JP7650692B2 - Crusher, waste treatment system, method for modifying crusher, and method for treating waste - Google Patents

Description

This disclosure relates to a crusher, a waste treatment system, a method for modifying a crusher, and a method for treating waste.

Metal resources are recovered from waste such as shredder dust, automobile shredder dust, and urban garbage, and waste plastics are used in factories (e.g., cement kilns) as an alternative to fossil fuels, reducing the burden on the environment and making effective use of waste. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a waste-to-fuel facility that includes a hammer mill-type shredder that solidifies waste into a specified size, and a magnetic separator that separates the waste units discharged from the shredder into ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 9-235576

This disclosure describes a crusher, a waste treatment system, a method for modifying a crusher, and a waste treatment method that can treat waste more efficiently.

One example of a crusher includes a crushing chamber configured to crush waste materials fed therein by a crushing tool, a first discharge outlet provided below the crushing chamber, a screen arranged between the crushing tool and the first discharge outlet and configured to allow fragments crushed by the crushing tool to pass through, a foreign object discharge path communicating with the crushing chamber, a second discharge outlet provided below the foreign object discharge path, a gate arranged between the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path and configured to be able to open and close between an open state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path are connected and a closed state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path are closed, and a blocking member arranged to at least partially block a gap between the gate and a side wall of the crushing chamber or the side wall of the foreign object discharge path in the closed state.

The crusher, waste treatment system, crusher modification method, and waste treatment method disclosed herein make it possible to treat waste more efficiently.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a waste treatment system. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of an example of a crusher. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the crusher taken along line III-III in FIG. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the crusher taken along line IV-IV or line VV in FIG.

In the following description, the same elements or elements with the same functions will be designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions will be omitted. In this specification, when referring to the top, bottom, right, and left of a figure, the reference numerals in the figure will be used as the reference.

[Configuration of waste treatment system]
First, an example of the configuration of a waste treatment system 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The waste treatment system 1 is configured to treat waste W such as shredder dust, automobile shredder dust, and urban waste, recover metals M from the waste W, and store waste plastics P as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels. The waste treatment system 1 includes a feeder 2, a crusher 10, transport units Cv1 to Cv3, a sorter 3, storage units 4 and 5, a supply unit 6, and a controller Ctr (control unit).

The feeder 2 is configured to operate based on a control signal from the controller Ctr and transport and feed waste W from a supply source (not shown) to the crusher 10. The feeder 2 may be, for example, a vibrating feeder.

The crusher 10 is configured to operate based on a control signal from the controller Ctr and crush the waste W fed by the feeder 2. The crusher 10 may be, for example, a rotary hammer type crusher. In this case, the crusher 10 may be of a horizontal type (where the rotation axis of the hammer extends horizontally) or a vertical type (where the rotation axis of the hammer extends vertically). Details of the crusher 10 will be described later.

The conveying units Cv1 and Cv2 are configured to operate based on a control signal from the controller Ctr and convey the discharged material D (e.g., waste plastics P, metals M, or a mixture thereof) discharged from the crusher 10 downstream. The conveying units Cv1 and Cv2 may be, for example, a vibration conveyor or a belt conveyor.

The sorting machine 3 is configured to operate based on a control signal from the controller Ctr and to sort metals M (e.g., iron, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, etc.) from the discharge D being transported in the transport section Cv2. The sorting machine 3 is configured to store the metals M sorted from the discharge D in the storage section 4. The sorting machine 3 may be, for example, a magnetic sorting machine using a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, or a sorting machine using eddy currents. Note that the waste plastics P after the metals M are separated from the discharge D by the sorting machine 3 may fall, for example, from the downstream end of the transport section Cv2 to the transport section Cv3.

The conveying unit Cv3 operates based on a control signal from the controller Ctr and is configured to convey the waste plastics P after the metals M have been separated from the discharged material D by the sorting machine 3. The conveying unit Cv3 may be, for example, a vibration conveyor or a belt conveyor.

The storage unit 5 is configured to store the waste plastics P transported by the transport unit Cv3. The supply unit 6 operates based on a control signal from the controller Ctr and is configured to supply the waste plastics P stored in the storage unit 5 to a facility 100 separate from the waste treatment system 1. The separate facility 100 uses the supplied waste plastics P as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels. The separate facility 100 may be, for example, a kiln in a cement manufacturing apparatus.

The controller Ctr is configured to generate signals for operating each part of the waste treatment system 1 based on, for example, a program recorded on a recording medium (not shown) or operation input from an operator. The controller Ctr is configured to transmit the generated signals to each part of the waste treatment system 1.

[Configuration of the crusher]
Next, an example of the configuration of the crusher 10 will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 5. As shown in Figure 2, the crusher 10 includes a crushing chamber 20, a rotary hammer 30 (crushing tool), a screen 40, a foreign object discharge path 50, a gate 60, a blocking member 70, and a sensor SE.

The crushing chamber 20 includes a pair of side walls 21 (side walls of the crushing chamber), an upper wall 22, and an end wall 23. The pair of side walls 21 are arranged to face each other in the horizontal direction. The upper wall 22 extends to connect the upper ends of the pair of side walls 21. The end wall 23 extends to connect the side ends of the pair of side walls 21.

The crushing chamber 20 includes an inlet 20a and an outlet 20b (first outlet). The inlet 20a is provided in the upper part (upper wall 22) of the crushing chamber 20 and communicates with the interior of the crushing chamber 20. The inlet 20a is an inlet through which the waste W is introduced from the feeder 2. The outlet 20b is provided in the lower part of the crushing chamber 20 and communicates with the interior of the crushing chamber 20. The outlet 20b is an outlet through which the waste W crushed by the crusher 10 is discharged. The lower part of the crushing chamber 20 may have a shape that narrows as it approaches the outlet 20b (as it moves downward), as illustrated in FIG. 2.

The rotary hammer 30 includes a rotary shaft 31, a rotor 32, and a number of hammers 33. The rotary shaft 31 extends horizontally and is rotatably attached to the pair of side walls 21. A power source (not shown) is connected to the rotary shaft 31. The rotary shaft 31 rotates when the power source operates based on a control signal from the controller Ctr.

The rotor 32 has a tubular (e.g., cylindrical) shape and extends along the longitudinal direction of the rotating shaft 31. The rotor 32 is fixed to the rotating shaft 31 while being inserted through the rotating shaft 31. Therefore, the rotor 32 rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the rotating shaft 31.

The multiple hammers 33 are attached to the rotor 32 so as to protrude radially outward from the circumferential surface of the rotor 32. The multiple hammers 33 rotate as the rotor 32 rotates, and the impact of the multiple hammers 33 colliding with the waste W causes the waste W to be broken into pieces smaller than its original size. A hammer group consisting of a predetermined number (e.g., six) of hammers 33 arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32 is arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotor 32, and multiple hammer groups may be arranged at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction of the rotor 32.

The screen 40 is disposed between the rotary hammer 30 and the discharge port 20b in the crushing chamber 20. The screen 40 is positioned below the rotary hammer 30 at a predetermined distance from the tip of the hammer 33 to avoid contact with the hammer 33. In other words, the space V1 surrounded by the screen 40, the side wall 21, the top wall 22, and the end wall 23 functions as a crushing space in which the waste W is crushed.

The screen 40 is, for example, a plate-like body, and is curved in a shape corresponding to the rotation trajectory of the tip of the hammer 33. The screen 40 is provided with a plurality of through holes 40a. The through holes 40a may be, for example, rectangular in shape, about 35 mm x 70 mm. When the size of the waste W crushed by the rotary hammer 30 in the crushing chamber 20 becomes equal to or smaller than the through holes 40a, the pieces of the waste W fall through the through holes 40a and drop into the conveying section Cv1 through the discharge port 20b. In other words, the waste W cannot pass through the screen 40 until it becomes equal to or smaller than the through holes 40a by the rotary hammer 30, and remains in the crushing chamber 20 (in the space V1).

The foreign object discharge passage 50 is a passage for discharging foreign objects in the crushing chamber 20 (in the space V1) from the crusher 10 by bypassing the screen 40. Examples of such foreign objects include large metal pieces that are difficult to crush with the rotary hammer 30.

The foreign object discharge passage 50 includes a pair of side walls 51 (side walls of the foreign object discharge passage), an outer end wall 52, and an inner end wall 53. The pair of side walls 51 are arranged to face each other in the horizontal direction. The side walls 51 and the side walls 21 may be made of a single member and have no seams, or may be made of different members joined together.

The outer end wall 52 extends horizontally from the end of the upper wall 22, bends, and then extends downward. The outer end wall 52 is disposed between the pair of side walls 51 so as to connect the outer edges of the pair of side walls 51. The inner end wall 53 extends horizontally from the inner end of the screen 40 (the end on the foreign matter discharge passage 50 side), bends, and then extends downward. The inner end wall 53 is disposed between the pair of side walls 51 so as to connect the inner edges (on the crushing chamber 20 side) of the pair of side walls 51.

In other words, the foreign object discharge passage 50 has a generally L-shape when viewed from the side. The upper end of the foreign object discharge passage 50 is connected to the crushing chamber 20. That is, the inside of the foreign object discharge passage 50 is connected to the inside of the crushing chamber 20.

The foreign matter discharge passage 50 includes a discharge port 50a (second discharge port). The discharge port 50a is provided at the lower part of the foreign matter discharge passage 50 and is connected to the inside of the foreign matter discharge passage 50. The discharge port 50a is an outlet through which foreign matter (e.g., relatively large waste W that could not pass through the screen 40 in the crushing chamber 20) is discharged. The lower part of the foreign matter discharge passage 50 may have a shape that narrows as it approaches the discharge port 50a (as it moves downward), as exemplified in FIG. 2.

The gate 60 is disposed in the crusher 10 in or near the space V2 at the boundary between the crushing chamber 20 and the foreign object discharge path 50. The gate 60 includes a rotating shaft 61 and a gate body 62.

The rotating shaft 61 extends horizontally and is rotatably attached to the pair of side walls 21 and/or the pair of side walls 51. A power source (not shown) is connected to the rotating shaft 61. The rotating shaft 61 rotates when the power source operates based on a control signal from the controller Ctr. Note that the pair of side walls 21 and the pair of side walls 51 both form side walls of the housing of the crusher 10, and therefore, hereinafter, the side walls 21 and 51 will be collectively referred to as "side walls SW."

3 and 4, the gate body 62 extends between the pair of side walls SW along the extension direction (horizontal direction) of the pivot shaft 61. The gate body 62 includes an upper end 62a (distal portion) to which the pivot shaft 61 is fixed, and a lower end 62b (proximal portion). Therefore, the gate body 62 pivots (swings) about the pivot shaft 61 between an open state in which the crushing chamber 20 and the foreign matter discharge path 50 are connected (see the gate body 62 shown by the dashed line in FIG. 2) and a closed state in which the crushing chamber 20 and the foreign matter discharge path 50 are closed (see the gate body 62 shown by the solid line in FIG. 2). That is, the gate 60 is configured such that the gate body 62 can be opened and closed between the open state and the closed state.

As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the side edge of the gate body 62 is spaced apart from the side wall SW. The distance L1 (see Figure 4) between the side edge of the gate body 62 and the side wall SW may be, for example, about 20 cm to 40 cm.

In the closed state, the gate body 62 extends vertically between the upper portion of the upper wall 22 and/or the outer end wall 52 and the inner end 40b of the screen 40, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. In the closed state, the gate body 62 may be curved so as to extend in continuation with the curvature of the screen 40 when viewed from the side, as shown in Fig. 2. In this case, the gate body 62 may be curved so that the upper end 62a is farther away from the rotary hammer 30 than the lower end 62b. For example, as shown in Fig. 2, the gate body 62 may be curved so that it is farther away from the rotary hammer 30 from the lower end 62b toward the upper end 62a.

The blocking member 70 is arranged to block the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW in the closed state. As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the blocking member 70 may be configured to completely block the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW in the closed state. The blocking member 70 may be a plate-shaped member of about 10 mm to 20 mm. If the gate body 62 is curved, the blocking member 70 may be curved to correspond to the gate body 62.

As shown in Figures 2 to 5, when the gate body 62 is in a closed state, the blocking member 70 is located closer to the rotary hammer 30 than the gate body 62. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the blocking member 70 may be fixed to the side wall SW. For example, the blocking member 70 may be welded to the side wall SW via a weld bead 80.

As shown in Figs. 3 to 5, the blocking member 70 includes a wide portion 70a located at the top and a narrow portion 70b located at the bottom. The wide portion 70a is located at a position corresponding to the upper end 62a of the gate body 62 in the closed state. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the wide portion 70a completely blocks the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW in the closed state. In other words, the width of the wide portion 70a may be greater than or equal to the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW in the closed state. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the tip portion of the wide portion 70a overlaps with the side end of the gate body 62 in the closed state when viewed from a direction perpendicular to both the extension direction of the pivot shaft 61 and the up-down direction.

The narrow portion 70b is disposed at a position corresponding to the lower end 62b of the gate body 62 in the closed state. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the narrow portion 70b partially blocks the gap between the gate body 62 in the closed state and the side wall SW. That is, the width of the narrow portion 70b may be smaller than the gap between the gate body 62 in the closed state and the side wall SW. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the narrow portion 70b does not overlap with the gate body 62 in the closed state when viewed from a direction perpendicular to both the extension direction of the pivot shaft 61 and the up-down direction. The separation distance L2 between the narrow portion 70b and the gate body 62 in the extension direction of the pivot shaft 61 may be, for example, 15 mm or less, or 10 mm or less.

The sensor SE is configured to detect vibrations occurring in the crushing chamber 20. The sensor SE is configured to transmit data on the magnitude of the detected vibrations to the controller Ctr. When the sensor SE detects a relatively large vibration occurring when the hammer 33 collides with a foreign object in the crushing chamber 20, the sensor SE may transmit the detection to the controller Ctr. The sensor SE may continuously detect the vibrations occurring in the crushing chamber 20 at a predetermined sampling period and continuously transmit the data to the controller Ctr. The controller Ctr is configured to operate the gate body 62 from the closed state to the open state when the sensor SE detects vibrations of a predetermined magnitude or more a predetermined number of times or more based on the data transmitted from the sensor SE. The predetermined number of times may be, for example, one time or five times.

[Waste disposal method]
Next, a method for treating waste W using the waste treatment system 1 will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. First, when the gate body 62 of the crusher 10 is in a closed state, the waste W is fed into the crushing chamber 20 from the feeder 2 through the feed port 20a. As a result, in the crushing chamber 20, the rotating hammer 33 collides with the waste W, and the waste W is crushed into small pieces. Pieces crushed to be smaller than the through-holes 40a of the screen 40 pass through the through-holes 40a and drop from the discharge port 20b to the conveying section Cv1.

On the other hand, if the waste W contains foreign objects (such as metal pieces) that are too large to pass through the screen 40 even when colliding with the hammer 33, the presence of the foreign objects may cause relatively large vibrations in the crushing chamber 20. When the sensor SE detects such relatively large vibrations a predetermined number of times, the controller Ctr instructs the gate 60 to open the gate body 62. This connects the crushing chamber 20 to the foreign object discharge path 50, and the foreign objects pass through the foreign object discharge path 50 and fall from the discharge port 50a into the transport section Cv1.

The discharged material D (debris or foreign matter) that falls into the conveying section Cv1 is conveyed downstream by the conveying sections Cv1 and Cv2. When the discharged material D is conveyed to the vicinity of the downstream end of the conveying section Cv2, the sorting machine 3 separates metal M from the discharged material D. The metal M separated from the discharged material D is stored in the storage section 4.

Meanwhile, after metals M have been separated from discharge D, waste plastics P fall from the downstream end of conveying section Cv2 into conveying section Cv3, and are conveyed by conveying section Cv3 to storage section 5. The waste plastics P stored in storage section 5 are supplied by supply section 6 to another facility 100 as needed, and are used as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels in the other facility 100.

[How to modify a crusher]
Next, a method for installing the blocking member 70 in a crusher 10 not provided with the blocking member 70 (the crusher 10 before modification) (a method for modifying the crusher 10) will be described. First, a blocking member 70 having a shape corresponding to the shape (curvature, etc.) of the gate body 62 is prepared. Next, the blocking member 70 is fixed (for example, welded) to the side wall SW so that the blocking member 70 is positioned in the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW in the closed state. This completes the modification of the crusher 10.

[Action]
According to the above example, even if the waste W contains metal pieces too large to pass through the screen 40, the presence of the blocking member 70 makes it difficult for the metal pieces to enter the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW when the gate body 62 is closed. Therefore, clogging and accumulation of metal pieces in the gap is suppressed. Therefore, the frequency of stopping the crusher 10 to perform maintenance on the gap is reduced, so the crusher 10 can be operated continuously. For example, in the case of a crusher 10 without the blocking member 70, when the separation distance L1 is set to 30 mm and a mixture of shredder dust, automobile shredder dust, and urban waste is fed into the crusher 10 as the waste W and crushed, it was confirmed that metal pieces of about 10 mm are clogged in the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW. To remove this clogging, operation stoppage of about 2 hours per month may have been required, but by providing the blocking member 70 to the crusher 10, operation stoppage hardly occurs. As a result, the crusher 10 can more efficiently process the waste Wb.

According to the above example, the blocking member 70 can be positioned so as to completely block the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW when the gate body 62 is in the closed state. In this case, when the gate body 62 is in the closed state, it becomes more difficult for metal pieces to enter the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW. This makes it possible to process the waste W more efficiently.

According to the above example, the blocking member 70 can be provided on the side wall SW. In this case, the blocking member remains stationary when the gate opens and closes. In other words, the gate body 62 opens and closes while maintaining a gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW. Therefore, it is possible to block the gap with the blocking member 70 while suppressing contact between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW when the gate body 62 opens and closes.

According to the above example, when the gate body 62 is in a closed state, the blocking member 70 can be positioned closer to the crushing chamber 20 than the gate body 62. In this case, the blocking member is positioned on the opposite side to the side on which the gate opens and closes. Therefore, it is possible to suppress contact between the gate and the blocking member when the gate opens and closes.

According to the above example, at least a portion of the blocking member 70 can overlap with the gate body 62 when the gate body 62 is in the closed state. In this case, when the gate body 62 is in the closed state, the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW is completely blocked by that portion of the blocking member 70. Therefore, when the gate body 62 is in the closed state, metal pieces are unlikely to enter the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW from that portion of the blocking member 70. This makes it possible to process the waste W more efficiently.

According to the above example, the narrow portion 70b of the blocking member 70 can be arranged in correspondence with the lower end 62b of the gate body 62 where the gate body 62 and the hammer 33 are relatively close to each other. Since the narrow portion 70b has a relatively small amount of protrusion into the inside of the crushing chamber 20, it is possible to suppress contact between the hammer 33 and the narrow portion 70b. On the other hand, according to the above example, the wide portion 70a of the blocking member 70 can be arranged in correspondence with the upper end 62a of the gate body 62 where the gate body 62 and the hammer 33 are relatively far from each other. Although the wide portion 70a has a relatively large amount of protrusion into the inside of the crushing chamber 20, it is arranged in correspondence with the upper end 62a of the gate body 62, so it is possible to suppress contact between the hammer 33 and the wide portion 70a. In addition, the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW is completely blocked by the wide portion 70a. Therefore, when the gate body 62 is in the closed state, metal pieces are less likely to enter the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW from the wide portion 70a. This makes it possible to process the waste W more efficiently.

According to the above example, the controller Ctr can control the gate 60 to move the gate body 62 from a closed state to an open state when the sensor SE detects vibrations of a predetermined magnitude or more a predetermined number of times. In this case, the number of opening and closing operations of the gate body 62 is suppressed by setting a threshold value for the number of vibrations detected by the sensor SE according to the state of the waste W fed into the crusher 10 and the performance of the crusher 10. This makes it easier for the hammer 33 to process the waste W continuously for a long period of time. This makes it possible to process the waste W more efficiently.

[Modification]
The disclosure in this specification should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive in all respects. Various omissions, substitutions, modifications, etc. may be made to the above examples without departing from the scope of the claims and the gist thereof.

(1) In the above example, a horizontal rotary hammer type crusher 10 is illustrated, but the technology disclosed herein can also be applied to crushers 10 of other types.

(2) The blocking member 70 may be positioned to block a portion of the gap between the gate body 62 and the side wall SW when the gate body 62 is in a closed state.

(3) The blocking member 70 may be provided on the gate body 62. That is, the blocking member 70 may be provided on either the gate body 62 or the side wall SW.

(4) As illustrated in FIG. 6(a), when the gate body 62 is in the closed state, the entire blocking member 70 may overlap the gate body 62. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 6(b), when the gate body 62 is in the closed state, the entire blocking member 70 may not overlap the gate body 62.

(5) When the gate body 62 is in the closed state, the upper end 62a of the gate body 62 may be located relatively close to the rotary hammer 30, and the lower end 62b of the gate body 62 may be located relatively far from the rotary hammer 30. Alternatively, when the gate body 62 is in the closed state, the gate body 62 and the rotary hammer 30 may be generally maintained at a substantially constant distance from each other.

(6) As illustrated in FIG. 7, the blocking member 70 may be located between the closed state of the gate body 62 and the side wall SW when the gate body 62 is in the closed state.

[Other examples]
Example 1. An example of a crusher includes a crushing chamber configured to crush waste materials fed therein by a crushing tool, a first discharge port provided below the crushing chamber, a screen arranged between the crushing tool and the first discharge port and configured to allow fragments crushed to a predetermined size or less by the crushing tool to pass through, a foreign object discharge path communicating with the crushing chamber, a second discharge port provided below the foreign object discharge path, a gate arranged between the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path and configured to be openable and closable between an open state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path are connected and a closed state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path are closed, and a blocking member arranged to at least partially block a gap between the gate and a side wall of the crushing chamber or a side wall of the foreign object discharge path in the closed state. In this case, even if metal pieces of a size that cannot pass through the screen are contained in the waste materials, the blocking member makes it difficult for the metal pieces to enter the gap between the gate and the side wall in the closed state of the gate. Therefore, clogging and accumulation of metal pieces in the gap is suppressed. Therefore, the frequency of stopping the crusher to perform maintenance on the gap is reduced, allowing the crusher to operate continuously, which in turn enables the crusher to process waste more efficiently.

Example 2. In the crusher of Example 1, the blocking member may be arranged so as to completely block the gap between the gate and the side wall of the crushing chamber or the side wall of the foreign object discharge passage when the gate is in the closed state. In this case, when the gate is in the closed state, it becomes more difficult for metal pieces to enter the gap between the gate and the side wall. This makes it possible to process waste more efficiently.

Example 3. In the crusher of Example 1 or Example 2, the blocking member may be provided on the side wall of the crushing chamber or the side wall of the foreign object discharge path. In this case, the blocking member remains stationary when the gate opens and closes. In other words, the gate opens and closes while maintaining a gap between the gate and the side wall. Therefore, it is possible to prevent contact between the gate and the side wall when the gate opens and closes while blocking the gap with the blocking member.

Example 4. In any of the crushers of Examples 1 to 3, the blocking member may be located closer to the crushing chamber than the gate when in the closed state. In this case, the blocking member is located on the opposite side to the gate when it opens and closes. Therefore, it is possible to prevent contact between the gate and the blocking member when the gate opens and closes.

Example 5. In the crusher of Example 4, at least a portion of the blocking member may overlap the gate when in the closed state. In this case, when the gate is in the closed state, the gap between the gate and the side wall is completely blocked by that portion of the blocking member. Therefore, when the gate is in the closed state, metal pieces are less likely to enter the gap between the gate and the side wall from that portion of the blocking member. This makes it possible to process waste more efficiently.

Example 6. In the crusher of Example 5, the gate may include a distal portion that is relatively far from the crushing tool in the closed state and a proximal portion that is relatively close to the crushing tool, and the blocking member may include a wide portion that overlaps with the distal portion of the gate and a narrow portion that does not overlap with the proximal portion of the gate in the closed state. In the case of Example 6, the narrow portion of the blocking member is arranged in correspondence with the proximal portion where the gate and the crushing tool are relatively close. Since the narrow portion has a relatively small amount of protrusion into the inside of the crushing chamber, it is possible to suppress contact between the crushing tool and the narrow portion. On the other hand, in the case of Example 6, the wide portion of the blocking member is arranged in correspondence with the distal portion where the gate and the crushing tool are relatively far. Although the wide portion has a relatively large amount of protrusion into the inside of the crushing chamber, it is arranged in correspondence with the distal portion of the gate, so it is possible to suppress contact between the crushing tool and the wide portion. In addition, the gap between the gate and the side wall is completely blocked by the wide portion. Therefore, when the gate is closed, metal pieces are less likely to enter the gap between the gate and the side wall from the wide portion. This makes it possible to process waste more efficiently.

Example 7. In the crusher of Example 6, the gate may include an upper end attached to the side wall of the crushing chamber or the side wall of the foreign object discharge passage via a pivot shaft, and a lower end corresponding to the proximal portion.

Example 8. The crusher of any of Examples 1 to 7 may further include a sensor configured to detect vibrations occurring in the crushing chamber, and a control unit configured to operate the gate from a closed state to an open state when the sensor detects vibrations of a predetermined magnitude or greater a predetermined number of times or more. In this case, the number of times the gate is opened and closed is reduced by setting a threshold value for the number of vibrations detected by the sensor according to the state of the waste fed into the crusher and the performance of the crusher. This makes it easier for the crusher to treat the waste continuously for a long period of time. This makes it possible to treat the waste more efficiently.

Example 9. An example of a waste treatment system includes a crusher according to any one of Examples 1 to 8, a feeder configured to feed waste into the crusher, a conveying unit configured to convey the material discharged from the crusher downstream, a sorting machine configured to separate metals from the material being conveyed by the conveying unit, a storage unit configured to store waste plastics after metals have been separated from the material by the sorting unit, and a supply unit configured to supply the waste plastics in the storage unit to other equipment as alternative fuel. In this case, the same effects as those of the crusher of Example 1 can be obtained.

Example 10. One example of a method for modifying a crusher is a method for modifying a crusher that includes a crushing chamber configured to crush waste inputted by a crushing tool, a first discharge port provided below the crushing chamber, a screen arranged between the crushing tool and the first discharge port and configured to allow fragments crushed by the crushing tool to pass through, a foreign object discharge path communicating with the crushing chamber, a second discharge port provided below the foreign object discharge path, and a gate arranged between the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path and configured to be openable and closable between an open state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path are connected and a closed state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge path are closed. The method includes a step of providing a blocking member on the gate, the side wall of the crushing chamber, or the side wall of the foreign object discharge path so as to at least partially block the gap between the gate and the side wall of the crushing chamber or the side wall of the foreign object discharge path in the closed state. In this case, the same effect as the crusher of Example 1 can be obtained.

Example 11. One example of a waste disposal method is a method for disposing of waste using the crusher of any one of Examples 1 to 8, which includes feeding waste into the crushing chamber when the gate is closed, crushing the waste with the crushing tool, and opening the gate when foreign matter too large to pass through the screen is present in the crushing chamber, and discharging the foreign matter from the second discharge port through the foreign matter discharge path. In this case, the same effect as the crusher of Example 1 can be obtained.

1...waste treatment system, 2...feeder, 3...sorter, 5...storage section, 6...supply section, 10...crusher, 20...crushing chamber, 20b...discharge outlet (first discharge outlet), 21...side wall (side wall of crushing chamber), 30...rotary hammer (crusher), 40...screen, 50...foreign matter discharge path, 50a...discharge outlet (second discharge outlet), 51...side wall (side wall of foreign matter discharge path), 60...gate, 61...rotating shaft, 62...gate body, 62a...upper end (distal part), 62b...lower end (proximal part), 70...blocking member, 70a...wide part, 70b...narrow part, 100...other equipment, Ctr...controller (control section), Cv1 to Cv3...transport section, D...discharged material, M...metal, P...waste plastics, SE...sensor, SW...side wall, W...waste.

Claims (8)

A crushing chamber configured so that the waste material fed therein is crushed by a crushing tool;
A first discharge port provided below the crushing chamber;
A screen is disposed between the crushing tool and the first discharge port, and configured to allow fragments crushed to a predetermined size or smaller by the crushing tool to pass through;
A foreign object discharge passage communicating with the crushing chamber;
a second discharge port provided below the foreign object discharge path;
a gate disposed between the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge passage and configured to be openable and closable between an open state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge passage are in communication with each other and a closed state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign object discharge passage are closed;
a blocking member disposed so as to at least partially block a gap between the gate and a side wall of the crushing chamber or a side wall of the foreign object discharge passage in the closed state ,
The gate includes a distal portion that is relatively far from the crushing tool in the closed state and a proximal portion that is relatively close to the crushing tool,
a crusher, wherein the blocking member, in the closed state, is located closer to the crushing chamber than the gate, and includes a wide portion that overlaps with the distal portion of the gate, and a narrow portion that does not overlap with the proximal portion of the gate . The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the blocking member is arranged to completely block the gap between the gate and the side wall of the crushing chamber or the side wall of the foreign object discharge passage in the closed state. The crusher according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocking member is provided on a side wall of the crushing chamber or a side wall of the foreign object discharge passage. The gate is
An upper end portion is attached to a side wall of the crushing chamber or a side wall of the foreign object discharge passage via a rotating shaft;
A crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , comprising a lower end corresponding to said proximal portion. a sensor configured to detect vibrations occurring in the crushing chamber;
The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a control unit configured to operate the gate from the closed state to the open state when the sensor detects vibrations of a predetermined magnitude or more a predetermined number of times. A crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 5 ;
a feeder configured to input the waste material into the crusher;
A conveying section configured to convey the material discharged from the crusher downstream;
a separator configured to separate metals from the waste material being transported by the transport section;
A storage unit configured to store waste plastics after metals are separated from the discharge by the sorting machine;
A waste treatment system comprising: a supply unit configured to supply the waste plastics in the storage unit to other equipment as an alternative fuel. A method for modifying a crusher comprising: a crushing chamber configured to crush waste introduced therein by a crushing tool; a first discharge outlet provided below the crushing chamber; a screen disposed between the crushing tool and the first discharge outlet and configured to allow fragments crushed by the crushing tool to pass through the screen; a foreign matter discharge passage communicating with the crushing chamber; a second discharge outlet provided below the foreign matter discharge passage; and a gate disposed between the crushing chamber and the foreign matter discharge passage and configured to be capable of opening and closing between an open state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign matter discharge passage communicate with each other and a closed state in which the crushing chamber and the foreign matter discharge passage are closed,
providing a blocking member on the gate, the side wall of the crushing chamber, or the side wall of the foreign matter discharge passage so as to at least partially block a gap between the gate and the side wall of the crushing chamber or the side wall of the foreign matter discharge passage in the closed state ;
The gate includes a distal portion that is relatively far from the crushing tool in the closed state and a proximal portion that is relatively close to the crushing tool,
A method for modifying a crusher, wherein the blocking member, in the closed state, is located closer to the crushing chamber than the gate, and includes a wide portion that overlaps with the distal portion of the gate, and a narrow portion that does not overlap with the proximal portion of the gate . A method for treating waste using the crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , comprising:
throwing the waste into the crushing chamber when the gate is in the closed state, and crushing the waste with the crushing tool;
and when foreign matter of a size that cannot pass through the screen is present in the crushing chamber, opening the gate in the open state and discharging the foreign matter through the foreign matter discharge path and from the second discharge outlet.

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