JP7638818B2 - 焼結助剤混合物、固体イオン伝導体および固体イオン伝導体の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結助剤混合物、固体イオン伝導体および固体イオン伝導体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
以下に、最初に、材料としてGK-LLZOおよびSG-LLZO材料の合成が記載される。引き続き、これらをプレスして焼結体にし、かつ前記焼結体を焼結する。
GK-LLZOの合成を、例えば独国特許発明第102014100684号明細書(DE 10 2014 100 684 B4)に記載されたような溶融方法によって行い、前記明細書はこれによって参照により援用されている。その際に、前記金属カチオンの酸化物をスカルるつぼ中で一緒に溶融させ、かつ均質化した。前記スカルるつぼは、ここでは、水で冷却した垂直な金属管からなっていた。前記出発物質を前記るつぼ中で合一し、このバッチを、十分な導電率が達成されるようにバーナーを用いて予熱した。さらなる加熱を、誘導コイルによる高周波エネルギーの照射で行った。冷却された金属管上に、凝固した溶融物からなる層が形成され、これが前記るつぼ壁を前記の液状の溶融物から隔てていた。それによって、るつぼ材料と溶融物との起こりうる反応を防止することができた。前記バッチを、水冷の撹拌機を用いて均質化した。反応が終了した後に、前記加熱のスイッチを切り、かつ前記溶融物は、前記るつぼ中で塊状ブロックの形で凝固した。
ガラスセラミックルートにより製造した粉末に対する参照材料としてのSG-LLZOの合成を、ゾル-ゲル変法により行った。そのためには、最初に、酸化ジルコニウム前駆体粉末(Zr-VP)を製造した。
焼結助剤ありおよびなしでのGK-LLZOおよびSG-LLZOの導電率を測定し、かつリチウムとの接続実験を実施するために、多様な粉末の焼結体を製造した。そのためには、最初に、未焼結体を空気中で調製した。前記粉末約0.3~0.5gを、円筒状の鋼製プレス型中へ移し、かつ鋼製ピストンをしっかりと押し付けた。引き続き、前記粉末を、定義された力(30kN)で2分間一軸プレスし、その後1200℃で焼結した。
試料調製のために、前記焼結体を上記のように製造し、かつ前記研磨後に、薄い金層(約130nm)を、Leica社の装置を用いて4分間および60mAの電流の強さでスパッタした。適した測定セルへの前記焼結体の組み込みは、アルゴングローブボックス中で行った。
以下に、焼結助剤としてのアルミン酸リチウム(LiAlO2)のゾル-ゲル前駆体の例で、添加された焼結助剤の量への前記導電率の依存と同じように、GK-LLZOおよびSG-LLZOの焼結に必要な焼結温度がどのように低下されるかが示される。
アルミニウムイソプロポキシド(21.20g、0.10mol、1.0当量)(ここではAl2O3用のゾル-ゲルプレカーサーとして使用される)を、酢酸エチル67mL中に分散させ、撹拌しながら、酢酸40mL(41g、0.68mol、6.8当量)に添加した。その際に、乳状白色の懸濁液が得られた。酢酸リチウム二水和物(23.58g、0.23mol、2.57当量)(ここではLi2O用のゾル-ゲルプレカーサーとして使用される)を、エタノール57mL中に溶解させ、撹拌しながら前記懸濁液に添加した。室温で1時間撹拌した。前記懸濁液を蒸発濃縮し、そのゲルを、100℃で約20時間乾燥させた。得られた無色粉末を、微細にすりつぶした。無色粉末が、アルミン酸リチウム(LiAlO2)ゾル-ゲル前駆体として得られた。
焼結添加剤もしくは焼結助剤混合物の作用を調べるために、アルミン酸リチウム(LiAlO2)のゾル-ゲル前駆体を、ゾル-ゲルルートにより製造し、これをそれぞれ15質量%の割合で、GK-LLZOおよびSG-LLZOと合一した。引き続き、前記粉末混合物を前記参考試料に類似して、プレスしてペレットにし、焼結し、かつ電気化学的に調べた。
前記焼結挙動の第1の現象学的キャラクタリゼーションのために、前記LiAlO2ゾル-ゲル前駆体ならびにGK-LLZOとLiAlO2ゾル-ゲル前駆体との混合物およびSG-LLZOとLiAlO2ゾル-ゲル前駆体との混合物をそれぞれ加熱顕微鏡において調べた(図1参照)。詳細には、図1aは、温度に対するLiAlO2ゾル-ゲル前駆体(参照番号102)、GK-LLZO(参照番号101)およびGK-LLZO+15質量%のLiAlO2ゾル-ゲル前駆体(参照番号103)の粉末プレス体の正規化面積のプロットを示し、かつ図1bは、温度に対するLiAlO2ゾル-ゲル前駆体(参照番号202)、SG-LLZO(参照番号201)およびSG-LLZO+15質量%のLiAlO2ゾル-ゲル前駆体(参照番号203)の粉末プレス体の正規化面積のプロットを示す。前記測定装置中に存在している熱電対は、350℃超の温度からはじめて信頼して測定できたので、図1aおよび1bにおける図は、この温度からはじめて開始する。
- 単純に製造されうる焼結助剤
- 前記焼結助剤の添加による焼結温度の低下
- 安価な焼結助剤
- 殊にリチウム系材料の場合に、前記導電率の低下の防止
- 固体電池のより単純な製造。
Claims (10)
- 固体電池用のリチウムイオン伝導体を焼結するための焼結助剤混合物であって、
前記焼結助剤混合物が、少なくとも1種のゾル-ゲルプレカーサーからゾル-ゲルプロセスにより製造されるゾル-ゲル前駆体からなり、かつ前記の少なくとも1種のゾル-ゲルプレカーサーが、アルミニウムおよびリチウムのアルコラートまたは酢酸塩および/または硝酸塩である、前記焼結助剤混合物。 - 前記ゾル-ゲル前駆体が、粉末の形で存在する、請求項1に記載の焼結助剤混合物。
- 前記ゾル-ゲル前駆体が、前記の2種のゾル-ゲルプレカーサーの化学量論的混合物として製造されている、請求項2に記載の焼結助剤混合物。
- 前記酢酸塩が酢酸リチウムである、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の焼結助剤混合物。
- 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の焼結助剤混合物を含む、リチウムイオン伝導体。
- 酸化リチウム-ランタン-ジルコニウムおよび/またはリン酸リチウム-アルミニウム-チタンを含む、請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン伝導体。
- 前記焼結助剤混合物が、前記リチウムイオン伝導体に、多くとも15質量%の割合で添加されている、請求項5または6に記載のリチウムイオン伝導体。
- 固体電池用のリチウムイオン伝導体を製造する方法であって、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の焼結助剤混合物を使用する焼結方法を含む、前記方法。
- 前記焼結方法を、焼結助剤不含の変法に比べて少なくとも20℃低下されている温度で実施する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 固体電池用のリチウムイオン伝導体を焼結する際の焼結温度を1100℃未満に低下させるための、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の焼結助剤混合物の使用。
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