JP7785657B2 - Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device, wide-area supply and demand adjustment system, computer program for wide-area supply and demand adjustment device, and wide-area supply and demand adjustment method - Google Patents

Description

This embodiment relates to a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device that controls supply and demand in an electric power grid, a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device, and a wide-area supply and demand adjustment method.

To ensure a stable supply of electricity, it is necessary to control supply and demand in the power grid. Known examples of this type of power grid supply and demand control system include power supply and demand adjustment systems that use load frequency control (LFC) and economic load dispatch control (EDC) to control supply and demand.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-238355 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-306770 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-060325

Recent deregulation of the electricity market has led to new electricity providers entering the electricity business, resulting in more complex electricity supply and consumption than before. This has made it necessary to efficiently adjust electricity demand and supply (hereafter referred to as "electricity supply and demand adjustment"). To efficiently adjust electricity supply and demand, it is necessary to adjust electricity supply and demand over a wide area. It is also desirable to avoid the adjustment capacity for electricity supply and demand adjustment being concentrated in a certain area.

Following the legal unbundling of general electricity transmission and distribution utilities, a supply and demand adjustment market began operating in April 2021 to enable general electricity transmission and distribution utilities to procure adjustment capacity. The supply and demand adjustment market must ensure neutrality and price transparency in market operations, achieve efficient supply and demand adjustment using market mechanisms, and stably procure the necessary adjustment capacity. To achieve these goals, consideration is being given to methods such as disclosing supply and demand adjustment market prices, generating electricity on a merit order basis, utilizing power sources other than traditional general electricity utilities and demand response, and evaluating power sources with high adjustment flexibility (power sources for frequency adjustment). To ensure the smooth introduction of the supply and demand adjustment market, it is necessary to ensure fairness and transparency in the procurement and operation of adjustment capacity.

With the recent electricity system reform, the current power generation, transmission and distribution, and retail businesses of electric power companies have been legally separated and divided into transmission and distribution, and power generation and retail businesses. Existing electric power companies secured the necessary supply and demand adjustment capacity in-house when adjusting supply and demand and frequency. However, with the recent separation of power generation and transmission and distribution businesses, electric power companies may also secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market.

As market participants and grid operators, electric power companies adjust supply and demand and frequency based on merit order, acting in a neutral position. Electric power companies adjust supply and demand and frequency by purchasing or selling products in the supply and demand adjustment market.

The product menu for the supply and demand adjustment market includes multiple products that correspond to control with different adjustment speeds. As an example, the product menu for the supply and demand adjustment market is planned to be divided into five categories corresponding to each control classification: "primary adjustment capacity," "secondary adjustment capacity," and "tertiary adjustment capacity."

Conventionally, in each area's power grid, supply and demand adjustment capacity was controlled and operated by the area's power supply and demand control device based on the area's local power requirement (AR). In the future, wide-area power procurement and operation will begin through supply and demand adjustment markets. In this future wide-area power procurement and operation, the local power requirements (AR) of each area's power grid will be netted, and the netted local power requirements (AR) will be instructed as a control amount to each area's power grid. However, because commands regarding control amounts are issued to multiple areas, adjustment capacity becomes unevenly concentrated in certain areas, making it difficult to ensure control performance.

In August 2020, the Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) published a method for studying wide-area operation of secondary control reserves. However, it did not consider a method for determining control reserves that takes into account transmission time in coordination with wide-area LFC or calculation time. As a result, there was a problem that the allocation of control reserves based on individual merit order lists using the load frequency control (LFC) function could lead to uneven distribution of spare control reserves between areas, which could lead to a deterioration in controllability. Furthermore, because the allocation of control reserves based on merit order is based on adjustment costs, there is a trade-off between economy and controllability, which could lead to a deterioration in controllability.

The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device, a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device, and a wide-area supply and demand adjustment method that can prevent the uneven distribution of adjustment capacity in a certain area and efficiently and economically adjust power supply and demand over a wide area.

The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device of this embodiment has the following features.
(1) The apparatus has a netting unit that calculates the total amount of adjustment for the entire area to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each area to be controlled.
(2) A control share calculation unit distributes the total amount of adjustment for the entire area calculated by the netting unit to each of the areas to be controlled, and calculates the control share for each generator in each of the areas.
(3) The power supply command generating unit generates a command value for each of the areas based on the control share calculated by the control share calculating unit for each of the power generators in each of the areas.
(4) The control share calculation unit calculates the control share for each generator in the area by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on a merit order that indicates the relationship between the requested power and the power price.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the connection relationship between a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device and each area in a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an operation flow of the power supply and demand control device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an operation flow of a wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the control logic of a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing individual merit orders for each power generator in the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the control logic of the AR allocation method of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of a wide-area LFC model in a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an LFC model according to a merit order in a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an allocation method based on price differences in a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an upward adjustment price and a downward adjustment price of each power generator in the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. Diagram outlining a typical control procedure for allocating resources to multiple areas based on merit order FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the concept of merit order using a strip method according to a third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the concept of a limiter according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the margin of interconnection line power flow between areas (upper and lower limit constraints on interconnection line power flow) according to the fifth embodiment. AR adjustment taking into account interconnection line power flow constraints according to the fifth embodiment (netting AR is positive) AR adjustment taking into account interconnection line power flow constraints according to the fifth embodiment (netting AR is negative) Diagram explaining product categories

[First embodiment]
[1-1. Configuration]
As an example of this embodiment, a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. In this embodiment, when there are multiple devices or components with the same configuration, they will be described with the same number, and when describing each individual device or component with the same configuration, they will be distinguished by adding an alphabetic suffix to the common number.

(1) Overall configuration of the system Fig. 1 shows a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 is composed of an electricity supply and demand control device 2 and a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. Generally, an entity equivalent to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is called a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system, but in this embodiment, an entity including the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 and the electricity supply and demand control device 2 is called the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1. An area that is the subject of supply and demand adjustment control by one electricity supply and demand control device 2 is called one area. Furthermore, two or more areas are called a wide area.

As shown in FIG. 2, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is connected to power supply and demand control devices 2 in multiple areas. The power system 9 includes multiple generators 91, natural energy power generation facilities 92, and detection devices 93. The power supply and demand control device 2 is connected to the multiple generators 91, natural energy power generation facilities 92, and detection devices 93. The power system 9a is connected to another power system 9b via an interconnection line. In addition, each generator 91 is connected to the power supply and demand control device 2 by a detection signal line 97 and a control signal line 98.

In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment, the following data is input, output, transmitted/received, or stored. Furthermore, hereinafter, "regional demand power" may be referred to as "AR,""load frequency control" as "LFC (Load Frequency Control)," and "economic load dispatch control" as "EDC (Economic Load Dispatch Control).""Actual demand value" refers to the value of power actually generated (power value at generating end), rather than the power actually supplied.
Data a1 (generator generated power value)
Data b1 (renewable energy generation power value)
Data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF)
Data c2 (force flow power change amount ΔPT)
Data c3 (interchanged power P0)
Data d1 (power generation target value)
Data f1 (AR value)
Data f2 (smoothed AR value)
Data f3 (AR allocation value)
Data g1 (real-time EDC value)
Data g2 (Individual Merit Order List)
Data g3 (amount of LFC operation)
Data h1 (AR value after netting)
Data h2 (control share)
Data h3 (LFC control output command)

(2) Generator 91
The generator 91 is a power supply facility that generates power to be supplied to the power grid 9a. As an example, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has generators 91a to 91n. For example, the generator 91a is configured as a high-speed machine such as a hydraulic machine with a fast output change rate. For example, the generator 91b is configured as a medium-speed machine such as an oil-fired power machine with a slightly slow output change rate. For example, the generator 91n is configured as a low-speed machine such as a coal-fired power machine with an extremely slow output change rate. The generator 91 may be configured as a generator with any power generation speed.

The generator 91 is connected to the power supply and demand control device 2. The generator 91 transmits data a1 (generator power generation value) to the power supply and demand control device 2 via a detection signal line 97. The generator 91 also receives data d1 (power generation target value) from the power supply and demand control device 2 via a control signal line 98, and controls the power generation based on data d1 (power generation target value). Note that there may be any number of generators 91a to 91n.

(3) 92 renewable energy power generation facilities
The natural energy power generation facility 92 is a power supply facility that generates power using natural energy such as solar power or wind power and supplies the generated power to the power grid 9a. As an example, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has natural energy power generation facilities 92a to 92n. The natural energy power generation facility 92 transmits data b1 (natural energy generation power value) to the power supply and demand control device 2. Note that the number of natural energy power generation facilities 92a to 92n may be any number.

(4) Detector 93
The detection device 93 is a measuring device that detects the amount of electricity in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 is disposed in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 detects each item of data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (tidal flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line, and transmits the data to the power supply and demand control device 2.

(5) Power supply and demand control device 2
The power supply and demand control device 2 is composed of a computer or the like. The power supply and demand control device 2 is placed in a control room or the like that monitors and controls power. The power supply and demand control device 2 receives data a1 (generator-generated power value) transmitted from the generator 91, data b1 (renewable energy-generated power value) transmitted from the natural energy power generation facility 92, and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (tidal flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line transmitted from the detection device 93. The power supply and demand control device 2 transmits data d1 (power generation target value) to the generator 91.

The power supply and demand control device 2 has an input unit 21, an output unit 22, a target value creation unit 23, an AR calculation unit 24, an AR smoothing unit 25, an AR allocation unit 26, a real-time EDC calculation unit 27, an AR transmission unit 31, an information transmission unit 32, an LFC control output command reception unit 33, and a switching unit 34.

The input unit 21, output unit 22, AR transmitter 31, information transmitter 32, and LFC control output command receiver 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 are configured using hardware. The target value generator 23, AR calculator 24, AR smoother 25, AR distributor 26, real-time EDC calculator 27, and switcher 34 are configured using software modules as functional blocks.

The input unit 21 is composed of a receiving circuit. The input side of the input unit 21 is connected to the generator 91 via signal line 97, and the output side is connected to the target value creation unit 23. The input unit 21 receives data a1 (generator power generation power value) transmitted from the generator 91. The input unit 21 transmits data a1 (generator power generation power value) to the target value creation unit 23.

The output unit 22 is composed of a transmission circuit. The input side of the output unit 22 is connected to the target value creation unit 23, and the output side is connected to the generator 91 via signal line 98. The output unit 22 transmits data d1 (power generation target value) input from the target value creation unit 23 to the generator 91.

The target value creation unit 23 has an input side connected to the input unit 21, the switching unit 34, and the real-time EDC calculation unit 27, and an output side connected to the output unit 22. The target value creation unit 23 receives data a1 (generator power generation value) of the generator 91 from the input unit 21, and either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) from the switching unit 34. The target value creation unit 23 receives data g1 (real-time EDC value) from the real-time EDC calculation unit 27.

The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data a1 (generator power generation value), data g1 (real-time EDC value), and either data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and transmits it to the output unit 22.

The input side of the AR calculation unit 24 is connected to the natural energy power generation facility 92 and the detection device 93, and the output side is connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31. The AR calculation unit 24 receives data b1 (natural energy power generation power value) from the natural energy power generation facility 92, and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (tidal flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) from the detection device 93.

The AR calculation unit 24 calculates the AR value based on data b1 (renewable energy generation power value), data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (tidal flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0), and transmits data f1 (AR value) to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31.

The input side of the AR smoothing unit 25 is connected to the AR calculation unit 24, and the output side is connected to the AR allocation unit 26. The AR smoothing unit 25 receives data f1 (AR value) from the AR calculation unit 24. The AR smoothing unit 25 performs frequency decomposition based on the data f1 (AR value) and transmits data f2 (smoothed AR value) to the AR allocation unit 26.

The input side of the AR allocation unit 26 is connected to the AR smoothing unit 25, and the output side is connected to the switching unit 34. The AR allocation unit 26 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. The AR allocation unit 26 calculates the power generation allocation for each generator 91 based on data f2 (smoothed AR value), and transmits data f3 (AR allocation value) to the switching unit 34. Data f3 (AR allocation value) is the adjustment amount allocated to each generator 91, and is calculated based on the merit order of the generator 91.

The AR allocation unit 26 also allocates data f3 (AR allocation value) according to the operating capacity of the generator 91. The operating capacity is, for example, the response time until the generator 91 starts operating. The AR allocation unit 26 transmits data f3 (AR allocation value) for each target value creation unit 23 to the switching unit 34.

The AR transmitter 31 is composed of a transmission circuit. The AR transmitter 31 transmits data f1 (AR value) calculated by the AR calculation unit 24 to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

The information transmission unit 32 is composed of a transmission circuit and a storage device. The information transmission unit 32 transmits information related to pre-set and stored data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (existing LFC operation volume) to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 is composed of a receiving circuit. The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command) described below from the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 and transmits it to the switching unit 34.

The switching unit 34 selects either data f3 (AR allocation value) transmitted from the AR distribution unit 26 or data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the LFC control output command receiving unit 33, and transmits it to each of the target value creation units 23a to 23n.

The input side of the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 is connected to the AR smoothing unit 25, and the output side is connected to each target value creation unit 23. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. Note that the AR smoothing unit 25 may be located within the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 performs economic load dispatch based on data f2 (smoothed AR value) and calculates data g1 (real-time EDC value) for each generator 91 as the calculation result of economic load dispatch based on the merit order of the generator 91.

Data g1 (real-time EDC value) is the power generation value scheduled and allocated to each generator 91 so as to be economical for the entire wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1.

The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 also allocates the area imbalance amount of the EDC target in its own area according to the merit order of the generator 91. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 allocates the area imbalance amount in accordance with the EDC cycle.

The area imbalance amount is the difference between the amount of power being allocated and the amount of power requested in a future time period for a certain area. If the amount of power requested is greater than the amount of power being allocated (i.e., the AR value is positive), then there is a shortage of area imbalance amount, which means there is a shortage of power to be procured. Conversely, if the amount of power requested is less than the amount of power being allocated (i.e., the AR value is negative), then there is an excess of area imbalance amount, which means there is an excess of power to be procured.

Data g1 (real-time EDC value) calculated and allocated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 is sent to the target value creation unit 23. The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data a1 (generator power generation power value), data g1 (real-time EDC value), and one of data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and sends this data to the output unit 22.

(6) Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 is configured by a computer device. The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 is a higher-level control device that issues command control amount instructions to the power supply and demand control devices 2 installed in each power system 9. The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 is installed in a control room or the like that monitors and controls each power system 9.

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 has a netting unit 51, a control allocation calculation unit 52, and each power supply command creation unit 53.

The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 performs netting of AR values to calculate the adjustment amount for the entire area. The operation of determining the control amount is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1 (AR value after netting) to the control share calculation unit 52.

The control share calculation unit 52 receives data h1 (post-netting AR value) from the netting unit 51. The control share calculation unit 52 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already-operated LFC amount) from the power supply and demand control device 2. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for the generators 91 in each area based on data h1 (post-netting AR value), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (already-operated LFC amount). The control share calculation unit 52 transmits the calculated control share to each power supply command creation unit 53 as data h2 (control share amount).

Each power supply command creation unit 53 receives data h2 (control burden amount) from the control burden amount calculation unit 52. Each power supply command creation unit 53 calculates a command value for the generator 91 in each area based on data h2 (control burden amount). Each power supply command creation unit 53 transmits the calculated command value for the generator 91 in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

The above is the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1.

[1-2. Effect]
First, a general power supply and demand control currently being carried out will be described.

[General power supply and demand control]
The load on the power grid fluctuates depending on the season and time of day. Load fluctuations on the power grid can be classified into the following three categories: (a) (b) (c).
(a) Cyclic component: Load fluctuations with a very short period, ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes, are called cyclic components. They are thought to be the superposition of pulsating components with various vibration periods with small fluctuation ranges and irregular fluctuation components.
(b) Fringe component: A short-cycle load fluctuation lasting from a few minutes to about 10 minutes is called a fringe component.
(c) Sustained component: Load fluctuations with a long period of 10 minutes or more are called sustained components.

Of the cyclic load fluctuations, which are minute periodic fluctuations, extremely short-period load fluctuations are adjusted based on the load characteristics of the system. Of the cyclic load fluctuations, load fluctuations with periods of several minutes or more than the aforementioned period are adjusted by the governor of a power plant operating in governor-free mode. Of the cyclic load fluctuations, load fluctuations with even longer periods than the aforementioned period are controlled and adjusted by a power supply and demand control device installed in the power company's central load dispatching center.

Fringe load fluctuations, which are short-cycle load fluctuations, are larger than cyclic load fluctuations and cannot be adjusted using governor-free systems alone. Fringe load fluctuations are adjusted using load frequency control (LFC), which controls the generator output based on the detected frequency deviation and power fluctuations.

Sustained load fluctuations, which are long-term load fluctuations, have a large amount of variation in the load fluctuation and can be considered part of the load fluctuation in the daily load curve. Load frequency control (LFC) cannot adjust sustained load fluctuations to the desired power generation level because the generator's power generation capacity is insufficient. Sustained load fluctuations are adjusted by economic load dispatch (EDC), which is the economic operation of power plants.

Load frequency control (LFC) and economic load dispatch control (EDC) are important functions of power supply and demand control devices installed in the central load dispatching center of electric power companies. Load frequency control (LFC) aims to maintain constant interconnection line power flow and system frequency. Economic load dispatch control (EDC) aims to operate electricity in the most economical way. Hereinafter, load frequency control (LFC) and economic load dispatch control (EDC) will be collectively referred to as supply and demand control.

Load frequency control (LFC) is performed by adjusting the output of each generator according to the system frequency and the tidal flow power in interconnection lines with other systems. Load frequency control (LFC) output adjustments are not performed on all generators, but rather on high-speed machines such as hydroelectric generators, which can respond to relatively fast output fluctuations, and medium-speed machines such as oil-fired generators.

Load frequency control (LFC) output adjustments are not generally performed on low-speed machines such as coal-fired power plants, nuclear units, or generators where output fluctuations should be avoided for operational reasons. Load frequency control (LFC) is performed on each generator by the power supply and demand control device at each power company's central load dispatching center, and there is a delay of several tens of seconds before the output changes to the desired value.

Load frequency control (LFC) is classified into the following three methods.
(a) Constant frequency control (FFC): A control method that detects the amount of frequency change (ΔF) and adjusts the generator output to reduce ΔF, thereby maintaining only the system frequency at a specified value.
(b) Fixed-Tip Power Control (FTC): A control method that detects the change in tidal power (ΔPT) in the interconnection line and adjusts the generator output to reduce ΔPT, thereby maintaining only the tidal power in the interconnection line at a specified value.
(c) Frequency bias tie-line power control (TBC): A control method that detects the amount of change in frequency (ΔF) and the amount of change in tidal power in the tie-line (ΔPT), calculates the area required power (AR), and controls the output of the generator according to the area required power (AR).

Currently, frequency bias tie line power control (TBC) is widely adopted in Japan. Frequency bias tie line power control (TBC) is performed on each generator by a power supply and demand control device installed in each power company's central load dispatching center. Frequency bias tie line power control (TBC) is performed using the following procedure.

(Step m1: Calculation of Regional Power Requirement (AR))
The area power requirement (AR) is calculated based on the frequency change (ΔF) and the interconnection line power flow change (ΔPT).
AR=-K・ΔF+ΔPT
...(Formula 1)
AR: Regional required power [MW]
K: System constant [MW/Hz]
ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz]
ΔPT: Interconnection line power flow change [MW]
The interconnection line power flow change (ΔPT) is the amount of change in the power flow in the interconnection line. In the above (Equation 1), the power flow direction of the power flowing into the local system is taken as a positive value. If the value of the area required power (AR) is positive, the output of the power generation units in the entire system is increased. If the area required power (AR) is negative, the output of the power generation units in the entire system is decreased.

(Step m2: Filtering of Area Power Requirement (AR))
Filtering using exponential smoothing or the like is performed based on the past regional power requirement (AR), and an adjustment amount for allocating the regional power requirement (AR) to low-speed and high-speed units is calculated. A unit with a slow output change rate, for example, a thermal power generator, corresponds to a low-speed unit. A unit with a fast output change rate, for example, a hydroelectric power generator, corresponds to a high-speed unit. The regional power requirement (AR) may be frequency-decomposed, and an adjustment amount calculated so that power with a short fluctuation period is allocated to high-speed units and power with a long fluctuation period is allocated to low-speed units.

(Step m3: Allocation to generators)
The regional power requirement (AR) is filtered or frequency-decomposed, and the calculated adjustment amount is allocated to each generator. The allocation is performed for all generators for which supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the generator output change rate or output margin, etc., for low-speed and high-speed generators.

(Step m4: Calculation of target command value)
A target command value for each generator is calculated. The target command value for each generator is calculated by adding the allocated regional power requirement (AR) and the real-time EDC or current output calculated by the economic load dispatch control (EDC). The target command value may be set within upper and lower limits so as not to deviate from a certain reference value.

(Step m5: Generator output fluctuates)
Upon receiving the target command value, each generator varies its output. As a result, the system frequency and the interconnection line power flow change. After that, the process returns to step m1 and the above steps are repeated.

[General Economic Dispatch Control (EDC)]
Economic load dispatch control (EDC) is performed for slow power load fluctuations seen in a daily load curve. Slow power load fluctuations can be predicted with high accuracy based on past data. The control amount for each generator in economic load dispatch control (EDC) is calculated so that the fuel cost is reduced for the predicted power load fluctuation. Generally, the equal incremental fuel cost law (equal λ method) is used to calculate the control amount for each generator in economic load dispatch control (EDC).

Below is an example of the equal incremental fuel cost law (equal lambda method), which is widely used by Japanese electric power companies. Economic load dispatch control (EDC) is performed on each generator by a power supply and demand control device installed in each electric power company's central load dispatching center. Economic load dispatch control (EDC) is performed using the following procedure.

(Step n1: Setting the initial value of λ)
First, an initial value of λ is set, which corresponds to the fuel cost for the incremental fuel.

(Step n2: Calculation of control variables for each generator)
Next, the control variable for each generator is calculated to be equal to λ, which corresponds to the incremental fuel cost. If the control variable is below the minimum output value, it is set to the minimum output value, and if the control variable is above the maximum output value, it is set to the maximum output value.

(Step n3: Calculate the total output power)
Next, the sum of the output powers output from the generators is calculated.

(Step n4: Resetting λ)
If the total output power calculated in step n3 is less than the load, λ is increased, and if the total output power exceeds the load, λ is decreased and λ is reset. Thereafter, steps n2 to n4 are repeated until the difference between the total output power and the load is within a certain value.

With the recent electricity system reform, the current power generation, transmission and distribution, and retail businesses of electric power companies will be legally separated and divided into transmission and distribution, and power generation and retail businesses. Previously, when adjusting power supply and demand and frequency, electric power companies secured the necessary supply and demand adjustment capacity in-house. With the electricity system reform, electric power companies will secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market. As an example, the product menu in the supply and demand adjustment market is planned to be divided into five categories corresponding to each control category: "primary adjustment capacity," "secondary adjustment capacity," and "tertiary adjustment capacity," as shown in Figure 18.

Ancillary services are the work of ensuring a high-quality power supply, such as maintaining the frequency of the entire grid. Traditionally, ancillary services were provided by general electric utilities using their own generators. Under the new licensing system based on the supply and demand adjustment market, ancillary services will now be provided by general electricity transmission and distribution utilities.

In future ancillary services, power sources necessary for ensuring power quality will be procured by general electricity transmission and distribution utilities from power generation companies and others as adjustment capacity, and the costs required to ensure adjustment capacity will be recovered by the general electricity transmission and distribution utilities as wheeling charges. This system is expected to encourage participation and competition among diverse power generation companies, increase the amount of electricity available for procurement as adjustment capacity, improve power quality, and utilize adjustment capacity more efficiently. This system is based on the premise that the procurement of adjustment capacity will be carried out by general electricity transmission and distribution utilities, with fairness and transparency ensured. The specific details of the procedures are left to each general electricity transmission and distribution utility.

In the future, general electricity transmission and distribution companies will be required to ensure a high-quality power supply throughout the entire grid. Since the supply and demand adjustment market will ensure supply and demand adjustment capacity, general electricity transmission and distribution companies will adjust supply and demand and frequency based on merit order.

Previously, in each area's power grid, supply and demand adjustment capacity was controlled and operated by the area's power supply and demand control device based on the area's local power requirement (AR). In the future, wide-area power procurement and operation will begin through the supply and demand adjustment market. In this future wide-area power procurement and operation, the area requirements (AR) of each area's power grid will be netted, and the netted area requirements (AR) will be instructed to each area's power grid as the control amount for load frequency control (LFC), as shown in Figures 5 and 6.

However, because load frequency control (LFC) control commands are issued to multiple areas, adjustment power is unevenly concentrated in certain areas, making it difficult to ensure control performance.

In order to ensure the control performance of the power grid 9, it is desirable to issue commands for the control amount related to load frequency control (LFC) that do not cause the adjustment power to be unevenly concentrated in a certain area.

In addition, in the supply and demand adjustment market, it is expected that adjustment capacity will not only be subdivided (into five product categories), but will also be procured over a wide area. Currently, adjustment capacity is procured only within an area. In the future, it will be desirable to establish a system that sends control signals to multiple areas in real time in order to procure adjustment capacity over a wide area.

[Operation of wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1]
Next, the operation of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment, power supply and demand control devices 2 in multiple areas are controlled in cooperation with a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 as shown in Figure 1. In this embodiment, two or more areas are called a wide area. The supply and demand adjustment method in this embodiment mainly targets the product category of secondary control reserve related to the LFC function in Figure 18. The generator 91, which is the adjustment power source for supply and demand adjustment, includes not only thermal power and hydroelectric power generators but also storage batteries, DR, etc.

(Operation of power supply and demand control device 2)
Figure 3 shows a flow of operation of the power supply and demand control device 2. The program shown in Figure 3 is built into the power supply and demand control device 2. The power supply and demand control devices 2 arranged in multiple areas in this embodiment receive instructions of data h3 (LFC control output command) from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The power supply and demand control devices 2 operate and perform calculations in the following procedure.

(Step S20: Calculation of data f1 (AR value))
The detection device 93 detects each item of data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (tidal flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line, and transmits the data to the power supply and demand control device 2. The renewable energy power generation facility 92 transmits data b1 (renewable energy power generation power value) to the power supply and demand control device 2.

The AR calculation unit 24 of the power supply and demand control device 2 receives the following signals.
The following signal data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF) transmitted from the detector 93
Data c2 (force flow power change amount ΔPT)
Data c3 (interchanged power P0)
The following signal data b1 (renewable energy power generation power value) transmitted from the natural energy power generation facility 92

The AR calculation unit 24 calculates data f1 (AR value) using (Equation 1) based on data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (force flow power change amount ΔPT), data c3 (interchange power P0), and data b1 (renewable energy power generation power value). (Equation 1) is shown again below. AR in (Equation 1) is data f1 (AR value).
AR=-K・ΔF+ΔPT
...(Formula 1)
AR: Regional required power [MW]
K: System constant [MW/Hz]
ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz]
ΔPT: Interconnection line power flow change [MW]
In the above (Equation 1), the direction of power flow into the local system is set to a positive value.

(Step S30: Sending data f1 (AR value))
The AR transmitter 31 transmits the data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20 to the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5.

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (existing LFC operation amount) from the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount for each area or the adjustment amount for each generator 91 in each area based on data f1 (AR value), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (existing LFC operation amount), and transmits this as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

(Step S31: Receiving data h3 (LFC control output command))
The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command) from the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 and transmits it to the switching unit 34.

(Step S21: Calculation of data f2 (smoothed AR value))
The AR smoothing unit 25 calculates data f2 (smoothed AR value) based on the data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20. The data f2 (smoothed AR value) is calculated by frequency-decomposing the data f1 (AR value) using Fourier expansion.

(Step S22: Calculation of data f3 (AR distribution value))
The AR allocation unit 26 calculates data f3 (AR allocation value) based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value) frequency-resolved in step S21. The data f3 (AR allocation value) is an adjustment amount for each generator 91, and is calculated according to the output response speed or output margin of the generator 91.

(Step S32: Selection of data f3 (AR distribution value) or data h3 (LFC control output command))
The switching unit 34 selects and outputs data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) calculated in step S22. For example, if an accident occurs in the power supply and demand control device 2 or the power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data f3 (AR allocation value). If there is no abnormality in the power supply and demand control device 2 or the power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data h3 (LFC control output command). The switching unit 34 selects data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) by switching.

(Step S204: Calculation of data g1 (real-time EDC value))
The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 executes step S204 in parallel with steps S20 to S22. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 calculates data g1 (real-time EDC value) based on data f2 (smoothed AR value) calculated in step S21. The data g1 (real-time EDC value) is calculated by economical load allocation to each generator 91 according to the merit order of each generator 91.

(Step S23: Calculation of data d1 (power generation target value))
The target value creation unit 23 calculates data d1 (power generation target value) based on the data f3 (AR allocation value) calculated in step S22 and the data g1 (real-time EDC value) calculated in step S204 by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27. For each of the target value creation units 23a, 23b, and 23n, data d1 (power generation target value) is calculated for each of the generators 91a, 91b, and 91n.

(Step S24: Transmission of data d1 (power generation target value))
The target value creation unit 23 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) calculated in step S23 to the output unit 22. The data d1 (power generation target value) is transmitted to each of the output units 22a, 22b, and 22n.

(Step S25: Send command for data d1 (power generation target value))
The output unit 22 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) received in step S24 to the power generator 91. The data d1 (power generation target value) is transmitted from the output units 22a, 22b, and 22n to each of the power generators 91a, 91b, and 91n, respectively. As a result, each power generator 91 outputs power corresponding to the data d1 (power generation target value).

Figure 7 shows the general control logic of the AR allocation unit 26 when processing is performed using the output change speed ratio. General AR allocation when processing is performed using the output change speed ratio is performed using the procedure shown in Figure 7. First, the product of the frequency deviation and the system capacity is calculated using AR calculation. Next, the difference between the product of the frequency deviation and the system capacity multiplied by the system constant K and the power flow deviation at the interconnection point is frequency resolved and smoothed. The smoothed difference is then further subjected to PI control, excluding the dead band, and allocated to the command value for each generator 91.

(Operation of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5)
Figure 4 shows the operation flow of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The program shown in Figure 4 is built into the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 of this embodiment issues instructions of data h3 (LFC control output command) to the power supply and demand control devices 2 arranged in multiple areas. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 operates and performs calculations in the following procedure.

The netting unit 51 calculates the total adjustment amount for the entire area subject to control based on data f1 (AR value), and sets this as data h1 (post-netting AR value). Data f1 (AR value) is the power requested for each area subject to control, and is calculated by the power supply and demand control device 2 for each area. The operation of the netting unit 51 is realized by netting step S51.

The control share calculation unit 52 distributes the total amount of data h1 (post-netting AR value), which is the adjustment amount for the entire area calculated by the netting unit 51, to each area to be controlled, and calculates data h2 (control share). Data h2 (control share) may be calculated as the control share for each area, or as the control share for each generator 91 in each area.

The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that can be generated by the generators 91 in the area, and calculates at least one of the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share). The operation of the control share calculation unit 52 is realized by the control share calculation step S52.

Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on data h2 (control share amount) calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52. Data h2 (control share amount) is calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52 as the control share amount for each area and the control share amount for each generator 91 in each area. The operation of each power supply command creation unit 53 is realized by each power supply command creation step S53.

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 in this embodiment allocates adjustment amounts for imbalances after netting across all areas to each area or each power generator 91 based on the regional demand (AR) from each of multiple areas. Figure 8 shows an overview of the wide-area LFC model.

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 in this embodiment distributes the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on a merit order that indicates the relationship between the requested power and the power price, to calculate the control share for each power generator 91 in the area and create data h2 (control share).

The control share calculation unit 52 calculates a weighting coefficient defined by a function that increases the value as the price of electricity decreases when increasing power output, and increases the value as the price of electricity increases when decreasing power output, and calculates the control share amount based on the calculated weighting coefficient.

The weighting coefficient may be a function that combines a function that is directly proportional to the electricity price and a function that is directly proportional to the inverse of the electricity price, or a function based on the difference between a preset reference price and the electricity price.

In the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 according to this embodiment, the adjustment amount is distributed by the following process.
(1) The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the regional demand amount (AR) for each area based on data f1 (AR value), calculates the total adjustment amount for the entire area to be controlled, and sets this as data h1 (AR value after netting).
(2) The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 allocates the total amount of adjustment for the entire area related to data h1 (AR value after netting) in a merit order. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the allocation amount for each area and sets it as data h2 (control share amount).
(3) Each power supply command creation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on the data h2 (control share amount) calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52, and transmits it to the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.
(4) The power supply and demand control device 2 in each area issues a command to allocate the command value related to the data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 to each power generator 91 in each area. When the planned value is used as the reference, the adjustment amount related to the data h1 (AR value after netting) is allocated to the planned value, and when the current value is used as the reference, the adjustment amount related to the data h1 (AR value after netting) is allocated to the current value.
(5) If an abnormality or the like is detected in part of an area in a wide area, the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area uses the switching unit 60 to select data f3 (AR allocation value) instead of data h3 (LFC control output command), and allocates the adjustment amount on an area-by-area basis based on data f3 (AR allocation value).

The adjustment amount for data h1 (post-netting AR value) may be allocated based on the planned value of power generation (planned power generation value), or based on the current value of power generation (current output). Figure 9 shows a block diagram that schematically illustrates the calculations in the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The generator 91 that is the target of LFC may be called the LFC generator.

The value (ΔP') obtained by taking into account the constraint on the amount of change between control periods from the LFC allocation amount (ΔP) is allocated to the planned value (planned power generation value) (P _PLAN ) of the amount of power generated by each LFC generator, or the current value (current output) (P _NOW ) of the amount of power generated, and a command value related to data h3 (LFC control output command) is calculated by each power supply command creation unit 53. Each power supply command creation unit 53 transmits the command value for the generator 91 in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

If the imbalance (AR) is large, the amount (ΔP) allocated to each LFC generator may exceed the amount of output change that each LFC generator can make. In this case, each LFC generator will respond within the range of its current output that it can output.

The following describes the process of allocating data h1 (post-netting AR value), which is the imbalance after netting, to each LFC generator according to merit order. The process of allocating to each LFC generator (generator 91) may be either of the following: [allocation based on price ratio] or [allocation based on price difference ratio].

[Price ratio allocation]
The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance to the multiple areas in accordance with the merit order by calculation in which the contribution of each area is set by a weighting coefficient Wi based on the price ratio. The allocation may be to calculate the control share of each of the multiple areas, or to calculate the control share of each generator 91 in the multiple areas.

The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the weighting coefficient Wi of the allocation using (Equation 2).
...(Formula 2)

In (Equation 2), VCi is a function of the electricity price of each LFC generator. The amount of allocation to each LFC generator is calculated as AR×Wi by multiplying data f1 (AR value) by Wi. Data h3 (LFC control output _command ) is created by adding AR×Wi to data a1 (generator generated power value), which is the current value (current output) (P _NOW ) of the amount of power generation, or data g1 (real-time EDC value) (BG planned value), which is the planned value (power generation planned value) (P PLAN ) of the amount of power generation of the generator 91.

It is preferable that VCi be set so that it increases the lower the price is when an increase command is issued, and increases the higher the price is when a decrease command is issued. If the market price is applied as is, the ratio increases as the price increases when a decrease command is issued, which is preferable, but since the ratio decreases as the price decreases when an increase command is issued, it is necessary to adjust the price when an increase command is issued. Here, the following price-based function is used:
...(Formula 3)
...(Formula 4)

The weighting coefficient Wi applied to (Equation 2) by (Equation 3) and (Equation 4) is a function that combines a function that is directly proportional to the electricity price and a function that is directly proportional to the reciprocal of the electricity price. The adjustment amount to each LFC generator is calculated by (Equation 5).
Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) x Wi
...(Formula 5)
The adjustment amount according to (Equation 5) is added to the current output (current value) or the planned output (BG planned value) to create data h3 (LFC control output command).

By calculating data h3 (LFC control output command) using the above (Equation 2) to (Equation 5), more commands are sent to generators with low electricity prices when increasing commands are issued, and more commands are sent to generators with high electricity prices when decreasing commands are issued. This allows for economical adjustment of power supply and demand.

[Allocation based on price difference ratio]
The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance to the multiple areas in accordance with the merit order by calculation in which the contribution of each area is set by a weighting coefficient Wi based on the price difference ratio. The allocation may be to calculate the control share of each of the multiple areas, or to calculate the control share of each generator 91 in the multiple areas.

The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the weighting coefficient Wi of the allocation using (Equation 6).
...(Formula 6)

In (Equation 6), VCi is a function of the price of each LFC generator. The allocation amount to each LFC generator is calculated as AR×Wi by multiplying data f1 (AR value) by Wi. Data h3 (LFC control output _command ) is created by adding AR×Wi to data a1 (generator power generation power value), which is the current value (current output) (P _NOW ) of the power generation amount, or data g1 (real-time EDC value) (BG planned value), which is the planned value (power generation planned value) (P PLAN ) of the power generation amount of the generator 91.

It is preferable that VCi be set so that it increases as the price decreases when an increase command is issued, and increases as the price increases when an increase command is issued. Here, the following function based on the price difference is used:
...(Formula 7)
...(Formula 8)

In (Equation 7) and (Equation 8), N is the number of LFC generators to be used, V _MAX is the maximum price corresponding to the current value (current output) of each LFC generator, and V _MIN is the minimum price. Fig. 10 shows allocation based on the price difference ratio when an increase or decrease command is issued.

According to (Equation 7) and (Equation 8), the weighting coefficient Wi applied to (Equation 6) is a function of the difference between the preset reference prices _VU and _VD and the electricity price. The reference price _VU is a value exceeding the maximum price _VMAX , and the reference price _VD is a value less than the minimum price _VMIN . The reference prices _VU and _VD may be values arbitrarily determined based on past supply and demand adjustments. The adjustment amount to each LFC generator is calculated according to (Equation 9).
Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) x Wi
...(Formula 9)
The adjustment amount according to (Equation 9) is added to the current output (current value) or the planned output (BG planned value) to create data h3 (LFC control output command).

By calculating data h3 (LFC control output command) using (Equation 6) to (Equation 9), more commands are sent to generators 91 with lower electricity prices when increasing commands are issued, and more commands are sent to generators 91 with higher electricity prices when decreasing commands are issued. This enables economical adjustment of power supply and demand.

Figure 11 shows an example of adjustment costs used in the merit order method. As shown in Figure 11, adjustment costs are set discretely in steps relative to the output of the generator 91. Furthermore, there are two adjustment costs for output: an upward adjustment (V1) price and a downward adjustment (V2) price.

In a conventional wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1, the imbalance is generally allocated to multiple areas in a merit order based on the rate of change and the current value of the power generation amount (sometimes referred to as the current output or the amount of power already generated) of the generator 91, which is an LFC generator. An example of the control of a wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 in accordance with the conventional technology is shown in Figure 12.

The control related to the conventional technology shown in Figure 12 is performed by the following process.

(1) The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the regional demand amount (AR) for each area based on data f1 (AR value), calculates the total adjustment amount for the entire area to be controlled, and sets this as data h1 (AR value after netting).
(2) The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 allocates the total amount of adjustment for the entire area related to the data h1 (AR value after netting) based on the rate of change of the generator 91, which is an LFC generator.
(3) The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the total of the current values of the power generation amounts (sometimes called the current output or the amount of operation already performed) of the power generators 91, which are LFC power generators, and allocates them in merit order.
(4) Each power supply command creation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the sum of the allocation value according to (2) above and the allocation value according to (3), creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value to the LFC generator in each area, and transmits it to each area.
(5) The power supply and demand control device 2 in each area issues a command to allocate the command value related to the data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 to each power generator 91 in each area.
(6) If an abnormality or the like is detected in part of an area in a wide area, the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area uses the switching unit 60 to select data f3 (AR allocation value) instead of data h3 (LFC control output command), and allocates the adjustment amount on an area-by-area basis based on data f3 (AR allocation value).

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment is characterized by allocating the imbalance to multiple areas according to merit order, and not allocating based on the current value of the power generation amount (sometimes referred to as the current output or the amount already operated) of the generator 91, which is an LFC generator.

The current value of power generation (current output) is also called the amount of power already activated. Generally, the amount of power already activated is defined as the amount (kW) of secondary control reserve (secondary control reserve S-FRR in Figure 18) activated at a given time. Alternatively, the amount of power already activated may be defined as the "difference between the planned value and the current value."

In the prior art, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the sum of an allocation value allocated based on the rate of change of the LFC generator and the amount of operation of the LFC generator, and sets this as the command value for data h3 (LFC control output command). In the present embodiment, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the sum of an allocation value allocated based on the merit order and the amount of operation of the LFC generator, and sets this as the command value for data h3 (LFC control output command). The amount of operation of the LFC generator may be replaced with a current value and set as a planned value.

According to this embodiment, the area demand (AR) is allocated to each LFC generator according to merit order. This allows for economical power supply and demand adjustment based on merit order. Power supply and demand adjustment is carried out while ensuring the neutral position of the grid operator towards market participants.

[1-3. Effects]
(1) According to this embodiment, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 includes a netting unit 51 that calculates the total amount of data h1 (AR value after netting), which is the adjustment amount for the entire area to be controlled, based on the power (AR value) requested for each of the areas to be controlled; a control share calculation unit 52 that distributes the total amount of data h1 (AR value after netting), which is the adjustment amount for the entire area, calculated by the netting unit 51, to each of the areas to be controlled, calculates the control share for each power generator 91 in the area, and creates data h2 (control share amount); and a power supply command creation unit 53 that creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each of the areas, based on the data h2 (control share amount) related to the control share for each power generator 91 in the area calculated by the control share calculation unit 52. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the merit order that indicates the relationship between the requested power and the power price. This makes it possible to provide a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can prevent adjustment power from being unevenly concentrated in a certain area and adjust power supply and demand efficiently and economically over a wide area.

(2) The control share calculation unit 52 calculates a weighting coefficient defined by a function that increases the value as the electricity price decreases when the electricity output is increased and increases the value as the electricity price increases when the electricity output is decreased, and calculates the control share amount based on the calculated weighting coefficient.Therefore, when the electricity output is increased, the output power of generators 91 with lower electricity prices is controlled to increase preferentially, and when the electricity output is decreased, the output power of generators 91 with higher electricity prices is controlled to decrease preferentially, thereby enabling economical adjustment of electricity supply and demand.

(3) The weighting coefficient is defined by a function that combines a function that is directly proportional to the electricity price and a function that is directly proportional to the inverse of the electricity price, or a function that is based on the difference between a preset reference price and the electricity price. This makes it possible to calculate a weighting coefficient that is larger the cheaper the electricity price when increasing electricity output, and larger the more expensive the electricity price when decreasing electricity output.

In addition, because the weighting coefficients can be calculated using the simple calculations described above, the calculation time required by the control share calculation unit 52 can be shortened. This allows for efficient adjustment of power supply and demand.

As a result, the regional demand (AR) is efficiently allocated to each LFC generator according to the merit order. This enables economical power supply and demand adjustment based on the merit order. Power supply and demand adjustment is carried out while ensuring the system operator's neutral position towards market participants.

[2. Second embodiment]
[2-1. Configuration and Action]
A wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment will be described. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment in the calculation by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment.

In the following explanation, operations that differ from those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment will be described. Explanations of operations that are similar to those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment will be omitted.

In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 allocates the imbalance to multiple areas in merit order by calculation in which the contribution is set using a weighting coefficient Wi based on the electricity price ratio or price difference ratio.

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 in the second embodiment weights the output change rate and merit order of the generators 91, and by combining the two and allocating the imbalance to the generators 91 in each area, performs allocation that takes into account both economy and controllability and can flexibly respond to various system conditions.

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share) by performing a calculation in which the contributions of the controllability and economy in the area are weighted.

The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the merit order that indicates the relationship between the requested power and the power price, to calculate the control share for each generator 91 in the area and create data h2 (control share).

The control share calculation unit 52 calculates a weighting coefficient defined by a function that increases the value as the price of electricity decreases when increasing power output, and increases the value as the price of electricity increases when decreasing power output, and calculates the control share amount based on the calculated weighting coefficient.

The weighting coefficient is defined by a function that combines a function related to the electricity price and a function related to the rate of change of the generator 91's output.

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment performs the following calculations:

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment receives data f1 (AR value) from the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area, allocates the imbalance after netting in the wide area integrating each area to the power generators 91 for each area based on data f1 (AR value), and transmits this as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the power supply and demand control devices 2 in each area. The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to the second embodiment allocates the imbalance after netting to each power generator 91 according to merit order.

The imbalance (AR) after netting is allocated based on the planned value or the current output, or both the planned value and the current output. As shown in Fig. 9, the value (ΔP') obtained after considering the change amount constraint between control periods from the LFC allocation amount (ΔP) is allocated to the planned value (P _PLAN ) or current output (P _NOW ) of each LFC generator, and each power supply command creation unit 53 calculates a command value related to data h3 (LFC control output command). Each power supply command creation unit 53 transmits the command value for the generator 91 in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the power supply and demand control device 2 in each area.

If the imbalance (AR) is large, the LFC allocation amount (ΔP) allocated to each LFC generator may be larger than the amount of output change possible for each LFC generator. In this case, each generator 91 responds within the range in which it can change its output from its current output.

If the value (ΔP') obtained by simply considering the constraints on the amount of change between control periods from the LFC allocation amount (ΔP) in order of price is allocated to the planned value (P _PLAN ) or current output (P _NOW ) of each LFC generator, allocation will be in order of lowest price for an increase command (highest price for a decrease command), but the number of generators 91 in operation may decrease, which may result in a decrease in controllability.

The following describes the calculation procedure for allocating the imbalance after netting to each generator 91 according to merit order using weighting that combines the output change rate and merit order. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates either or both of the control share for each of the multiple areas and the control share for each generator 91 in the multiple areas using a calculation related to controllability that allocates the imbalance to multiple areas according to the adjustment capabilities of the multiple areas, and a calculation related to economy that allocates the imbalance to multiple areas according to merit order, with the respective contributions set by the weighting coefficient Wi.

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 allocates the imbalance after netting to each power generator 91 according to merit order using the following calculation procedure. The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance after netting to each power generator 91 using a weighting coefficient Wi according to (Equation 10). (Equation 10) is an example of the weighting coefficient Wi.
...(Formula 10)

In Equation 10, VCi is a function of the price of each LFC generator. Ri is the output change rate of the LFC generator. The weighting coefficient Wi is determined solely by the price when δ = 1, and is determined in proportion to the output change rate when δ = 0. The weight of the price difference can also be changed by the index m.

The adjustment amount to each LFC generator is calculated by (Equation 11).
Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) x Wi
...(Formula 11)
The adjustment amount according to (Equation 11) is added to the current output (current value) or the planned output (BG planned value) to create data h3 (LFC control output command).

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 may allocate the imbalance after netting to each power generator 91 using a weighting coefficient Wi according to (Equation 12). (Equation 12) is an example of the weighting coefficient Wi.
...(Formula 12)

In (Equation 12), the first and second terms are multiplied, so the effect of the change rate ratio on the price ratio or price difference ratio is greater compared to (Equation 10). In (Equation 12), the price function VCi may relate to either the price ratio related to (Equation 2) in the first embodiment or the price difference ratio related to (Equation 6).

The adjustment amount for each LFC generator is calculated by (Equation 13).
Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) x Wi
...(Formula 13)
The adjustment amount according to (Equation 13) is added to the current output (current value) or the planned output (BG planned value) to generate data h3 (LFC control output command).

In this embodiment, the weighting coefficient Wi, which combines the output change rate and merit order, enables flexible calculations that correspond to various system conditions, and allows the imbalance to be appropriately distributed to each generator 91.

[2-2. Effects]
(1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 calculates a weighting coefficient defined by a function, and calculates the control share amount based on the calculated weighting coefficient. The weighting coefficient is defined by a function that combines a function related to the electricity price and a function related to the output change rate of the generator 91. Therefore, by performing calculations using a weighting coefficient that combines the output change rate and the merit order, it is possible to flexibly allocate the imbalance to the generator 91 in response to various system conditions.

As a result, the regional demand (AR) is efficiently allocated to each LFC generator according to the merit order. This enables economical power supply and demand adjustment based on the merit order. Power supply and demand adjustment is carried out while ensuring the system operator's neutral position towards market participants.

3. Third embodiment
[3-1. Configuration and Action]
A wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment will be described. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment systems 1 according to the first and second embodiments in the calculation by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments.

In the following explanation, we will explain operations that differ from those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments. Explanations of operations that are similar to those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments will be omitted.

In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first and second embodiments, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount based on the price ratio and price difference ratio of the electricity prices. The adjustment amount calculated based on the price ratio and price difference ratio of the electricity prices is desirable from the standpoint of controllability, as command values are distributed to all LFC generators.

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment aims to balance adjustment costs and controllability, and calculates adjustment amounts more faithfully to the merit order. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment is characterized by calculating adjustment amounts more faithfully based on the merit order, instead of calculating adjustment amounts based on the electricity price ratio and price difference ratio as in the first and second embodiments.

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 in this embodiment distributes the imbalance in order of electricity price based on the relationship between the output power and electricity price of each generator 91, calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area, and creates data h2 (control share).

The calculation method for distributing the imbalance in order of electricity price based on the relationship between the output power of each generator 91 and the electricity price is sometimes called the strip method. The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount based on the merit order using the so-called strip method. Figure 13 shows the concept of merit order using the strip method.

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount using a strip method as shown in Figure 13. When current output is below the planned value, a downward adjustment price is used, and when it is above the planned value, an upward adjustment price is used. When current output is below the planned value, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount using a wide-area merit order for only the portion above the planned value.

After calculating the adjustment amount for each LFC generator, the control share calculation unit 52 applies a limiter to allocate the adjustment amount within the range in which the output of each LFC generator can change, resulting in data h2 (control share). Each power supply command creation unit 53 outputs data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value, based on the calculated data h2 (control share).

According to this embodiment, the area demand (AR) is allocated to each LFC generator according to merit order. This allows for economical power supply and demand adjustment based on merit order. Power supply and demand adjustment is carried out while ensuring the neutral position of the grid operator towards market participants.

[3-2. Effects]
(1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area by distributing the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the merit order that indicates the relationship between the requested power and the power price. This prevents the adjustment power from being unevenly concentrated in a certain area, and makes it possible to provide a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can adjust power supply and demand efficiently and economically across a wide area.

(2) The control share calculation unit 52 distributes the imbalance in order of electricity price based on the relationship between the output power of each generator 91 and the electricity price, calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area, and creates data h2 (control share), thereby enabling economical adjustment of electricity supply and demand.

As a result, the regional demand (AR) is efficiently allocated to each LFC generator according to the merit order. This enables economical power supply and demand adjustment based on the merit order. Power supply and demand adjustment is carried out while ensuring the system operator's neutral position towards market participants.

4. Fourth embodiment
[4-1. Configuration and Action]
A wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fourth embodiment differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment systems 1 according to the first to third embodiments in the calculation by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to third embodiments.

In the following explanation, we will explain operations that differ from those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to third embodiments. Explanations of operations that are similar to those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to third embodiments will be omitted.

In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to third embodiments, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the control share and then creates a command value for each LFC generator as data h3 (LFC control output command).

Each LFC generator has an upper limit on the rate of change in power output. Each LFC generator can fluctuate a certain amount of power per unit time. However, each LFC generator cannot fluctuate power beyond the rate of change that it can output. The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 in this embodiment applies a limiter to the control share for each LFC generator based on the power value at the rate of change that each LFC generator can output, and obtains data h2 (control share).

The control share calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control share) by limiting the control share for each LFC generator using the rate limiter shown in Figure 7, and each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command).

The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area based on the output change rate, which is the maximum value of the output power that the generator 91 can fluctuate per unit time, and creates data h2 (control share).

The control burden calculation unit 52 calculates the control burden for each generator 91 in the area, including the control burden corresponding to the transmission time required to send and receive command values to the generator 91 to be controlled.

The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the power value that can be varied from the current output power based on the rate of change that each LFC generator can output, based on a control period of, for example, 5 seconds before and after.

In an actual power system 9, a transmission delay occurs in commands from the power supply and demand control device 2 to each generator 91, which is an LFC generator. This transmission delay is generally about 3 seconds. Furthermore, a transmission delay also occurs in the response from each generator 91, which is an LFC generator, to the power supply and demand control device 2. This transmission delay is generally about 3 seconds. Each generator 91, which is an LFC generator, transmits the value of the power it is currently outputting as a response to the power supply and demand control device 2. Therefore, a total transmission delay of about 6 seconds occurs in the transmission between the power supply and demand control device 2 and each generator 91, which is an LFC generator.

Fig. 14 shows a conceptual diagram of a limiter by the control share calculation unit 52. In Fig. 14, T _LFC is a control period. The control period T _LFC is, for example, 5 seconds. V _LFC is a rate of change in the power output of the LFC generator. The rate of change V _LFC is a value of power that the LFC generator can fluctuate when the unit time is 1 second.

After the control period T _LFC , the LFC generator can vary the power required for the control period T _LFC × change rate V _LFC relative to the current output. Furthermore, as described above, a time required for transmission delay occurs in transmission between the power supply and demand control device 2 and each LFC generator. If the time required for the transmission delay is 6 seconds, during the time required for the transmission delay the LFC generator can vary the power required for 6 seconds × change rate V _LFC relative to the current output.

Therefore, the control share calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control share) by adding 6 seconds × change rate V _LFC to the control period T _LFC × change rate V _LFC . Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) based on data h2 (control share).

The control allocation calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control allocation amount) based on the control period T _LFC and the time required for transmission delay in transmission between the power supply and demand control device 2 and the generator 91, which is an LFC generator.

According to this embodiment, a command value for output power is calculated based on the control period T _LFC and the time required for transmission delay, and a command for output power can be issued to the generator 91, which is an LFC generator, so that a shortage of the power control amount due to a control delay can be eliminated.

[4-2. Effects]
(1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area based on the output change rate, which is the maximum value of the output power that the generator 91 can fluctuate per unit time, and creates data h2 (control share). This makes it possible to prevent the generator 91 from being commanded by a command value that exceeds the power that can be output within the control time, and to eliminate insufficient control. This makes it possible to provide a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can prevent the adjustment capacity from being unevenly distributed in a certain area and efficiently adjust power supply and demand over a wide area.

(2) The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for each generator 91 in the area, including the control amount corresponding to the transmission time required to send and receive command values to the generator 91 that is the control target, and creates data h2 (control share). This makes it possible to eliminate control share shortages caused by the time required for the control period and transmission delays. This enables efficient adjustment of power supply and demand over a wide area.

5. Fifth embodiment
[5-1. Configuration and Action]
A wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fifth embodiment will be described. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fifth embodiment differs from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment systems 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments in the calculation by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments.

In the following explanation, we will explain operations that differ from those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments. Explanations of operations that are similar to those of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments will be omitted.

In the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments, the netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 performs netting based on the AR in each area and creates data h1 (AR value after netting). The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share and creates data h2 (control share). Each power supply command creation unit 53 transmits data h3 (LFC control output command) to each area.

Data h2 (control share) created by the control share calculation unit 52 according to the first to fourth embodiments is calculated as a control amount without being based on the upper or lower limit margin due to the interconnection line power flow constraints between each area. Therefore, when the power supply and demand control device 2 controls the generators 91 in each area based on data h2 (control share) according to the first to fourth embodiments, there is a possibility that the supply amount to the area in need will be either excessive or insufficient, resulting in a control remainder.

The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment is characterized by adjusting the AR after netting and suppressing the control residual based on the interconnection line power flow constraint, which is the margin of power transmission between areas.

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the control share for each generator 91 based on the interconnection line power flow constraints between areas and creates data h2 (control share).

As an example, we will explain the case where four systems, areas A to D, are interconnected, as shown in Figure 15.

It is assumed that each interconnector has the following tie-line power flow constraints, also known as margins:
Area A to Area B: -20MW to +20MW
Area B to Area C: -50MW to +50MW
Area C to Area D: -30MW to +30MW

The operation of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 when there are interconnection line flow constraints as described above is described below. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 may perform netting using either of the following two calculations:

[When netting AR is positive]
The following describes the case where the netting AR is positive, that is, the value associated with data h1 (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51 is positive. The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 calculates the post-netting AR based on data f1 (AR value) transmitted from each area, and creates data h1 (post-netting AR value). As shown in Figure 16, when the AR0 associated with data f1 (AR value) for each area is as follows, the post-netting AR associated with data h1 (post-netting AR value) calculated by the netting unit 51 is +300 MW.
AR0 _A = +100MW
AR0 _B = +100MW
_AR0C =+80MW
_AR0D =+20MW

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 performs primary allocation by merit order based on the data h1 (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51, and creates AR1, which is the post-netting AR allocation. The post-netting AR allocation AR1 is assumed to be as follows:
AR1 _A = 0 MW
AR1 _B = +300MW
AR1 _C = 0 MW
AR1 _D = 0 MW

If a command is issued to each area using data h3 (LFC control output command) based on the above AR1, it would be inconvenient because power exceeding the interconnection line power flow constraint would be supplied from area B to areas A, C, and D. To resolve this, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 performs adjustment by secondary allocation based on AR1, which is the AR allocation after netting, and creates AR2, which is the adjusted AR allocation. The adjusted AR allocation AR2 is assumed to be as follows.
AR2 _A = +20MW (20MW from Area B)
AR2 _B = +200MW (20MW to area A, 50MW to area C,
30MW to Area D)
AR2 _C = +50MW (50MW from Area B)
AR2 _D = +30MW (30MW from Area B)

[When Netting AR is negative]
The following describes the case where the netting AR is negative, that is, the value associated with data h1 (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51 is negative. The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 calculates the post-netting AR based on data f1 (AR value) transmitted from each area, and creates data h1 (post-netting AR value). As shown in Figure 17, when the AR0 associated with data f1 (AR value) for each area is as follows, the post-netting AR associated with data h1 (post-netting AR value) calculated by the netting unit 51 is -300 MW.
AR0 _A =-100MW
AR0 _B =-100MW
_AR0C =-80MW
_AR0D =-20MW

The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 performs primary allocation by merit order based on the data h1 (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51, and creates AR1, which is the post-netting AR allocation. The post-netting AR allocation AR1 is assumed to be as follows:
AR1 _A = 0 MW
AR1 _B = 0 MW
AR1 _C =-300MW
AR1 _D = 0 MW

If a command is issued to each area using data h3 (LFC control output command) based on the above AR1, it would be inconvenient because power exceeding the interconnection line power flow constraint would be supplied from area C to areas A, B, and D. To resolve this, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 performs adjustment by secondary allocation based on AR1, which is the AR allocation after netting, and creates AR2, which is the adjusted AR allocation. The adjusted AR allocation AR2 is assumed to be as follows.
AR2 _A = -20 MW (-20 MW from area C)
AR2 _B = -50MW (-50MW from area C)
AR2 _C = -210MW (-20MW to area A, -50MW to area B,
To Area D -20MW)
AR2 _D = -20 MW (-20 MW from area C)

According to this embodiment, the regional demand (AR) is allocated to each area based on the upper and lower limit margins due to the interconnection line flow constraints between each area. Since power that satisfies the interconnection line flow constraints is transmitted between each area, controllability in the wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 1 is improved.

[5-2. Effects]
(1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for each generator 91 based on the power flow constraints of the interconnection lines between areas and creates data h2 (control share). This makes it possible to prevent the generator 91 from being commanded by a command value that exceeds the power that can be transmitted between areas, thereby eliminating insufficient control. This makes it possible to provide a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 that can suppress uneven distribution of adjustment capacity in certain areas and efficiently adjust power supply and demand over a wide area.

6. Other Embodiments
Although embodiments including modifications have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as within the scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the claims. The following is an example.

(1) In the above embodiment, data g1 (real-time EDC value) is calculated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 and transmitted to the target value creation unit 23. When economic allocation is performed by the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, data g1 (real-time EDC value) may not be calculated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27. Furthermore, even when economic allocation is performed by the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, area-specific data g1 (real-time EDC value) may be calculated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27.

(2) In the above embodiment, the generator 91 is a thermal power generator, a hydroelectric power generator, or the like. However, the generator 91 is not limited to this. The generator 91 may also be a storage battery, a DR, or the like.

(3) In the above embodiment, the natural energy power generation facility 92 may be a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, an ocean current power generation device, or a geothermal power generation device.

(4) In the above embodiment, the input unit 21 is a receiving circuit, but this is not limited to this. The input unit 21 may also be an input device such as a memory port or keyboard.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Wide-area supply and demand adjustment system 2... Electric power supply and demand control devices 21, 21a, 21b, 21n... Input unit 22, 22a, 22b, 22n... Output unit 23, 23a, 23b, 23n... Target value creation unit 24... AR calculation unit 25... AR smoothing unit 26... AR allocation unit 27... Real-time EDC calculation unit 31... AR transmission unit 32... Information transmission unit 33... LFC control output command receiving unit 34... Switching unit 5... Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 51... Netting unit 52... Control allocation amount calculation unit 53... Each power supply command creation unit 91, 91a, 91b, 91n... Generators 92, 92a, 92b, 92n... Natural energy power generation equipment 93... Detectors 97, 97a, 97b, 97n... Signal lines 98, 98a, 98b, 98n... Signal lines

Claims (11)

a netting unit that calculates a total adjustment amount for the entire area to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each area to be controlled;
a control allocation amount calculation unit that distributes the total amount of adjustment amounts for the entire area calculated by the netting unit to each of the areas to be controlled, and calculates a control allocation amount for each generator in each of the areas;
a power supply command creation unit that creates a command value for each of the areas based on the control share for each of the generators in each of the areas calculated by the control share calculation unit,
the control share calculation unit calculates the control share for each of the power generators in the area by distributing an imbalance, which is a difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on a merit order indicating the relationship between the requested power and the power price;
Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device. The control allocation amount calculation unit
Calculating a weighting coefficient defined by a function that increases the value as the price of electricity becomes cheaper when increasing the power output, and that increases the value as the price of electricity becomes more expensive when decreasing the power output;
Calculating the control allocation amount based on the calculated weighting coefficient.
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1. The weighting coefficient is defined by a function that combines a function that is directly proportional to the electricity price and a function that is directly proportional to the inverse of the electricity price, or a function that is based on a difference between a preset reference price and the electricity price.
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2. The weighting coefficient is defined by a function that combines a function related to the electricity price and a function related to the output change rate of the generator.
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2. the control share calculation unit calculates the control share for each of the power generators in the area by distributing the imbalance in order of the power prices based on a relationship between the output power of each of the power generators and the power prices;
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2. the control share calculation unit calculates the control share for each of the generators in the area based on an output change rate that is a maximum value of output power that the generators can fluctuate per unit time;
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2. the control share calculation unit calculates the control share for each of the generators in the area, including a control amount corresponding to a transmission time required to transmit and receive a command value to and from the generator being controlled;
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 6. the control share calculation unit calculates the control share for each of the generators based on a power flow constraint on an interconnection line between the areas.
The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2. a netting unit that calculates a total adjustment amount for the entire area to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each area to be controlled;
a control allocation amount calculation unit that distributes the total amount of adjustment amounts for the entire area calculated by the netting unit to each of the areas to be controlled, and calculates a control allocation amount for each generator in each of the areas;
each power supply command creation unit that creates a command value for each of the areas based on the control share for each of the generators in each of the areas calculated by the control share calculation unit;
a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device having the
a target value creating unit that creates a power generation target value for the generator to be controlled based on the command value created by each of the power command creating units, and transmits the power generation target value to the generator;
a plurality of power supply and demand control devices;
the control share calculation unit calculates the control share for each of the power generators in the area by distributing an imbalance, which is a difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on a merit order indicating the relationship between the requested power and the power price;
Wide-area supply and demand adjustment system. On the computer,
a netting step of calculating a total amount of adjustment for the entire area to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each area to be controlled;
a control share calculation step of distributing the total amount of adjustment for the entire area calculated in the netting step to each of the areas to be controlled, and calculating a control share for each generator in each of the areas;
a power supply command creation step of creating a command value for each of the areas based on the control share of each of the generators in each of the areas calculated in the control share calculation step,
the control share calculation step calculates the control share for each of the power generators in the area by distributing an imbalance, which is a difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on a merit order indicating the relationship between the requested power and the power price;
Computer program for wide-area supply and demand adjustment equipment. a netting procedure for calculating the total amount of adjustment for the entire area to be controlled based on the power (AR value) required for each area to be controlled;
a control share calculation procedure for distributing the total amount of adjustment for the entire area calculated by the netting procedure to each of the areas to be controlled, and calculating a control share for each generator in each of the areas;
a power supply command creation procedure for creating a command value for each of the areas based on the control share of each of the power generators in each of the areas calculated by the control share calculation procedure,
the control share calculation step calculates the control share for each of the power generators in the area by distributing an imbalance, which is a difference between currently supplied power and requested power, based on a merit order indicating a relationship between requested power and a power price;
Wide-area supply and demand adjustment method.