63b extending in the height direction of the retaining main body portion.
In Figures 8 and 9, the groove-shaped recess 62d can also be formed so as not to reach the area of the surface 63b of the main body (for example, to reach the boundary between the surfaces 62c and 63b, or to reach a point slightly before the boundary between the surfaces 62c and 63b).
A groove-shaped recess 62d as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can also be formed in addition to the groove-shaped recess 2d as shown in FIGS.

The number of groove-shaped recesses 2d (see Figures 1 and 2) is not limited to two (a pair) as shown in Figures 1 and 2, but may be, for example, four (two on each side of the supporting main body portion 3), six (three on each side of the supporting main body portion 3), etc.
The shape of the groove-like recess 2d is not limited to the semicircular cross section as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but may be, for example, a rectangular or triangular cross section.
In the present invention, in addition to the groove-like recesses, band-like protrusions protruding in the direction opposite to the depth direction of the groove-like recesses may be formed.
In the present invention, the depth of the groove-shaped recess (when there is a groove-shaped recess and an adjacent band-shaped protrusion, the distance which is the difference in height between the deepest point of the recess and the highest point of the protrusion) is preferably 5 to 50 mm, more preferably 8 to 40 mm, even more preferably 10 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably 15 to 25 mm, from the viewpoint of ease of gripping during transportation and application.
From the viewpoint of ease of gripping during transportation and application, the width of the groove-like recess is preferably 10 to 80 mm, more preferably 15 to 70 mm, further preferably 20 to 60 mm, and particularly preferably 25 to 55 mm.
From the viewpoint of ease of gripping during transportation and application, the width of the belt-like convex portion is preferably 10 to 80 mm, more preferably 15 to 70 mm, further preferably 20 to 60 mm, and particularly preferably 25 to 55 mm.

The retaining body portion 3 is formed so that its cross-sectional area is smaller than both the joint end portion 2 and the retaining butt portion 4, and is composed of a surface 3a extending in the width direction and a surface 3b extending in the height direction.
In Fig. 1, the surface 3a is formed to include a recess having a curved surface. By forming the recess in this manner, the amount of material required to manufacture the contact block 1 can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The surface 3a may be formed as a flat surface that is continuous with the surfaces 2a and 4a without forming the recess.

The retaining butt portion 4 is formed so that its cross-sectional area is smaller than that of the joint end portion 2 and larger than that of the retaining main body portion 3, and consists of a surface 4a extending in the width direction, a surface 4b extending in the height direction, a rear surface 4c (the back surface of the spacing block 1) formed on the opposite side to the appearance-forming surface 5a, and a front surface 4d.
Since the cross-sectional area of the support butt portion 4 is set larger than that of the support main body portion 3, a surface 4d can be formed on the support butt portion 4, as shown in Figure 1. By abutting a rod-shaped body for lifting the interval block 1 against this surface 4d and lifting the rod-shaped body with a lifting device, the interval block 1 can be raised, moved and lowered.
The butt pad 4 may be formed in a shape such that its cross-sectional area is the same as that of the joint end 2.

The dimensions of the insulated block of the present invention are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of maintaining conventional dimensions (no need for miniaturization), the width is preferably 300-700 mm, the height is 200-600 mm, and the dimension in the front-rear direction (retaining length) is 300-700 mm, more preferably the width is 330-600 mm, the height is 220-500 mm, and the dimension in the front-rear direction (retaining length) is 320-600 mm, and particularly preferably the width is 360-500 mm, the height is 250-300 mm, and the dimension in the front-rear direction (retaining length) is 350-500 mm.

The joint block of the present invention can be manufactured by a method conventionally known as a manufacturing method for joint blocks.
The material of the mortar block is usually concrete.
Examples of materials constituting concrete include cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, a water reducing agent, and water.
The method for molding the mortar block is not particularly limited, but usually, a pour molding method or a quick demold molding method is used.

The shape of the groove-like recess at the joint end of the joint block can be formed by any of the following methods.
The first method is to form the desired shape by providing a convex portion or the like on a concrete formwork or a mold for a press machine that matches the shape to be formed of the joint block (for example, a groove-shaped recess at the joint end).
The second method is to use a cutting or grinding tool such as a concrete cutter or grinder during the manufacturing process of the joint block to form the shape to be formed in the joint block (for example, a groove-shaped recess at the joint end).
The third method is to form the desired shape by using the same concrete as the conventional concrete block manufactured using conventional formwork and dies, and forming additional concrete molded portions using the same concrete.

When transporting and installing the gap block shown in Fig. 1, first, with the surface 5a for forming the appearance facing downward as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a rod-shaped body or a supporting means instead thereof is abutted against each of the pair of surfaces 4d of the buttock 4. A supporting means such as a rod-shaped body is usually applied to a plurality of gap blocks 1 (for example, 5 to 10 pieces).
Next, a lifting device for lifting these two rod-shaped bodies is used to lift multiple (e.g., 5 to 10) spacing blocks 1, and the spacing blocks 1 are moved to the desired location (e.g., the bed of a truck or the construction site) by a transport means such as a crane truck equipped with this lifting device.
When the separation block 1 is lowered from the lifted state, the separation block 1 is lowered in the state in which the surface 5a for forming the appearance faces downward as shown in Figs.
When the separation block 1 is lowered to the construction site, the worker rotates the separation block 1 and places it on the ground or stacks it on top of other separation blocks with the joint end 2 and the butt joint 4 in contact with the ground.
When rotating the gap block 1, a worker can perform the work by hooking multiple fingers into the groove-shaped recess 2.

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Example 1]
A concrete joint block 1 (width: 400 mm, height: 250 mm, joint length: 350 mm, number of groove-like recesses: 2, shape of groove-like recesses: semicircular, depth of groove-like recesses: 10 mm, width of groove-like recesses: 20 mm) shown in Figures 1 and 2 was prepared, and rotated from the state shown in Figures 1 and 2 (a state in which the appearance-forming surface 5a is the contact surface) so that the joint end 2 and the joint butt portion 4 were in contact with the ground.
The ease of gripping the gripping block 1 during this rotation operation (hereinafter also referred to as ease of operation) was evaluated by workers on a three-level scale of "◎" (very easy), "〇" (easy), and "×" (not easy), and the result was "〇".
In the following Examples 2 to 7, the gap blocks were produced with the same dimensions and materials as in Example 1, except that the groove-shaped recesses were different.

[Example 2]
A gap block 11 (number of groove-shaped recesses: 4, shape of groove-shaped recesses: semicircular, depth of groove-shaped recesses: 10 mm, width of groove-shaped recesses: 20 mm) shown in Fig. 3 was produced, and the ease of work was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The result was "good".
[Example 3]
A gap block 21 (number of groove-shaped recesses: 4, shape of groove-shaped recesses: semicircular, width of groove-shaped recesses: 20 mm, number of band-shaped protrusions: 4, shape of band-shaped protrusions: semicircular, height difference between recesses and protrusions: 20 mm) shown in Fig. 4 was produced, and the ease of work was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The result was "good".

[Example 4]
A gap block 31 (number of groove-shaped recesses: 2, shape of groove-shaped recesses: triangular, depth of groove-shaped recesses: 10 mm, width of groove-shaped recesses: 30 mm) shown in Fig. 5 was produced, and the ease of work was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The result was "good".
[Example 5]
A gap block 41 (number of groove-shaped recesses: 2, shape of groove-shaped recesses: square, depth of groove-shaped recesses: 20 mm, width of groove-shaped recesses: 40 mm) shown in Fig. 6 was produced, and the ease of work was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The result was "◎".

[Example 6]
A gap block 51 (number of groove-shaped recesses: 2, shape of groove-shaped recesses: square, depth of groove-shaped recesses: 25 mm, width of groove-shaped recesses: 50 mm) shown in Fig. 7 was produced, and the ease of work was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The result was "◎".
[Example 7]
8 and 9 was produced, and the ease of work was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The result was "A".
In addition, the groove-shaped recess 62d of the gap block 61 is formed to extend perpendicular to the rear end (straight line) of the face 62b, so as to extend from point A within the area of the face 62c to point B within the area of the face 63b.
[Comparative Example 1]
Using the gap block 71 shown in Fig. 10 (not having a groove-shaped recess), the ease of work was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The result was "X".

1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71 Spacer block 2 Joint end 2a Surface extending in the width direction of the joint end 2b, 62b Surface extending in the height direction of the joint end 2c, 62c Rear surface of the joint end 2d, 62d Groove-shaped recess 3 Support body 3a Surface extending in the width direction of the support body 3b, 63b Surface extending in the height direction of the support body 4 Support butt 4a Surface extending in the width direction of the support butt 4b Surface extending in the height direction of the support butt 4c Rear surface of the support butt (rear surface of the spacer block)
4d Front surface of the buttock 5 Chamfered portion 5a Surface for forming the appearance (surface for forming the appearance of the retaining wall, etc. after the construction of the retaining block)
A: One end of the groove-shaped recess B: The other end of the groove-shaped recess

Claims (4)

A joint block including a surface for forming an external appearance, a joint end formed on the rear of the surface for forming the external appearance so as to have a shape corresponding to the shape of the surface for forming the external appearance, a retaining main body portion formed on the rear of the joint end so as to have a smaller cross-sectional area than the joint end, and a retaining butt portion formed on the rear of the retaining main body portion so as to have a larger cross-sectional area than the retaining main body portion and a smaller or equal cross-sectional area than the surface for forming the external appearance,
The joint has a pair of side surfaces that extend in the height direction to abut against other adjacent joint blocks during construction, a pair of width-extending surfaces that are formed as surfaces connecting both ends of the pair of side surfaces in the height direction, and a rear surface that is formed on the opposite side to the surface for forming the appearance,
At least one pair of groove-shaped recesses is formed on the rear surface of the joint portion,
The groove-shaped recess of the joint portion is formed to extend parallel to a rear end of a surface of the joint portion extending in the height direction,
a cross section of the groove-shaped recess of the joint portion taken along a plane perpendicular to a direction in which the groove-shaped recess extends is semicircular or rectangular;
A block characterized in that a pair of width-extending surfaces of the support body are each formed as a curved recess or a flat surface . The joint block according to claim 1, wherein the cross section of the groove-shaped recess of the joint end when cut along a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the groove-shaped recess extends is rectangular. 3. The joint block according to claim 1, wherein the groove-shaped recess of the joint is formed across the pair of widthwise extending surfaces of the joint. The joint block according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the groove-shaped recess at the joint end has a depth of 5 to 50 mm and a width of 10 to 80 mm.

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