JP7627466B2 - Floor radiant convection heating and cooling system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a floor radiant convection heating and cooling system for architectural structures such as gymnasiums, buildings, or houses.

In Patent Document 1, height-adjustable support legs are installed at a predetermined interval on the floor slab of a building, joists with a hat-shaped cross section are arranged between the support parts provided at the top of each support leg, and the joists are arranged in parallel, and joists are arranged on the top of the joists in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and floor material is laid on the top of the joists. In this floor structure, an air-conditioning structure for a sports facility is attached to the floor structure, in which a first duct consisting of a cylinder with a rectangular cross section is arranged on the floor slab in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and air-conditioning air such as warm air or cold air sent out from an air conditioner connected to the first duct is circulated through the first duct, and an insulating sheet is arranged to cover the underside of the floor material between the adjacent joists arranged side by side, and the ends of the insulating sheet are fixed and laid on the top of the flange parts of each joist and the top of the support parts to form a second duct between the floor material and the insulating sheet, and the first duct is arranged in a straight line in a state dividing the floor slab in two. Meanwhile, the second duct is arranged in both directions perpendicular to the first duct, a blower is arranged at a predetermined distance from the first duct to suck in the air for conditioning passing through the first duct and send it to the second duct, the air for conditioning passing through the second duct is heated or cooled to adjust the temperature, and the air for conditioning inside the room is conditioned by radiation from the floor surface above the floor material, spacing retainers are arranged on the wall slab of the building, wall panels are attached to the front of the stud materials arranged between these spacing retainers, a third duct is formed in the space between the wall slab and the wall panel arranged in front of it, which communicates with the second duct and sends the air for conditioning from the second duct to a vent provided on the wall surface, the air for conditioning is blown out into the room from the vent, and some or all of the air in the room is sent back to the air conditioner to be used as new air for conditioning.

Patent Document 2 discloses a floor heating panel that is laid out on the floor and includes a panel body formed by combining a frame with an upper panel and a lower panel so that a hollow section is formed inside, a hot air supply device that is incorporated inside the panel body and configured to draw in air from the hollow section and heat the drawn-in air to turn it into hot air and blow it out into the hollow section, and a partition plate that is provided inside the hollow section and forms an air passage for circulating the hot air blown out from the hot air supply device throughout the hollow section. The panel body is supported by square timbers that are arranged inside or around the panel body, and supports that extend downward at approximately right angles to the lower panel are provided.

Patent No. 5348996 Utility Model Application Publication No. Hei 2-55017

In the invention described in Patent Document 1, the first duct through which hot and cold air from the air conditioner flows first under the floor is installed passing under the joists, and the second duct is formed by installing an insulating sheet so that it hangs down significantly from the joists. This causes a problem in that the space between the underfloor surface and the insulating sheet is too large in the vertical direction, making it difficult to achieve the cooling and heating effect.

In addition, hot and cold air is forcibly blown from the openings in the main gap of the first duct to the second duct by fans installed at each opening. Therefore, while hot and cold air close to the set temperature blows out from the openings closest to the air conditioner, there is a problem that air close to room temperature, far from the set temperature, blows out from the openings farther away from the air conditioner.

The invention described in Patent Document 2 has a structure in which a hot air supply device is installed under the floor and hot air is circulated in the space under the floor. However, since it does not suck in air from the room and does not blow hot air into the room, there is a problem in that it is not possible to achieve convection for people in the room.

The flow path for the hot air is formed by a wooden partition so that it flows in one direction from the air outlet to the air inlet of the hot air supply device. This means that the hot air flowing through the flow path does not mix, which creates a problem of a large temperature difference between the air outlet side and the air inlet side. This causes a problem of the floor surface temperature being higher on the air outlet side and lower on the air inlet side depending on the part.

The top panel installed above the flow path and below the floor finishing member is made of wood or a metal plate. In the case of a metal plate, the metal plate is installed over the entire floor surface, and because metal has a high thermal expansion coefficient, it expands with heat, causing creaking noises under the floor. In addition, compared to when the top panel is made of wood, when the panel is made of metal, it is heavier, so there is a problem that the wooden frame, wooden partition boards, wooden timbers, and supports that support the top panel must be significantly reinforced in order to pose a risk of the floor becoming submerged.

The present invention was conceived in consideration of these problems, and aims to provide a floor radiant convection heating and cooling system that circulates hot and cold air from the air conditioner in large quantities into the space near the underfloor area and then returns it to the room, effectively combining convection and radiation for heat transfer, thereby enabling the room to be heated or cooled in a short time after the air conditioner is switched on.

In the present invention, radiation is synonymous with thermal radiation, thermal radiation, and radiation, and convection is synonymous with heat transfer, convective heat transfer, and thermal convection, so hereafter they will be referred to as convection and radiation.

The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system according to claim 1 comprises a plurality of supports suspended above a floor slab, a plurality of long metal joists supported by the supports and arranged in parallel, and a plurality of long metal joists arranged in parallel and in contact with the upper surfaces of the joists and arranged in a row in a direction perpendicular to the joists, the joists abutting against the undersides of flooring materials constituting an interior space and supporting the flooring materials. A heat shield plate is installed between the joists in a substantially horizontal direction at a height substantially equal to the height of the undersides of the joists so as to prevent air from flowing up and down between the joists, and an air conditioner installed in the interior space is installed between the joists in a substantially horizontal direction at a height substantially equal to the height of the undersides of the joists. A chamber section which forms a flow path for hot and cold air from the adjustment unit is arranged below one end side of the joists, in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and only in the space vertically sandwiched between the joists, the heat shield plate, and the floor slab, and the hot and cold air flowing within the chamber section is made to flow directly into the space sandwiched between the side surfaces of the joists between the joists from openings provided in the heat shield plate for each joist along the longitudinal direction of the chamber section, and immediately after flowing in, the hot and cold air is made to flow between the joists along the longitudinal direction of the joists .

The floor radiant convection heating and cooling system described in claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the openings are arranged in a staggered pattern in the direction of the flow of the hot and cold air.

The floor radiant convection heating and cooling system described in claim 3 is characterized in that in claim 1 or 2, the size of the opening is increased as the flow of the hot and cold air moves from the upstream side to the downstream side.

The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system described in claim 1 of the present invention is a system that effectively heats and cools the room by radiating from the floor material that has been cooled or heated by the convection from the hot and cold air while flowing hot and cold air from the air conditioner under the floor and returning the hot and cold air from under the floor to the floor above, and convecting the air in the room. A large amount of hot and cold air is flowed all at once from the chamber part to the entire narrow vertical space between the floor material and the heat shield plate, so that the convection of the hot and cold air to the floor material by the hot and cold air is large and fast, and the convection of the hot and cold air to the square pipe steel joists and metal joists by the hot and cold air is large and fast, shortening the time until the joists and joists are cooled or heated and heat stored, and the convection and radiation from the joists and joists to the floor material is large and fast, resulting in a large and fast amount of radiation from the floor material to the room.

In addition, hot and cold air is circulated widely in the narrow underfloor space between the underside of the flooring and the heat shield plate, which is installed at approximately the same height as the underside of the slab, and the flooring, so the volume is significantly reduced to about 1/2 to 1/10 compared to the conventional underfloor space, which is wide in the vertical direction between the floor slab and the underside of the flooring. This means that the temperature of the flowing hot and cold air hardly changes compared to the conventional case. As a result, due to the synergistic effect of the convection from the hot and cold air circulating back into the room from the underfloor space and the radiant heat from the flooring, the indoor temperature can be brought to the set temperature for cooling or heating in an extremely short time after the indoor air conditioner is switched on, compared to the conventional case, and the room temperature can be maintained even when there are many people coming and going, and there is also an energy-saving effect.

The heat shield is installed horizontally at approximately the same height as the underside of the joists so as to block the vertical flow of hot and cold air between the adjacent joists. As a result, the underfloor space formed by the underside of the flooring and the heat shield is connected vertically between the bottom of the joists and the heat shield, between the top of the joists and the flooring, or between the heat shield and the underside of the flooring, so that hot and cold air can flow freely throughout the entire space below the flooring. As a result, the hot and cold air mixes throughout the entire space below the flooring, making the temperature of the hot and cold air flowing under the flooring uniform, and making the room temperature more uniform throughout the entire room.

The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system described in claim 2 has multiple openings in the heat shield, which correspond to the inlets of hot and cold air into the narrow vertical flow path between the floor material and the heat shield, arranged in a staggered pattern in the direction of the hot and cold air flow. This makes it possible to make the flow rate of the hot and cold air flowing in from the downstream openings more uniform than when multiple openings are arranged linearly in the direction of the hot and cold air flow. This makes it possible to make the magnitude of convection and radiation to the floor material more uniform throughout the entire room.

The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system described in claim 3 has openings in the heat shield that correspond to the inlet of hot and cold air into the narrow vertical flow path between the floor material and the heat shield, and the size of the openings is narrower on the upstream side of the hot and cold air flow and larger on the downstream side, thereby reducing the difference in the flow rate of hot and cold air from the air conditioner and making the magnitude of convection and radiation to the floor material more uniform throughout the room.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the flow of hot and cold air in the floor radiant convection heating and cooling system of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the configuration of the flooring material as viewed from the inside of the room. These are explanatory diagrams of the configuration when viewed from above with the flooring removed, where (a) shows the heat shielding plate in a mesh-like shape to make its presence easier to understand, and (b) shows the shielding plate in a plate-like shape because it is difficult to indicate the symbol when it is in a mesh-like shape. These are explanatory diagrams of the structure when viewed from above, excluding the flooring and joists. (a) is an explanatory diagram in which the heat shielding plate is shown in a mesh-like shape to make its presence easier to understand, and (b) is an explanatory diagram in which the shielding plate is shown in a plate-like shape because it is difficult to indicate the symbol when it is in a mesh-like shape. FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the structure when flooring, floor joists, and heat shielding plates are removed. FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the structure of the structure when the flooring, floor joists, heat shielding plate, and joists are removed. FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2. FIG. 8 is an enlarged explanatory view of a portion B in FIG. 7 . 11A and 11B are explanatory diagrams showing the effect of gradually increasing the opening size of the chamber section toward the downstream, where FIG. 11A is an explanatory diagram from a plan view and FIG. 1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams of the effect when the size of the openings of the chamber portion is the same from the upstream to the downstream, where (a) is an explanatory diagram from a plan view and (b) is an explanatory diagram from a side view. 1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams of the effect when the opening positions are staggered from the upstream to downstream of the chamber section, where (a) is an explanatory diagram in a plan view, (b) is an explanatory diagram of the P-P cross section of one row, and (c) is an explanatory diagram in a side view of the Q-Q cross section of another row. 1A and 1B are explanatory diagrams illustrating an example in which the openings are arranged in a straight line from the upstream to the downstream of the chamber, where (a) is an explanatory diagram in a plan view and (b) is an explanatory diagram of the R-R cross section. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the flow of hot and cold air when the openings of the floor radiant convection heating and cooling system of the present invention are arranged in a straight line, where (a) is an explanatory diagram in a plan view when the floor material is removed, and (b) is an explanatory diagram in a plan view when the floor material is removed but the position of the return port is displayed. These are plan view explanatory diagrams showing the position of the return ports and removing the flooring when two air conditioners are installed on one side of a room. (a) is an explanatory diagram in which the shielding plate is shown in a mesh-like shape to make its presence easier to see, and (b) is an explanatory diagram in which the shielding plate is shown in a plate-like shape because it is difficult to indicate the symbol when it is in a mesh-like shape. These are plan view explanatory diagrams showing the position of the return ports and removing the flooring when two air conditioners are installed on each side of a room. (a) is an explanatory diagram in which the shielding plate is shown in a mesh-like shape to make its presence easier to see, and (b) is an explanatory diagram in which the shielding plate is shown in a plate-like shape because it is difficult to indicate the symbol for the mesh-like shape.

The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention is a system that uses floor radiation convection to heat and cool the interior space 100 of an architectural structure such as a gymnasium, a building, or a house.

The temperature experienced by users in a building such as a gymnasium is firstly radiation from the floor material, and secondly convection from the hot and cold air returned to the room. The inventor therefore thought that if the hot and cold air flowing in the underfloor space 10 could be made to flow quickly in large quantities into the space 10 that comes into contact with the underfloor, and the temperature of the hot and cold air could be made uniform throughout the space 10, the temperature of the radiation from the floor material 6 into the room could be brought closer to the set temperature of the air conditioner 50 quickly, and the hot and cold air returned to the room could be returned at a temperature not significantly different from the temperature when it was sent out from the air conditioner 50, and thus came up with the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention.

The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention comprises a plurality of supports 7 suspended above a floor slab 20 as shown in Figs. 5 to 8, a plurality of long metal joists 2 supported by the supports and arranged in parallel as shown in Figs. 2 to 4, a plurality of long metal joists 3 that abut the upper surfaces of the joists 2 and are arranged in parallel in a row in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2, and a chamber section 4 that is arranged below one end of the joists 2 and in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2 and forms a flow path for hot and cold air from an air conditioner 50, and a heat shielding plate 8 is installed approximately horizontally between the joists 2 at approximately the same height as the lower surface of the joists 2 so as to prevent air from flowing up and down between the joists 2, and an opening 5 is provided in the heat shielding plate 8 located above the chamber section 4 for each space between the joists 2 to allow the hot and cold air flowing in the chamber section 4 to flow in.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, or Figure 4, the openings 5 are arranged in a staggered pattern in the direction of the hot and cold air flow.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, or FIG. 4, the size of the opening 5 increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the flow of the hot and cold air.

As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 7 or Fig. 8, the floor material 6 is a floor material 6 installed throughout the entire room 100 of a gymnasium or the like, and is made of a painted flooring 6a on the upper layer and structural plywood 6b on the lower layer, and functions as a horizontal heat storage plate. A cooling effect or a heating effect can be obtained by radiation from the cooled or heated floor material 6. In addition, the floor material 6 is provided with an inlet (not shown) at one end of the room 100, which allows hot and cold air from an air conditioner 50 installed in the room to flow into the chamber 4 under the floor, as shown in Fig. 6, and a plurality of through-flow openings 9 are provided at the other end of the room 100, which allow hot and cold air to return from the underfloor side to the inside of the room, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 13(b), Fig. 14 or Fig. 15. The size of the floor material 6 of a gymnasium or the like may be, for example, as shown in Figs. 3 to 6, with one side having a length L1 of about 100 m and the other side having a length L2 of about 100 m.

The floor slab 20 is, for example, a concrete slab, and the support 7 is firmly fixed to the floor slab 20 with anchor bolts and suspended. In addition, an aluminum heat shielding sheet 21 is laid over the entire area of the floor slab 20. By laying the aluminum heat shielding sheet 21, for example, it is possible to suppress heat transfer to the concrete slab.

Next, as shown in Figures 6 to 8, the support 7 is installed vertically on the floor slab 20 and supports the joists 2 that support the flooring 6 from below. A number of support members are installed vertically at a specified interval so that each joist 2 does not bend. The support 7 allows for height adjustment, for example with a screw, so that the joists 2 and the flooring 6 can be kept horizontal.

Next, the joists 2 are made of metal and can be any long steel material with at least a top and both sides, such as square pipe steel or C-shaped steel. For example, the square pipe steel has a rectangular frame-like cross section and is connected in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the joists 2 over the length of the room, for example, in the left-right direction, and is installed in multiple rows at a predetermined interval in the short direction of the joists 2 over the length of the room, for example, in the front-to-back direction. As shown in Figures 6 to 8, the joists 2 are placed on the upper end surface of the support 7 and fixed with fastening means such as bolts.

By using a steel material with high thermal conductivity for the joists 2, when the cold or warm air flowing through the flow path between the flooring 6 and the heat shield 8 comes into direct contact with the joists 2, the temperature of the cold or warm air is easily convected to the joists 2. This allows the flooring 6 to be cooled or heated by radiation more powerfully and quickly.

Next, as shown in Figures 3, 7 and 8, the joists 3 are arranged in a row on the upper surface of the joists 2 in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2 and in parallel to the joists 2, and are made of metal and have a long cross-sectional shape with an opening on the underside, which abuts against the underside of the flooring 6 that constitutes the room and supports the flooring 6. Examples of shapes with an opening on the underside include a hat shape and a grooved steel shape. The parallel rows are arranged at a predetermined interval so that the flooring can withstand long-term use, even when sports activities are being performed in a gymnasium. The flange surfaces of the joists 3 are placed on the upper surface of the joists 3 and fixed with fastening means such as bolts and nuts.

The floor joists 3 are made of metal, and when cold or warm air comes into direct contact with the floor joists 3, the temperature of the cold or warm air is convected to the floor joists 3, causing the floor material 6 to store heat more quickly.

Next, the chamber section 4 will be described. The chamber section 4 is preferably configured so that the inner wall is covered with a heat insulating material in order to maintain the temperature of the hot and cold air. The chamber section 4 is disposed below one end side of the joists 2 and in a straight line in a direction perpendicular to the joists 2, as shown in Figures 5, 7, or 8, for example, and forms a flow path for the hot and cold air from the air conditioner 50 installed in the room 100. The bottom wall of the chamber 4 is the floor slab 20, which is covered with the aluminum heat shield sheet 21, which is a heat insulating material laid on the floor slab, the upper wall is a heat shield plate 8, which is a heat insulating material such as a hard foam material, which has a heat insulating function and a horizontal partition plate function, the side wall on the exterior wall side of the building may have a heat insulating function, for example, a hard foam molded board or plywood 18, which is a heat insulating material attached to the inside of a concrete wall, the side wall of the joist 2 that is not on the exterior wall side may have a heat insulating function, for example, it is composed of a floor partition plate 15 made of a light steel frame or gypsum board with a hard foam molded board or plywood, which is a heat insulating material, attached, and the downstream end wall part is closed with, for example, a hard foam molded board or plywood 18, which has the same structure as the side wall on the exterior wall side of the building. Therefore, the chamber 4 is formed of a material with a heat insulating function on the periphery.

Another form of the chamber 4 is a duct whose inner wall is covered with a heat insulating material. When the chamber 4 is a duct, an opening 5 is provided in the upper wall through which hot and cold air can flow into the narrow vertical space 10 between the joists 2 and the floor material 6. In this case, the heat shield 8 can be configured to be located above the chamber 4, or it can be configured not to be located above the chamber 4. In the case of a configuration in which a heat shield 8 is located above, an opening 5 of the same size and at the same position as the heat shield 8 is provided in the upper wall of the duct.

The hot and cold air flow passage in the chamber 4 has surrounding walls made of insulating material, which has the effect of hardly changing the temperature of the hot and cold air from the air conditioner 50.

Next, the heat shield plate 8 will be described. The heat shield plate 8, as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, has the function of restricting the flow of hot and cold air between the plurality of joists 2 arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction to the space near the underfloor 6, and is a flat member horizontally installed between the joists 2 at approximately the same height as the lower surface of the joists 2. The material of the heat shield plate 8 is preferably a material with a heat insulating effect, such as a hard foam material. A narrow space 10 in the vertical direction between the floor material 6 and the heat shield plate 8 is formed as a flow path for hot and cold air. This makes it possible to reduce the volume of the space 10, thereby suppressing the change in temperature of the hot and cold air flowing from the air conditioner 50 through the chamber section 4.

The heat shield plate 8 is attached to the joists 2 by, for example, fixing a fixing device with an inverted hat-shaped cross section in the vertical direction, fixing the inverted hat-shaped flange portion to the upper wall of the joists 2 from above with fastening means such as screws or bolts and nuts, and then fitting the flat heat shield plate 8 into the inverted hat-shaped recess of the fixing device, placing it on top, and fixing it in place.

The heat shielding plate 8 is installed between the joists 2 arranged in a row at approximately the same height as the underside of the joists 2, so that the hot and cold air flows through the entire space 10 in the vertical direction between the flooring 6 and the heat shielding plate 8, since the area where the joists 3 are in contact with the flooring 6 is connected vertically between the bottom of the joists 3 and the top of the heat shielding plate 8, and the area of the joists 2 is connected vertically between the top of the joists 2 and the bottom of the flooring 6. This allows the temperature of the hot and cold air to be uniform within the space 10, and also allows heat transfer to the joists 2 and joists 3 to be uniform.

As shown in Figures 1, 7 and 8, the hot and cold air that flows into the narrow space 10 sandwiched vertically between the flooring 6 and the heat shielding plate 8 from the openings 5a to 5d flows in direction M along the longitudinal direction of the joists 2 through the space 10 between the flooring 6 and the heat shielding plate 8, or between the joists 3 and the heat shielding plate 8, and also flows in direction N parallel to the joists 3 through the space 10 between the flooring 6 and the joists 2, and further flows in the diagonal direction Q. This allows the hot and cold air to diffuse and spread throughout the entire narrow space 10 below the flooring 6, making the temperature of the hot and cold air flowing within the space 10 uniform.

Next, we will explain the openings 5 of the heat shield 8, which are the paths through which hot and cold air flows from the chamber section 4 into the vertical space 10 between the heat shield 8 and the floor material 6. As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, or Figure 4, at least one opening 5 is provided for each 2 joists.

The arrangement of the openings 5 may be in any arrangement in the direction of hot and cold air flow as long as there is at least one opening for every two joists. For example, as shown in FIG. 12(a) or FIG. 13, they may be in a straight line from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of hot and cold air flow. More preferably, they are arranged in a staggered pattern from the upstream side to the downstream side in the direction of hot and cold air flow, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 or FIG. 4.

The size of the openings 5 need only be large enough to allow hot and cold air to flow from all openings 5 of the chamber section 4 into the narrow vertical space 10 between the joists 2 and the floor material 6. For example, the size may be the same as shown in FIG. 10(a) or FIG. 13, or preferably, the size of the openings 5 should be gradually increased from the upstream side to the downstream side in the flow direction of the hot and cold air from the openings 5, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 9(a), FIG. 14 or FIG. 15.

Next, the arrangement of the openings 5 and the flow of hot and cold air will be described. First, when the openings 5 are linear from the upstream side to the downstream side in the flow direction of the hot and cold air, as shown in FIG. 13(a) or (b), the hot and cold air just blown out from the air conditioner 50 can flow in large quantities into the space 10 where the vertical space between the floor material 6 and the heat shielding material 8 is narrow, so that the hot and cold air with little temperature change can flow into the space 10 from the air conditioner 50. Furthermore, since the hot and cold air flowing in from the openings 5g, 5h, 5k or 5m flows and mixes in the longitudinal direction M of the joists 2, the longitudinal direction N of the joists 3, and the diagonal direction Q, there is an effect that the temperature change of the hot and cold air flowing in the space 10 can be suppressed and the temperature can be made uniform. That is, the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention creates a narrow space 10 in the vertical direction below the floor material 6, and allows hot and cold air blown out from the air conditioner 50 to flow into the space 10 as quickly as possible, so that the hot and cold air mixes throughout the entire space 10, achieving a uniform temperature. Therefore, even if the openings 5 are arranged in a straight line in the direction of the hot and cold air flow, there is a remarkable effect in that the floor material 6 can quickly store heat at a uniform temperature and the room 100 can be quickly cooled or heated.

Next, the flow of hot and cold air in the case of the staggered arrangement, which is a preferred form, will be described. As shown in Figure 1, 3, or 4, the positions of the openings 5a to 5d are arranged in a staggered pattern in the direction of the flow of the hot and cold air. The openings 5a to 5d, which are provided every two joists, are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow of the hot and cold air, that is, in the direction from the upstream side, which is the air conditioner 50 side, to the downstream side. This makes it difficult for a shortage of hot and cold air flow to occur, in which the inflow from the next downstream opening 5b is less than the inflow from the upstream opening 5a because the intervals between the openings 5a to 5d in the flow direction of the hot and cold air are too short, and the difference between the inflow from the downstream opening 5b and the inflow from the upstream opening 5a can be made smaller than in the case of a linear arrangement.

The effect of staggered arrangement will be explained. The chamber 4 may be a long duct with a length L1 of about 100 m, and as shown in FIG. 12(b), the openings 40k, 40m, 40n, and 40p are all branching points of the duct of the chamber 4. Then, the flow rate 34a of hot and cold air up to the opening 40k is separated into a branching inflow 38k to the opening 40k and a flow rate 34b flowing in the direction of the opening 40m, the flow rate 34b of hot and cold air is separated at the opening 40m into a branching inflow 38m and an inflow 34c flowing in the direction of the opening 40n, and the flow rate 34c of hot and cold air is separated at the opening 40n into a branching inflow 38n and a flow rate 34d flowing in the direction of the opening 40p. In this way, the flow rate of hot and cold air flowing into space 10 from openings 40k, 40m, 40n, and 40p decreases the further downstream due to the branching of openings 40k, 40m, 40n, and 40p.

When the openings 40k to 40p are arranged in a straight line as shown in FIG. 12(a), the flow rate 34a decreases toward the downstream side of the chamber 4, and the flow rate 34p decreases significantly, as shown in FIG. 12(b). As a result, the flow rates 38k to 38p of the hot and cold air that branches and flows into the space 10 between the heat shield 8 and the flooring 6 are also larger at the upstream side and smaller at the downstream side, with the amount of decrease increasing toward the downstream side. In this case, a problem occurs in that there is a large difference in temperature between the space 10 near the upstream opening 40k and the space 10 near the downstream opening 40p.

In contrast, when the openings 40g to 40j are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow direction of the hot and cold air as shown in FIG. 11(a), the hot and cold air flow rate 34a up to opening 40g is separated into a branch inflow rate 38d to opening 40g and a flow rate 34b flowing in the direction of opening 40i as shown in FIG. 11(b), and the hot and cold air flow rate 34a is separated at opening 40h into a branch inflow rate 38h and a flow rate 34b flowing in the direction of opening 40j as shown in FIG. 11(c). The hot and cold air flow rate decreases the further downstream due to the branching at each opening 40, but since the spacing between the openings is widened in a straight line in the direction from the upstream side to the downstream side and the number of openings is halved in the straight line, the reduction in the amount of flow separated from the downstream opening 40i or opening 40j can be suppressed compared to when openings 40k to 40p are arranged in a straight line. This reduces the difference between the amount of air flowing into the space 10 from the downstream opening 40i and the amount of air flowing into the space 10 from the upstream opening 40g, thereby reducing the temperature difference in each space 10 near each opening 40g to 40j.

Next, the size of the opening 5 and the flow of hot and cold air will be explained. First, when the openings 5 are the same size as shown in FIG. 10 or FIG. 13, a large amount of hot and cold air just blown out from the air conditioner 50 can flow into the space 10 where the vertical space between the floor material 6 and the heat shielding material 8 is narrow, so that the hot and cold air with little temperature change can flow from the air conditioner 50 into the space 10. Furthermore, since the hot and cold air flowing in from the openings 5g, 5h, 5k or 5m flows and mixes in the longitudinal direction M of the joists 2, the longitudinal direction N of the joists 3 and the diagonal direction Q, the temperature change of the hot and cold air flowing in the space 10 can be suppressed and the temperature can be made uniform. That is, the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention creates a narrow space 10 in the vertical direction under the floor material 6, and allows the hot and cold air blown out from the air conditioner 50 to flow into the space 10 as quickly as possible, so that the hot and cold air mixes throughout the entire space 10, thereby achieving a uniform temperature. Therefore, even if the size of the opening 5 is the same, there is a remarkable effect that the floor material 6 can quickly store heat at a uniform temperature and the room 100 can be quickly cooled or heated.

Next, we will explain the flow of hot and cold air in a preferred embodiment in which the size of the openings 5 increases toward the downstream side. The size of the openings 5 increases from the upstream opening 5a on the air conditioner 50 side to the downstream openings 5b, 5c, or 5d in the flow of hot and cold air. This makes it possible to equalize the flow rate of hot and cold air flowing into the space 10 from the air conditioner 50 between all openings 5a to 5d.

The effect of increasing the opening area from the upstream opening 5a on the air conditioner 50 side to the downstream openings 5b, 5c, and 5d will be explained. Figure 9 shows an example in which the opening area of the openings 40 increases toward the downstream side of the hot and cold air in the chamber 4, from openings 40a, 40b, and 40c, and Figure 10 shows an example in which the opening area of the openings 40f is the same from the upstream side to the downstream side of the hot and cold air in the chamber 4. In addition, the length of the chamber 4 is about 100 m in length L1 in the case of a gymnasium, but in Figures 9 and 10, which are used to explain the openings 40, the number of openings 40 is significantly reduced from the actual number in order to make the explanation easier.

The chamber 4 is a long pipe with a length L1 of approximately 100 m, and when hot and cold air flows, friction loss occurs in the pipe, and the further downstream in the chamber 4, the more pressure loss occurs and the slower the flow rate of the hot and cold air becomes. As a result, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, the flow rate of the hot and cold air is 30 at the upstream end of the chamber 4, but as it flows downstream, it becomes 31, which is slower than flow rate 30, and as it flows further downstream, it becomes 32, which is slower than flow rate 31.

The amount of hot and cold air flowing in from the opening 40 is the area of the opening 40 multiplied by the flow rate of the hot and cold air. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, when the size of the opening 40f is the same, the amount of air flowing in from the downstream opening 40f is less than the amount of air flowing in from the upstream opening 40f, as shown in FIG. 10(b), and the amount of air flowing in from the downstream opening 40f is less than the amount of air flowing in from the downstream opening 40f. In this way, the amount of air flowing in from the space 10 decreases toward the downstream side, which causes a problem that a difference occurs between the temperature of the space 10 near the upstream opening 40f and the temperature of the space 10 near the downstream opening 40f.

In contrast, as shown in FIG. 9, if the opening area is increased toward the downstream side of the chamber 4, for example by increasing the opening area in the order of opening 40a, opening 40b, and opening 40c, as shown in FIG. 9(b), the amount of hot and cold air flowing in from opening 40a on the upstream side of the chamber 4 will be 38, the amount of hot and cold air flowing in from opening 40b on the downstream side will be 38, and the amount of hot and cold air flowing in from all openings 40a to 40c from the upstream to downstream sides will be the same. This makes it possible to uniform the temperature distribution in the space 10 near all of the openings 40a to 40c.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the through-flow opening 9 is an opening that allows hot and cold air to flow from below to above the flooring 6, and is provided on the periphery of the interior of the flooring 6, which corresponds to the other end side of the joist 2 in a plan view.

The hot and cold air that flows down between the floor material 6 and the heat shield plate 8 can be cooled or heated by natural convection or forced convection through the through-flow opening 9. A blower, for example, can be installed as the forced convection means, but natural convection is preferred when considering the ease of maintenance under the floor.

Next, the flow of hot and cold air will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, or FIG. 5, hot and cold air from the air conditioner 50 flows into the chamber 4 in the direction K and then flows in the direction K.

The hot and cold air then flows from the openings 5a to 5d of the heat shield 8 in the chamber 4 into the narrow space 10 between the heat shield 8 and the flooring 6 in the vertical direction, and flows between the joists 2 in the longitudinal direction M of the joists 2. In the space 10, the hot and cold air also flows in the longitudinal direction N and diagonal direction Q of the joists 3. After the hot and cold air convects through the joists 2, joists 3, and flooring 6, it passes through the flooring 6, via multiple through-flow openings 9 provided around the periphery of the room 100, and flows from below to above the flooring 6 into the room 100.

The floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention is characterized in that a heat shield 8 that blocks the flow of hot and cold air in the vertical direction is installed at approximately the same height as the underside of the slats 2, creating a space 10 in which the vertical distance between the heat shield 8 and the floor material 6 is narrow and hot and cold air can mix throughout the entire area, and a large amount of hot and cold air from an air conditioner 50 flows directly and quickly into the space 10 through an opening 5 or 40 provided in the heat shield 8. Another characteristic is that the size or arrangement of the opening 5 or 40 is set so as to suppress the temperature difference in the space 10 near the opening 5 or 40.

When implementing the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention, a heat shield 8 that blocks the flow of hot and cold air in the vertical direction is installed at approximately the same height as the underside of the slats 2, and the structure is such that the hot and cold air mixes throughout the entire area below the floor material 6. In the case of a large room 100 such as a gymnasium, multiple air conditioners 50 must be installed, so the arrangement of the openings 5 that allow the hot and cold air from each air conditioner 50 to flow into the space 10, i.e., whether to arrange them in a straight line or a staggered pattern, and whether to make the size of each opening 5 the same or larger as it moves downstream from the air conditioner 50 side, is determined appropriately according to the size of the place where the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 is installed and the shape in a plan view.

To introduce some examples of the floor radiation convection heating and cooling system 1 of the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, two air conditioners 50 (not shown) are installed on one side of a building structure, and when hot and cold air is introduced into the chamber section 4 from the inlet T1 and the inlet T2 from above or laterally in the room 100, the first opening 40a of each is made smaller than the other openings 40b to 40c, the opening 40b provided on the downstream side is made larger than the opening 40a, and the opening 40c provided further downstream is made larger than the opening 40b. In FIG. 14, the hot and cold air that flows in separately from the two inlets T1 and T2 from the two air conditioners 50 collides downstream of the opening 40c, becomes an updraft, and flows forcefully into the space 10. In addition, the openings 40b and 40c downstream of the opening 40a are arranged in a staggered pattern in the flow of hot and cold air.

As another example of the embodiment of the floor radiant convection heating and cooling system 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, two air conditioners 50 (not shown) are installed on each of the opposing sides of the building structure, and hot and cold air flows into the chamber 4 from the upper or lateral direction of the room 100 through inlets T1, T2, T3, and T4. In this case, too, the openings 40a to 40c for each air conditioner 50 are arranged in a staggered pattern in the direction of the hot and cold air flow, and their sizes gradually increase in the direction of the hot and cold air flow. Then, air collides near the opening 40c at the downstream end of each air conditioner 50, forming an updraft, which flows forcefully into the space 10.

Reference Signs List 1 Floor radiant convection heating and cooling system 2 Joist 3 Joist 4 Chamber 5 Opening 6 Floor material 7 Support 8 Heat shield 9 Flow-through opening 10 Space 15 Underfloor partition 18 Rigid foam molded board or plywood 20 Floor slab 30, 31, 32 Flow velocity 34 Flow rate 38 Inflow amount 40 Opening 50 Air conditioner 100 Indoor

Claims (3)

A plurality of supports suspended above a floor slab;
A plurality of long metal beams supported by the support and arranged in parallel;
A plurality of elongated metal joists are arranged in a row in a direction perpendicular to and parallel to the joists, and abut against the lower surfaces of flooring materials constituting the room to support the flooring materials .
A heat shield plate is installed in the horizontal direction between the joists at a height approximately equal to the height of the lower surface of the joists so as to prevent air from flowing vertically between the joists,
A chamber portion that forms a flow path for hot and cold air from an air conditioner installed in the room is disposed below one end side of the joists, in a direction perpendicular to the joists, and only in the space sandwiched vertically between the joists, the heat shield, and the floor slab;
A floor radiant convection heating and cooling system characterized in that the hot and cold air flowing within the chamber is allowed to flow directly into the space between the sides of the joists through openings provided in the heat shield for each joist along the longitudinal direction of the chamber, and immediately after flowing in, the hot and cold air is allowed to flow between the joists along the longitudinal direction of the joists . The floor radiant convection heating and cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings are arranged in a staggered pattern in the direction of the flow of the hot and cold air. The floor radiant convection heating and cooling system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the size of the openings increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the flow of the hot and cold air.