JP7708010B2 - Manufacturing method of reinforced roadbed material - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of reinforced roadbed materialInfo
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- JP7708010B2 JP7708010B2 JP2022097262A JP2022097262A JP7708010B2 JP 7708010 B2 JP7708010 B2 JP 7708010B2 JP 2022097262 A JP2022097262 A JP 2022097262A JP 2022097262 A JP2022097262 A JP 2022097262A JP 7708010 B2 JP7708010 B2 JP 7708010B2
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Description
本発明は、製鉄所の副産物の一つである製鋼スラグを使用した強化路盤材およびその製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a reinforced roadbed material using steelmaking slag, a by-product of steelworks, and a method for manufacturing the same.
アスファルト舗装の路盤は、路盤の安定性や耐久性を考慮したうえで使用する材料等が選定される。路盤材として用いられる材料は、各都道府県の土木共通仕様書や舗装再生便覧等において定められており、修正ＣＢＲ等の各種特性を満たすことが求められている。 Materials used for the base of an asphalt pavement are selected taking into consideration the stability and durability of the base. Materials used for base courses are specified in the common civil engineering specifications and pavement recycling handbook of each prefecture, and are required to meet various characteristics such as modified CBR.
製鉄所の副産物として生成される製鋼スラグは、路盤材の材料の一つであることは周知であるが、製鋼スラグは、その中に含まれる酸化カルシウムが雨水等の水分と反応して堆積膨張を起こすことから、路盤材の材料として用いるあたっては、路盤の施工後における製鋼スラグの膨張を抑制するために、予め、エージング等の前処理を施し、その前処理が施された製鋼スラグにセメントを添加して安定処理混合物としているのが一般的であった。 It is well known that steel slag, which is a by-product of steelworks, is one of the materials used in roadbeds. However, the calcium oxide contained in steel slag reacts with moisture such as rainwater and accumulates and expands. Therefore, when using steel slag as a roadbed material, it is common to pre-treat it with aging or other methods in order to prevent the steel slag from expanding after construction of the roadbed, and then add cement to the pre-treated steel slag to make a stabilized mixture.
ところで、製鋼スラグを含む強化路盤材は、所望の強度や充填性、締固め性等の他に、製鋼スラグの膨張に起因した逆断層型の破壊を起こさないことが求められ、そのため従来は、一律に大きな安全率を設定して過剰な前処理を行っており、製鋼スラグの膨張をどの程度まで抑制すれば逆断層型の破壊を回避できるかについては未だ解明されていないのが現状であった。なお、ここでいう、逆断層型の破壊とは、路盤材の固結後における製鋼スラグの膨張等によって路盤に水平方向の圧縮力が働いて路盤に断層が生じ、断層の一方側の路盤が他方側の路盤の上にのし上がることにより断層近傍において路盤が隆起する現象をいう。 Meanwhile, reinforced roadbed materials containing steelmaking slag are required to not only have the desired strength, filling properties, compaction properties, etc., but also to avoid reverse fault type failure caused by the expansion of steelmaking slag. For this reason, in the past, excessive pretreatment was performed with a uniformly large safety factor set, and it was still unclear to what extent the expansion of steelmaking slag must be suppressed to avoid reverse fault type failure. Note that reverse fault type failure here refers to the phenomenon in which a horizontal compressive force acts on the roadbed due to the expansion of steelmaking slag after the roadbed material solidifies, causing a fault in the roadbed, and the roadbed on one side of the fault rises above the roadbed on the other side, causing the roadbed to rise near the fault.
路盤材に関連した先行技術として、例えば、特許文献１、２には、未固結のソイルセメントから将来の発現強度を推定する方法が提案されており、また、特許文献３には、ソイルセメントの造成現場の施工条件に応じた所定材令の圧縮強度を推定する方法が提案されており、さらに、特許文献４には、施工現場の管理および合理化の観点からコンクリートの充填性、締固め性等を評価する方法が提案されているものの、何れのものにおいても、路盤材の固結後の膨張による逆断層破壊を回避することまでは言及されていない。 As prior art related to roadbed materials, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a method for estimating future strength development from unconsolidated soil cement, and Patent Document 3 proposes a method for estimating the compressive strength of soil cement at a specified age depending on the construction conditions at the construction site. Furthermore, Patent Document 4 proposes a method for evaluating the filling property and compaction property of concrete from the perspective of construction site management and rationalization, but none of these documents mentions how to avoid reverse fault failure due to expansion of roadbed materials after solidification.
本発明の課題は、スラグの膨張に起因した逆断層型破壊を起こすことのない強化路盤材およびその製造方法を提案するところにある。 The objective of the present invention is to propose a reinforced roadbed material and a manufacturing method thereof that does not cause reverse fault-type failures caused by slag expansion.
本発明は、セメントとスラグとの混合物からなる強化路盤材であって、該強化路盤材は、該スラグの水浸膨張試験による膨張率（％）が、セメント養生後における強化路盤材の圧縮試験における強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率（％）よりも下回るものであることを特徴とする強化路盤材である。本発明において強化路盤材とは、スラグとセメントの安定処理混合物をいうものとする。 The present invention is a reinforced roadbed material made of a mixture of cement and slag, characterized in that the expansion rate (%) of the slag in a water immersion expansion test is lower than the strain rate (%) at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail under compression in a compression test of the reinforced roadbed material after cement curing. In the present invention, the reinforced roadbed material refers to a stabilized mixture of slag and cement.
上記の強化路盤材において、前記水浸膨張試験は、ＪＩＳ Ａ ５０１５ 道路用鉄鋼スラグの水浸膨張試験（１００日間実施）であることが好ましく、また、前記圧縮試験は、０．１～１％／ｍｉｎの圧下速度で行うことが好ましい。水浸膨張試験については、水温８０℃で４０日間の連続加速水浸膨張試験を実施してもよい。 For the above reinforced roadbed material, the water immersion expansion test is preferably the JIS A 5015 Water immersion expansion test for steel slag for roads (conducted for 100 days), and the compression test is preferably performed at a compression rate of 0.1 to 1%/min. The water immersion expansion test may be a continuous accelerated water immersion expansion test at a water temperature of 80°C for 40 days.
また、本発明は、セメントとスラグとを混合して構成された強化路盤材の製造方法において、セメント養生後の強化路盤材に対して圧縮試験を行って該強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率を求めるとともに、水浸膨張試験により該スラグの膨張率を求め、該スラグの膨張率と該強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率とを比較し、該膨張率が、該歪み率よりも下回る条件下でセメントを添加してスラグと混合することを特徴とする強化路盤材の製造方法である。本発明においてスラグの膨張率を圧縮破壊に至る歪み率よりも下回るものとするためには、より長時間エージング処理を施したスラグを使用するか、よりＣａＯやＭｇＯ濃度の低いスラグを使用するか、あるいは、セメント添加量を低減する、等のいずれか１または２以上の方法を適用するのが好ましい。 The present invention also relates to a method for producing a reinforced roadbed material composed of a mixture of cement and slag, which comprises: performing a compression test on the reinforced roadbed material after cement curing to determine the strain rate at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail under compression; determining the expansion rate of the slag through a water immersion expansion test; comparing the expansion rate of the slag with the strain rate at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail under compression; and adding and mixing the slag with the cement under conditions where the expansion rate is lower than the strain rate. In order to make the expansion rate of the slag lower than the strain rate at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail under compression in the present invention, it is preferable to apply one or more of the following methods: using slag that has been aged for a longer period of time; using slag with a lower CaO or MgO concentration; or reducing the amount of cement added.
上記の製造方法において、前記水浸膨張試験は、ＪＩＳ Ａ ５０１５道路用鉄鋼スラグの水浸膨張試験であることが好ましく、また、前記圧縮試験は、０．１～１％／ｍｉｎの圧下速度で行うことが好ましい。 In the above manufacturing method, the water immersion expansion test is preferably a water immersion expansion test for steel slag for road use according to JIS A 5015, and the compression test is preferably carried out at a reduction rate of 0.1 to 1%/min.
本発明によれば、セメント養生後における強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率（％）を、スラグの膨張によるものとみなし、この歪み率（％）を、製鋼スラグの水浸膨張試験による膨張率（％）と比較し、該膨張率（％）が歪み率（％）よりも下回るものすることにより、スラグの膨張を抑制でき、それによる強化路盤材の逆断層破壊を回避することができる。 According to the present invention, the strain rate (%) that leads to compressive failure of the reinforced roadbed material after cement curing is considered to be due to the expansion of the slag, and this strain rate (%) is compared with the expansion rate (%) in a water immersion expansion test of steelmaking slag. By making the expansion rate (%) lower than the strain rate (%), it is possible to suppress the expansion of the slag and avoid the resulting reverse fault failure of the reinforced roadbed material.
本発明は、強化路盤材において、スラグの水浸膨張試験による膨張率（％）が、セメント養生後における強化路盤材の圧縮試験における該強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率（％）よりも下回る場合、固結後の材料の膨張に起因した逆断層型破壊を起こすのを回避することが可能で、これにより、将来的に逆断層型破壊を起こさないセメント添加量を設定できるという新規知見に基づいてなされたものである。 The present invention is based on the novel finding that, in reinforced roadbed material, if the expansion rate (%) of slag in a water immersion expansion test is lower than the strain rate (%) at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail under compression in a compression test of the reinforced roadbed material after cement curing, it is possible to avoid reverse fault type failure caused by the expansion of the material after solidification, and thus it is possible to set the amount of cement to be added that will not cause reverse fault type failure in the future.
図１は、粒度が０～４０ｍｍに調整された、製鋼スラグを用い、その製鋼スラグに１．０～５．０ｍａｓｓ％のセメントを添加、混合して突き固め（含水比は、セメントの２８日間の固化に必要十分な含水比に調整）封かん養生を行った、直径１００ｍｍ、高さ／直径比が１．２７の供試体を複数作成し、得られた供試体の圧縮破壊時の歪み率（％）とセメント添加量（％）の関係を示した図であり、また、表１は、各供試体の添加セメント量（％）、各供試体の圧縮破壊時の歪み率（％）、製鋼スラグの膨張率（％）、適用の可否の調査結果を示したものである。 Figure 1 shows the relationship between the strain rate (%) at compressive failure and the amount of cement added (%) of multiple test specimens with a diameter of 100 mm and a height/diameter ratio of 1.27, which were made by adding 1.0 to 5.0 mass% cement to steel slag with a particle size adjusted to 0 to 40 mm, mixing, compacting (the water content was adjusted to a level sufficient for the cement to solidify for 28 days), and sealing and curing. Table 1 shows the amount of cement added (%) of each test specimen, the strain rate (%) of each test specimen at compressive failure, the expansion rate (%) of steel slag, and the results of an investigation into applicability.
なお、この調査においては、製鋼スラグの粒度分布を、ＪＩＳ Ａ １１０２に従い測定し、測定された粒度を用いて相対粒度を作成し、各供試体で粒度差がでないように調整（スラグの最大粒径が供試体の直径の１/４以下となる相対粒度に調整）した。また、混合物の突き固めは、試験便覧のＥ０１１、Ｆ００７に従って行い、圧縮試験での圧下速度は、０．２ｍｍ／ｍｉｎに設定した。また、圧縮破壊時の歪み率（％）は、圧縮試験結果より荷重・歪み曲線を作成し、荷重・歪み曲線における最大荷重の歪みを歪み率に換算して求め、製鋼スラグの膨張率（％）は、ＪＩＳ Ａ５０１５道路用鉄鋼スラグの水浸膨張試験（最終的な膨張率を推定する試験）から求め、適用可否は、圧縮破壊時の歪み率（％）よりも製鋼スラグの水浸膨張試験から得られた膨張率（％）が下回るものを〇で、とくに歪み率（％）と膨張率（％）の差が０．２％以上のものは◎で表記し、圧縮破壊時の歪み率（％）よりも膨張率（％）が上回るものを×で表記した。 In this investigation, the particle size distribution of the steelmaking slag was measured in accordance with JIS A 1102, and the relative particle size was calculated using the measured particle size, and adjusted so that there were no particle size differences between the specimens (adjusting the relative particle size so that the maximum particle size of the slag is 1/4 or less of the diameter of the specimen). The mixture was tamped in accordance with E011 and F007 of the test manual, and the reduction speed in the compression test was set to 0.2 mm/min. The strain rate (%) at the time of compressive failure was determined by creating a load-strain curve from the compression test results and converting the strain at the maximum load on the load-strain curve into a strain rate, and the expansion rate (%) of the steelmaking slag was determined from JIS A5015 Water Immersion Expansion Test of Steelmaking Slag for Road Use (a test to estimate the final expansion rate). Applicability was indicated by ◯ if the expansion rate (%) obtained from the water immersion expansion test of steelmaking slag was lower than the strain rate (%) at the time of compressive failure, ◎ if the difference between the strain rate (%) and the expansion rate (%) was 0.2% or more, and × if the expansion rate (%) was higher than the strain rate (%) at the time of compressive failure.
表１において実施例１～３は添加セメント量を１．５ｍａｓｓ％とした場合であり、実施例４～６は添加セメント量を３．５ｍａｓｓ％とした場合であり、実施例７は添加セメント量を５．０ｍａｓｓ％とした場合であるが、膨張率（％）は、いずれのものも破断時の歪み率（％）よりも下回っており、適用可能であるという結果が得られた。これに対して、比較例１～４は、膨張率（％）が全て破断時の歪み率（％）を上回るものであり、適用不可となった。 In Table 1, Examples 1 to 3 are cases where the amount of added cement is 1.5 mass%, Examples 4 to 6 are cases where the amount of added cement is 3.5 mass%, and Example 7 is a case where the amount of added cement is 5.0 mass%, but the expansion rate (%) is lower than the strain rate (%) at break in all cases, and the results show that the method is applicable. In contrast, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 all have expansion rates (%) that exceed the strain rate (%) at break, and are therefore not applicable.
本発明において圧縮試験における圧下速度は、０．１～１％／ｍｉｎの圧下速度で行うのが好ましいとしたが、その理由は、製鋼スラグが拘束状態で膨張する時の応力を意図的に起こすことができると考えられたからであり、そのためには、できるだけ圧下速度を小さくし、かつ圧縮破壊に至る歪み率（％）に影響を与えることがないようにしなければないことが肝要であって、予備試験から図２に示すような結果が得られたからである。 In the present invention, it is preferable to carry out the compression test at a reduction rate of 0.1 to 1%/min. The reason for this is that it is believed that the stress that occurs when the steelmaking slag expands under restraint can be intentionally generated. To achieve this, it is essential that the reduction rate be as small as possible without affecting the strain rate (%) that leads to compressive failure, and preliminary tests have produced the results shown in Figure 2.
本発明においては、強化路盤材を、セメント養生後の強化路盤材に対して圧縮試験を行って該強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率を求めるとともに、水浸膨張試験により該スラグの膨張率を求め、該スラグの膨張率と該路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率とを比較し、該膨張率が、該歪み率よりも下回る条件下でセメントを添加してスラグと混合することにより製造する。そのためには、スラグの粒度は、０～４０ｍｍの範囲に調整されたものを用いるのが好ましく、添加するセメント量は、必要な路盤支持力に合わせて１～５ｍａｓｓ％の範囲で決定するのが好ましく、スラグとセメントとの混合は、スラグを突き固め前日に調湿し、突き固め直前にセメントと混合することが、また、封かん養生は温度２０℃、湿度９８％という条件とするのが好ましい。 In the present invention, the reinforced roadbed material is manufactured by performing a compression test on the reinforced roadbed material after cement curing to determine the strain rate at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail under compression, and by performing a water immersion expansion test to determine the expansion rate of the slag, and comparing the expansion rate of the slag with the strain rate at which the roadbed material will fail under compression. The expansion rate is then compared with the strain rate, and cement is added and mixed with the slag under conditions where the expansion rate is lower than the strain rate. For this purpose, it is preferable to use slag with a particle size adjusted to the range of 0 to 40 mm, and the amount of cement added is preferably determined to be within the range of 1 to 5 mass% according to the required roadbed bearing capacity. The slag and cement are mixed by adjusting the humidity of the slag the day before compaction and mixing it with the cement immediately before compaction, and it is preferable to perform sealing and curing under conditions of a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 98%.
本発明によれば、逆断層型破壊を起こすことのない強化路盤材およびその製造方法が提供できる。 The present invention provides a reinforced roadbed material that does not cause reverse fault type failure and a method for manufacturing the same.
Claims (3)
セメント養生後の強化路盤材に対して圧縮試験を行って該強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率を求めるとともに、水浸膨張試験により該スラグの膨張率を求め、該スラグの膨張率と該強化路盤材の圧縮破壊に至る歪み率とを比較し、該膨張率が、該歪み率よりも下回る条件下でセメントを添加してスラグと混合することを特徴とする強化路盤材の製造方法。 In a method for manufacturing a reinforced roadbed material made of a mixture of cement and slag,
A method for manufacturing reinforced roadbed material, characterized in that a compression test is conducted on the reinforced roadbed material after cement curing to determine the strain rate at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail by compression, and the expansion rate of the slag is determined by a water immersion expansion test, and the expansion rate of the slag is compared with the strain rate at which the reinforced roadbed material will fail by compression, and cement is added and mixed with the slag under conditions where the expansion rate is lower than the strain rate.
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| JP2008280224A (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for producing steelmaking slag solidified body, and steelmaking slag solidified body |
| JP2013159522A (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2013-08-19 | Institute Of National Colleges Of Technology Japan | Artificial material and method of manufacturing the same |
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