JP7715219B2 - Planning device, planning method, and program - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a planning device, a planning method, and a program .

Ancillary services are known that use storage batteries installed at electricity consumers to provide adjustment power for stabilizing the power grid (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-137368

It would be desirable to be able to plan adjustment capacity provision services (ancillary services) without having to select the target of the plan depending on the contract status of the adjustment capacity provision services.

An example of a purpose of this disclosure is to provide a planning device, a planning method, and a program that can solve the above-mentioned problems.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, the planning device targets at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing a power system, and includes: a constraint condition setting means that sets, for each consumer group, a constraint condition including a contract unit period included in the planning period and a mathematical formula for setting the secured amount of adjustment power to zero for a combination of a contract unit period included in the planning period and a consumer group that is a unit of contract for the adjustment power provision service for each contract unit period, the contract unit period including a plurality of the consumers, and a consumer that is included in a consumer group that is not provided with the adjustment power provision service in the contract unit period; and an operation plan creation means that creates an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service for the planning period by solving the optimization problem using the constraint condition .

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a planning method includes a computer setting, as constraints in an optimization problem for at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing a power system, a constraint including a contract unit period included in the planning period and a mathematical expression for setting the secured amount of adjustment power to zero for a combination of a contract unit period included in the planning period and a consumer group that is a unit of contract for the adjustment power provision service for each contract unit period and that includes a plurality of the consumers and that is not provided with the adjustment power provision service in that contract unit period, and solving the optimization problem using the constraints to create an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service for the planning period .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a program causes a computer to execute the following steps: for at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing a power system, regardless of whether the adjustment power provision service is provided by the consumer in at least one contract unit period of the adjustment power provision service, the program sets, for each consumer group , a constraint including a contract unit period included in the planning period and a formula for setting the amount of guaranteed adjustment power to zero for a combination of a consumer group that includes a plurality of the consumers and serves as a unit for contracting the adjustment power provision service for each contract unit period, and a consumer that is included in a consumer group that is not provided with the adjustment power provision service in that contract unit period; and to formulate an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service for the planning period by solving the optimization problem using the constraint ;

According to the present invention, it is possible to plan adjustment capacity provision services without having to select the target of the plan based on the contract status of the adjustment capacity provision service.

1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a power system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a higher-level control device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of timing at which the upper control device according to the first embodiment plans allocation of the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity to consumers. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in a higher-level control device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting the contract status of the adjustment power providing service in the optimization problem according to the second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in which a higher-level control device according to the second embodiment performs an adjustment power providing service. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting the contract status of the adjustment power providing service in the optimization problem according to the third embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in which a higher-level control device according to the third embodiment performs an adjustment power providing service. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a control device according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in a planning method according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment.

The following describes embodiments of the present invention, but the following embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention as claimed. Furthermore, not all combinations of features described in the embodiments are necessarily essential to the solution of the invention.

First Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power system according to the first embodiment. In the configuration shown in Fig. 1, the power system 1 includes a central load control system 11, an aggregation operator system 12, a first upper gateway device 21, a higher-level control device 22, a second upper gateway device 23, a power grid 30, a customer-installed system 50, and a large-scale power storage system 70.

The consumer-installed system 50 includes a distribution board 51, a power load 52, a photovoltaic (PV) system 53, and a power storage system 60. The power storage system 60 includes a lower-level gateway device 61, a lower-level control device 62, a power conditioning subsystem (PCS) 63, and a storage battery 64.
The large-scale power storage system 70 includes a lower-level control device 71 , a power conditioning system 72 , and a large-scale storage battery 73 .
In addition, communication paths are indicated by dashed lines and power paths are indicated by solid lines in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, the lower-level gateway device 61 and the lower-level control device 62 also consume power, but the power is received in a manner that does not disturb the AC side (distribution board 51 side) output of the power storage system 60.

The central load control system 11 is installed in the central load control center of the power transmission and distribution company and controls the balance of power supply and demand in the power grid 30. The central load control system 11 also requests the upper control device to provide ancillary services that stabilize the power grid 30 by discharging or charging storage batteries provided by power consumers, etc. In the example of Figure 1, storage battery 64 and large storage battery 73 are examples of storage batteries used for ancillary services.

An electricity consumer is also simply called a consumer. When counting the number of consumers, it is written as one, two, etc., or one, two, etc.
The power system 30 is used for transmitting and distributing commercial power under the monitoring and control of a power transmission and distribution company.

The aggregation provider system 12 is installed in the equipment of an aggregator, and notifies information related to energy resource aggregation to a higher-level control device 22. Note that, although the following description will be given taking as an example a case where information is transmitted automatically between devices, some or all of the information transmission may be performed manually by a person in charge, such as by sending an email or a fax.
Energy resource aggregation here refers to providing ancillary services to electricity transmission and distribution companies by aggregating the charging and discharging of storage batteries provided by multiple consumers, etc. Energy resource aggregation is also simply referred to as resource aggregation.
The aggregator here refers to a business operator that performs resource aggregation.

The aggregator may be configured hierarchically, for example, by including a resource aggregator (RA) and an aggregation coordinator (AC). The resource aggregator coordinates the charging and discharging of storage batteries provided by multiple consumers, etc. The aggregation coordinator further aggregates the charging and discharging power providing services aggregated by the resource aggregator for multiple consumers, etc., for multiple resource aggregators and provides the services to an electricity transmission and distribution company.
In this case, each of the hierarchical aggregation service providers may be provided with an aggregation provider system 12, so that the aggregation provider systems 12 are provided in a hierarchical structure.

The upper-level first gateway device 21 mediates communication between the central power supply command system 11 and the upper-level control device 22 .
The upper level control device 22 charges and discharges the storage batteries provided by the consumers, etc. in response to a request from the central load control system 11. The upper level control device 22 can provide a relatively large capacity of adjustment power by coordinating the charging and discharging of the storage batteries provided by multiple consumers, etc.

The upper-side second gateway device 23 mediates communication between the upper-side control device 22 and control devices installed in consumers' homes, etc. In the example of Figure 1, the lower-side control device 62 and the lower-side control device 71 are examples of control devices installed in consumers' homes, etc. The lower-side control device 62 controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery 64 in cooperation with the power conditioning system 63. Alternatively, the lower-side gateway device 61 may have a function, or part of a function, to control the storage battery 64 in cooperation with the power conditioning system 63. In this case, the lower-side gateway device 61 also is an example of a control device installed in a consumer's home, etc. The lower-side control device 71 controls the charging and discharging of the large storage battery 73 in cooperation with the power conditioning system 72.

The upper-level first gateway device 21, the upper-level control device 22, and the upper-level second gateway device 23 are provided in the facilities of a SaaS (Software as a Service or System as a Service) provider.
In this example, a SaaS provider provides a service that executes resource aggregation. The aggregator uses an aggregation provider system 12 to notify a host control device 22 of information related to resource aggregation, and causes the host control device 22 to execute the resource aggregation.
The aggregator may have a higher-level control device. For example, the aggregation provider system 12 and the higher-level control device 22 may be combined to form a single system.

The customer-installed system 50 is a system that combines power facilities and power loads installed in one customer, and a control device that controls the power facilities and power loads.
The customer-installed system 50 corresponds to an example of a customer system.

The distribution board 51 is provided on the consumer installation system 50 side of the interconnection point between the power grid 30 and the consumer installation system 50, and mediates the exchange of electricity between the power grid 30 and each device in the consumer installation system 50. For example, when the distribution board 51 is in forward power flow, the distribution board 51 distributes electricity (commercial power) supplied from the power grid 30 to each device in the consumer installation system 50.

The power load 52 is a general term for devices that consume power. The number of devices that make up the power load 52 is not limited to a specific number. Furthermore, the types of devices that make up the power load 52 are not limited to a specific type.
The solar power generation system 53 receives sunlight, generates electricity, and outputs AC power.
The power storage system 60 is a system that combines a storage battery 64 with a configuration that controls charging and discharging of the storage battery 64 .

The lower-level gateway device 61 mediates communication between the upper level control device 22 and the lower level control device 62. As described above, the lower-level gateway device 61 may have a function, or a part of a function, of controlling the charging and discharging of the storage battery 64 in cooperation with the power conditioning system 63.
The lower-level control device 62 cooperates with the power conditioning system 63 to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery 64. For example, the lower-level control device 62 instructs the power conditioning system 63 to charge, discharge, or stop charging and discharging of the storage battery 64, and the power conditioning system 63 causes the storage battery 64 to charge or discharge, or stops charging and discharging of the storage battery 64, in accordance with the instruction from the lower-level control device 62.
The lower-level control device 62 controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery 64 in response to instructions or requests from the upper-level control device 22 .

The power conditioning system 63 converts AC power to DC power. When charging the storage battery 64, the power conditioning system 63 converts AC power from the distribution board 51 side into DC power and supplies it to the storage battery 64. When discharging the storage battery 64, the power conditioning system 63 converts DC power from the storage battery 64 into AC power and supplies it to the distribution board 51 side.

Furthermore, the power conditioning system 63 cooperates with the lower-level control device 62 to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery 64 as described above.
Any two of the lower-level gateway device 61, the lower-level control device 62, and the power conditioning system 63, or all three of these may be combined to form a single device.

The configuration of the customer-installed system 50 is not limited to the configuration shown in Fig. 1, and various configurations including a storage battery and a mechanism for controlling the charging and discharging of the storage battery are possible. For example, the customer-installed system 50 does not have to include the photovoltaic power generation system 53.
Furthermore, the configuration of the consumer-installed system 50 may differ depending on the consumer. For example, the power conditioning system 63 may be configured as a multi-input power conditioning system (hybrid PCS), such as by connecting both the storage battery 64 and the solar power generation system 53 to the power conditioning system 63.

The large-scale energy storage system 70 provides a charging and discharging function for stabilizing the power grid 30. In the large-scale energy storage system 70, the lower-level control device 71 controls the charging and discharging of the large-scale storage battery 73 in cooperation with the power conditioning system 72 in response to instructions or requests from the upper-level control device 22. The lower-level control device 71 and the power conditioning system 72 may also be combined into a single device. In this case, the lower-level control device 71 converts DC power to AC power between the power grid 30 and the large-scale storage battery 73.

Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the upper control device 22. In the configuration shown in Figure 2, the upper control device 22 comprises a reference value determination unit 110 and a control information calculation unit 120. The reference value determination unit 110 comprises a constraint condition setting unit 111, an operation plan formulation unit 112, and a reference value output unit 113.

The upper control device 22 performs resource aggregation as described above. The ancillary services that the upper control device 22 targets for resource aggregation are also referred to as adjustment capacity provision services. Bidding for adjustment capacity provision services is conducted in units of product blocks, which are the contract unit periods for adjustment capacity provision services, and customer list patterns, which group together customers. In other words, for each product block, an adjustment capacity provision service is awarded for one of multiple customer list patterns.

A consumer list pattern is an example of a consumer group that includes multiple consumers and serves as the unit of contract for adjustment power provision services for each contract unit period (product block). When a consumer is registered in a consumer list pattern, this is an example of the consumer being included in a consumer group. When a consumer is registered in a consumer list pattern, this is also referred to as the consumer being included in the consumer list pattern.

Consumers are an example of a provider of adjustment capacity. Consumers also qualify as an example of a party that could become a provider of adjustment capacity, in that they provide adjustment capacity when there is an agreement for adjustment capacity provision services.

The upper control device 22 acquires bidding result information for the adjustment capacity provision service from the aggregation operator system 12, and plans the allocation of the adjustment capacity guarantee amount to the consumer so that the adjustment capacity contract amount indicated in the bidding result information can be secured.
Furthermore, the aggregator is required to declare a baseline to the supply and demand balancing market at least a predetermined time before the start of the balancing reserve service. The baseline is expressed in power value (e.g., kilowatts (kW)). The balancing reserve is calculated as the difference between the power value and the baseline.

In response to the above-mentioned request for reporting of reference values, the upper control device 22 plans the allocation of the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to the consumer prior to the deadline for reporting the reference values, and determines a reference value for each consumer in the plan. The upper control device 22 transmits the determined reference value for each consumer to the aggregation operator system 12, which then calculates a reference value for each consumer list pattern based on the reference value for each consumer and reports it to the supply and demand adjustment market. The reference value for each consumer list pattern can be said to be the reference value for adjustment capacity that the upper control device 22 has aggregated through resource aggregation.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the timing at which the upper level control device 22 plans allocation of the adjustment reserve capacity to the consumers.
In the example of FIG. 3, an example of a frame time of 30 minutes and an example of an integrated value of the command amount for each frame time is shown.

Figure 3 also shows product blocks of three hours each, consisting of six time slots, such as midnight to 3:00, 3:00 to 6:00, and 6:00 to 9:00. One hour before the start of each product block, a gate close (GC), which is the deadline for power generation and retail electricity companies to submit their plans, is set, and reference values for each consumer list pattern are required to be submitted at least 30 minutes before the gate close. Therefore, the aggregation operator system 12 declares the reference values for each consumer list pattern as the reference values for each product block at least one and a half hours before the start of each product block.

Before the aggregation operator system 12 declares the reference value for each consumer list pattern, the upper control device 22 plans the allocation of adjustment capacity reserves to consumers and communicates the reference value for each consumer determined in the plan to the aggregation operator system 12.
However, the time widths and timings shown in FIG. 3 are examples and are not limited to these.

Furthermore, the upper level control device 22 provides an energy management service to the consumer-installed system 50. In the energy management service, the upper level control device 22 adjusts the supply and demand of power in the consumer-installed system 50 based on a predetermined purpose, such as improving the efficiency of power use.
In particular, the upper control device 22 plans charging and discharging of the storage battery 64 of the customer-installed system 50 based on simultaneous multi-use in which the energy management service and the ancillary service are executed simultaneously.

The upper control device 22 may provide energy management services to some of the consumers who are the target of ancillary services. For example, there may be a consumer installation system 50 that provides ancillary services but does not provide energy management.

In addition, for some consumers, the storage system 60 may plan the energy management service. In this case, the lower-level control device 62 may notify the upper-level control device 22 of the energy management service plan. The upper-level control device 22 may then plan the ancillary service taking into account the energy management service plan notified by the lower-level control device 62.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing procedure in the power system 1.
4 , the aggregation operator system 12 notifies the upper control device 22 of contract-related information in advance (step S101). The contract-related information includes information on the contract for the provision of adjustment capacity between the aggregator and each consumer. For example, the contract-related information may include information such as a consumer list pattern, the contract details for the provision of adjustment capacity for each consumer registered in the consumer list pattern, and the specifications of the consumer-installed system 50.

In addition, if an energy management service is concluded between an aggregator and a consumer, the contract-related information may include information regarding the energy management service, such as the type of energy management service and the content of that service, for each consumer.

Furthermore, when a bid for a regulation power provision service is won, the aggregation operator system 12 notifies the upper control device 22 of the winning bid result (contract result) (step S102). For example, the winning bid is made for one week from Saturday to the following Friday. For each product block for one week that has been won, and for each type of service if there are multiple types of regulation power provision services, the aggregation operator system 12 notifies the upper control device 22 of information such as the won consumer list pattern, the regulation power contract amount (the contracted amount of regulation power secured), and the contract price.

Furthermore, for each product block, the upper control device 22 determines a reference value for each consumer (each consumer installation system 50) registered in the consumer list pattern that has been successful in bidding for that product block, and notifies the aggregation provider system 12 of this (step S103). As described above, for each product block, the upper control device 22 makes an operational plan for determining the reference value at least 90 minutes before the start of that product block, and notifies the aggregation provider system 12 of the reference value determined in the operational plan.

In the operational plan for determining the reference value, the upper control device 22 makes (drafts) a plan to allocate the agreed adjustment capacity reserve amount notified by the aggregation operator system 12 in step S102 to the consumers registered in the successful bidder list pattern.
The upper level control device 22 also plans the amount of charge and discharge of the storage battery 64 in the energy management service for each consumer, and determines the reference value so as to include the planned amount of charge and discharge.

The aggregation operator system 12 calculates the reference value for each consumer list pattern based on the reference value for each consumer registered in the successful consumer list pattern, and reports it to the supply and demand adjustment market system 13 (step S104). The supply and demand adjustment market system 13 is a system that provides a supply and demand adjustment market, which is a market for adjustment power trading.

During the period in which the adjustment power service is implemented (when the product block period arrives), the upper control device 22 makes an operational plan for implementing the adjustment power provision service at predetermined intervals, such as every 15 minutes, and controls each consumer installation system 50 based on the operational plan.
Specifically, the upper control device 22 receives status information of each customer installed system 50 from the lower control device 62 of that customer installed system 50 at predetermined intervals, such as every 15 minutes (step S105), and also receives a control command from the central load control system 11 (step S106). The control command from the central load control system 11 notifies the required amount of adjustment capacity within the agreed range of the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured.

Next, the upper control device 22 determines the charge/discharge amount of each consumer's storage battery 64 for each 30-minute frame time, for example, based on the notified required amount of adjustment power, and instructs the lower control device 62 to control the charge/discharge of the storage battery 64 (step S107).
The upper level control device 22 allocates the requested regulation capacity to the consumers registered in the successful bidder consumer list pattern within the range of the regulation capacity to be secured for each consumer determined in step S103.

The upper control device 22 sums up the charge/discharge amount for providing adjustment capability allocated to each consumer and the charge/discharge amount for the energy management service planned in step S103. Then, the upper control device 22 notifies the lower control device 62 of control command information indicating the calculated charge/discharge amount. In response, the upper control device 22 instructs the lower control device 62 to charge/discharge the storage battery 64 at the indicated charge/discharge amount.
The customer installed systems 50 of the customers registered in the successful customer list pattern are required to maintain the reference value even when they do not provide adjustment capacity.

The determination of the reference value by the upper control device 22 in step S103 will be further described.
The upper level control device 22 makes an operation plan for determining the reference value using, for example, the following information.

1. Information acquired by the upper control device 22 from the aggregation provider system 12 1-1. Information on the specifications of each customer-installed system 50 Upper limit value (AC chargeable amount) [kWh] and lower limit value (AC dischargeable amount) [kWh] of the remaining power storage capacity allowed for the storage battery 64
DC (direct current) maximum charge/discharge power value of the storage battery 64 (charge power upper limit value [kW], discharge power upper limit value [kW])
AC (alternating current) maximum charge/discharge power value of the power conditioning system 63 (charge power upper limit value [kW], discharge power upper limit value [kW])
AC/DC conversion efficiency and DC/AC conversion efficiency of the power conditioning system 63. Type of the power conditioning system 63 (hybrid PCS, separate PCS, etc.).
Maximum power generation value [kW] of the solar power generation system 53
・Grid connection status (whether reverse power flow due to frequency adjustment is permitted, etc.)
・Maximum power purchase value from the grid, maximum power sale value from the grid (upper limit of power sold to and purchased from the grid) [kW]
This information is included in the contract-related information acquired from the aggregation operator system 12 in step S101, for example.

1-2. Energy management service related information ・Energy management service status (peak cut, peak shift, solar power self-consumption, etc., energy management service mode (type))
- Peak cut threshold [kW]
- Power selling price [yen/kWh], power purchasing price by time period [yen/kWh]
- Energy management service plan (planned charging and discharging values for storage batteries for each time period)
This information is included in the contract-related information acquired from the aggregation operator system 12 in step S101, for example.

1-3. Successful bidder list patterns and contracted amounts of adjustment capacity for each service (primary adjustment capacity, secondary adjustment capacity (1), secondary adjustment capacity (2), etc.) in each product block. This information is included in the successful bid result information acquired from the aggregation operator system 12 in step S102, for example.

2. Information acquired by the upper control device 22 from the lower control device 62 2-1. Power supply and demand information of each consumer installed system 50 (each resource), cumulative consumer load power amount, cumulative generated power amount, cumulative grid purchase amount, and cumulative grid sale amount. This information is included in the status information acquired from the lower control device 62 in step S105, for example.

2-2. Latest battery information: AC (alternating current) chargeable/dischargeable power value (charge upper limit [kW], discharge upper limit [kW] of battery 64)
・Remaining storage capacity (SOC (State Of Charge))

This information is included, for example, in the status information acquired from the lower-level control device 62 in step S105. The status information acquired by the upper-level control device 22 for the operational plan (step S107) for implementing a service in a certain product block may be used in the operational plan (step S103) for determining the reference value in the next product block.

Using this information, the upper control device 22 calculates the reference value and the available adjustment capacity of each consumer installation system 50 for all consumers (all consumers registered in any consumer list pattern) for each frame hour (in 30-minute increments) for 24 hours starting from the next frame hour from the current time.
In this case, as described below, the upper control device 22 performs calculations for each product block so that the amount of adjustment capacity provided for the customer installation systems 50 of customers for which the provision of adjustment capacity has not been agreed upon in that product block is zero.

Here, it may be preferable to create a plan for a relatively long period, such as one day, for the energy management service. For example, to create an effective plan for peak shifting, the plan must include time periods when electricity rates are low and time periods when electricity rates are high. Therefore, the upper-level control device 22 creates a 24-hour plan as described above.
However, the period that the upper control device 22 plans is not limited to 24 hours, but can be any period that includes multiple product blocks.

The upper control device 22 prepares a plan for each product block so that the sum of the available adjustment capacity provided by the consumers registered in the successful consumer list pattern matches the adjustment capacity contract amount notified by the aggregation operator system 12 in step S102.

The upper level control device 22 formulates a plan for determining the reference value, for example, in the following procedure.
(A) Demand forecast The upper control device 22 collects power supply and demand information (cumulative consumer load power amount, cumulative generated power amount, etc.) of each consumer installation system 50 (resource) from the lower control device 62, and performs load demand forecast for each consumer installation system 50 for a specified period.

(B) Determination of energy management The upper control device 22 obtains energy management-related information (energy management status, peak cut threshold, electricity selling price, electricity purchasing price by time period, etc.) from the aggregation operator system 12 or the lower control device 62, and determines the energy management being implemented by each consumer.

Specifically, the upper control device 22 grasps conditions such as the mode (type) of energy management service, such as peak shift or peak cut, the threshold for peak cut, and the electricity rates by time period for peak shift. When energy management for a consumer is planned, or when the upper control device 22 prepares a plan for energy management for a consumer, the upper control device 22 prepares a plan for the adjustment power provision service taking that plan into account.

(C) Collection of Latest Battery Status The upper control device 22 collects the latest information (such as the upper charge limit and upper discharge limit, SOC, etc. of the storage battery 64) of each consumer from the lower control device 62.

(D) Obtaining static information of consumers The upper control device 22 obtains status information of each consumer-installed system 50 and specification information of the power storage system 60 (such as the upper charge and discharge limits of the storage battery 64, the upper and lower limits of the remaining power storage capacity, the AC/DC conversion efficiency and DC/AC conversion efficiency of the power conditioning system 63, the type of the power conditioning system 63 (hybrid PCS, separate PCS), and the grid connection status) from the aggregation operator system 12.

(E) Obtaining adjustment capacity contract amount The upper control device 22 obtains the successful bidder list patterns and adjustment capacity contract amounts for each service (primary adjustment capacity, secondary adjustment capacity (1), secondary adjustment capacity (2), etc.) in each product block from the aggregation operator system 12.

(F) Planning The upper-level control device 22 uses this information to generate an optimization problem and then solves the resulting optimization problem to create a plan. For example, the upper-level control device 22 sets as constraints equations that represent physical limitations or changes that must be satisfied.

In addition, the upper control device 22 uses an objective function that evaluates more highly the greater the total for all consumers of the financial gains of consumers from the provision of adjustment power and the financial gains of consumers from the implementation of energy management. For the electricity purchased by consumers, the objective function evaluates more highly highly the smaller the total for all consumers of electricity charges.

The upper control device 22 plans operations for providing adjustment capacity and operations for energy management for each consumer by solving an optimization problem that searches for a solution that maximizes the evaluation indicated by the objective function under the obtained constraints. For example, the upper control device 22 calculates, for each consumer and for each 30-minute frame, the amount of charge and discharge of the storage battery 64 through energy management, the reference value (reference value for adjustment capacity), and the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured.

At this time, the upper control device 22 causes the reference value to reflect the charge/discharge amount of the storage battery 64 due to energy management. This can be done, for example, by including in the constraints an equation that indicates the relationship between the charge/discharge amount of the storage battery 64 due to energy management and the reference value.
Furthermore, as will be described later, for each product block, the upper control device 22 performs calculations so that the amount of adjustment capacity provided is zero for the customer installation systems 50 of customers for which the provision of adjustment capacity has not been agreed upon in that product block.

In the configuration shown in Figure 2, the reference value determination unit 110 performs various processes to determine the reference value (reference value of adjustment capacity) for each consumer described above. For example, the reference value determination unit 110 performs the processes from steps S101 to S104 in Figure 4.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 sets constraint conditions for the optimization problem to determine the reference value for each consumer. In particular, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets constraint conditions including a mathematical formula for setting the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity to 0 for combinations of product blocks and consumers included in the planning period that do not have a contract for adjustment capacity provision services.

That is, for each product block included in the above-mentioned 24-hour planning period, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets a constraint condition including a mathematical formula for setting the amount of adjustment capacity secured for the combination of that product block and that consumer to zero for consumers who are not registered in the consumer list pattern that has won a bid for that product block.
The constraint condition setting unit 111 is an example of a constraint condition setting means.

Here, if the planning period includes multiple product blocks, such as when the planning period is set to 24 hours as described above, it is possible that the winning customer list pattern will differ for each product block. In this case, the customer installation system 50 that is the target of the optimization problem will differ for each product block.

In this way, if the consumer installation system 50 that is the target of the optimization problem differs for each product block, it is also possible to generate separate optimization problems for the operation of the consumer installation system 50 related to energy management and the operation of the consumer installation system 50 related to the provision of adjustment power.
For example, for the operation of the consumer installed system 50 related to energy management, it is conceivable to generate an optimization problem for a planning period such as 24 hours. Also, for the operation of the consumer installed system 50 related to the provision of adjustment capacity, it is conceivable to generate an optimization problem for each product block, targeting the consumers registered in the consumer list pattern that has been successful in bidding for that product block.

However, this method does not adequately reflect in the plan the relationship between the operation of the customer installation system 50 for energy management and the operation of the customer installation system 50 for providing adjustment power. In this respect, it is thought that the accuracy of the plan will be low.

For example, with regard to the charge/discharge amount of the storage battery 64 (both the charge/discharge power and the charge/discharge power amount), there is a trade-off between the amount usable for energy management and the amount reserved for adjustment capacity. In contrast, if optimization problems are generated separately for the operation of the consumer installed system 50 related to energy management and the operation of the consumer installed system 50 related to the provision of adjustment capacity, either the amount usable for energy management or the amount reserved for adjustment capacity will be determined first. For this reason, it is conceivable that an appropriate allocation between the amount usable for energy management and the amount reserved for adjustment capacity cannot be found.

In addition, the upper control device 22 must repeatedly determine the reference value for each consumer every three hours (for each product block). Furthermore, it is conceivable that there will be a large number of consumers that are the subject of the plan, as a maximum of 9,999 consumers can be registered in one consumer list pattern. For this reason, there are time and computational resource limitations when the upper control device 22 calculates the reference value for each consumer. For example, it is considered that a method such as repeatedly running simulations of the operation of the consumer-installed system 50 to search for highly rated operations cannot be adopted.

Therefore, as described above, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets constraint conditions including a mathematical formula for setting the amount of adjustment capacity to zero for combinations of product blocks and consumers included in the planning period for which no adjustment capacity provision service agreement has been made.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 can set constraint conditions so that, for each consumer, the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity in product blocks where there is no contract for the adjustment capacity provision service is 0. In this regard, the constraint conditions set by the constraint condition setting unit 111 allow each consumer to be treated as if they were participating in the adjustment capacity provision service throughout the planning period, and by setting the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity to 0 in product blocks where there is no actual contract, the validity of the plan obtained by solving the optimization problem can be ensured.

The reference value determination unit 110 can set an optimization problem that collectively represents the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for energy management and the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for securing adjustment capacity for each product block, using the constraint conditions set by the constraint condition setting unit 111. In this regard, the optimization problem set by the reference value determination unit 110 is expected to fully reflect the relationship between the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for energy management and the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for providing adjustment capacity. The plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving this optimization problem is expected to appropriately allocate the amount available for energy management and the amount secured for adjustment capacity.
Furthermore, the reference value determination unit 110 can create a plan for the adjustment power providing service for a period longer than the product block.

Furthermore, because the presence or absence of a contract for the adjustment capacity provision service is expressed by a mathematical formula rather than by a conditional branch, when the reference value determination unit 110 solves this optimization problem, there is no need to distinguish between the presence or absence of a contract for the adjustment capacity provision service and change the processing accordingly.
Furthermore, as described above, in the plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving this optimization problem, for each consumer, the amount of adjustment capacity secured is 0 for product blocks that do not have a contract for adjustment capacity provision services, which is consistent with the bidding situation for adjustment capacity provision services.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 may set a constraint condition including a mathematical expression that sets the amount of secured adjustment capacity to 0 for a combination of a product block and a consumer for which no agreement for an adjustment capacity provision service has been made. For example, the constraint condition setting unit 111 may set a constraint condition including an equation that substitutes 0 for a variable that indicates the amount of secured adjustment capacity for a combination of a product block and a consumer for which no agreement for an adjustment capacity provision service has been made.
As a result, even in the plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving the optimization problem, it is expected that the amount of adjustment capacity secured will be zero for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no adjustment capacity provision service is agreed upon.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 may set a constraint condition including a mathematical formula that sets the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to 0 for a combination of a product block and a consumer list pattern for which no adjustment capacity provision service agreement has been made. For example, the constraint condition setting unit 111 may set a constraint condition including an equation that assigns 0 to a variable indicating the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured for a combination of a product block and a consumer list pattern for which no adjustment capacity provision service agreement has been made.

In this case, the constraints of the optimization problem may include an equation indicating that the amount of secured adjustment capacity in a consumer list pattern is the sum of the amounts of secured adjustment capacity for all consumers included in the consumer list pattern. Alternatively, the constraint condition setting unit 111 or the operation plan planning unit 112 may expand the equation that sets the amount of secured adjustment capacity to 0 for a combination of a product block and a consumer list pattern into an equation that sets the amount of secured adjustment capacity to 0 for a combination of a product block and each consumer included in the consumer list pattern.
As a result, in the plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving the optimization problem, it is expected that the amount of adjustment capacity secured will be 0 for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no adjustment capacity provision service is agreed upon.

In addition to the constraint condition setting unit 111 establishing a formula that sets the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to 0 for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no adjustment capacity provision service agreement has been made, the constraint condition setting unit 111 may also establish a formula that sets the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to 0 for combinations of product blocks and consumer list patterns for which no adjustment capacity provision service agreement has been made.

Alternatively, instead of the constraint condition setting unit 111 establishing a formula that sets the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to 0 for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no adjustment capacity provision service agreement has been made, the constraint condition setting unit 111 may establish a formula that sets the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to 0 for combinations of product blocks and consumer list patterns for which no adjustment capacity provision service agreement has been made.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 may set constraint conditions including a mathematical formula that sets the remuneration unit price for the adjustment power provision service at 0 or less for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no adjustment power provision service agreement has been made. In this case, an evaluation function that indicates a higher evaluation the greater the total monetary gain of all consumers that are the subject of the optimization problem can be used as the evaluation function for the optimization problem.

If the remuneration unit price is 0 or less, the remuneration (monetary gain) calculated by multiplying the remuneration unit price by the amount of adjustment capacity provided will also be 0 or less. Therefore, it is expected that the reference value determination unit 110 will calculate the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured as 0 for product blocks and consumers for which the remuneration unit price is 0 or negative, based on the above evaluation function.

The operational planning unit 112 prepares an operational plan for the adjustment power provision service for each of all consumers targeted by the upper control device 22, based on the electricity supply and demand situation in the consumer installation system 50 throughout the planning period including multiple product blocks, regardless of whether an adjustment power provision service has been agreed upon in each individual product block.

For example, the operation plan for the adjustment power provision service and energy management for the planning period is formulated by solving an optimization problem using the constraint conditions set by the constraint condition setting unit 111. In particular, the operation plan formulation unit 112 determines reference values for each consumer when formulating the operation plan. The operation plan formulation unit 112 is an example of an operation plan formulation means.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 may include, in the constraint conditions of the optimization problem, constraint conditions based on the power supply and demand situation in the consumer installation system 50. In this case, solving the optimization problem by the operation plan formulation unit 112 corresponds to an example of formulating an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service based on the power supply and demand situation in the consumer installation system 50.

The electricity supply and demand situation in the consumer-installed system 50 referred to here can be various situations related to the electricity supply and demand in the consumer-installed system 50. For example, the constraint setting unit 111 may set constraints for the optimization problem based on information from the aggregation operator system 12 and information from the lower-level control device 62 (static information such as specification information, and dynamic information such as status information), as described above.

As described above, the constraint condition setting unit 111 may set a constraint condition including a mathematical expression that sets the remuneration unit price of the adjustment power provision service to 0 or less for a combination of a contract unit period and a consumer for which no contract for the adjustment power provision service has been made. In this case, the operation plan formulation unit 112 may solve the optimization problem using an evaluation function that indicates a higher evaluation the greater the total monetary gain of all consumers that are targets of the optimization problem.
The reference value output unit 113 notifies the aggregation operator system 12 of the reference value for each consumer determined by the operation plan formulation unit 112 .

The control information calculation unit 120 performs various processes to determine the charge/discharge amount of each consumer's storage battery 64 and to instruct the lower-level control device 62 to control charge/discharge. For example, the control information calculation unit 120 performs the processes from step S105 to S107 in Figure 4.

As described above, the operational planning unit 112 targets at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing the power system, and for each consumer, regardless of whether or not an adjustment power provision service has been agreed upon in at least one product block, prepares an operational plan for the adjustment power provision service provided by that consumer's customer installation system 50 during the planning period including that product block.

As described above, the operation planning unit 112 creates an operation plan for the adjustment capacity provision service regardless of whether or not a contract for the adjustment capacity provision service has been concluded for the combination of the consumer and the contract unit period for the adjustment capacity provision service. In this respect, the upper control device 22 can create a plan for the adjustment capacity provision service without having to select the target of the plan depending on the contract status of the adjustment capacity provision service.

Furthermore, the operational planning unit 112 can also include combinations of consumers and contract unit periods for which there is no contract for the adjustment capacity provision service in the planning. As a result, when the adjustment capacity provision service is implemented simultaneously with a service (referred to as "other services") for which it is preferable to set a planning period including multiple product blocks, such as peak shifting, the operational planning unit 112 can plan the adjustment capacity provision service for each product block by reflecting not only the impact of the implementation of the other services in that product block, but also the impact of the implementation of the other services over the entire planning period. In this respect, the operational planning unit 112 can plan the adjustment capacity provision service by reflecting the impact of other services with a relatively high degree of accuracy.

In addition, the operation plan formulation unit 112 formulates an operation plan for the adjustment power providing service based on the state of power supply and demand in the consumer installed system 50 .
This is expected to enable the operation plan formulation unit 112 to formulate an operation plan for the adjustment power providing service with high accuracy.

In addition, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets constraint conditions including a mathematical formula for setting the amount of adjustment power provision service secured to 0 for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no adjustment power provision service agreement has been made. The operation plan formulation unit 112 formulates an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service for the planning period by solving an optimization problem using the constraint conditions set by the constraint condition setting unit 111.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 can set constraint conditions so that, for each consumer, the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity in product blocks where there is no contract for the adjustment capacity provision service is 0. In this regard, the constraint conditions set by the constraint condition setting unit 111 allow each consumer to be treated as if they were participating in the adjustment capacity provision service throughout the planning period, and by setting the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity to 0 in product blocks where there is no actual contract, the validity of the plan obtained by solving the optimization problem can be ensured.

The reference value determination unit 110 can set an optimization problem that collectively represents the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for energy management and the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for securing adjustment capacity for each product block, using the constraint conditions set by the constraint condition setting unit 111. In this regard, the optimization problem set by the reference value determination unit 110 is expected to fully reflect the relationship between the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for energy management and the operation of the consumer installed system 50 for providing adjustment capacity. The plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving this optimization problem is expected to appropriately allocate the amount available for energy management and the amount secured for adjustment capacity.
Furthermore, the reference value determination unit 110 can create a plan for the adjustment power providing service for a period longer than the product block.

Furthermore, because the presence or absence of a contract for the adjustment capacity provision service is expressed by a mathematical formula rather than by a conditional branch, when the reference value determination unit 110 solves this optimization problem, there is no need to distinguish between the presence or absence of a contract for the adjustment capacity provision service and change the processing accordingly.
Furthermore, as described above, in the plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving this optimization problem, for each consumer, the amount of adjustment capacity secured is 0 for product blocks that do not have a contract for adjustment capacity provision services, which is consistent with the bidding situation for adjustment capacity provision services.

Furthermore, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets a constraint condition including a mathematical formula that sets the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity to 0 for a combination of a product block and a consumer for which no adjustment capacity providing service is agreed upon.
As a result, even in the plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving the optimization problem, it is expected that the amount of adjustment capacity secured will be zero for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no adjustment capacity provision service is agreed upon.

Furthermore, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets a constraint condition including a mathematical expression that sets the amount of guaranteed adjustment capacity to 0 for a combination of a product block and a consumer list pattern for which no agreement for the adjustment capacity providing service is made.
Here, the secured amount of adjustment capability in a customer list pattern is the total secured amount of adjustment capability of the customers included in that customer list pattern.

As a result, even in the plan obtained by the reference value determination unit 110 solving the optimization problem, for combinations of product blocks and customer list patterns for which no contract for adjustment capacity provision services is made, it is expected that the amount of adjustment capacity secured for the combination of that product block and each customer included in that customer list pattern will be zero.

The constraint condition setting unit 111 also sets constraint conditions including a mathematical formula that sets the remuneration unit price for the adjustment power provision service at 0 or less for combinations of product blocks and consumers for which no agreement for adjustment power provision services has been made. The operation plan formulation unit 112 solves the optimization problem using an evaluation function that indicates a higher evaluation the greater the total monetary gain of all consumers that are the subject of the optimization problem.

If the remuneration unit price is 0 or less, the remuneration (monetary gain) calculated by multiplying the remuneration unit price by the amount of adjustment capacity provided will also be 0 or less. Therefore, it is expected that the reference value determination unit 110 will calculate the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured as 0 for product blocks and consumers for which the remuneration unit price is 0 or negative, based on the above evaluation function.

Second Embodiment
In the second and third embodiments, more specific examples of the first embodiment will be described. In the second and third embodiments, the power system and the individual configurations of its components are the same as those described in the first embodiment. The second and third embodiments will also be described using the configurations shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
In the second embodiment, an example will be described in which the upper control device 22 sets an optimization problem for each consumer list pattern.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting the contract status of the adjustment power providing service in the optimization problem according to the second embodiment.
5 shows nine consecutive product blocks numbered #1 to #9. The duration of eight consecutive product blocks out of these nine blocks, 24 hours, is assumed to be the duration for which the upper control device 22 formulates an operation plan.

5 also shows the customer list patterns for which bids were made for each of the nine product blocks. Five customer list patterns, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C8, are shown in FIG.
Of these customer list patterns, the customer list patterns C1 and C3 each have the following customers registered therein.
Customer list pattern C1: A1-A40
Customer list pattern C3: A1-A20, B1-B20

In this way, 40 customers, A1 to A40, are registered in customer list pattern C1. Also, 40 customers, A1 to A20 and B1 to B20, are registered in customer list pattern C3.
In addition, consumers A1 to A20 are registered in both consumer list patterns C1 and C3. It is assumed that consumer list patterns C2, C4, and C5 do not have any consumers that are registered in either consumer list pattern C1 or C3.

In the second embodiment, the reference value determination unit 110 sets an optimization problem for each customer list pattern. Specifically, the reference value determination unit 110 sets an optimization problem for the customers A1 to A40 registered in the customer list pattern that have won bids for the product block for which the reference value is to be determined.
Hereinafter, the product block for which the reference value is determined will be referred to as the “target product block.” Also, the customer list pattern for which a successful bid has been made in the target product block will be referred to as the “target customer list pattern.”

In addition, for product blocks for which the target consumer list pattern has been successfully bid, the reference value determination unit 110 (constraint condition setting unit 111) generates a formula based on the bidding results for each consumer registered in the target consumer list pattern and includes it in the constraint conditions. On the other hand, for product blocks for which the target consumer list pattern has not been successfully bid, the constraint condition setting unit 111 generates a formula for setting the amount of adjustment capacity secured to zero for each consumer registered in the target consumer list pattern and includes it in the constraint conditions. Specifically, the constraint condition setting unit 111 includes in the constraint conditions a formula that sets the amount of adjustment capacity secured in the consumer installation system 50 of each consumer registered in the target consumer list pattern to zero.

As described above, the constraint condition setting unit 111 may include in the constraint conditions a mathematical formula that sets the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to 0. Alternatively, the constraint condition setting unit 111 may include in the constraint conditions a mathematical formula that sets the remuneration unit price for the adjustment capacity provision service to 0 or less.

For example, in product block #1, customer list pattern C1 has been awarded. Therefore, the reference value determination unit 110 creates a 24-hour operation plan for the customer installation system 50 of the customers registered in customer list pattern C1 and determines the reference value for each customer in product block #1.

In this case, for product blocks #1 and #5 for which customer list pattern C1 has been awarded, the constraint condition setting unit 111 includes in the constraint conditions a formula based on the bidding results for each customer registered in customer list pattern C1. On the other hand, for product blocks #2, #3, #4, #6, #7 and #8 for which customer list pattern C1 has not been awarded, the constraint condition setting unit 111 includes in the constraint conditions a formula that causes the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to be 0 for each customer registered in customer list pattern C1.

Furthermore, in product block #2, customer list pattern C3 has been sold. Therefore, the reference value determination unit 110 creates a 24-hour operation plan for the customer installation system 50 of the customers registered in customer list pattern C3 and determines the reference value for each customer in product block #2.

In this case, for product blocks #2, #3, and #8 for which customer list pattern C3 has been successfully bid, the constraint condition setting unit 111 includes in the constraint conditions a formula based on the bidding results for each customer registered in customer list pattern C3. On the other hand, for product blocks #4, #5, #6, #7, and #8 for which customer list pattern C3 has not been successfully bid, the constraint condition setting unit 111 includes in the constraint conditions a formula that causes the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured to be 0 for each customer registered in customer list pattern C3.

In this way, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets, for each consumer list pattern, a constraint condition including a formula for setting the amount of adjustment capacity to zero for a combination of a product block included in the planning period and a consumer registered in a consumer list pattern that does not have a contract for adjustment capacity provision services in that product block.
The operation plan formulation unit 112 solves an optimization problem for each customer list pattern using constraints for each customer list pattern.

As a result, the operation plan formulation unit 112 formulates a plan based on both the adjustment power providing service plan and the energy management service plan for the product block for which the target consumer list pattern has been successfully bid.
On the other hand, for product blocks for which the target consumer list pattern has not been sold, the operation plan creation unit 112 does not actually plan the adjustment power providing service, but creates a plan based only on the energy management service.

Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of the processing procedure by which the upper control device 22 in the second embodiment performs the adjustment power provision service. The upper control device 22 performs the processing of Figure 6 for each product block before the aggregation operator system 12 declares the reference value to the supply and demand adjustment market system 13.

In the process of FIG. 6, the upper control device 22 starts a loop L1 for performing processing for each customer list pattern (step S201).
Next, the reference value determination unit 110 formulates an operation plan for the customer list pattern being processed in the loop L1 (step S202). As described above, the reference value determination unit 110 formulates an operation plan by setting and solving an optimization problem for the customer list pattern being processed in the loop L1.

For the consumer installation systems 50 of consumers registered in the consumer list pattern for which the reference value is to be determined (the consumer list pattern for which a bid has been made in the next product block), the reference value determination unit 110 determines the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured, the reference value, and the control of the equipment in the consumer installation systems 50 for energy management. For other consumer installation systems 50, the reference value determination unit 110 determines the control of the equipment in the consumer installation systems 50 for energy management.

Next, the reference value output unit 113 determines whether the customer list pattern being processed in loop L1 is a customer list pattern that has been won in the next product block (the product block whose time has come next) (step S203).

If it is determined that the customer list pattern is a successful bidder in the next product block (step S203: YES), the reference value output unit 113 transmits the reference values of each customer registered in that customer list pattern to the aggregation operator system 12 (step S204).

Next, the upper control device 22 performs termination processing of loop L1 (step S205). Specifically, the upper control device 22 determines whether or not loop L1 processing has been performed for all customer list patterns. If the upper control device 22 determines that there are unprocessed customer list patterns, processing returns to step S201, and the upper control device 22 continues processing loop L1 for the unprocessed customer list patterns. On the other hand, if it determines that loop L1 processing has been performed for all customer list patterns, the upper control device 22 terminates loop L1.

If the upper control device 22 ends loop L1 in step S205, the control information calculation unit 120 waits for the arrival of the time of the product block for which the reference value output unit 113 sent the reference value in step S204, and controls the consumer-installed system 50 (step S206). The control information calculation unit 120 notifies the lower control device 62 of control command information and instructs it to control each part of the consumer-installed system 50.

The control information calculation unit 120 performs control for providing adjustment capacity and control for energy management for the customer-installed systems 50 of customers registered in the customer list pattern that was successfully bid on for that product block. For other customer-installed systems 50, the control information calculation unit 120 performs control for energy management.

After step S206, the upper level control device 22 ends the process of FIG.
On the other hand, if the reference value output unit 113 determines in step S203 that the customer list pattern is not a customer list pattern that has been successfully bid on in the next product block (step S203: NO), the process proceeds to step S205.

As described above, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets, for each consumer list pattern, constraint conditions including a formula for setting the amount of adjustment capacity to zero for combinations of product blocks included in the planning period and consumers registered in a consumer list pattern that does not have an agreement for adjustment capacity provision services in that product block. The operation plan creation unit 112 solves the optimization problem for each consumer list pattern using the constraint conditions for each consumer list pattern.

The upper control device 22 according to the second embodiment generates an optimization problem for a single customer list pattern, so the size of the optimization problem is relatively small. In this respect, the upper control device 22 according to the second embodiment is expected to be able to obtain a highly evaluated solution to the optimization problem in a relatively short time.

Furthermore, in the upper control device 22 according to the second embodiment, when solving the optimization problem for each customer list pattern, there is no need to consider the influence of other customer list patterns. Therefore, in the upper control device 22 according to the second embodiment, each optimization problem can be solved by parallel processing, and it is expected that the calculation time will be relatively short.

Third Embodiment
In the third embodiment, an example will be described in which the upper control device 22 sets one optimization problem for all consumers.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting the contract status of the adjustment power providing service in the optimization problem according to the third embodiment.

As in the case of FIG. 5, in FIG. 7, nine consecutive product blocks #1 to #9 are shown, and the list patterns of customers who have made successful bids for each product block are the same as in the case of FIG.
The consumers registered in each consumer list pattern are also assumed to be the same as those in Figure 5. In particular, consumer list pattern C1 has 40 consumers registered, consumers A1 to A40, and consumer list pattern C3 has 40 consumers registered, consumers A1 to A20 and consumers B1 to B20. In this way, consumers A1 to A20 are registered in both consumer list patterns C1 and C3, while consumer list patterns C2, C4, and C5 do not have any consumers that are registered in either consumer list pattern C1 or C3.
The length of time for which the upper level control device 22 formulates an operation plan is also assumed to be 24 hours, the same as in the case of FIG.

In the third embodiment, the reference value determination unit 110 sets an optimization problem targeting all consumers (all consumers registered in at least one consumer list pattern).
As a result, in the third embodiment, the handling of consumers registered in multiple consumer list patterns is particularly different from that in the second embodiment. In the third embodiment, the reference value determination unit 110 generates an optimization problem for consumers registered in multiple consumer list patterns, in which the contracts resulting from successful bids for each consumer list pattern are reflected.

For example, when the reference value determination unit 110 determines the reference value for product block #1, among the consumers registered in customer list pattern C1 who have won bids, consumers A1 to A20 are also registered in customer list pattern C3. As a result, consumers A1 to A20 are contracted not only in product blocks #1 and #5 for which customer list pattern C1 has been won, but also in product blocks #2, #3, and #8 for which customer list pattern C3 has been won.

In the third embodiment, the reference value determination unit 110 sets an optimization problem targeting all consumers, and the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets constraint conditions that reflect successful bids for all consumer list patterns.
Therefore, the constraint setting unit 111 sets constraints that reflect the agreements of any of product blocks #1, #2, #3, #5, and #8 for consumers A1 to A20 in the optimization problem for the operational plan in product block #1.
In addition, the constraint setting unit 111 sets constraints for consumers A1 to A20 in the optimization problem for the operation plan in product block #1 that reflect the agreements of any of product blocks #2, #3, #5, and #8.

Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of the processing procedure by which the upper control device 22 in the third embodiment performs the adjustment power provision service. The upper control device 22 performs the processing of Figure 8 for each product block before the aggregation operator system 12 declares the reference value to the supply and demand adjustment market system 13.

8, the reference value determination unit 110 formulates an operation plan for all consumers (step S301). As described above, the reference value determination unit 110 formulates an operation plan by setting and solving an optimization problem for all consumers.
For the customer installed systems 50 for which the reference value is to be determined (customer installed systems 50 of customers registered in the customer list pattern for which a bid has been made in the next product block), the reference value determination unit 110 determines the amount of adjustment capacity to be secured, the reference value, and the energy management control of the devices in the customer installed systems 50. For other customer installed systems 50, the reference value determination unit 110 determines the energy management control of the devices in the customer installed systems 50.

Next, the upper level control device 22 starts a loop L2 for performing processing for each customer list pattern (step S302).
Next, the reference value output unit 113 determines whether the customer list pattern being processed in loop L2 is a customer list pattern that has been won in the next product block (the product block whose time has come next) (step S303).

If it is determined that the customer list pattern is a successful bidder in the next product block (step S303: YES), the reference value output unit 113 transmits the reference values of each customer registered in that customer list pattern to the aggregation operator system 12 (step S304).

Next, the upper control device 22 performs termination processing of loop L2 (step S305). Specifically, the upper control device 22 determines whether or not loop L2 processing has been performed for all customer list patterns. If the upper control device 22 determines that there are unprocessed customer list patterns, processing returns to step S302, and the upper control device 22 continues processing loop L2 for the unprocessed customer list patterns. On the other hand, if it determines that loop L2 processing has been performed for all customer list patterns, the upper control device 22 ends loop L2.

If the upper control device 22 ends loop L2 in step S305, the control information calculation unit 120 waits for the arrival of the time of the product block for which the reference value output unit 113 sent the reference value in step S304, and controls the consumer-installed system 50 (step S306). The control information calculation unit 120 notifies the lower control device 62 of control command information and instructs it to control each part of the consumer-installed system 50.

The control information calculation unit 120 performs control for providing adjustment capacity and control for energy management for the customer-installed systems 50 of customers registered in the customer list pattern that was successfully bid on for that product block. For other customer-installed systems 50, the control information calculation unit 120 performs control for energy management.

After step S306, the upper level control device 22 ends the process of FIG.
On the other hand, if the reference value output unit 113 determines in step S303 that the customer list pattern is not a customer list pattern that has been successfully bid on in the next product block (step S303: NO), the process proceeds to step S305.

As described above, the constraint condition setting unit 111 sets constraint conditions including a formula for setting the amount of adjustment capacity to zero for combinations of product blocks and consumers that do not have a contract for adjustment capacity provision services, among combinations of product blocks included in the planning period and consumers that are included in at least one of the multiple consumer list patterns, and sets constraint conditions for the optimization problem for all consumers that are included in at least one of the multiple consumer list patterns.
The operation plan formulation unit 112 solves an optimization problem for all of the consumers included in at least one of the plurality of consumer list patterns.

The host control device 22 according to the third embodiment can generate an optimization problem for each consumer by reflecting the agreements resulting from successful bids for all consumer list patterns in which the consumer is registered, and can create a plan. In this respect, the host control device 22 according to the third embodiment is expected to be able to create plans with high accuracy.

Furthermore, in the upper control device 22 of the third embodiment, the overall scale of the problem can be evaluated as being relatively small in that consumers registered in multiple consumer list patterns are not repeatedly subject to the optimization problem for each consumer list pattern.
Furthermore, in the upper control device 22 according to the third embodiment, one optimization problem is generated for all consumers, so the number of optimization problems to be solved can be reduced.

In addition, the upper control device 22 in the third embodiment may target not all consumers, but only all consumers that belong to multiple contracted consumer list patterns during the specified period of the planned target.
This reduces the calculation cost.

Furthermore, when considering that the processing of the upper control device 22 is performed by temporarily receiving an optimization calculation execution environment, in the third embodiment, since parallel processing is not required, it is expected that the cost of using the optimization calculation execution environment will be relatively low.

<Fourth embodiment>
9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a control device according to the fourth embodiment. In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 9, a planning device 610 includes an operation plan formulation unit 611.

With this configuration, the operation planning unit 611 targets at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing the power system, and for each consumer, regardless of whether or not an agreement for the adjustment power provision service has been made for at least one agreement unit period of the adjustment power provision service, creates an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service by the consumer's system for a planning period that includes that agreement unit period.
The operation planning unit 611 is an example of an operation planning means.

As described above, the operation planning unit 611 creates an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service regardless of whether or not an adjustment power provision service contract exists for the combination of the consumer and the contract unit period for the adjustment power provision service. In this respect, the planning device 610 can create a plan for the adjustment power provision service without having to select the target of the plan depending on the contract status of the adjustment power provision service.

Furthermore, the operational planning unit 611 can also include combinations of consumers and contract unit periods for which there is no contract for the adjustment reserve provision service in the planning. As a result, when the adjustment reserve provision service is implemented simultaneously with a service (referred to as "other services") for which it is preferable to set a planning period including multiple contract unit periods, such as peak shifting, the operational planning unit 611 can plan the adjustment reserve provision service for each contract unit period, reflecting not only the impact of the implementation of the other service in that contract unit period, but also the impact of the implementation of the other service over the entire planning period. In this respect, the planning device 610 can plan the adjustment reserve provision service while reflecting the impact of other services with a relatively high degree of accuracy.

Fifth Embodiment
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a processing procedure in a planning method according to the fifth embodiment. The planning method shown in Fig. 10 includes formulating an operation plan (step S611).

In formulating an operational plan (step S611), the computer formulates an operational plan for the adjustment power provision service for the planning period by solving an optimization problem using constraints.

In the planning method shown in Figure 10, as described above, an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service is created regardless of whether or not an adjustment power provision service contract exists for the combination of the consumer and the contract unit period of the adjustment power provision service. In this respect, the planning method shown in Figure 10 allows the adjustment power provision service to be planned without having to select the target of the plan depending on the contract status of the adjustment power provision service.

Furthermore, according to the planning method shown in Figure 10, combinations of consumers and contract unit periods for which there is no contract for the adjustment reserve provision service can also be included in the planning. As a result, with the planning method shown in Figure 10, when the adjustment reserve provision service is implemented simultaneously with a service (referred to as "other service") for which it is preferable to set a planning period including multiple contract unit periods, such as peak shifting, the adjustment reserve provision service plan for each contract unit period can be prepared by reflecting not only the impact of the implementation of the other service in that contract unit period, but also the impact of the implementation of the other service over the entire planning period. In this respect, the planning method shown in Figure 10 allows the adjustment reserve provision service plan to be prepared by reflecting the impact of other services with a relatively high degree of accuracy.

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment.
In the configuration shown in FIG. 11, a computer 700 includes a CPU 710 , a main memory device 720 , an auxiliary memory device 730 , an interface 740 , and a non-volatile recording medium 750 .

One or more of the above-mentioned upper control device 22 and planning device 610, or a portion thereof, may be implemented in the computer 700. In this case, the operation of each of the above-mentioned processing units is stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it in the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing in accordance with the program. The CPU 710 also allocates memory areas in the main storage device 720 corresponding to each of the above-mentioned memory units in accordance with the program. Communication between each device and other devices is carried out by the interface 740, which has communication functions and performs communication under the control of the CPU 710. The interface 740 also has a port for the non-volatile recording medium 750, and reads information from the non-volatile recording medium 750 and writes information to the non-volatile recording medium 750.

When the upper control device 22 is implemented in the computer 700, the operation of each part is stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above-mentioned processing in accordance with the program.

Furthermore, the CPU 710 reserves a storage area in the main storage device 720 for the host control device 22 to perform processing in accordance with the program.
Communication between the upper level control device 22 and other devices is performed by the interface 740 having a communication function and operating under the control of the CPU 710 .
Interaction between the host control device 22 and the user is carried out by the interface 740 having an input device and an output device, presenting information to the user via the output device under the control of the CPU 710, and accepting user operations via the input device.

When the planning device 610 is implemented in the computer 700, the operation of each part is stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, expands it into the main storage device 720, and executes the above processing in accordance with the program.

Furthermore, the CPU 710 allocates a storage area in the main storage device 720 for the planning device 610 to perform processing in accordance with the program.
Communication between the planning device 610 and other devices is performed by the interface 740 having a communication function and operating under the control of the CPU 710 .
Interaction between the planning device 610 and the user is performed by the interface 740 having an input device and an output device, presenting information to the user via the output device under the control of the CPU 710, and accepting user operations via the input device.

One or more of the above-mentioned programs may be recorded on non-volatile recording medium 750. In this case, interface 740 may read the program from non-volatile recording medium 750. Then, CPU 710 may directly execute the program read by interface 740, or may temporarily store the program in main memory device 720 or auxiliary memory device 730 and then execute it.

Note that the programs for executing all or part of the processing performed by the upper control device 22 and the planning device 610 may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the programs recorded on this recording medium may be read into a computer system and executed to perform the processing of each part. Note that the term "computer system" here includes hardware such as an OS and peripheral devices.
Furthermore, "computer-readable recording medium" refers to portable media such as flexible disks, optical magnetic disks, ROMs (Read Only Memory), and CD-ROMs (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), as well as storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems. The program may be one that realizes part of the functions described above, or may be one that can realize the functions described above in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.

The above describes in detail an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings, but the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment and also includes designs that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

The present invention may be applied to a planning device, a planning method, and a recording medium.

22 Upper level control device 110 Reference value determination unit 111 Constraint condition setting unit 112, 611 Operation plan formulation unit 113 Reference value output unit 120 Control information calculation unit 610 Planning device

Claims (7)

a constraint condition setting means for setting, for each consumer group, a constraint condition including a contract unit period included in the planning period and a consumer group that includes a plurality of consumers and serves as a contract unit for the adjustment power provision service for each contract unit period, a constraint condition including a mathematical formula for setting the secured amount of adjustment power to zero for a combination of a contract unit period included in the planning period and a consumer group that does not receive the adjustment power provision service in the contract unit period, the combination being a contract unit period for at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing the power system, regardless of whether the adjustment power provision service is provided by the consumer in at least one contract unit period of the adjustment power provision service;
an operation planning means for creating an operation plan for the adjustment power providing service during the planning period by solving an optimization problem using the constraint conditions ;
A planning device comprising: The operation plan formulation means formulates an operation plan for the adjustment power providing service based on a state of power supply and demand in the customer's system.
The planning device of claim 1 . the constraint condition setting means sets the constraint condition including a mathematical formula that sets the secured amount of adjustment capacity to 0 for a combination of the contract unit period and the consumer for which the adjustment capacity providing service is not provided.
The planning device according to claim 1 or 2 . the constraint condition setting means sets the constraint condition including a mathematical formula that sets the secured amount of adjustment power to 0 for a combination of the contract unit period in which the adjustment power provision service is not provided and a consumer group that includes a plurality of the consumers and is a contract unit for the adjustment power provision service for each contract unit period.
A planning device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . the constraint condition setting means sets the constraint condition including a mathematical formula that sets a remuneration unit price of the adjustment power provision service to 0 or less for a combination of the contract unit period and the consumer in which the adjustment power provision service is not provided,
the operation plan formulation means solves the optimization problem using an evaluation function that indicates a higher evaluation as the total monetary gain of all consumers that are targets of the optimization problem increases;
A planning device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . The computer
For at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing the power system, regardless of whether the adjustment power provision service is provided by the consumer in at least one contract unit period of the adjustment power provision service, a constraint condition is set for each consumer group as a constraint condition in an optimization problem for formulating an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service by the consumer's system in a planning period including the contract unit period, the constraint condition including a mathematical formula for setting the secured amount of adjustment power to zero for a contract unit period included in the planning period and a consumer group that includes a plurality of the consumers and serves as a contract unit for the adjustment power provision service for each contract unit period, and that is not provided with the adjustment power provision service in that contract unit period;
creating an operation plan for the adjustment reserve providing service during the planning period by solving an optimization problem using the constraint conditions;
A planning method that includes: On the computer,
For at least one consumer that can be a provider of adjustment power for stabilizing the power system, regardless of whether the adjustment power provision service is provided by the consumer in at least one contract unit period of the adjustment power provision service, as a constraint in an optimization problem for each consumer to create an operation plan for the adjustment power provision service by the consumer's system in a planning period including the contract unit period, the constraint including a mathematical formula for setting the secured amount of adjustment power to zero for a contract unit period included in the planning period and a consumer group that includes a plurality of the consumers and serves as a contract unit for the adjustment power provision service for each contract unit period, and that is not provided with the adjustment power provision service in that contract unit period;
creating an operation plan for the adjustment reserve providing service during the planning period by solving an optimization problem using the constraint conditions; and
A program to execute.