JP7629840B2 - Planting Unit - Google Patents

Description

This disclosure relates to a planting unit that is installed on a wall.

Retaining walls that resist earth pressure are generally made of concrete and often have a dull appearance. It is particularly desirable to improve the aesthetic appearance of the walls in spaces that are used daily, such as dry areas.
This dry area generally refers to a space created by digging down around the exterior walls of the basement part of a building, and is, for example, defined as "karabori" in Article 22-2 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Act.
One method for improving the aesthetic appearance of a wall surface is to grow plants on the wall surface. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose wall greening units.

JP 2002-335765 A JP 2007-306845 A

However, the wall greening unit of Patent Document 1 is designed so that water flows down inside it, and if it is not installed continuously from the bottom end of the wall, the water will run down the wall and dirty it. Therefore, since it is necessary to install it continuously from the bottom end of the wall, the degree of freedom in design was low.
In addition, the wall greening unit in Patent Document 1 is configured for planting on a vertical surface, which limits the types of plants that can be planted and requires special, unusual methods for maintenance such as replanting, making it difficult to use.

The wall greening unit in Patent Document 2 is constructed simultaneously with the construction of the exterior wall of a building, and water supply and drainage pipes to the wall greening unit are inserted into the exterior wall of the building. Because the wall greening unit is directly connected to the top of this drainage pipe, negative pressure is likely to occur in the drainage pipe, which may hinder drainage due to gravity. In addition, because the entire wall greening unit is buried in the exterior wall of the building, maintenance, including of the drainage system, after construction is completed is difficult.

A normal flower bed with a plantable area located near the bottom of the wall can be maintained by replanting plants in the same way as a conventional flower bed, and there is no need to worry about the wall getting dirty. However, most of the wall is left exposed. This also results in a poor design. Therefore, it is desirable to improve the aesthetic appearance even higher up the wall.

The first objective of this disclosure is to facilitate drainage by gravity in a planting area that is integrated with an earth retaining wall, and to facilitate maintenance of the planting area and the drainage system after the building is completed. The second objective is to maintain the hygiene and beauty of the building environment by preventing contamination from soil particles, etc. that tend to be mixed into the drainage water generated from the planting area, from affecting the earth retaining wall.

The present disclosure solves the above problems by the following solutions. Note that, for ease of understanding, the following explanations are given with reference symbols corresponding to the embodiments of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited to these.

The first disclosure is a planting unit (100) including a planting section (20) that protrudes from the surface of a retaining wall (10) that resists earth pressure and is integral with the surface of the retaining wall (10), a drainage pipe (31) that is provided between the lower part of the planting section (20) and the base of the wall from which the retaining wall (10) rises, and has a space above it, and a mesh member (33) that is provided between the planting space (26) of the planting section (20) and the upper part of the drainage pipe (31) and separates the planting space (26) from the space above the drainage pipe (31).

The second disclosure is a planting unit (100) according to the first disclosure, in which a part of the retaining wall (10) facing the planting space (26) is recessed inwardly of the retaining wall (10) to form an intra-wall space (11), the upper part of the drainage pipe (31) opens toward the intra-wall space (11), and the mesh member (33) is provided at the boundary between the planting space (26) and the intra-wall space (11).

The third disclosure is a planting unit (100) according to the first or second disclosure, in which a filter cover (32) is provided on the upper part of the drain pipe (31).

The fourth disclosure is a planting unit (100) according to any one of the first to third disclosures, in which a part of the retaining wall (10) has a wall groove (12) recessed inwardly of the retaining wall (10), and at least a part of the drainage pipe (31) is provided within the wall groove (12).

The fifth disclosure is a planting unit (100) according to the fourth disclosure, which is provided with a concealing member (34) that covers the wall groove portion (12) and has a surface position that is approximately aligned with the surface of the retaining wall (10).

The sixth disclosure is a planting unit (100) according to the fourth or fifth disclosure, in which the reinforcing bars inside the earth retaining wall (10) in the vicinity of the wall groove portion (12) are spaced more closely than the reinforcing bars in other parts of the earth retaining wall (10).

According to the present disclosure, in a planting area that is integrated with an earth retaining wall, drainage by gravity can be smoothly performed, and maintenance of the planting area and drainage system after the completion of the building can be easily performed. In addition, dirt from soil particles, etc. that tends to be mixed into the drainage water generated from the planting area, can be prevented from affecting the earth retaining wall, thereby maintaining the hygiene and beauty of the building environment.

1 is a perspective view showing an earth retaining wall 10 having a planting unit 100 according to the present disclosure. A front view of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100. This is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 taken along the line AA in Figure 2. This is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 taken along the line BB in Figure 3. This is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 taken along the line CC in Figures 3 and 4. 4 is a diagram showing the arrangement of reinforcing bars within the earth retaining wall 10 in a state similar to the cross section of FIG. 3. 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of reinforcing bars within an earth retaining wall 10 in a state similar to the cross section of FIG. 5 . This is a diagram explaining the arrangement of reinforcing bars within the earth retaining wall 10 as viewed from the front side. 4 is a cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG. 3 showing the manner in which the earth retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 of this embodiment are used.

The best mode for implementing this disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings etc.

(Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an earth retaining wall 10 having a planting unit 100 according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the earth retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100. In Fig. 2, the left half is shown with hidden lines (hidden structures are shown with dashed lines), and the right half is shown without hidden lines.
3 is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 taken along the line indicated by the arrows A--A in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 taken along the line indicated by the arrows B--B in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 taken along the line indicated by arrows CC in FIGS.
Note that the figures shown below, including FIG. 1, are schematic views, and the size and shape of each part are exaggerated or omitted as appropriate for ease of understanding.
In the following description, specific numerical values, shapes, materials, etc. are given, but these can be changed as appropriate.
The description will be given using the directions of up, down, front, back, left, and right as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1. The up-down direction is the vertical direction, the front-rear direction is the horizontal direction perpendicular to the surface 10a of the earth retaining wall 10, and the left-right direction is the horizontal direction perpendicular to the front-rear direction.
In addition, while a person H is shown in Figure 1, this is an example shown to make it easier to understand the shape when in use, and the size ratio of the retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 to the person H is not limited to the ratio in Figure 1.

The earth retaining wall (earth retaining wall) 10 of this embodiment is provided to resist the earth pressure on the back side (opposite side of the surface 10a, S in FIG. 9) of the earth retaining wall 10 in FIG. 1. Note that the size of the earth retaining wall 10 is shown small in each of the figures including FIG. 1, but it may be configured to have a larger wall surface in reality. The front side of the earth retaining wall 10 in FIG. 1 can be a dry area configured, for example, by digging down into the ground.
The retaining wall 10 is made of reinforced concrete with reinforcing bars arranged inside, as described below.

The planting unit 100 has a planting section 20 and a drainage section 30.
The planting section 20 protrudes forward from the surface 10a of the retaining wall 10, and defines a planting space 26 in which plants can be planted and cultivated.
The planting section 20 has a bottom section 21, a front wall section 22, a front descending wall section 23, a side wall section 24, and a side descending wall section 25, and is formed integrally with the surface 10a of the retaining wall 10.

The bottom surface portion 21 extends forward in a plate-like shape from the surface 10a of the retaining wall 10 and forms the bottom surface of the planting space 26.

The front wall 22 extends upward from the front end of the bottom surface 21 in a plate-like shape, forming a wall that blocks the front of the planting space 26. Above the inside (rear surface) of the front wall 22, an upper light 27 is provided extending in the left-right direction. The upper light 27 may be a plurality of point light sources arranged in the left-right direction, or a linear light source extending in the left-right direction.

The front descending wall portion 23 protrudes downward in a plate-like shape from the front end of the bottom surface portion 21, and the front wall portion 22 extends downward. A lower light 28 is provided in the left-right direction below the inside (rear surface) of the front descending wall portion 23. The lower light 28 may be a plurality of point light sources arranged in the left-right direction, or a linear light source extending in the left-right direction.
In particular, when it becomes dark around the planting unit 100 at night, the upper lighting 27 and the lower lighting 28 can be illuminated to create a floating feeling as if the planting section 20 is floating in the air in the darkness.

The side wall portion 24 is provided in a plate shape connecting the left and right ends of the front wall portion 22 to the surface 10a of the retaining wall body 10.
The side descending wall portion 25 is provided in a plate shape connecting the left and right ends of the front descending wall portion 23 to the surface 10a of the earth retaining wall 10, and has a form in which the side wall portion 24 extends downward.
In this embodiment, the side wall portion 24 and the side descending wall portion 25 are provided so as to form an angle of 45 degrees with the front wall portion 22 and the surface 10a of the earth retaining wall body 10. The angle formed by the side wall portion 24 and the side descending wall portion 25 and the front wall portion 22 and the surface 10a of the earth retaining wall body 10 can be set arbitrarily, and may be provided as a curvature or rounded shape instead of an angle.

The areas surrounding the planting space 26, more specifically, the inner surfaces of the bottom portion 21, the front wall portion 22, and the side wall portion 24, and the area facing the planting space 26 on the surface 10a of the retaining wall 10, are treated with a coating waterproofing treatment using a waterproof paint or the like, as necessary.
The planting space 26 is surrounded by a bottom part 21, a front wall part 22, and a side wall part 24, so that the planting space 26 can be filled with soil for cultivation like an ordinary flower bed and plants can be cultivated in the same way as an ordinary flower bed.

In this embodiment, two drainage sections 30 are disposed spaced apart on the left and right sides in one planting space 26. The number of drainage sections 30 may be one, or three or more, and may be appropriately changed and disposed depending on the size of the planting space 26.
The drainage section 30 has an intra-wall space section 11, a wall groove section 12, a connection hole section 13, a drainage pipe 31, a filter cover 32, a mesh member 33, and a concealing member 34.

The intra-wall space 11 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped space formed by recessing a part of the earth-retaining wall 10 facing the planting space 26 toward the inside (rear) of the earth-retaining wall 10. The intra-wall space 11 is open to the front and communicates with the planting space 26. If necessary, the inner surface of the intra-wall space 11 is treated with a waterproof coating by applying a waterproof paint or the like.
By providing the intra-wall space 11, a space is created above the drain pipe 31, which will be described later, and the space is easily opened to atmospheric pressure, promoting the natural flow of drainage water. In addition, during maintenance, an operator can insert his or her hands into the intra-wall space 11, improving maintainability.

The wall groove 12 is located below the wall space 11, and is a groove-like space with a roughly rectangular parallelepiped shape that is recessed inward from the retaining wall 10 and opens forward.

The connection hole 13 is a hole that penetrates in the vertical direction between the lower part of the intra-wall space 11 and the upper part of the wall groove 12, and connects the intra-wall space 11 and the wall groove 12.

The drain pipe 31 is provided extending vertically within the wall groove 12, with its upper portion provided within the connection hole 13, so that drainage water from the planting section 20 can flow downward through the inside of this drain pipe 31. A connection member 31a that opens into a funnel shape to match the shape of the filter cover 32 is provided at the upper portion of the drain pipe 31. Furthermore, the lower portion of the drain pipe 31 extends to the base of the wall where the retaining wall rises, and is bent forward at the lower end so that the drainage water is guided forward.
In this embodiment, the area in front of the retaining wall 10 is a dry area, and a wood deck W (see FIG. 9) is placed on the floor surface as described below. Therefore, the structure is such that wastewater from the drain pipe 31 is poured into a permanent drainage system provided on the floor surface (concrete slab surface) supporting the wood deck W. This simplifies the treatment of wastewater from the drain pipe 31 by utilizing the permanent drainage system that the building originally has. Note that the structure is not limited to the present embodiment in which wastewater from the drain pipe 31 is poured onto the floor surface, and the structure may be such that wastewater is poured into other drain pipes, drainage ditches, etc.

The filter cover 32 is provided on the upper part of the drain pipe 31 and on the lower part of the intra-wall space 11, and functions as a strainer that allows water to flow into the drain pipe 31 while preventing foreign objects, garbage, and the like from entering the drain pipe 31. For the filter cover 32, for example, a member that is commercially available as a roof drain can be used.
The filter cover 32 is detachably attached to the earth-retaining wall body 10. The filter cover 32 may be detachably attached, for example, by screwing, or by fixing a holding member with which the filter cover 32 can be engaged to the earth-retaining wall body 10. Providing the filter cover 32 as a detachable part makes it easier to carry out maintenance work such as cleaning and repair of the intra-wall space 11 and the drain pipe 31.

The mesh member 33 is a member provided between the planting space 26 and the upper part of the drainage pipe 31, and separates the planting space 26 from the space above the drainage pipe 31. More specifically, in this embodiment, the mesh member 33 is provided at the boundary between the planting space 26 and the intra-wall space portion 11.
The mesh member 33 is detachably attached to the earth-retaining wall body 10. The mesh member 33 may be detachably attached, for example, by screwing, or by fixing a holding member with which the mesh member 33 can be engaged to the earth-retaining wall body 10. Providing the mesh member 33 as a detachable member makes it easier to carry out maintenance work such as cleaning and repair of the intra-wall space 11.
The mesh member 33 can be made of, for example, a stainless steel mesh, but may also be made of resin, and the material and shape can be selected as appropriate.

The concealing member 34 is a plate-like member that covers the wall groove portion 12 and has a surface position that is approximately the same as the surface 10a of the earth-retaining wall body 10. The concealing member 34 can be made of, for example, a stainless steel plate, but synthetic resin, metal, inorganic material, etc. can also be used. In addition, it is desirable to apply a surface treatment such as painting, printing, decoration, etc., to the surface of the concealing member 34 so that it is difficult to distinguish from the surface 10a of the earth-retaining wall body 10. The material and surface treatment of the concealing member 34 can be appropriately selected taking into consideration the adjustment of the texture with the earth-retaining wall body, durability, etc., and the material and the method of treating the surface are not limited to those exemplified above.
In this embodiment, the position of the lower end of the concealing member 34 is a position that allows the tip of the drain pipe 31 to be exposed. However, this is not limited to the above embodiment, and the concealing member 34 may be provided close to the floor surface (the bottom surface of the wall groove portion 12) in front of the earth retaining wall 10 without exposing the tip of the drain pipe 31. In this case, it is preferable to provide holes or slits below the concealing member 34 to allow water to flow out.
The concealing member 34 is provided so as to be freely attached and detached to the earth-retaining wall body 10. The configuration for providing the concealing member 34 so as to be freely attached and detached to the earth-retaining wall body 10 may be, for example, screw fastening, or a retaining member with which the concealing member 34 can be engaged may be fixed to the earth-retaining wall body 10. Providing the concealing member 34 so as to be freely attached and detached facilitates maintenance work such as cleaning and repair of the wall groove portion 12 and the drainage pipe 31.

Next, the reinforcement of the steel bars provided within the earth retaining wall 10 will be described.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of reinforcing bars within the earth retaining wall 10 in a state similar to the cross section of FIG.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of reinforcing bars within the earth retaining wall 10 in a state similar to the cross section of FIG.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of reinforcing bars within the earth retaining wall 10 as viewed from the front side, and corresponds to the view from the position indicated by the arrows D-D in FIG.
6 to 8, hatching showing cross sections is omitted because they are diagrams for explaining the arrangement of reinforcing bars. Also, reinforcing bars are originally arranged in the planting area 20, but are not shown.

The retaining wall 10 is required to have sufficient strength to withstand earth pressure, so an appropriate amount of reinforcing bars are arranged. Specifically, at the front of the interior of the retaining wall 10, a front vertical reinforcing bar 51 is arranged vertically, and a front horizontal reinforcing bar 52 is arranged horizontally and tied to the front vertical reinforcing bar 51 with a tie wire (wire). Similarly, at the rear of the interior of the retaining wall 10, a rear vertical reinforcing bar 53 is arranged vertically, and a rear horizontal reinforcing bar 54 is arranged horizontally and tied to the rear vertical reinforcing bar 53 with a tie wire (wire).

However, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, reinforcing bars cannot be arranged in the area where the wall space 11, wall groove 12, and connection hole 13 are provided in order to make these areas space. If reinforcing bars are not arranged, there is a risk of the strength of these areas decreasing.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the reinforcing bars inside the retaining wall 10 in the vicinity of the areas where the wall space 11, the wall groove 12, and the connection hole 13 are provided are arranged more closely spaced apart than the reinforcing bars in other parts of the retaining wall 10.

More specifically, in the vicinity of the portion where the wall space 11, the wall groove 12, and the connection hole 13 are provided, the reinforcing bars 55 are further provided between the rear horizontal reinforcing bars 54. As shown in FIG. 6, the interval at which the rear horizontal reinforcing bars 54 extending horizontally are arranged at a position away from the portion where the wall space 11, the wall groove 12, and the connection hole 13 are provided is P1. Also, the interval at which the rear horizontal reinforcing bars 54 and the reinforcing bars 55 are arranged near the portion where the wall space 11, the wall groove 12, and the connection hole 13 are provided is P2. As shown in FIG. 6, P2=P1/2, and the reinforcing bars are arranged closer together near the portion where the wall space 11, the wall groove 12, and the connection hole 13 are provided than in other portions. In addition, in Figures 6 to 8, in order to make it easier to distinguish between the rear horizontal rebar 54 and the reinforcing bar 55, only the reinforcing bar 55 is painted black or hatched. Therefore, these differences in expression in the figures do not indicate that there is a difference in material, shape, etc. between the rear horizontal rebar 54 and the reinforcing bar 55. The reinforcing bar 55 can be made of the same material as the rear horizontal rebar 54.

The vicinity of the portion where the intra-wall space 11, wall groove 12, and connection hole 13 are provided is designed each time based on the earth pressure that the retaining wall must resist, the size and weight of the planting unit, etc., so it is difficult to give a general numerical definition, but it is generally assumed to be near the rear vertical reinforcing bar over the height from the intra-wall space 11 to the wall groove 12.

In this embodiment, a configuration in which horizontally extending rebars are reinforced is illustrated, but vertically extending rebars may also be reinforced, or both horizontally and vertically extending rebars may be reinforced.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG. 3 showing a usage form of the earth retaining wall 10 and the planting unit 100 of this embodiment.
Soil S exists behind the earth retaining wall 10, and the earth retaining wall 10 resists the earth pressure of the soil S.
Also, the front side of the earth retaining wall 10 can be, for example, a dry area. In the example of Fig. 9, a wood deck W is placed on the floor surface in front of the earth retaining wall 10. The position of the upper surface of the wood deck W can be configured to be the same as or slightly higher than the position of the lower end of the concealing member 34, thereby hiding the drain pipe 31.

In the planting space 26, soil for planting or the like (41 to 45) can be filled up to a position where the upper lighting 27 can be exposed, and then a plant P can be planted.
In the example shown in Figure 9, a root barrier sheet 41, a water retention and drainage panel 42, a permeable sheet 43, cultivation soil 44, and mulch 45 are layered from bottom to top in the above order in the planting space 26.
The planting pattern in the planting space 26 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 9 and can be changed as appropriate depending on the plant P to be planted.
The plant P to be planted may be tall trees, shrubs, grass, etc., but the type is not important. The cultivation soil in which the plant P is grown may be natural soil or artificial soil, and may be appropriately selected based on water retention, strength to hold the plant, environmental safety, etc. Also, if necessary, the surface of the cultivation soil may be mulched to appropriately deal with the occurrence of weeds, evaporation of water, pests, etc.
In addition, permeable sheets, water-retaining and drainage panels, root prevention sheets, etc. may be provided at the bottom of the planting space 26 as appropriate, depending on the plants to be planted and the environment of the installation location.

As described above, the planting unit 100 of this embodiment is provided with the drainage section 30 having the intra-wall space section 11 and the drainage pipe 31, etc., so that the drainage water generated from the planting section 20 can be completely isolated from the earth-retaining wall 10. The planting section 20 can be arranged on the wall surface of the earth-retaining wall 10 away from the floor surface, and the generation of stains such as water stains and muddy water on the surface 10a of the earth-retaining wall 10 can be suppressed, thereby reducing the effort and cost required for maintenance after the completion of the building.
In addition, in the planting unit 100 of this embodiment, the drainage pipe 31 into which the wastewater generated from the planting section 20 flows is stored inside the wall groove section 12, and is further covered by a concealing member 34, making maintenance easier in the event of a breakdown in the drainage system, and also improving the design of the surrounding area and the entire planting unit 100.
Furthermore, in the planting unit 100 of this embodiment, the amount of reinforcing steel within the earth retaining wall 10 is increased near the drainage section 30, so that it is possible to achieve both the original function of the earth retaining wall 10 of safely withstanding earth pressure and the living environment that can coexist with nature provided by the planting unit 100.
In addition, since the planting unit 100 of this embodiment has a filter cover 32 and a mesh member 33, it is possible to prevent planting soil, fallen leaves, etc. that are mixed into the drainage water generated from the planting section 20 from flowing into the building's permanent drainage system.
Furthermore, since the filter cover 32, the mesh member 33, and the concealing member 34 are all removable, the drainage section 30 of the planting unit 100 can be easily maintained even after completion of construction.

(Modifications)
The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and variations are possible, and these are also within the scope of the present disclosure.

In the embodiment, the planting units 100 have been described as being installed on an earth retaining wall 10. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this, and may be configured, for example, so that the planting units are installed in one or more tiers on a wall surface that is close to the living environment of people in civil engineering or architectural structures and has a certain degree of vertical and horizontal expansion. For example, in architectural structures, the planting units may be installed on the outdoor or indoor walls of office buildings, hotels, condominiums, medical and nursing facilities, etc.

10 Retaining wall 10a Surface 11 In-wall space 12 Wall groove 13 Connection hole 20 Planting section 21 Bottom 22 Front wall 23 Front downward wall 24 Side wall 25 Side downward wall 26 Planting space 27 Upper lighting 28 Lower lighting 30 Drainage section 31 Drainage pipe 31a Connection member 32 Filter cover 33 Mesh member 34 Concealment member 41 Root barrier sheet 42 Water retention and drainage panel 43 Permeable sheet 44 Cultivation soil 45 Mulching 51 Front vertical reinforcing bar 52 Front horizontal reinforcing bar 53 Rear vertical reinforcing bar 54 Rear horizontal reinforcing bar 55 Reinforcing bar 100 Planting unit

Claims (6)

A planting portion that protrudes from a surface of the earth retaining wall against earth pressure and is integral with the surface of the earth retaining wall;
A drainage pipe that is provided between a lower portion of the planting portion and a base portion of the wall from which the retaining wall rises, and has a space above the drainage pipe;
A mesh member is provided between the planting space of the planting section and an upper portion of the drainage pipe, and separates the planting space from the space above the drainage pipe;
A planting unit equipped with: The planting unit according to claim 1,
A wall space portion is provided in which a part of the retaining wall body facing the planting space is recessed toward the inside of the retaining wall body,
An upper portion of the drain pipe is open toward the wall space,
The mesh member is a planting unit provided at the boundary between the planting space and the intra-wall space. The planting unit according to claim 1 or 2,
A planting unit in which a filter cover is provided on the upper part of the drainage pipe. In the planting unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A part of the earth retaining wall has a wall groove portion recessed toward the inside of the earth retaining wall,
At least a portion of the drainage pipe is provided within the wall groove portion of the planting unit. The planting unit according to claim 4,
A planting unit that covers the wall groove portion and has a concealing member whose surface position is approximately aligned with the surface of the retaining wall. The planting unit according to claim 4 or 5,
A planting unit in which the reinforcing bars inside the retaining wall near the wall groove are spaced more closely together than the reinforcing bars in other parts of the retaining wall.

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