JPS5833041B2 - small lathe - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a small lathe for machining relatively small workpieces, and particularly to a lathe that is extremely compact as a whole.

Most of the small-sized lathes (for example, bench lathes) conventionally used for turning small items have been miniaturized versions of normal-sized lathes.

That is, a slide device is provided on the bed to the right of the headstock on which the spindle is rotatably supported, and is movable in a direction parallel to the axis of the spindle and a direction intersecting the axis. Normally, the turning force was applied to the workpiece, which was rotated integrally with the main spindle, using a cutting tool attached to the turret.

However, as long as the headstock and bed are arranged in a line like this, there is a limit to miniaturization, and lathes that are unnaturally too thick compared to the size of the workpiece to be machined are used. The reality was that

Nowadays, one worker often owns multiple lathes in order to improve productivity, but unnecessarily large lathes mean that workers have to walk a long distance. This also leads to an increase in the floor space required for installation.

Further, in order to provide a predetermined movement of the cutting tool by disposing a slide device, a tool rest, etc. on the bed, a complicated mechanism and a large number of parts are required, which increases the cost of the lathe itself.

Another drawback was that the worker had to stand in front of the bed, parallel to the axis of the spindle, and the distance to the chuck was long, making it difficult to attach and detach the workpiece. .

The present invention was made for the purpose of providing a new small-sized lathe that can eliminate the various problems mentioned above in conventional small-sized lathes. By eliminating the previous basic idea of arranging the bed and the bed side by side, we have made it possible for the headstock itself to fulfill the role that the bed had traditionally performed.

That is, in the small lathe according to the present invention, in addition to the main spindle, a round bar-shaped sliding shaft is provided on the main spindle surface of the upper part of the headstock, and extends parallel to the main spindle and passes through this main shaft surface. A first slide is formed together with a base provided at the end on the same side as the end on which the chuck is provided.

This sliding shaft is movable in the axial direction by the main axis surface, but is supported non-rotatably around the axis.

The base is for holding the second slide, which has a cutting tool attachment part at the tip, so that it can approach and move away from the axis of the main shaft.
The shape and size are determined depending on the number and arrangement direction of the varnish slides.

The second slide can be selected to have any shape other than a round bar shape.

The second and second slides are moved (reciprocated) by a drive device such as a fluid pressure cylinder or a feed screw mechanism that is disposed parallel to or behind each slide.

In order to clarify the purpose, structure, and effects of the present invention, one embodiment thereof will be described in detail below based on the drawings.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, a main shaft surface 5 is mounted on a base 1 via a hollow support surface 2. As shown in FIG.

The main shaft surface 5 rotatably supports a main shaft 7 having a chuck 6 at its tip (right end in FIG. 2).

A pulley 8 is fixed to the end of the main shaft 7 opposite to the chuck 6, while a pulley 11 is fixed to the main shaft of the motor 9, which is housed and fixed within the support surface 2, at a corresponding position. A bolt 12 is wound between both pulleys 8 and 11.

A first slide 20 is arranged near the main shaft 7.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the first slide 20 includes a sliding shaft 25 passing through the main shaft surface 5 in parallel with the main shaft 7, and a base 45 attached to the tip (left end in FIG. 4) of the sliding shaft 25. Consists of.

Bushes 21 and 22 with oil reservoirs 71 and 72 formed in their intermediate portions are fixed to the main shaft surface 5, and the sliding shaft 25 is inserted into these bushes and sealed by oil seals 73 and 74 and oil seals 76 and 77. There is.

Since the sliding shaft 25 has a cylindrical shape, it is provided with a rotation preventing means 26 as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.

That is, a through hole formed at the upper end of a bracket 28 is fitted into the sliding shaft 25 and tightened with a nut 24.

A tapered groove 30 is formed across the upper half of the bracket 28 -side and a portion of the sliding shaft 25 adjacent thereto.

A plate 27 having a wedge-shaped cross section is fitted into this tapered groove 30, and a bracket 28 and a sliding shaft 25 are connected to each other by bolts.
integrated into both.

Plates 29 and 31 are fixed to a notch formed at the lower end of the bracket 28 at a constant interval.
Both plates 29 and 31 slide on sliding surfaces 33 and 34 that are formed by cutting out parallel sides of both sides of a cylindrical guide bar 32 fixed to the main shaft surface 5 in parallel with the sliding shaft 25. It is now possible to do so.

A piston rod 37 of a hydraulic cylinder 36 is connected to the intermediate portion of the bracket 28 .

In addition, the bolt 81 and bracket 28 erected on the main shaft surface 5
A forward end stopper 83 is constituted by a contact portion 82 formed on the slide shaft 25, and a retreat end stopper 87 is constituted by a flange portion 84 of the sliding shaft 25 and an abutment portion 86 formed on the bushing 21.

As shown in FIG. 3, two second slides 41 and 42 are fitted and held on the base 45 so as to be movable along straight lines intersecting at the axis of the main shaft 7. As shown in FIG.

These second slides 41 and 42 also have a cylindrical shape, and at their respective tips, approximately rectangular parallelepiped-shaped tool holders 38 and 39 are provided with bolt holes that are elongated in the circumferential direction so that the shafts of the slides 41 and 42 It is attached so that the phase around the center can be adjusted.

One slide 42 has a guide hole 9 formed in the base 45.
1 is inserted.

An oil reservoir 94 is formed in the middle of the guide hole 91, and the oil reservoir 94 is sealed from the slide 42 by oil seals 92 and 93.

Further, as is clear from FIG. 4, a long key 43 with a rectangular cross section is fixed to the key groove formed on the side of the slide 42 with a bolt, and a stepped key 43 formed on the base 45 is fixed to the key groove formed on the side of the slide 42. Guide members 44 and 46 that sandwich the key 43 from both upper and lower sides are fixed with bolts within the opening to guide the movement of the slide 42 and prevent it from rotating.

The sliding portion is protected from dust and the like by a cover 47.

This is exactly the same for the other slide 41 as well.

Returning to FIG. 3, piston rods 53 and 54 of hydraulic cylinders 51 and 52 are connected to brackets 48 and 49 fixed to the rear ends of slides 41 and 42, respectively.

The brackets 48 and 49 also include bolts 96 and 9.
7 are erected, and together with contact portions 98 and 99 formed at opposite positions of the base 45, forward end stoppers 101 and 1
02.

Further rods 56 and 5 are attached to the brackets 48 and 49.
The rear end of 7 is fixed.

The rods 56 and 57 pass through the base 45 at their intermediate portions, and forward end dogs 61 and 62 and backward end dogs 63 and 64 are fixed to their front ends, respectively.

Further, in the hollow portion of the base 45, forward end detection SWs (switches) 66 and 67 and backward end detection switches 5W6B and 69, which are operated by each dog, are attached.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained.

Prior to cutting, insert a cutting tool for cutting the outer periphery and a cutting tool for grooving into the tool holders 38 and 39 of the second slides 41 and 42, respectively, and then insert the knobs 131 and 13 into the tool holders 38 and 39, respectively.
Turn 2 to tighten.

The workpiece is gripped by the chuck 6 using a known loader or by hand.

These operations can be performed from the front side of the lathe (the right side in FIG. 2).

Therefore, the position of the cutting edge of the cutting tool can be adjusted accurately, and since the distance to the chuck 6 is short, mounting of the workpiece is also easy.

It cannot be overlooked that a wide space is secured around the chuck 6 and the bite holders 38 and 39, and there is nothing that will obstruct the work.

This was made possible by completely breaking away from the conventional concept of placing beds on the left and right sides of the headstock and incorporating the bed function into the main spindle box 5, which is a part of the headstock. It is.

In other words, the main shaft box 5 that supports the main shaft 7 also includes a guide portion (butches 21 and 22) for the first slide 20.

Furthermore, since the motor 9 is attached below the main spindle box 5 and the entire lathe is configured to be long (high) in the vertical direction, the floor space for installing the lathe can be reduced.

After the cutting tool and the workpiece are attached, the motor 9 is activated to rotate the workpiece gripped by the chuck, and a switch (not shown) is turned on to operate the hydraulic cylinder 51 to advance the varnish slide 41.

The slide 41 stops when the forward end dog 61 activates its detection 5W66 and the bolt 96 comes into contact with the abutment member 98.

Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder 36 is activated, causing the first slide 20 to retreat to the left in FIG.

As a result, the outer periphery of the workpiece is shaved.

When the outer circumferential cutting is completed and the first slide 20 reaches the retreating end, a limit switch (not shown) is operated, and the second slide 41 is moved backward.

The slide 41 moves backward and the backward end dog 63 detects it 5W6.
When B is operated, the operating direction of the hydraulic cylinder 36 is switched, and the first slide 20 moves forward.

The slide 20 is stopped at a predetermined intermediate position by actuating a limit switch (not shown).

Subsequently, the hydraulic cylinder 52 is activated, and the other second slide 42 moves forward in the lateral direction to groove the workpiece.

The slide 42 stops when the forward end dog 62 activates its detection 5W67 and the bolt 97 abuts against the abutment member 99.

As a result, the operating direction of the hydraulic cylinder 52 is switched, and the slide 42 is moved backward.

The slide 42 moves backward until the backward end dog 64 activates its detection 5W69, and when the backward movement is completed, the first slide 2
0 is advanced back to its original position - the cycle is complete.

Although chips are generated during processing of the workpiece, this does not impair the slidability of each slide.

This is because the sliding shaft 25 of the first slide 20 and the second slides 41 and 42 are all cylindrical, and there is little possibility that chips will adhere to their outer peripheral surfaces.

The chips are collected by a chip receiver (not shown) disposed below the chuck 7.

The entire slide device has a compact structure with a small number of parts, and the seals on the sliding parts such as the slide 20 are perfect, and as long as the oil reservoirs 71 and 72 are filled with lubricating oil, even if the lubrication cycle is long. Goodness is another advantage.

The above is an advantage that can be obtained by using a single lathe even if the lathe does not fall over, but the advantages that arise when a single worker holds multiple lathes are not limited to the sum of the lathes.

In other words, if a plurality of lathes are installed close to each other, the walking distance of workers walking back and forth between the lathes will be shortened, and work efficiency will be greatly improved.

It should be noted that what has been described in detail above is merely one embodiment of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited thereto.

For example, in order to prevent rotation of the first slide, a shaft member parallel to the sliding shaft may be erected on the base so that both the sliding shaft and the shaft member pass through the main axis surface.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the dovetail groove 152 of the second slide 151 is fitted into the dovetail protrusion 146 formed on one side of the base 145, and the cutter is mounted on the slide 151 together with the hydraulic cylinder 153. It is also possible to use a type of slide device in which the platform 154 is fixed.

The number of the second slides may be one, and the angle between the moving direction and the axis of the main shaft may be other than 90°.

As detailed above, the present invention eliminates the bed in conventional lathes, allows the spindle surface to play that role, and holds the second slide on the base at the tip of the first slide supported by the spindle surface. This makes the entire lathe much more compact, requiring less floor space and improving work efficiency such as loading and unloading workpieces.

This advantage is particularly significant when multiple lathes are held by one worker, and excellent effects such as shorter walking distances are produced.

Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that the first slide is equipped with a round bar-shaped sliding shaft and a base provided at the tip thereof, so that the first slide is formed on the main axis surface. The guide part of the first slide can be a circular hole, which facilitates machining, improves the guiding accuracy of the first slide, and prevents dust and chips from entering between the sliding surfaces of the first slide and its guide part. This has the effect of making it easier to prevent intrusion.

Further, since the sliding shaft of the first slide is shaped like a round bar, one of the advantages is that it is difficult for chips and cutting fluid to remain on the surface.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view (partially cut away) of the main part in FIG. 1, and FIG. IV-IV sectional view,
5 is a sectional view taken along the line V-■ in FIG. 4, FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along VI-VI in FIG. ■−■ in the diagram
FIG. 1: Base, 5: Spindle surface, 6: Chuck, 7: Spindle, 9
: Motor, 20: First slide, 25: Sliding shaft, 45:
Base, 41.42 Second Nice Ride, 36.51, 52:
hydraulic cylinder.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A spindle box mounted on a base; a spindle rotatably supported by the spindle box and rotatably driven with a chuck at the tip protruding from one end surface of the spindle box; a round bar-shaped sliding shaft that passes through the main shaft box parallel to the main shaft, is supported movably in the axial direction by the main shaft box, and is prevented from rotating about the shaft center by a rotation prevention means; a first slide including a base provided at the tip of a portion protruding from the one end surface of the main shaft box; and a first drive for moving the first slide in the axial direction of the sliding shaft. a second slide that is held by the base so as to be able to approach and separate from the axis of the spindle and that has a cutting tool attachment portion at its tip; and a second drive mechanism that moves the second slide. A small lathe with special features.