JP7698264B2 - opening building materials - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to building materials for openings that are attached to openings in buildings.

The building's indoor environment was controlled by air conditioning equipment, but because a lot of heat was entering and leaving through the windows, which increased electricity costs, there was a need for something more economical.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a building material for openings that can reduce the heating and cooling load.

In order to achieve the above object, the building material for openings according to the invention described in claim 1 comprises an outer partition, an inner partition, a heat storage material, and a shielding body, the shielding body being provided in the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition , the heat storage material being provided on the indoor side of the shielding in the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition, and outside air being introduced into the room through the space between the outer partition and the shielding body and the space between the shielding body and the inner partition, the shielding body being open during the daytime in winter and closed during the nighttime in winter, the outside air being heated using the heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room, the shielding body being closed or open during the nighttime in summer and closed during the daytime in summer, and the outside air being cooled using the cold heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room.

As an example of a mode in which the heat storage material is provided facing the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition, the heat storage material can be provided in the lower region of the intermediate layer. In this case, the heat storage material may be provided in the flow area below the center of the intermediate layer in the vertical direction, and may be provided in the lower part of the intermediate layer or may be provided across the lower part and the middle part of the intermediate layer.
As another example, the heat storage material may be provided on the underside of the inner partition.
As yet another example, a heat storage material may be provided on the underside of the intermediate layer.

The building material for openings according to the invention described in claim 1 comprises an outer partition, an inner partition, a heat storage material, and a shield , the shield being provided in the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition , the heat storage material being provided on the indoor side of the shield in the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition, and outside air being introduced into the room through between the outer partition and the shield and between the shield and the inner partition, the shield being open during the daytime in winter and closed during the nighttime in winter, heating the outside air using the heat stored in the heat storage material and introducing it into the room, the shielding being closed or open during the nighttime in summer and closed during the daytime in summer, and cooling the outside air using the cold heat stored in the heat storage material and introducing it into the room, and since it can be used as a heating or cooling auxiliary, the heating and cooling load can be reduced.

1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a building material for openings according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the building material for an opening. FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an example of the operating state of the same building material for an opening during the daytime in winter, and FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an example of the operating state of the same building material for an opening during the nighttime in winter. FIG. 1C is a diagram showing an example of the operating state of the same building material for an opening during the daytime in summer, and FIG. 1D is a diagram showing an example of the operating state of the same building material for an opening during the nighttime in summer. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a building material for openings according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the building material for an opening. FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of a building material for openings according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of building materials for openings according to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, in which a heating load simulation was carried out to verify the effects of the present invention. This is a plan view of a dwelling unit showing the installation state of opening building materials in a heating load simulation. 13 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a heating load.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Figures 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the opening construction material of the present invention. This opening construction material is installed in an opening 6 facing the outdoors of a building, and includes an exterior window (exterior partition) 1 on the exterior side, an interior window (interior partition) 2 on the interior side, and blinds (shielding body) 4 and heat storage material 3 provided in an intermediate layer 5 between the exterior partition 1 and the interior partition 2.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the exterior window 1 comprises a frame 7 fixed to the opening 6, and an outer screen 8a and an inner screen 8b housed within the frame 7 in a sliding manner so that they can be opened and closed freely. The frame 7 is composed of an upper frame 9, a lower frame 10, and left and right vertical frames 11, 11. The upper frame 9 has an air passage 12 that connects the outdoor space to the middle layer 5. This air passage 12 has an air vent 13 facing the outside and an air vent 14 facing the room (middle layer), both of which open downward, and are formed in a U-shaped bend. This prevents rainwater from entering through the air passage 12.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the inner window 2 comprises an upper frame 16, a lower frame 17, and left and right vertical frames 18, 18 attached to the inner peripheral side of a frame 15 on all four sides, and an outer shoji screen 19a and an inner shoji screen 19b that are housed between the upper and lower frames 16, 17 in a sliding manner so that they can be opened and closed freely. The frames 16, 17, 18 and the frames of the shoji screens 19a, 19b are made of resin. The glass 20 of the shoji screens 19a, 19b is double-glazed. Since there is a wooden frame 15 between the frame 7 of the outer window 1 and the frames 16, 17, 18 of the inner window 2, the outer window 1 and the inner window 2 are thermally isolated.
As shown in Figure 1, the inner window 2 is provided with a ventilation device 21 on the outer periphery of the upper frame 16. The ventilation device 21 is configured by combining an upper shape member 22 and a lower shape member 23 made of aluminum material one above the other, and a ventilation path 24 that communicates between the inside and outside of the room is formed between the upper shape member 22 and the lower shape member 23.

As shown in Figure 1, the blinds 4 are pleated screens that expand and contract by folding fabric made of polyester nonwoven fabric or the like into pleats. The fabric used for the blinds 4 is light-blocking. A gap 27 is provided between the bottom bar 25 at the lower end of the blinds 4 and the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5. As shown in Figure 2, the side edges of the blinds 4 are guided to rails 28 attached to the frame 15 on both sides of the inner window 2 to increase airtightness. Therefore, the inside of the intermediate layer 5 is divided into the outside and inside by the blinds 4, and the air on the outside of the blinds 4 approaches the outdoor temperature, and the air on the indoor side of the blinds 4 approaches the indoor temperature, creating a temperature difference between the outside and inside of the blinds 4. The blinds 4 can be expanded and contracted up and down by operating an operating unit (not shown) from the indoor side.

The heat storage material 3 is formed in a plate shape and is installed adjacent to the indoor side of the blinds 4. The heat storage material 3 is provided in an area below the center in the vertical direction of the intermediate layer 5. By providing the heat storage material 3 within the intermediate layer 5 in this manner, both the outdoor side and the indoor side of the heat storage material 3 face the intermediate layer 5. A gap 29 is provided between the lower end of the heat storage material 3 and the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5.
The heat storage material 3 is made of two transparent glass or resin panels 30, 30 sandwiching a latent heat storage material (PCM) 31 such as paraffin or sodium sulfate hydrate between them, and is framed by metal or resin spacers 32 (see FIG. 4), and is translucent. The heat storage material 3 has the characteristic that the energy of heating and cooling is used for the phase change from solid to liquid and from liquid to solid, and the temperature remains constant during the phase change. The melting point of the heat storage material 3 can be changed in 1°C increments.

The height to which the heat storage material 3 is installed can be set appropriately depending on the environment of the location where this opening building material is installed, but for example, it can be installed at a height of about half or one-third of the opening 6. In the example shown in Figure 1, the heat storage material 3 is installed adjacent to the indoor side of the blinds 4, but the heat storage material 3 can also be installed adjacent to the outdoor side of the inner window 2.

In addition to providing an inner window 2 using resin frames 16, 17, 18 and frame and double-glazed glass 20 on the indoor side, this opening building material allows air to flow between the indoor and outdoor sides through the ventilation path 12 of the outer window 1, the intermediate layer 5, and the ventilation path 24 provided at the top of the inner window 2, and at that time, the air flows around the intermediate layer 5 along the inner surface of the outer window 1 and the outer surface of the inner window 2, preventing heat transfer in the opposite direction to the air inflow direction, and exhibiting very excellent thermal insulation performance. Furthermore, this opening building material has a heat storage material 3 provided in the area below the intermediate layer 5, and by passing outside air between the outer window 1 and the heat storage material 3 and between the heat storage material 3 and the inner window 2, in winter, the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 warms the outside air and introduces it into the room, and in summer, the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 cools the outside air and introduces it into the room, so that it can be used as a heating supplement in winter and as a cooling supplement in summer, thereby reducing the heating and cooling load.

The function of this opening building material will be described below. During the daytime in winter, the blinds 4 are opened (raised) as shown in Fig. 3-1 (a). This allows the heat storage material 3 to be exposed to solar radiation, and the solar radiation heat is stored in the heat storage material 3.
The cold outside air flowing in through the ventilation path 12 of the outer window 1 flows out downward from the ventilation opening 14 on the indoor side of the ventilation path 12 (see FIG. 1 ), and then flows along the inner surface of the outer window 1 to the bottom of the intermediate layer 5 by cold draft, and turns back through the gaps 27, 29 between the lower ends of the blinds 4 and the heat storage material 3 and the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5. The outside air is then warmed by the heat of the heat storage material 3 and is further warmed by the heat inside the room being transmitted from the glass 20 of the inner window 2, and rises along the outer side of the glass 20, during which the heat escaping from the glass 20 to the outside is collected by the air flow. The warmed outside air then flows into the room through the ventilation path 24 at the top of the inner window 2. When the outside air passes through the ventilation path 24, the heat of the ventilation device 21 and the upper frame 16, which have been warmed by the heat inside the room, is also collected by the air flow.
During winter nights, the blinds 4 are closed (lowered) as shown in Figure 3-1 (b). This prevents the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 during the day from escaping to the outside. During winter nights, just like during the day, outside air flows through this opening building material, and is warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 and introduced into the room, so the room remains comfortable until morning without using the heater.
In this way, this opening building material can reduce the amount of heat that enters and leaves the room through the window by using the flow of outside air to collect heat that escapes from inside the room and return it to the room.Furthermore, since the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 warms the outside air and is introduced into the room, it can be used as an auxiliary heating device, thereby reducing the heating load.

During summer nights, as shown in Fig. 3-2(d), outside air is introduced with the blinds 4 closed (lowered), and the cool nighttime outside air is taken into the room while storing cold energy in the heat storage material 3. If the blinds 4 are opened (raised) at night, the cold storage in the heat storage material 3 is promoted by radiation cooling.
During the daytime in summer, as shown in Fig. 3-2(c), the blinds 4 are closed (lowered) to block sunlight and prevent heat from being stored in the heat storage material 3. While passing between the heat storage material 3 and the inner window 2, the outside air is cooled by the cold energy stored in the heat storage material 3 during the night, and is further cooled by collecting the cold energy escaping to the outside from the glass 20 of the inner window 2 as it rises along the outer surface of the inner window 2, and flows into the room through the ventilation path 24 of the inner window 2. As a result, the room can be kept comfortable without the use of air conditioning, at least for the entire morning.
In this way, this opening building material can be used as an auxiliary air conditioner during the summer by cooling the outside air using the cold stored in the heat storage material 3 at night and introducing it into the room, thereby reducing the cooling load.

Figures 4 and 5 show a second embodiment of the opening building material of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, the interior side of the opening 6 is divided into upper and lower parts by a gable 33, an inner window 2 is installed above the gable 33, and a heat storage material 3 is installed below the gable 33. The exterior side of the heat storage material 3 faces the intermediate layer 5, and the interior side faces the indoor space. The outside air that turns back at the bottom of the intermediate layer 5 passes between the blind 4 and the heat storage material 3, then passes between the blind 4 and the inner window 2, and flows into the room through the ventilation path 24 at the top of the inner window 2.

Like the first embodiment, the opening building material of the second embodiment can reduce the amount of heat entering and leaving through the window in winter by using the flow of outside air to collect heat that escapes from inside the room to outside and return it to the room. Furthermore, since the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 warms the outside air and is introduced into the room, it can be used as a heating supplement, thereby reducing the heating load.
In addition, during the summer, the cold stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to cool outside air at night and introduced into the room, thereby providing an auxiliary cooling function, thereby reducing the cooling load.
Furthermore, in the opening building material of the second embodiment, the heat storage material 3 is provided facing the indoor space, so that the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to directly heat the indoor air, and the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to directly cool the indoor air.

Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the building material for openings of the present invention. As with the first embodiment, the building material for openings of this embodiment has an exterior window 1 on the exterior side of the opening 6 and an interior window 2 on the interior side, and blinds 4 on the intermediate layer 5. The heat storage material 3 is embedded in the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5.

Like the first embodiment, the opening building material of the third embodiment can reduce the amount of heat entering and leaving through the window in winter by using the flow of outside air to collect heat that escapes from inside the room to outside and return it to the room. Furthermore, since the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 warms the outside air and is introduced into the room, it can be used as a heating supplement, thereby reducing the heating load.
In addition, during the summer, the cold stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to cool outside air at night and introduced into the room, thereby providing an auxiliary cooling function, thereby reducing the cooling load.
Furthermore, in the building material for openings of the third embodiment, the heat storage material 3 is provided on the lower surface 26 of the intermediate layer 5, so that the heat storage material 3 is not visible when viewed from the inside of the room and the view through the window is not obstructed by the heat storage material 3.

The heat storage material 3 can be provided on the side surface (vertical frame 15) of the intermediate layer 5 in addition to the underside 26 of the intermediate layer 5. By providing the heat storage material 3 on the side surface of the intermediate layer 5 as well, the amount and surface area of the heat storage material 3 increases, improving the heat storage and heat dissipation properties, and improving the effect of suppressing the heating and cooling load. Specifically, for example, in a west-facing window, by providing the heat storage material 3 on the right side surface as viewed from the inside of the room, the material will be exposed to sunlight for half a day in winter, when the effect is most expected, and the heat storage properties can be improved. When providing the heat storage material 3 on the side surface of the intermediate layer 5, it is preferable to provide it facing the area below the center of the intermediate layer 5 in the vertical direction.

A simulation was performed to determine the extent to which the heating load would be reduced when the building materials for openings of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in Fig. 7 were applied to a window 34 of an apartment building shown in Fig. 8, compared to when a simple double-glazed window (not shown) was installed. The simulation was performed using energy simulation software (Design Builder). Table 1 shows the analysis conditions, and Table 2 shows the specifications of the latent heat storage material (PCM).
Example 1 is an example of the first embodiment described above, in which the heat storage material 3 is placed in approximately the lower half of the region in the intermediate layer 5. Example 2 is an example of the second embodiment, in which the indoor side of the opening 6 is divided into upper and lower halves, the inner window 2 is placed in the upper half, and the heat storage material 3 is placed in the lower half. Comparative Example 1 is a double-glazed window provided with an outside air introduction path through which outside air flows in a detour along the inner surface of the outer window 1 and the outer surface of the inner window 2, and does not have a heat storage material 3. Comparative Example 2 is a double-glazed window provided with a normal double-glazed window in the upper half of the opening 6, and the heat storage material 3 and the outside air introduction path are provided in the lower half.

Figure 9 shows the results of the above simulation. As is clear from the figure, compared to the case where a simple double-glazed window is installed, the heating load can be reduced by 76% in Example 1, and by 87% in Example 2. The reason why the reduction rate of the heating load is greater in Example 2 is thought to be because, in addition to the outside air being warmed by the heat stored in the heat storage material 3, the air inside the room is directly warmed by the heat of the heat storage material 3.

As described above, this opening building material (first to third embodiments) comprises an outer partition (outer window) 1, an inner partition (inner window) 2, a heat storage material 3, and a shield (blind) 4, the heat storage material 3 is provided facing the intermediate layer 5 between the outer partition 1 and the inner partition 2, the shield 4 is provided in the intermediate layer 5 between the outer partition 1 and the inner partition 2, and outside air is introduced into the room through between the outer partition 1 and the shield 4 and between the shield 4 and the inner partition 2. The heat stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to warm the outside air and introduce it into the room, or the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to cool the outside air and introduce it into the room, which can be used as an auxiliary heating or cooling function, thereby reducing the heating and cooling load. Moreover, the building material for openings (first to third embodiments) can reduce the amount of heat entering and leaving the window by using the flow of outside air to collect heat escaping from the room to the outside in winter and return it to the room, thereby further reducing the heating load. By providing the shielding body 4 in the intermediate layer 5, it is possible to prevent the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 from escaping into the room during the night in winter and to prevent heat from being stored in the heat storage material 3 during the day in summer.
Furthermore, in the present opening building material (first to third embodiments), the heat storage material 3 is arranged facing the underside of the intermediate layer 5, which makes it possible to rationally move the outside air from top to bottom within the intermediate layer 5, and then reverse the movement by utilizing convection from bottom to top.
In the building material for openings of the first embodiment, the heat storage material 3 is provided in the region below the intermediate layer 5, and the heat storage material 3 acts as a partition to help form a flow of outside air that makes a large detour along the inner surface of the outer partition 1 and the outer surface of the inner partition 2 in the intermediate layer 5, thereby certainly exerting the effect of suppressing the heating and cooling load. Moreover, the heat storage material 3 is easy to install, and it is also possible to install the heat storage material 3 later on in an existing double window.
In the second embodiment of the opening building material, the heat storage material 3 is provided on the underside of the inner partition 2, so that the heat stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to directly heat the air in the room, and the cold heat stored in the heat storage material 3 can be used to directly cool the air in the room, thereby further reducing the heating and cooling load.
In the building material for openings of the third embodiment, the heat storage material 3 is provided on the lower surface of the intermediate layer 5, so that the heat storage material 3 is not visible from inside the room and the view from the window is not obstructed by the heat storage material 3.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment. The outer partition may be any partition between the outdoor space and the intermediate layer, and may be a glass-containing outer window, a shutter, a rain shutter, a roller screen, etc. The inner partition may be any partition between the intermediate layer and the indoor space, and may be a glass-containing inner window, a curtain, a roller screen, a paper screen, etc.
The shield may be anything that has the function of blocking sunlight, and may be a slat-type blind, a roller screen, or the like.
The heat storage material may be provided so as to be in contact with the outside air flowing through the interior, and the position, size, amount and type of the heat storage material may be changed as appropriate.
The ventilation path communicating with the outdoor space and the ventilation path communicating with the indoor space may be provided anywhere.

1. Outer window (outer partition)
2. Inner window (inner partition)
3 Heat storage material 4 Blinds (shielding)
5. Middle class

Claims (1)

An opening building material comprising an outer partition, an inner partition, a heat storage material, and a shield , the shield being provided in an intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition , the heat storage material being provided on the indoor side of the shield in the intermediate layer between the outer partition and the inner partition, outside air being introduced into the room through between the outer partition and the shield and between the shield and the inner partition, the shield being open during the daytime in winter and closed during the nighttime in winter, the outside air being heated by the heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room, the shielding being closed or open during the nighttime in summer and closed during the daytime in summer, the outside air being cooled by the cold heat stored in the heat storage material and introduced into the room.

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