JP7721180B2 - Exterior structure - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to an exterior structure in which board-shaped flat exterior materials are attached to support members (cross bars) using retainers, and even if part of the flat exterior materials is damaged in a special environment (sudden natural disaster) such as a storm, they can be easily replaced with new flat exterior materials.

Traditionally, roofing sheets such as roof tiles and roof tiles have been widely used for roofing ordinary homes and relatively low-rise buildings, boasting characteristics such as corrosion resistance, fire resistance, texture, and traditional beauty. However, because their fastening method is simple, problems have been pointed out, such as limitations on where they can be used (laid). For example, they are restricted by the building's location, roof slope, and height, making them inappropriate for all types of buildings. Many of these problems stem from the fastening structure of these types of roofing sheets; fastening (retention) structures such as simply fastening the ridge edge of the tiles to the crossbeams, or using nails or copper wire in combination, are incapable of solving the aforementioned problems, and a structure that can provide reliable retention is therefore required.

For example, Patent Document 1, proposed by the applicant, aims to improve the ease of fastening battens to metal rafters arranged side by side on the left and right. It shows an example in which flat tile-type roofing materials with locking parts on the underwater side of the back surface are fixed to the subfloor (rafters) with battens (horizontal battens) arranged in the direction of the beams, and an example in which Japanese tile-type roofing materials with locking parts on the abovewater end of the back surface are fixed to the subfloor with battens. This exterior structure uses "plate-shaped exterior materials," but either flat tile-type or Japanese tile-type roofing materials are used, and both are configured with locking parts protruding in an L-shape on the back surface.

Special Publication No. 8-3248

However, the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and others do not have sufficient strength against sudden natural disasters. In other words, since the roofing material is only engaged at one point of the fastening part, it cannot be said to be very stable, and it does not solve the problem of being limited to the places where it can be used (laid).
In particular, if a crack occurs in the roof material, if it is only fastened in one place, the crack is likely to become larger due to flapping, etc., and if the crack is left as it is, broken pieces may fall from the roof surface, causing an accident.The impact of the fall is particularly large on construction surfaces with steep roof slopes, and there is a risk of causing great inconvenience to neighbors and causing serious secondary disasters.
Furthermore, as mentioned above, this exterior structure uses roofing material with a fastening section on the underwater side of the back surface. In case a crack occurs in one part of the roofing material, new roofing material must always be prepared. Furthermore, because the roofing material has a special shape with a fastening section, it is costly to manufacture, manage, and store the material.

The present invention aims to propose an exterior structure in which board-shaped flat exterior materials are attached to support members (cross bars) using retainers, and in which, even if part of the flat exterior materials is damaged in a special environment (sudden natural disaster) such as a storm, they can be easily replaced with new flat exterior materials.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above, and is an exterior structure in which a plurality of flat plate-shaped exterior materials arranged in the flow direction are attached to a support member arranged perpendicular to the flow direction using a holder that engages with the underwater ends of the flat plate-shaped exterior materials, the holder having an engaging portion that engages with the underwater end of the flat plate-shaped exterior material, a locking portion that locks with either the left or right side end of the exterior material, and an attachment portion that is received and supported by the support member, and a pair of left and right holders are used per flat plate-shaped exterior material, and the support member has an open underwater side and a receiving and supporting portion to which the mounting portion of the holder is attached in a receiving and supporting manner, wherein an elastic material is disposed within the engaging groove, and each of the flat plate-shaped exterior materials is attached by having its underwater end engaged with the engaging portion of the holder and its abovewater end elastically biased toward the underwater side by the elastic material compressed within the engaging groove of the support member, and the holders attached to adjacent flat plate-shaped exterior materials have side ends of their mounting portions arranged opposite each other to form joints .

The present invention also proposes an exterior structure using the above-mentioned plate-shaped exterior material, characterized in that a reinforcing material is provided adjacent to the back side of the flat-plate-shaped exterior material.

The exterior structure of the present invention is composed of a flat exterior material, a support member, two types of holders, and an elastic material, each of which has a simple configuration, and since the flat exterior material in particular is board-shaped, there are no costs involved in its production, management, or storage, and a variety of designs can be applied.In addition, the two types of holders can be made into simple, bilaterally symmetrical members, making them easy to produce.
In addition, the flat exterior material in this exterior structure is stably attached with at least two points, the above-water end and the below-water end, engaged with the support member and the holder, and elastically biased toward the below-water side by the elastic material. In other words, by engaging at multiple points and using the elastic material, the engagement strength between the flat exterior material and the substrate is increased, restrictions on installation locations are reduced, and the flat exterior material has a greater degree of freedom in relation to the roof or wall.
Furthermore, in the present invention, when replacing a damaged flat-plate exterior material with a new flat-plate exterior material, adjacent flat-plate exterior materials are hardly affected, and only the damaged flat-plate exterior material can be easily removed, and a new flat-plate exterior material can be easily attached, thereby significantly reducing the cost and time required for repair work.
Moreover, the side ends of the mounting parts of the holders attached to adjacent flat-plate exterior materials are arranged facing each other to form joints, so the side end faces of the adjacent flat-plate exterior materials do not collide with each other, preventing accidents such as breakage.

In addition, if a reinforcing material is provided adjacent to the back side of the flat-plate exterior material, when an external impact is applied to the surface of the flat-plate exterior material, the back side of the flat-plate exterior material will come into contact with the reinforcing material provided on the back side, preventing cracking of the flat-plate exterior material and accidents such as falling or scattering caused by such cracking.

(a) is a front view showing the exterior structure of Example 1, (b) is a bottom view of the exterior structure of Example 1 seen from below the water, (c) is a side view of the exterior structure of Example 1 seen from the right side, and (d) is an enlarged side view of the main parts. (a) A front view showing the exterior structure of Example 1 (part C surrounded by dotted lines indicates two adjacent types of retainers, and part D surrounded by dotted lines indicates the underwater end on the right side), (b) An enlarged front view of part D, (c) An enlarged front view of part C, (d) An oblique view of the exterior structure of Example 1 viewed from above (part B surrounded by dotted lines indicates the underwater end on the right side), (e) An enlarged oblique view of part B, (f) An oblique view of the exterior structure of Example 1 viewed from below (part A surrounded by dotted lines indicates the underwater end on the right side), (g) An enlarged oblique view of part A. (a) A front view showing a schematic diagram of the exterior structure of the reference example (part C surrounded by dotted lines indicates two adjacent types of retainers, and part D surrounded by dotted lines indicates the underwater end on the right side), (b) an enlarged front view of part D, (c) an enlarged front view of part C, (d) an oblique view of the exterior structure of the second embodiment viewed from above (part B surrounded by dotted lines indicates the underwater end on the right side), (e) an enlarged oblique view of part B, (f) an oblique view of the exterior structure of the reference example viewed from below (part A surrounded by dotted lines indicates the underwater end on the right side), (g) an enlarged oblique view of part A.

The exterior structure of the present invention is characterized in that multiple flat exterior materials arranged in the flow direction are attached to support members arranged perpendicular to the flow direction using retainers that engage with the underwater ends of the flat exterior materials.

The flat exterior material used in this invention has its underwater end engaged with the engaging part of the holder and its abovewater end attached to the engaging groove of the support member, but it is a board-shaped exterior material used for roofs and walls, and can be made of any material, including ceramics, and does not require any special shapes on either the front or back side. Therefore, for example, it may have a decorative surface with a designed uneven shape on the front side, or it may have an uneven shape formed on either or both the front and back sides to supplement its strength.
In the explanation of the present invention, the terms above-water end and below-water end are inevitably used frequently, but flat exterior materials on the above-water side will be referred to as upper-side flat exterior materials (or upper-side exterior materials), and flat exterior materials on the below-water side will be referred to as lower-side flat exterior materials (or lower-side exterior materials).

The holders used in the present invention are arranged in pairs, one on each side of each flat exterior material, i.e., two on each side, and have an engaging portion that engages with the underwater end of the flat exterior material, a locking portion that locks onto either the left or right side end of the flat exterior material, and an attachment portion that is supported by a support member.
The engaging portion may be any portion that can engage with the underwater end of the flat exterior material, and may be formed in a groove shape (U-shape) with an open above-water side into which the board-shaped underwater end of the flat exterior material can be fitted, as in the illustrated example described below.
Furthermore, the mounting portion may be any portion that can be supported by the support member, and may be formed in a groove shape with an open underwater side that can be supported by the upward piece-shaped support portion of the support member, as in the illustrated example described below.
Furthermore, the locking portion may be any portion that can be locked to either the left or right side end of the flat exterior material, and may be formed by extending a portion of the side end of the rear vertical surface that forms the locking portion outward and bending it toward the front side, as in the illustrated example described below.

In this description, the left and right sides refer to the left side as viewed from the front and the right side as viewed from the front, which is the opposite of the notation used for the flat exterior material.
The locking portion of the holder arranged near the left end of the flat exterior material is locked to the left end of the flat exterior material, and the locking portion in the illustrated embodiment described below is formed by extending a portion of the side edge of the rear vertical surface that forms the engagement portion outward to the left and bending it toward the front surface.
In addition, the locking portion of the holder arranged near the right end of the flat exterior material is locked to the right end of the flat exterior material, and the locking portion in the illustrated embodiment described below is formed by extending a portion of the side edge of the back vertical surface that forms the engagement portion outward to the right and bending it toward the front surface.
Such retainers are formed symmetrically in pairs, left and right, and therefore also serve to prevent the side end faces of adjacent flat exterior materials from abutting against each other (i.e., joints are automatically formed). Therefore, even if it becomes necessary to replace (exchange) the flat exterior material, the joints that are formed allow for easy replacement.

The support member used in the present invention is a cross bar (through member) arranged perpendicular to the flow direction, and is equipped with an engagement groove to which the above-water end of the flat exterior material is attached, and a support portion to which the mounting portion of the retainer is attached in a support-like manner.
The engagement groove may be any groove that can engage with the above-water end of the flat exterior material, and may be formed in a groove shape (inverted U-shape) that is open on the below-water side and into which the board-shaped above-water end of the flat exterior material can be fitted, as in the illustrated example described below.
Furthermore, the support portion may be any portion capable of supporting the mounting portion of the holder, and may be formed as an upward piece that can support a groove-shaped mounting portion that is open on the underwater side of the holder, as in the illustrated example described below.

Furthermore, an elastic material is attached within the engagement groove of the support member.
This elastic material is arranged so that it abuts against the above-water edge of the flat-plate-shaped exterior material, and as long as it elastically biases the flat-plate-shaped exterior material from above the water, there are no particular restrictions on the material (composition) etc. For example, it may be formed from a cylindrical or cylindrical (pipe) elastic body, or a molded body with spring elasticity.
It is desirable that this elastic material be attached integrally to the support member, as this provides excellent attachment stability, thereby improving the installation stability of the flat exterior material.

The support member is also provided with a fixing portion for fixing to the base. For example, if the base is a roof or wall surface with a flow gradient, as in the illustrated example described below, and a continuous tarpaulin member is placed on the base in the flow direction, the fixing portion is the portion that attaches to the tarpaulin member. This fixing portion can be selected appropriately depending on the structure of the base, as in the illustrated example, and is not particularly limited.

In this explanation, the mounting portion of the holder and the receiving portion of the support member are described as groove-shaped with an open underwater side and the latter as an upward-facing piece, but the former can also be described as a downward-facing piece and the latter as a groove-shaped with an open abovewater side.

It is also desirable that a reinforcing material be disposed adjacent to the back surface of the flat-plate exterior material. When an external impact is applied to the exterior surface, i.e., the surface of the flat-plate exterior material, the back surface of the flat-plate exterior material abuts against the surface of the reinforcing material, thereby preventing cracks in the flat-plate exterior material and accidents such as dropping or scattering caused by the cracks.
Therefore, from the viewpoint of preventing such cracks, when a vertically elongated flat-plate exterior material is used, it is desirable to use a reinforcing material that extends horizontally, and when a horizontally elongated flat-plate exterior material is used, it is desirable to use a reinforcing material that extends vertically.

Furthermore, when the side edges of the mounting portions of the retainers attached to adjacent flat exterior materials are arranged facing each other to form a joint, the side edges of the adjacent flat exterior materials will not collide, preventing accidents such as breakage. Note that in this example, as in Example 1 described below, the side edges of the mounting portions are formed to protrude outward from the end faces of the flat exterior materials and the locking portions of the retainers. Therefore, compared to the reference example in which the side edges of the mounting portions are formed to the same extent as the side end faces of the flat exterior materials, there is no collision (crash) between the end faces of the flat exterior materials, preventing accidents such as breakage.

The exterior structure of the present invention is thus extremely simply constructed, consisting of a flat exterior material, a support member, two types of retaining devices, and an elastic material. In particular, because the flat exterior material is board-shaped, its production, management, and storage are inexpensive, allowing for a variety of designs to be applied. For example, it may be a decorative board with a designed uneven surface on its front side, or a decorative board with an uneven surface on either or both of its front and back sides to enhance strength. The two retaining devices can also be simple, symmetrical components, making them easy to fabricate. Furthermore, the two underwater ends of the flat exterior material engage with the engaging portions of the retaining devices located on the left and right, respectively, and are elastically biased toward the underwater side by elastic material located in the engaging grooves of the support member. This increases the engagement strength between the flat exterior material and the substrate, reduces restrictions on installation locations, and increases the flexibility of the flat exterior material relative to roofs and walls.

Furthermore, even if a part of the flat exterior material were to break completely in the middle during a storm or other event, both the above-water and below-water damaged parts would continue to be held in place by the support members, preventing serious falling accidents. This means that accidents of falling or scattering are reduced and subsequent maintenance can be easily carried out.
Furthermore, when replacing a damaged flat-plate exterior material with a new flat-plate exterior material, adjacent flat-plate exterior materials are hardly affected, only the damaged flat-plate exterior material can be easily removed, and a new flat-plate exterior material can be easily attached, so that the cost and time required for repair work can be greatly reduced.

The exterior structure of the present invention, as shown in Example 1 shown in Figures 1(a)-(d) and 2(a)-(g) and the Reference Example shown in Figures 3(a)-(g), consists of a flat exterior material 1 manufactured by ceramic baking or other methods, a support member 2, retainers 3A, 3B, 3A', 3B', and an elastic material 4. Each flat exterior material 1 is attached with its underwater end 12 engaged with the engaging portions 31a, 31b, 31a', 31b' of retainers 3A, 3B, 3A', 3B', and its abovewater end 11 elastically biased toward the underwater side by the compressed elastic material 4 within the engaging groove 21 of the support member 2. However, in Example 1, the side ends of the mounting portions 42 supported by the support member 2 are arranged opposite each other, forming a joint 7.

The flat exterior material 1 used in Example 1 and the Reference Example has its underwater end 12 engaged with the engaging portions 31a, 31b, 31a', 31b' of the retainers 3A, 3B, 3A', 3B', and its abovewater end 11 attached to the engaging groove 21 of the support member 2. It is manufactured by ceramic baking or similar techniques, and is a board-like material that does not require any special shapes on either the front or back sides.

The support member 2 used in Example 1 and the Reference Example is a horizontal bar (through member) arranged perpendicular to the flow direction, and is provided with an engagement groove 21 to which the above-water end 11 of the flat exterior material 1 is attached, and a support portion 22 to which the mounting portion 32 of the retainers 3A, 3B, 3A', 3B' is attached in a support-like manner, and is provided with fixing portions 23a, 23b for fixing to the base 5 as shown in Figure 1(c).
The engaging groove 21 is formed in a groove shape (inverted U-shape) that is open on the underwater side, and can be fitted (engaged) with the above-water end 11 of the flat exterior material 1 .
The support portion 22 is formed in the shape of an upward piece, and the mounting portion 32 of the holders 3A, 3B, 3A', 3B' can be mounted in a support-like manner.
Furthermore, the fixing portions 23a, 23b are the belowwater fixing portion 23b, which is formed by extending the lower end of the belowwater vertical piece 24b below the water, and the abovewater fixing portion 23a, which is formed by extending the lower end of the abovewater vertical piece 24a above the water, and refer to the portions that are fixed along the upper surface 51 of the hat-shaped talc member that is the base 5.

The base 5 for fixing the support member 2 is formed on a base surface 6, which is a vertical wall surface, by spacer members arranged at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction as shown in FIG. 1(b) and continuously in the flow direction as shown in FIG. 1(c).
This standpipe member 5 has flange-shaped fixing portions 52, 53 that are fixed along the base surface 5, and is configured with an attachment groove 51a that is cut up into the hat-shaped upper surface 51 to open the underwater side, and an attachment cover 51b that is fitted along the base surface 52, 53, and 51a to cover the underwater fixing portion 23b after the support member 2 is installed.With the abovewater fixing portion 23a of the support member 2 attached to the attachment groove 51a (inserted from the underwater side), the attachment cover 51 is fitted along the underwater fixing portion 23b in an overhanging manner and fixed together with fixing screws 5b.

The holders 3A, 3B used in Example 1 are a pair of symmetrical metal molded products arranged on the left and right sides of each flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, i.e., two on each side, as shown in Figure 2(a), and have engaging portions 31a, 31b that engage with the underwater end 12 of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, locking portions 33a, 33b that lock onto either the left or right side end 13a, 13b of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, and mounting portions 32a, 32b that are received on the support member 2 (receiving portion 22 of the support member 2).
The engaging portions 31a, 31b are formed in a groove shape (U-shape) that is open on the above-water side, and can engage (fit) with the below-water end 12 of the flat exterior material 1.
The mounting portions 32a, 32b are formed in the shape of grooves that are open on the underwater side, and can be received and supported by the upward-facing piece-shaped receiving support portions 22 of the support member 2. The side ends of the mounting portions 32a, 32b are formed so as to protrude outward from the side end faces 13a, 13b of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1 and the locking portions 33a, 33b of the holder 3, that is, to the left in the case of holder 3A arranged at the left end of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, and to the right in the case of holder 3B arranged at the right end of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, and the mounting portion 32a formed on holder 3A and the mounting portion 32b formed on holder 3B are formed symmetrically.
Furthermore, the locking portion 33a of the holder 3A arranged near the left end of the flat exterior material 1 is formed by extending part of the side edge of the back vertical surface forming the engagement portions 31a, 31b outward to the left and bending it toward the front surface, and is locked to the left end 13a of the flat exterior material 1.
Furthermore, the locking portion 33b of the holder 3B disposed near the right end of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1 is formed by extending part of the side edge of the rear vertical surface forming the engaging portions 31a, 31b outward to the right and bending it toward the front, and is locked onto the right end 13b of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1. The locking portion 33a formed on the holder 3A and the locking portion 33b formed on the holder 3B are formed symmetrically.

As described above, such retainers 3A, 3B are formed symmetrically as a pair of left and right, and the side end back portions (311a, 311b) of the engaging portions 31a, 31b are formed so as to protrude from the edge , so that the engaging portions 31a, 31b can engage (fit) with the underwater end 12 of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, and also play a role in reliably preventing the side end faces 13a, 13b of adjacent flat plate-shaped exterior materials 1, 1 from abutting against each other (= joints 7 are automatically formed), so that even if it becomes necessary to replace the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, the formed joints 7 allow it to be easily replaced without causing damage, etc.

Figure 2(a) shows a schematic diagram of the exterior structure of this Example 1, where part C surrounded by a dotted line shows two types of retainers 3A and 3B adjacent to each other at the underwater ends of adjacent flat-plate-shaped exterior materials 1, 1, and part D shows retainer 3B arranged at the underwater end on the right side.
FIG. 2(b) shows an enlarged view of part D, and FIG. 2(c) shows an enlarged view of part C.
Furthermore, Figure 2(d) is a perspective view of the exterior structure of this Example 1 viewed from above, in which part B surrounded by a dotted line indicates the retainer 3B arranged at the right-hand underwater end, and Figure 2(e) is an enlarged perspective view of part B.
FIG. 2(f) is a perspective view of the exterior structure of this Example 1 viewed from below, in which part A surrounded by a dotted line indicates the retainer 3B arranged at the right-hand underwater end, and FIG. 2(g) is an enlarged perspective view of part A.

The holders 3A', 3B' used in the reference example are also a pair of symmetrical left and right members arranged in pairs, i.e., two on each side, per piece of flat plate-like exterior material 1, and have engaging portions 31a', 31b' that engage with the underwater end 12 of the flat plate-like exterior material 1, locking portions 33a, 33b that lock onto either the left or right side end 13a, 13b of the flat plate-like exterior material 1, and mounting portions 32a', 32b' that are received by the support member 2 (receiving portion 22 of the support member 2).
The engaging portions 31a', 31b' are formed in a groove shape (U-shape) that is open on the above-water side, and are similar to the engaging portions 31a, 31b of the retainers 3A, 3B used in Example 1 in that they can engage (fit) with the below-water end 12 of the flat exterior material 1.
Furthermore, the mounting portions 32a', 32b' are formed in the shape of a groove that is open on the underwater side, and are similar to the mounting portions 32a, 32b of the holders 3A, 3B used in Example 1 in that they can be supported by the upward piece-shaped receiving support portion 22 of the support member 2, but the side ends of the mounting portions 32a', 32b' are formed to be approximately the same size as the side end faces 13a, 13b of the flat exterior material 1.
Therefore, although not as reliable as in Example 1, the retainers 3A', 3B' of this reference example also have locking portions 33a, 33b to form narrow joints 7', so that the flat exterior material 1 can be replaced as needed without causing damage, etc.
The locking portions 33a and 33b are completely the same as those in the first embodiment, and therefore the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description thereof will be omitted.

Figure 3(a) shows a schematic diagram of the exterior structure of this reference example, where part C surrounded by a dotted line shows two types of retainers 3A', 3B' adjacent to each other at the downstream end of adjacent flat-plate-shaped exterior materials 1, 1, and part D shows retainer 3B' arranged at the downstream end on the right side.
FIG. 3(b) shows an enlarged view of the D portion, and FIG. 3(c) shows an enlarged view of the C portion.
Furthermore, Figure 3(d) is a perspective view of the exterior structure of this Example 1 viewed from above, where part B surrounded by a dotted line indicates the retainer 3B' arranged at the right-hand underwater end, and Figure 3(e) is an enlarged perspective view of part B.
Also, Figure 3(f) is a perspective view of the exterior structure of this Example 1 viewed from below, in which part A surrounded by a dotted line indicates the retainer 3B' arranged at the right-hand underwater end, and Figure 3(g) is an enlarged perspective view of part A.

The elastic material 4 used in Example 1 and the Reference Example is formed of a hollow elastic body as shown in FIG. 1(c), that is, a circular tube (pipe)-shaped elastic body having a larger diameter than when laid down.
These elastic materials 4 are simply arranged so as to be fitted from above, and no special fixing means is used, but since the upper flat exterior material 1 covers the top when installed, unexpected detachment never occurs.

1(c), a reinforcing material 8 is disposed adjacent to the back surface of the flat plate-shaped packaging material 1 of Example 1. When an external impact is applied to the exterior surface, i.e., the surface of the flat plate-shaped packaging material 1, the back surface of the flat plate-shaped packaging material 1 comes into contact with the surface of the reinforcing material 8, thereby preventing cracks in the flat plate-shaped packaging material 1 and accidents such as dropping or scattering caused by the cracks.
The flat-plate-shaped exterior material 1 used in Example 1 is vertically long, so a reinforcing material 8 extending horizontally was used, but if a horizontally long flat-plate-shaped exterior material is used, it is desirable to use a reinforcing material extending vertically.

As shown in Figure 1(c), the structure for attaching this reinforcing member 8 is similar to the mounting structure of the support member 2, in that a mounting groove that is open on the underwater side is provided on the top surface 51 of the talc member 5, and it is fixed to this talc member (base 5) with fixing screws 8b.

The exterior structure of Example 1, which is made up of these components, is not particularly limited in construction procedure, but can be easily constructed, for example, by the following procedure.
First, the above-mentioned spacer members with a hat-shaped cross section are arranged at predetermined intervals in the flow direction (by fixing the fastening parts 52, 53) on the base surface 6, which is a vertical wall surface, to form the base 5. As described above, the upper surface 51 of this spacer member 5 is formed with the mounting groove 51a, which is open on the underwater side, and the mounting cover 51b in a cut-and-raised shape.
Next, the support member 2 of the above-mentioned configuration is placed along the surface side of the upper surface 51 of the base 5, and with its above-water fixing portion 23a attached to the mounting groove 51a (inserted from the below-water side), the mounting cover 51 is placed along the below-water fixing portion 23b in an overhanging manner, and the support member 2 is fixed integrally in the form of a horizontal bar perpendicular to the flow direction using fixing screws 5b.
Further, the reinforcing member 8 having the same structure as the supporting member 2 is arranged along the support member 2 and fixed by fixing screws 8b so as to be perpendicular to the flow direction.
Next, the elastic material 4 is placed in the engagement groove 21 of the fixed support member 2, and the above-water end 11 of the flat-plate-shaped exterior material 1 is faced from below the water so that the elastic material 4 is compressed, and the two types of holders 3A, 3B of the above configuration are attached to the left and right of the below-water end. At this time, the two types of holders 3A, 3B are attached so that their engagement portions 31a, 31b are engaged with the below-water end 12 of the flat-plate-shaped exterior material 1 and their locking portions 33a, 33b are locked to the side end faces 13a, 13b of the flat-plate-shaped exterior material 1, and the mounting portions 32a, 32b are received and supported by the upward-facing piece-shaped receiving and supporting portions 22 of the support member 2.

The exterior structure constructed in this manner consists of a simply constructed flat exterior material 1, a support member 2, two types of retaining devices 3A and 3B, and an elastic material 4. In particular, since the flat exterior material 1 is board-shaped, there is no cost involved in its production, management, or storage, and various designs can be applied.
In addition, the two types of holders 3A and 3B can be made into simple, bilaterally symmetrical components, making them easy to manufacture. In this Example 1, a metal molded product is used, but it can also be easily manufactured by repeatedly performing a simple bending process on a metal plate material punched into a predetermined shape.
Furthermore, the flat exterior material 1 has two underwater ends 12 which engage with the engaging portions 31A, 31B of the retaining devices 3A, 3B arranged on the left and right sides, respectively, and is elastically biased toward the underwater side by the elastic material 4 arranged in the engaging groove 21 of the support member 2, thereby increasing the engagement strength between the flat exterior material 1 and the base 5, reducing restrictions on installation locations, and increasing the flexibility of the flat exterior material 1 relative to roofs and walls.

Furthermore, in this Example 1, the retainers 3A, 3B attached to adjacent flat-plate-shaped exterior materials 1, 1 are arranged so that the side ends (back portions 321 a, 321 b protruding from the edge ) of their engagement portions 31 a, 31 b face each other to form a joint 7, so that the side end faces 13 a, 13 b of adjacent flat-plate-shaped exterior materials 1, 1 do not collide with each other, thereby preventing accidents such as breakage.
Furthermore, in this Example 1, a reinforcing material 8 is provided adjacent to the back surface of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, so that when an external impact is applied to the surface of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1, the back surface of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1 abuts against the reinforcing material 8 provided on the back surface side, absorbing the impact, thereby preventing cracking of the flat plate-shaped exterior material 1 and accidents such as falling or scattering caused by the cracking.

The exterior structure of the reference example also consists of an extremely simple flat exterior material 1, two types of holders 3A' and 3B', and a support member 2 and elastic material 4 (not shown). In particular, because the flat exterior material 1 is board-shaped, its production, management, and storage are inexpensive, allowing for a wide variety of designs to be applied. Furthermore, the two types of holders 3A' and 3B' are similar to those in the previous example, and can be easily manufactured as metal molded products by repeatedly performing simple bending processes on metal plate material punched into a predetermined shape.

On the other hand, in the exterior structure of Example 1, when a part of the flat-plate exterior material 1 is damaged, for example, by a storm, the procedure for replacing the flat-plate exterior material 1 with a new flat-plate exterior material 1 is not limited, but it can be easily replaced, for example, by the following procedure.
To remove the flat exterior material 1, the flat exterior material 1 is pressed from belowwater to shift (slide) it toward abovewater, causing the abovewater edge 11 to abut against the elastic material 4 and compress, and the mounting portions 32a, 32b of the holders 3A, 3B attached to the flat exterior material 1 to separate from the receiving and supporting portions 22 of the support member 2. At this time, by sliding it toward abovewater while tilting it left and right using the spacing between the left and right joints 7, the elastic material 4 is compressed and the mounting portions 32a, 32b can be easily separated from the receiving and supporting portions 22. More specifically, by slightly lifting the flat exterior material 1 when tilting it left and right, the back portions 311a, 311b of the engaging portions 31a, 31b and the protruding portions of the mounting portions 32a, 32b are lifted to avoid contact with the adjacent holders 3B, 3A (shifting them upward), and the spacing between the joints 7 can be used as described above.
The holders 3A, 3B are recovered from the removed flat-plate exterior material 1 and attached to a new flat-plate exterior material 1, and then this new flat-plate exterior material 1 is attached in the same manner as above to the position of the removed flat-plate exterior material 1. Of course, if the removed holders 3A, 3B are deformed or damaged, they must be replaced with new holders 3A, 3B, but in principle they can be used repeatedly.

In the above-mentioned reference example, the construction procedure is almost the same, and the procedure for replacing the flat exterior material 1 with a new one also involves forming narrow joints 7'. Therefore, even in this reference example, the flat exterior material 1 can be replaced without damage, although not as easily as in Example 1.

1 Flat plate-like exterior material 11 Above water end 12 Below water end 13a Left end 13b Right end 2 Support member 21 Engagement groove 22 Receiving section 23a Above water side fixing part 23b Below water side fixing part 24a Above water side vertical piece 24b Below water side vertical piece 3A, 3A' (left side) holder 3B, 3B' (right side) holder 31a, 31b, 31a', 31b' Engagement part 32a, 32b, 32a', 32b' Mounting part 33a, 33b Locking part 4 Elastic material 5 Base (taluki member)
51 Upper surface 51a Mounting groove 51b Mounting cover 6 Base surface 7, 7' Joint 8 Reinforcement material

Claims (2)

An exterior structure in which a plurality of flat exterior materials arranged in the flow direction are attached to a support member arranged perpendicular to the flow direction using a holder that engages with the water-underwater ends of the flat exterior materials,
The holder is a member having an engaging portion that engages with the underwater end of the flat plate-shaped exterior material, a locking portion that locks onto either the left or right side end of the flat plate-shaped exterior material, and an attachment portion that is received and supported by the support member, and one pair of left and right holders is used per flat plate-shaped exterior material,
The support member has an engagement groove that is open on the underwater side and a support portion to which the mounting portion of the holder is attached in a support-support manner, and an elastic material is disposed in the engagement groove,
The flat exterior material is attached such that its underwater end engages with the engaging portion of the holder, and its abovewater end is elastically biased toward the underwater side by an elastic material compressed in the engaging groove of the support member,
An exterior structure characterized in that the retainers attached to adjacent flat exterior materials have side ends of the attachment portions arranged opposite each other to form joints. The exterior structure described in claim 1, characterized in that a reinforcing material is provided adjacent to the back side of the flat exterior material.