JP7795404B2 - Subaxle installation/removal jig and subaxle installation/removal method using the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a subaxle attachment/detachment jig and a subaxle attachment/detachment method using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a subaxle attachment/detachment jig used when disassembling and transporting crawler-type construction machinery, and a subaxle attachment/detachment method using the same.

In large crawler-type construction machinery, such as large pile drivers, the crawler device is removed from the truck frame of the lower running body and transported separately due to weight restrictions during transportation, and then assembled and used on-site. For this reason, special jigs have been developed and are now in use to make it easier to attach and detach the crawler device (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-6809

When it comes to reducing transport weight, there are some models for which simply disassembling large parts such as crawler devices is not sufficient. In such cases, the extensive work of removing winch drums and other components is required, which poses a significant workload when carried out on site, where speed is required.

The present invention aims to provide a subaxle attachment/detachment tool that can attach and detach a subaxle to and from an axle body, and a subaxle attachment/detachment method using the same.

To achieve the above objective, the subaxle removal and installation jig of the present invention is a jig for removing and installation of a subaxle that is supported on an axis extending the axle body in the longitudinal direction and serves as the mounting portion for a crawler device that constitutes the running body of a construction machine. It is characterized by comprising a base for placing the subaxle, casters that allow the base to move, an adjuster that can adjust the inclination of the base, a restraining means for restraining the tip end of the subaxle on the base, and an insertion and removal means that allows the support shaft to be inserted and removed from the shaft hole at the base end of the subaxle.

The restraining means is characterized by comprising a rotating shaft that rotates the subaxle and a fixed shaft that restricts the rotation of the subaxle around the rotating shaft. The insertion/extraction means is characterized by comprising a support column provided on the frame and a manual loading/unloading machine attached to the support column that holds the support shaft so that it can be lifted.

The subaxle removal and installation method of the present invention is a method for removing and installing a subaxle using the subaxle removal and installation jig, and is characterized by sequentially performing the following steps: positioning the base directly below the subaxle; placing the subaxle on the base; restraining the front end of the subaxle with the restraining means; removing the support shaft from the shaft hole at the base end of the subaxle with the insertion/removal means; and separating the subaxle from the axle body.

According to the present invention, the subaxle installation/removal jig includes a base on which the subaxle is placed, casters that allow the base to move, an adjuster that can adjust the inclination of the base, a restraining means that restrains the tip of the subaxle on the base, and an insertion/removal means that allows the support axle to be inserted into or removed from the axle hole at the base end of the subaxle. This allows for safe installation and removal of the subaxle with a simple configuration. In other words, after the subaxle is placed on the base, the support axle at the base end is inserted or removed while the tip end is restrained. This stabilizes the subaxle on the base, facilitating disassembly and assembly work during transportation.

1 is a side view of a pile driver to which a sub-axle attaching/detaching jig according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 10 is a side view of the base machine with the crawler device removed. FIG. FIG. 10 is a side view of the sub-axle mounting/dismounting jig. This is also a front view. FIG. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the setup for using the sub-axle mounting/dismounting jig. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the state in which the tip end of the subaxle is restrained. FIG. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the setup for using the cargo handling machine. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the state in which the shaft has been removed from the sub-axle of the cargo handling machine. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the state in which the sub-axle is rotated outward. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the state in which the sub-axle mounting/dismounting jig has been retracted. FIG. FIG. 10 is a side view showing the sub-axle mounting/dismounting jig in a state where it can be lifted.

Figures 1 to 15 show a subaxle attachment/detachment jig according to one embodiment of the present invention applied to a pile driver, an example of construction machinery. As shown in Figure 1, the pile driver 11 includes a base machine 14 consisting of a lower track 12 and an upper rotating body 13 rotatably mounted on top of the lower track 12, a leader bracket 15 detachably mounted on the front of the upper rotating body 13, a leader 16 mounted on the front end of the leader bracket 15 in a raised and lowerable manner, a pair of left and right front jacks 17 mounted on both sides of the leader bracket 15, a pair of left and right outrigger jacks 18 mounted on the rear of the upper rotating body 13, a pair of left and right backstays 19 supporting the leader 16 from the rear of the upper rotating body 13, and a raised and lowerable gantry 20 mounted above the rear of the upper rotating body 13.

A working device such as an auger (not shown) is mounted in front of the leader 16 so that it can be raised and lowered along the leader 16. This device winds and unwinds wires wound around multiple winch drums (not shown) mounted on the upper rotating body 13, and operates a hydraulic unit (not shown) mounted on the upper rotating body 13 to perform various tasks, including raising and lowering the working device.

When transporting such a pile driver 11, it is disassembled into multiple pieces depending on its weight and size, and each piece is loaded onto a transport vehicle such as a trailer. First, large components such as the leader 16, backstay 19, and gantry 20 are removed from the upper rotating body 13. Then, to transport the base machine 14, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the front jack 17 and outrigger jack 18, which are equipped with raising spacers 21, are extended to raise the base machine 14, and the left and right crawler devices 22 on the lower traveling body 12 are separated from the track frame 23 by the lifting operation of a crane.

The track frame 23 consists of a center frame 24 with a slewing bearing and a pair of front and rear axle bodies 25, 25 mounted in front and behind the center frame 24. Four sub-axles 26 are provided at both longitudinal ends of the axle bodies 25, 25 as mounting points for the crawler device 22. These sub-axles are axially supported in a manner that extends the axle body 25 in the longitudinal direction.

The subaxles 26 are a pair of symmetrical bracket structures, and in this embodiment, each has a mass of approximately 200 kg. The base end of the subaxle 26 has an axle hole 26a (Figure 6) that aligns with the overlapping portion with the axle body 25. A shaft (support axle) 27 is inserted through this axle hole 26a, and the subaxle is cantilevered relative to the axle body 25. Meanwhile, the tip of the subaxle 26 has two axle holes 26b and 26c in its bifurcated portion, into which a connecting member (not shown) of the crawler device 22 is inserted for connection. A first pin (rotating axle) 28 and a second pin (fixed axle) 29 are inserted, starting from the axle hole 26b at the tip, into each axle hole 26b and 26c, respectively.

When removing the subaxle 26 from the axle body 25 as a measure to reduce transportation mass, a subaxle removal and installation jig 30 that also serves as a transportation stand is used. As shown in Figures 4 to 6, the subaxle removal and installation jig 30 has a manually operable bore structure, and basically includes a stand 31 on which a pair of subaxles 26, 26 are placed, casters 32 that allow the stand 31 to be moved, an adjuster 33 that can adjust the inclination of the stand 31, a restraining means 34 that restrains the tip end of the subaxle 26 on the stand 31, and an insertion/removal means 35 that allows the shaft 27 to be inserted and removed from the shaft hole 26a at the base end of the subaxle 26.

The platform 31 has a frame structure made from a combination of steel sections and plate materials, with a flat mounting section 31a in the center for placing a pair of subaxles 26, 26 on it. A raised plate 31b is provided on the front side of the platform 31 (right side in Figure 4) to fit onto the tip of the subaxle 26 (which has a bifurcated shape). A bar handle 31c is provided on the top surface of the plate 31b for pushing and pulling the platform 31, which is supported by casters 32. The frame of the platform 31 also has multiple lifting holes 31d for mounting and lifting the subaxles 26, 26.

The adjusters 33 are provided at four locations (front, back, left, and right) that correspond to the positions of the casters 32, and consist, for example, of pusher bolts that penetrate the bottom of the base 31 in the vertical direction. Tightening the pusher bolt at the desired position generates a repulsive force from the ground G, allowing the tilt of the base 31 to be adjusted.

As shown in Figure 6, the restraining means 34 includes a first pin (rotating shaft) 28 that rotates the sub-axle 26, and a second pin (fixed shaft) 29 that restricts the rotation of the sub-axle 26 around the first pin 28. The plate 31b has three shaft holes 31e, 31f, and 31g on each side, for a total of six, allowing the first pin 28 and second pin 29 to be inserted and removed.

Of the axle holes 31e, 31f, and 31g, one axle hole 31e that aligns with the axle hole 26b of the subaxle 26 is selected, and the first pin 28 is inserted to rotatably support the subaxle 26. Then, the inner axle hole 31f of the remaining two is selected, and the second pin 29 is inserted to non-rotatably support the subaxle 26. This causes the pair of subaxles 26, 26 to be parallel to each other and restrained on the mounting portion 31a. On the other hand, if the outer axle hole 31g is selected, and the second pin 29 is inserted to non-rotatably support the subaxle 26, 26, the pair of subaxles 26, 26 to be restrained on the mounting portion 31a in a V-shape.

The insertion/removal means 35 includes a support pillar 36 attached to the frame 31 and a manual loading/unloading machine 37 attached to the support pillar 36 and holding the shaft (support shaft) 27 so that it can be lifted. The support pillar 36 is made of a square pipe thick enough to pass between the subaxles 26, 26, and is retractable so that it can be folded forward at the midpoint around a pivot pin 36a. When the support pillar 36 is retracted (shown by the imaginary line in Figure 4), the plate surface of the contact plate portion 36b, which is retracted together with the support pillar 36, abuts against the top surface of the subaxle 26, and the two are fixed together with a butterfly bolt 38 using a tapped hole 26d provided in the subaxle 26.

Upper shackles 39 are attached to both sides of the upper end of the support 36, and a lower shackle 39 is attached to the shaft 27, with the loading machine 37 connected via these upper and lower shackles 39, 39. The loading machine 37 is, for example, a lever block (registered trademark, the same applies hereinafter), a well-known manual pulling device, and two are provided to correspond to the number of shafts 27, 27. When the upper and lower hooks 37a, 37b of the lever block are engaged with the shackles 39, 39 and the lever is operated back and forth, the length of the chain is shortened, tension is applied, and the shaft 27 can be inserted or removed.

The following describes a method for attaching and detaching subaxles 26 using the subaxle attachment/detachment jig 30, with reference to Figures 7 to 15. Four subaxle attachment/detachment jigs 30 are prepared, allowing all eight subaxles 26 to be transported individually. First, with the left and right crawler devices 22 removed from the track frame 23, the track frame 23 is rotated so that the first set of subaxles 26, 26 to be worked on is positioned on one side of the upper rotating body 13, for example, near the driver's cab 13a (Figure 3).

As shown in Figure 7, the subaxle attachment/detachment jig 30 is inserted into the space below the subaxle 26 with the support 36 raised and the base 31 facing the subaxle 26. At this time, the height of the base machine 14 is adjusted as needed by extending or retracting the front jack 17 and outrigger jack 18.

Next, as shown in Figure 8, the frame 31 is placed directly below the sub-axle 26, and the plate 31b is inserted into the tip of the sub-axle 26 (which has a bifurcated shape). Then, the pusher bolt is tightened to adjust the adjuster 33. This places the sub-axle 26 on the mounting portion 31a, and the inclination of the sub-axle 26 and frame 31 are aligned.

Next, the first pin 28 is inserted into one of the coaxial shaft holes 26b, 31e, and the second pin 29 is inserted into the other shaft hole 26c, 31f, to restrain the tip of the subaxle 26. The tip of the subaxle 26 on the opposite side is similarly restrained, so that the pair of subaxles 26, 26 are stably held parallel to each other on the mounting portion 31a, as shown in Figure 9.

Next, as shown in Figure 10, shackles 39 are attached to both sides of the upper end of the support pillar 36 and to the upper ends of the two shafts 27, and the loading machine 37 is placed in a standby state with two lever blocks inserted between the upper and lower shackles 39. One of the lever blocks is then reciprocated to shorten the length of the chain. As a result, as shown in Figure 11, the shaft 27 is removed from the shaft hole 26a at the base end of the sub-axle 26, and the axle support state of the sub-axle 26, i.e., the connection between the axle body 25 and the sub-axle 26, is released.

Next, with the shaft 27 suspended (Figure 11), as shown in Figure 12, the second pin 29 is inserted from the inner shaft hole 31f to the outer shaft hole 31g in the plate 31b, thereby rotating the subaxle 26 from the inside to the outside around the first pin 28. The same process is repeated on the opposite side, rotating the subaxle 26 from the inside to the outside around the first pin 28. This eliminates the problem of the axle body 25 and subaxle 26 being pressed together vertically when the adjuster 33 is released. After releasing the adjuster 33, the pair of subaxles 26, 26 are held in a V-shape, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, and the mount 31 and axle body 25 are separated, and the mount 31 is retracted away from the axle body 25.

Next, the second pin 29 is inserted from the outer shaft hole 31g to the inner shaft hole 31f in the plate body 31b, causing the V-shaped sub-axles 26, 26 to rotate from the outside to the inside around the first pin 28. This holds the sub-axles 26, 26 parallel to each other on the mounting portion 31a. Then, by operating the lever block back and forth to extend the length of the chain, the suspended shaft 27 moves downward and is inserted into the shaft hole 26a at the base end of the sub-axle 26. This procedure is repeated for the other shaft 27.

Finally, as shown in Figure 15, with the lever block removed, the support 36 is lowered and secured to the top of the subaxle 26 with a butterfly bolt 38. This subaxle 26 separation process is repeated for the remaining three locations while rotating the truck frame 23 as needed. The four subaxle removal and attachment jigs 30, with the subaxles 26 now installed, are lifted by a crane using the lifting holes 31d and loaded in an aligned position onto the bed of a transport vehicle. Once transported to the destination site, they are attached to the truck frame 23 in the reverse order of the above during the assembly process of the pile driver 11.

As described above, according to the present invention, the subaxle attachment/detachment jig 30 includes a base 31 on which the subaxle 26 is placed, casters 32 that allow the base 31 to move, an adjuster 33 that allows the tilt of the base 31 to be adjusted, a restraining means 34 that restrains the tip end of the subaxle 26 on the base 31, and an insertion/detachment means 35 that allows the support shaft 27 to be inserted into and removed from the shaft hole 26a at the base end of the subaxle 26. This allows the subaxle 26 to be safely attached and detached with a simple configuration. In other words, after the subaxle 26 is placed on the base 31, the support shaft 27 at the base end is inserted and removed while the tip end is restrained. This stabilizes the subaxle 26 on the base, facilitating disassembly and assembly work during transportation.

In addition, the restraining means 34 is equipped with a pivot shaft 28 that rotates the sub-axle 26 and a fixed shaft 29 that restricts the rotation of the sub-axle 26 around the pivot shaft 28. This allows the sub-axle 26 to be kept stable with a simple pin connection, and the sub-axle 26 can be moved closer to or farther away from the axle body 25 by simply rotating the sub-axle 26. This is particularly effective for axle insertion and removal operations where strict positioning and angle (inclination) are required.

Furthermore, the insertion/removal means 35 includes a support 36 attached to the frame 31 and a manual loading/unloading machine 37 attached to the support 36 that holds the support shaft 27 so that it can be lifted. This provides a simple and inexpensive configuration for inserting and removing the support shaft 27, resulting in a subaxle attachment/detachment jig 30 that is suitable for a variety of on-site environments where the pile driver 11 is used.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described exemplary embodiments. Various configurations are possible for the frame and each component as long as they can be handled manually, and modifications can be made as appropriate depending on the shape and size of the subaxle to be installed. Furthermore, the equipment used when attaching or detaching the subaxle may be something that can check the degree of inclination (level), such as a spirit level. Furthermore, while the examples have been described using a pile driver as an example, the present invention is not limited to this and can also be applied to other large crawler-type construction machinery.

11...pile driver, 12...lower running body, 13...upper rotating body, 13a...operator cab, 14...base machine, 15...leader bracket, 16...leader, 17...front jack, 18...outrigger jack, 19...backstay, 20...gantry, 21...spacer, 22...crawler device, 23...track frame, 24...center frame, 25...axle body, 26...subaxle, 26a, 26b, 26c...shaft hole, 26d...tapped hole, 27...shaft (support shaft), 28...first pin (rotating shaft), 29...second pin (fixed shaft), 30...subaxle attachment/detachment jig, 31...frame, 31a...mounting portion, 31b...plate body, 31c...bar handle, 31d...hanging hole, 31e, 31f, 31g...shaft holes, 32...caster, 33...adjuster, 34...restraint means, 35...insertion/removal means, 36...support, 36a...rotating pin, 36b...backing plate portion, 37...loading machine, 37a, 37b...hook, 38...wing bolt, 39...shackle

Claims (4)

A sub-axle mounting/dismounting jig that supports a sub-axle in a manner that extends the axle body in the longitudinal direction as a mounting portion of a crawler device that constitutes a traveling body of a construction machine,
a frame on which the sub-axle is mounted;
Casters that allow the stand to be moved;
an adjuster capable of adjusting the tilt of the stand;
a restraining means for restraining a tip end portion of the subaxle on the frame;
an insertion/removal means for inserting and removing a support shaft into and from a shaft hole at a base end of the sub-axle;
A sub-axle attachment/detachment jig comprising: A subaxle removal and installation jig as described in claim 1, characterized in that the restraining means comprises a pivot shaft that rotates the subaxle and a fixed shaft that restricts rotation of the subaxle around the pivot shaft. A subaxle removal and installation jig as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the insertion and removal means comprises a support column provided on the frame and a manual loading and unloading machine attached to the support column and holding the support shaft so that it can be lifted. A sub-axle mounting and dismounting method using the sub-axle mounting and dismounting jig according to claim 1,
positioning the cradle directly beneath the sub-axle;
placing the subaxle on the platform;
restraining a tip end portion of the subaxle with the restraining means;
removing the support shaft from the shaft hole at the base end of the sub-axle by the insertion/removal means;
separating the sub-axle from the axle body;
A sub-axle installation and removal method characterized by carrying out the above steps in order.