JP7647486B2 - Hoisting machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a hoist that lifts or lowers an object along a slope by winding and sending out a linear member such as a wire rope, and in particular to a hoist that has a structure that prevents the wire rope or other linear member from becoming unbalanced when being wound.

For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a ship lifting device equipped with a hoist may be used to raise a platform carrying a ship along a slope from a body of water such as the sea, a lake, or a river to land, or conversely, to lower a platform carrying a ship along a slope from land to a body of water.

In such ship lifting devices, when a wire rope is attached to the platform on which the ship is placed and the platform is raised by winding the wire rope with a hoist, there is a risk that the wire rope may become irregularly wound around the drum of the hoist, making it difficult for the drum of the hoist to rotate, or causing other problems.

As a measure against irregular winding of linear members such as wire ropes, for example, the cable winding device in Patent Document 2 shows a configuration with an anti-sway member that reduces the occurrence of irregular winding, in which the wire bends in the axial direction of the drum, goes beyond the disk parts at both ends of the drum, and is wound off-center in the direction of the drum's rotation center axis.

JP 2005-263128 A Patent No. 5986691 Publication

However, as shown in FIG. 8 of Patent Document 2, the anti-vibration member of the cable winding device adjusts the angle of the inclined line that extends toward the axial center of the drum while touching the surface of the central line of the cable, relative to the central line of the cable that is perpendicular to the axis of the drum at the axial center of the drum, by displacing the position of the anti-vibration member. Accordingly, it is said that the anti-vibration member of Patent Document 2 is more effective because the angle of the inclined line increases the longer the distance from the rotation center line of the drum (synonymous with the central line of the cable described above) (paragraph "0057" of Patent Document 2).

On the other hand, in a hoist 1 that displaces an object D (e.g., the platform 102 of a ship lifting device 100) by winding up a linear member 20 such as a wire cable, when the object D located on a slope is wound up from a position lower than the drum 4, the angle R1 of the line L2 extending from the winding start end P of the linear member 20 on the drum 4 to the object D will naturally be larger than the line L1 extending horizontally from the winding start end P of the linear member 20 on the drum 4, as shown by the solid line in Figure 6 of the present application. Therefore, the portion of the linear member 20 on the drum 4 at the start of winding and pulling out can be restricted to the drum 4 side. Therefore, as shown by the dashed line in Figure 6 of the present application, when the angle R2 of the line L3 extending from the winding start end P of the linear member 20 on the drum 4 to the object D with respect to the line L1 is small, it is possible to eliminate the problem of the linear member 20 trying to wind around the drum 4 at a desired position without using the idea of adjusting the angle R3 of the line L4 with respect to the line L1 by arranging a device X at a position slightly away from the drum 4, such as the anti-sway member in Patent Document 2, as shown by the two-dot chain line in Figure 6 of the present application.

However, in a hoist 1 that raises or lowers an object D along a slope by winding up a linear member 20 such as a wire rope, for example, when the rotation speed of the drum 4 is set relatively fast, even if the angle R1 of the line L2 extending from the winding start end P of the linear member 20 on the drum 4 to the object D relative to the L1 is large, as described above, a problem occurs in that when the linear member 20 is wound up, the linear member 20 gets caught between the axial side end of the drum 4 and the support of the structure such as a case that supports the drum 4, resulting in irregular winding.

The present invention was made to solve these problems, and its main objective is to provide a hoist that prevents the linear member from becoming unbalanced while providing the function of lifting or lowering an object along a slope by winding up a linear member such as a wire rope.

In order to achieve the above object, the hoist of the present invention is configured to include a structure having at least a pair of upright supports, and a drum pivotally supported by the pair of supports and around which a linear member is wound, an object is connected to the tip end of the linear member, and the linear member is wound onto the drum and fed out by the rotation of the drum, thereby displacing the object along a slope in a direction toward or away from the drum. In this hoist, first and second upright guide members for restricting movement of the linear member in the axial direction of the drum are provided in a direction in which the linear member is wound up relative to the drum as a device for preventing irregular winding of the linear member. A third guide member in a horizontal shape is provided near the drum on the side where the linear member is wound around the drum, and is for restricting the radial movement of the linear member around the drum. The third guide member is bridged between the pair of supports of the structure so as to be closer to the radial center of the drum than the first and second guide members on the side where the linear member starts to be wound around the drum, and the first and second guide members are attached to mounting portions protruding in the radial direction of the third guide member from cylindrical members respectively fitted around shaft members constituting the third guide member, so that each of the cylindrical members can rotate around the shaft member . The structure may correspond to various objects such as a shaft support portion for supporting the drum and a housing for accommodating a specific device or member of the hoist. The linear member is, for example, a wire rope, a cable, etc. The target is, for example, a platform on which a barge can be placed and moved. The connection with the target may be a connection with a movable pulley interposed therebetween. The start side of winding the linear member on the drum may be the side above the drum (top winding) or the side below the drum (bottom winding). The first guide member, the second guide member, and the third guide member are all located near the drum, and are set on the outer periphery (three directions: left, right, and top with respect to the drum) of the movement (winding and letting out) range of the wire rope.

As a result, when the drum is rotated and the linear member is wound onto the drum, the portion of the linear member at the start of winding on the drum moves in the radial direction of the drum, and is prevented from moving in the radial direction away from the drum by the third guide member of the irregular winding prevention device, which is installed between a pair of supports of the structure and is located on the outer periphery of the range of movement of the linear member when wound onto and sent off from the drum. And when the linear member moves in the axial direction of the drum when wound onto the drum, it is prevented from moving outward beyond the axial end of the drum by the first and second guide members of the irregular winding prevention device, which are installed near the drum on the side of the drum that is the winding direction of the linear member and are located on the outer periphery of the range of movement of the linear member when wound onto and sent off from the drum.

The cylindrical member to which the first guide member is attached and the cylindrical member to which the second guide member is attached each rotate about the shaft member as a rotation axis, so that the second guide member can rotate individually. This makes it possible to rotate the first and second guide members so that their ends face upward, opening the sides of the drum in the winding direction of the linear member.

As described above, with the hoist of the present invention, when the drum is rotated to wind the linear member onto the drum, the portion of the linear member at the start of winding on the drum moves in the radial direction of the drum. This movement away from the drum can be prevented by the third guide member of the irregular winding prevention device installed between a pair of supports of the structure, and when the linear member moves in the axial direction of the drum as it is wound onto the drum, it can be prevented from moving outward beyond the axial end of the drum by the first and second guide members of the irregular winding prevention device installed near the drum on the side of the drum in the winding direction of the linear member.

Furthermore, if the first and second guide members get in the way when performing maintenance or other work on the wire rope of the hoisting machine, the first and second guide members can be rotated so that their ends face upward, leaving the side of the drum in the winding direction of the linear member open, thereby improving work efficiency.

1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a ship lifting device equipped with a hoist to which the present invention is applied. 1A is a front view showing an outline of an example of a hoist to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the drum of the hoist and the first, second and third guide members that regulate the movement of a linear member. 1 is a plan view showing an outline of an example of a hoist to which the present invention is applied. 4 is an enlarged view for illustrating an outline of the configurations of a first guide member, a second guide member, and a third guide member that regulate the movement of a linear member. FIG. 13 is a top view showing an outline of a state in which the first and second guide members that regulate the movement of the linear member are rotated around the third guide member so that their ends face upward. FIG. This is a schematic diagram showing that in a hoist to which the present invention is applied, it is not necessary to place a device for preventing irregular winding at a position away from the drum in order to adjust the angle from the winding start end of the drum to the platform so that it is relatively large with respect to a horizontal reference line.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

Figures 1 to 5 show an example of a hoist 1 to which the present invention is applied and a ship lifting device 100 equipped with this hoist 1.

As shown in Fig. 1, the ship lifting device 100 is composed of at least a platform 102 placed on two rails 101, 101, a hoist 1, and a linear member 20 such as a wire rope that connects the platform 102 and the hoist 1. A part of the platform 102 is shown in Fig. 1. As shown by the dashed line in Fig. 1, the platform 102 is a platform on which a ship 103 such as a barge can be placed. The platform 102 has wheels (not shown), and by rolling on the rails 101, 101, the platform 102 can be displaced along the longitudinal direction of the rails 101, 101 in a direction toward or away from the drum 4 of the hoist 1, which will be described below.

The ship lifting device 100 is a device for vertically displacing (raising and lowering) the slope of the platform 102 carrying the ship 103 using the hoist 1, and is used to raise an object located below the hoist 1 up to the vicinity of the hoist 1. In addition, although not shown, it can also be used as a device for sending the platform 102 carrying the ship 103 above the hoist 1. However, for the sake of convenience, the present invention will be described on the premise that the hoist 1 is used to raise the platform 102 up to the vicinity of the hoist 1, and differences in configuration, etc. when used to send the platform 102 above the hoist 1 will be mentioned as necessary.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 5, the hoist 1 is composed of a structure 2 having a pair of upright supports 3, 3, a drum 4 that is journalled on the supports 3, 3 and on which the linear member 20 is wound and for sending out the linear member 20, and a base 5. Although not shown, the structure 2 is equipped with tools and devices necessary for rotating and stopping the drum 4 to wind and send out the linear member 20, such as a motor for rotating the drum 4, a stopper for stopping the rotation of the drum 4, and bearings for the drum 4.

As shown in FIG. 2(a), for example, the supports 3, 3 are located on both sides of the drum 4 in the axial direction and support the shafts 41, 41 of the drum 4 so that the drum 4 can rotate. In this embodiment, they are configured to stand upright from the base 5. Note that a circular or arc-shaped protective cover is often formed on the surface of the support 3 facing the drum 4, on the radial outside of the drum 4 around which the linear member 20 is wound. However, since this makes it difficult to see the space S between the axial end of the drum 4 and the support 3, the protective cover is omitted in the illustration in this case for convenience.

As shown in the schematic diagram of the front view of the hoist in FIG. 2(a) and the schematic diagram of the drum 4 and the irregular winding prevention device 21 described later in FIG. 2(b), the drum 4 has a cylindrical winding portion 42 with a uniform outer diameter from one end to the other end in the axial direction, and flanges 43, 43 are formed at both axial ends of the linear member 20 protruding radially outward from the winding portion 42. However, the winding portion 42 may also be columnar in shape with an outer diameter that gradually decreases from the axial end toward the center, although this is not shown.

The hoist 1 is equipped with a random winding prevention device 21 that is composed of at least a guide member 22 that is laid horizontally between the supports 3, 3, and guide members 25, 26 that are connected at one end to the guide member 22, so that random winding of the linear member 20 does not occur due to high speed rotation of the drum 4 when the linear member 20 is wound around the drum 4. The guide members 22, 25, 26 are made of a metal such as steel.

In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 4, the guide member 22 is configured to have three cylindrical tube members 221, 222, 223 with both ends open, and a cylindrical shaft member 224 inserted into the axially aligned tube members 221, 222, 223. In this embodiment, both ends of the shaft member 224 are threaded, allowing a fastener 27, such as a nut, whose inner surface is threaded, to be screwed into the shaft member 224. As a result, the guide member 22 is attached to the supports 3, 3 by inserting the shaft member 224 into the tube members 221, 222, 223 arranged between the supports 3, 3, and then fastening the fastener 23 on the portion of the shaft member 224 protruding outward from the support 3. However, in this embodiment, the tubular members 221 and 223 rotate around the shaft member 224 as described below, so the tightening by the fastener 23 must be such that the tubular members 221 and 223 do not come into close contact with the tubular member 222 or the support 3.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the guide member 25 is configured to have a cylindrical main body 251 with both ends open, a tip portion 252 that is arranged closer to the other end (tip side) of the guide member 25 than the main body 251 and has a screw hole (not shown) opening on the main body 251 side, and a columnar core member 253 that is inserted into the main body 251 from one end (base end) of the guide member 25 and whose tip reaches the screw hole of the tip portion 252. The main body 251 occupies most of the outer shape of the guide member 25. The tip portion 252 has a large diameter portion 252a with the same outer diameter as the main body 251 and a small diameter portion 252b with an outer diameter smaller than that of the main body 251. 2 and 4, the guide member 25 is in an upright shape with the side opposite to the tip 252 of the main body 251 facing directly upward or nearly upward (the side opposite to the upper surface of the base 5) and the small diameter portion 252b of the tip 252 facing directly downward or nearly downward (the upper surface side of the base 5) at least when the drum 4 is rotated to wind or pull out the linear member 20. That is, the guide member 25 is in an upright shape extending vertically or nearly vertically from one end side to the other end side in the axial direction so as to intersect with the linear member 20 being wound or pulled out at least when the drum 4 is rotated to wind or pull out the linear member 20. In this embodiment, both end portions of the core member 253 are threaded, and the upper end side can be screwed with a fastener 27 having a threaded inner surface such as a nut, and the lower end side can be screwed with the tip 252. In this embodiment, the main body 251 is fitted to the core member 253 inserted into a through hole (not shown) of a thin plate-like mounting portion 221a protruding from the cylindrical member 221 of the guide member 22 in the radial direction of the cylindrical member 221, and then the tip portion 252 is screwed to the tip of the core member 253. The fastener 27 is fitted to the core member 253 protruding from the mounting portion 221a on the opposite side of the main body 251 and fastened to the core member 253. The main body 251 may be cylindrical and rotatable around the core member 253. As a result, even if the linear member 20 hits the side of the main body 251 of the guide member 25, the main body 251 rotates, so that the impact of the linear member 20 on the main body 251 is mitigated.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the guide member 26 is configured to have a cylindrical main body 261 with both ends open, a tip portion 262 arranged closer to the other end (tip side) of the guide member 26 than the main body 261 and having a screw hole (not shown) opening on the main body 261 side, and a columnar core member 263 inserted from one end (base end) of the guide member 26 into the main body 261 and having a tip reaching the screw hole of the tip portion 262. The main body 261 occupies most of the outer shape of the guide member 26. The tip portion 262 has a large diameter portion 262a with the same outer diameter as the main body 261 and a small diameter portion 262b with an outer diameter smaller than that of the main body 261. 2 and 4, the guide member 26 is in an upright shape with the side opposite to the tip 262 of the main body 261 facing directly upward or nearly upward (the side opposite to the upper surface of the base 5) and the small diameter portion 262b of the tip 262 facing directly downward or nearly downward (the upper surface side of the base 5) at least when the drum 4 is rotated to wind or pull out the linear member 20. That is, the guide member 26 is in an upright shape extending vertically or nearly vertically from one end side to the other end side in the axial direction so as to intersect with the linear member 20 being wound or pulled out at least when the drum 4 is rotated to wind or pull out the linear member 20. In this embodiment, both end portions of the core member 263 are threaded, and the upper end side can be screwed with a fastener 27 having a threaded inner surface such as a nut, and the lower end side can be screwed with the tip 262. In this embodiment, the main body 261 is fitted to the core member 263 inserted into a through hole (not shown) of a thin plate-like mounting portion 223a protruding from the cylindrical member 223 of the guide member 22 in the radial direction of the cylindrical member 223, and then the tip portion 262 is screwed to the tip of the core member 263, and the fastener 27 is fitted to the portion protruding from the mounting portion 223a of the core member 263 on the opposite side to the main body 261 and fastened, thereby attaching the guide member 26 to the guide member 22. The main body 261 may have a cylindrical core member 262 that can rotate around the core member 262. As a result, even if the linear member 20 hits the side of the main body 261 of the guide member 26, the main body 261 rotates, so that the impact of the linear member 20 on the main body 261 is mitigated.

In this type of irregular winding prevention device 21, the guide member 22 is located closer to the center in the radial direction of the drum 4 than the upper ends of the guide members 25, 26, which are in an upright position in the vertical direction, as shown in Figure 4. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 2(b) and 3, the guide member 22 is located above a line that extends diagonally downward from the uppermost winding start end of the linear member 20, which is wound in multiple layers around the winding portion 42 of the drum 4 and has a top winding start end.

When the guide members 25, 26 are erected in the vertical direction as shown in Figures 3 and 4, they are arranged so that they are close to the drum 4 in the winding direction of the linear member 20, and the space S between the axial end of the drum 4 and the support body 3 is hidden by the guide members 25, 26 when the drum 4 is viewed from the winding direction of the linear member 20 as shown in Figures 2 and 4. The arrangement of the guide members 25, 26 close to the drum 4 means, for example, an arrangement in which the linear member 20 does not enter the gap S between the guide members 25, 26 and the axial end of the drum 4.

As a result, guide member 22 and guide members 25 and 26 are all positioned near drum 4, and as shown in FIG. 2(b), are set on the outer periphery of the movement (winding and unwinding) range of linear member 20 (three directions: left, right, and up relative to drum 4).

Therefore, the guide member 22 can hold the line from the winding start end of the linear member 20 from above to prevent the linear member 20 from moving radially outward relative to the winding portion 42 of the drum 4, and when the linear member 20 moves axially relative to the winding portion 42 of the drum 4, it can be restricted from moving beyond the axial end of the drum 4 by hitting the guide members 25, 26. Therefore, it is possible to prevent irregular winding even when the winding speed of the drum 4 is high.

When the platform 102 carrying the ship 103 is sent out above the hoist 1, the winding start end of the linear member 20 is below the drum 4, and although not shown, the guide member 22 is laid horizontally on the supports 3, 3 below the drum 4, and the guide members 25, 26 are arranged to stand upright from the guide member 22 when trying to prevent turbulent winding.

In this invention, by rotating the cylindrical members 221 and 223 of the guide member 22 around the shaft member 224, the guide members 25 and 26 attached to the mounting portions 221a and 223a of the cylindrical members 221 and 223 can also be rotated around the shaft member 224. Therefore, when performing maintenance or other work on the linear member 20 of the hoist 1, if the guide members 25 and 26 are an obstacle, as shown in FIG. 5, the guide members 25 and 26 can be rotated so that the tip portions 252 and 262 face upward, respectively, to open the side of the linear member 20 in the winding direction relative to the drum 4, thereby improving the efficiency of the work.

In this way, the guide members 25, 26 are rotatable around the shaft member 224 of the guide member 22 as the center of rotation, and in order to prevent the guide members 25, 26 from rotating inadvertently, a rotation restriction rod 28 that restricts the rotation of the guide members 25, 26 is installed between the supports 3, 3. In this embodiment, the rotation restriction rod 28 is linear and has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the guide member 22, and the rotation of the guide members 25, 26 is restricted by the small diameter portions 252a, 262b of the tips 252, 262 of the guide members 25, 26 hitting the rotation restriction rod 28. When the small diameter portions 252a, 262b of the tips 252, 262 hit the rotation restriction rod 28, the guide members 25, 26 are in an upright state extending vertically or in a shape close to that as described above.

1 Hoist 2 Structure 3 Support 4 Drum 20 Linear member 21 Disorderly winding prevention device 22 Guide member (third guide member)
221, 223: Cylinder member 221a, 223a: Mounting portion 224: Shaft member 25: Guide member (first guide member)
26 Guide member (second guide member)

Claims (1)

A hoisting machine including a structure having at least a pair of upright supports and a drum pivotally supported by the pair of supports and wound with a linear member, an object is connected to a tip end of the linear member, and the linear member is wound on the drum by rotation of the drum, thereby displacing the object along a slope in a direction toward or away from the drum,
As the device for preventing irregular winding of the linear member,
a first guide member and a second guide member each having a vertical shape for restricting movement of the linear member in an axial direction of the drum are provided near the drum on a side of the drum in a winding direction of the linear member;
a third guide member arranged to be laid horizontally on the drum so as to restrict radial movement of the linear member, the third guide member being laid across the pair of supports of the structure on the start side of winding the linear member onto the drum, the third guide member being closer to the radial center of the drum than the first and second guide members ;
A hoist characterized in that the first and second guide members are attached to mounting portions protruding radially from tubular members respectively fitted around an axis member constituting the third guide member, so that each of the tubular members can rotate around the axis member as a center of rotation .

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