JPS5849096B2 - Seriyuushi motor - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] As an example of a conventional commutator motor, the number of armature coils is 3.
The coil and two-pole permanent magnet field will be explained with reference to FIG.

1 is a commutator whose cross section is shown.

Reference numerals 2, 3, and 4 are copper alloy rectifying pieces, respectively, and protrusions 5, 6, and 7 for connecting the armature coils are provided at positions that do not interfere with the sliding movement of the brushes 8 and 9.

In addition, the commutator pieces 2, 3.4 are connected to a piece support 1 made of an insulator.
In order to make each of the parts 3 electrically independent, narrow gaps 10, 11, and 12 are provided as shown in the figure, and the commutator 1 is formed.

For the commutator 1, insert a rotor shaft (not shown) into the rotor shaft insertion hole 14 provided in the child piece support 13, and insert the rotor shaft into the rotor shaft so that the rotor shaft and the brush sliding surface of the commutator 1 are concentric. It is installed.

Further, the brushes 8 and 9 are made of conductive spring plates, and are mounted on the stake portion so that the point of contact with the brush sliding surface of the commutator is at position 1800.

W1, W2, and W3 are armature coils, and E1 is a power source, which are connected as shown in the figure and constitute a commutator moke together with other parts not shown.

In this conventional commutator moke, the commutator 1 rotates as the rotor rotates, and the brushes 8 and 9 attached to the stator slide on the brush sliding surface of the commutator 1 accordingly.

When moving from a commutator piece with brush 8 or brush 9 to the next commutator piece, armature coils W1, W2, W
The current at No. 3 suddenly changes, creating a voltage sufficient to create a commutating spark between the commutator bars and the brushes, creating a commutating spark.

For example, in FIG. 1, if the brush 8 moves from above the commutator strip 2 to above the commutator strip 3 as the rotor rotates, commutator sparks are generated between the commutator strip 2 and the brush 8.

This commutating spark is a major cause of brush wear and commutator wear, making it difficult to manufacture a commutator motor with a long life.

The present invention aims to provide a commutator motor with a long life by reducing the rate of change in current in an armature coil through the action of high-resistance commutator pieces provided in the commutator, reducing or preventing the occurrence of commutation sparks. It is something.

The present invention has a two-pole permanent magnet field and the number of armature coils is three.
An example implemented in a coil commutator motor will be explained with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 2, reference numerals 15, 16, and 17 are commutators, and their cross section in the direction perpendicular to the rotor axis 18 has a configuration as shown in FIG.
The commutator 16 is similarly composed of a low resistance piece 20, a high resistance piece 23, and a piece support 26, and the commutator 17 is also low resistance. It is supported by a thousand pieces 21, a high-resistance element piece 24, and an element supporter 27.

The low-resistance element pieces 19, 20, and 21 are each made of a material with zero specific resistance, such as metal or carbonaceous material, and have an arc-shaped cross section with an arc angle of 120 degrees, as shown in FIG. .

Similarly, the high-resistance element pieces 22, 23, and 24 are plates having an arc-shaped cross section with an arc angle of 240° as shown in the figure, and are made of a material with relatively high specific resistance, such as a carbonaceous resistor. Ru.

The child piece supports 25, 26, and 27 are made of insulating material and have a cylindrical cross section as shown in the figure, each of which is provided with a rotor shaft insertion hole 34, 35, and 36, and each of which has two leads. Wire through holes 37, 40.3B, 41, 39.42 are provided.

The low-resistance element pieces 19, 20, 21 and the high-resistance element pieces 22, 23, 24 are attached to element support bodies 25, 26, respectively.
, 27 as shown in the figure, and the low resistance element pieces 19, 2
0. 21 and high-resistance element pieces 22, 23, and 24 are in close contact with each other at contact surfaces 28, 31, 29, 32, 30, and 33, and are electrically connected to each other, forming a smooth cylindrical brush sliding surface. It has an imposing shape.

Also, the commutators 15, 16, 17 have their respective child support 2.
5, 26. The rotor shaft 18 is inserted into the rotor shaft insertion holes 34, 35, and 36 provided at the center of the rotor shaft 27, and is mounted on the rotor shaft at predetermined intervals with an angular difference of 120° as shown.

43. 44 is a brush made of a conductive metal plate with spring properties, and as shown in the figure, the brush 43 has sliding parts 45, 46,
47, the brush 44t is provided with sliding parts 48, 49, 50, and the sliding parts 45 and 48 are connected to the commutator 15, the sliding part 46
and 49 are the commutator 16, and the sliding parts 47 and 50 are arranged so as to slide on the brush sliding surface of the commutator 17, and the brush 4
The brushes 43 and 44 are moved in a suitable manner so that the contact points between the sliding parts of the brushes 43 and 44 and the brush sliding surfaces of the commutators are spaced 180° from each other as shown in the figure. It is attached to the stator part of the motor (not shown).

W, , W5, and W6 are armature coils that are wound and connected in the same way as a conventional commutator moke, and are attached to a rotor part (not shown), and each has a low resistance piece 19, as shown in the drawing. Connected to 20.21.

E2 is a power source and is connected to brushes 43 and 44 as shown.

To explain this operation, each commutator 15, 16, 17 and brush 43, 44 are located at the position shown in FIG.
If the low resistance element pieces 19, 20 . 21 has a small specific resistance so that the resistance caused by it is negligible, and the high-resistance pieces 22, 23, and 24 have large specific resistances, so the current flowing through the high-resistance pieces is relatively small. , the current mainly flows through the power source E2, the sliding part 45, the low resistance piece 19, the armature coils W4 and W5, and the
6. It flows through the path of the low resistance strip 21, the sliding part 50, and the power source E2.

The armature coils W4, W5, W6, the brushes 43, 44, and the commutators 15, 16.17 are the armature coils W4, W5.
, W6 so that a torque in a predetermined direction is generated by the current flowing through them, so that the rotor rotates in a predetermined direction due to the flowing current.

Accordingly, the commutator 15 mounted on the rotor shaft 18
, 16 and 17 also naturally rotate in a predetermined direction.

Assuming that the rotor rotates to the left in FIG. 2, the sliding portion 45 of the brush 43
9, the current is mainly supplied to the armature coils W4, W5, W6 through the low resistance piece 19, but as the rotor rotates, the commutators 15, 16, 17 rotate, and the sliding part 45 When the slider reaches a position beyond the contact surface 28, the sliding part 4
5 rides on the high resistance element piece 22, and as the distance from the contact surface 28 increases, the resistance value between the sliding part 45 and the low resistance element piece 19 increases, and the armature coil W4 passes through the low resistance element piece 19. , W5, W6 decreases.

On the other hand, the sliding portion 46 on the high resistance element piece 23 of the commutator 16
moves closer to the contact surface 32 as the rotor rotates, and accordingly, the resistance between the sliding portion 46 and the low resistance piece 20 of the commutator 16 decreases, and the armature coil W4, The current supplied to W5 and W6 increases.

When the sliding portion 46 reaches a position exceeding the contact surface 32 and comes into contact with the low resistance piece 20, the low resistance piece 20
The resistance between the sliding part 46 and the sliding part 46 becomes minimum, and at that time, the sliding part 45 naturally contacts the high resistance element piece 22 at a position beyond the contact point 28, so from that point on, the low resistance element piece 19 The current supplied to the armature coils W4, W5, W6 decreases, and the current is supplied to the armature coils W4, W5, W6 mainly through the low resistance element piece 20.

The current path includes the power source E2, the sliding part 46, and the low resistance element piece 2.
0, armature coil W@ and W5 and W4, low resistance piece 2
1, the sliding part 50 and the power source E2.

Therefore, as the rotor rotates, armature coils W4, W
5, W, when the current supply to the armature coils W4, W5, W is transferred from the low resistance element piece 19 to the low resistance element piece 20.
The current flowing through the capacitor 6 changes, and in accordance with the change, an electromotive force is generated in a direction that prevents the current change.

As the rotor rotates, when the sliding part 45 moves from above the low resistance piece 19 to above the high resistance piece 22, the armature coil W4
+ W5 , when the amount of current change with respect to the current change time of the current flowing in We, that is, the current change rate is larger than a predetermined value, the electromotive force of the armature coil is generated between the sliding part 45 and the low resistance element piece 19. However, since the specific resistance of the high-resistance element pieces 22, 23, and 24 is selected so that the current change rate is smaller than the value at which the rectifying spark is generated, no rectifying spark is generated.

Similarly, when the rotor rotates to zero, the current mainly supplied to the armature coil changes from one low resistance piece to another, and the current in the armature coil changes; 23 and 24 reduce the rate of change in current, so no rectifying spark occurs.

Therefore, since the zero motor of the present invention does not generate commutating sparks, it becomes a long-life commutator motor with long brush life and commutator life.

In addition, the armature coil is other than 3 coils, and the number of field poles is 4.
Even if the number of coils or poles is larger than that, the present invention can be easily implemented by appropriately selecting the number of commutators, the number of commutator pieces, the angle of the commutator pieces, the number of brushes, and the number of sliding parts according to the number of coils and the number of poles. can.

For example, in a motor with 2 field poles and 6 armature coils, the number of commutators is 6, the number of low resistance pieces in one commutator is 1, the angle of the pieces is 60°, and the high resistance piece is 1. Select one with an angle of 300°, 2 brushes, and 6 sliding parts per brush, or 3 commutators, 2 low-resistance elements in one commutator, and an angle of 60°. It is sufficient to select one having two high-resistance elements, an angle of 120 degrees, two brushes, and three sliding parts of one brush.

Furthermore, the low-resistance element piece and the high-resistance element piece are constructed in one resistor, and the resistivity of the part corresponding to the low-resistance element piece is reduced, and the resistivity of the part corresponding to the high-resistance element piece is increased. It is also possible to implement the present invention, or it is also possible to obtain a greater effect by changing the specific resistance near the contact surfaces of the low-resistance element piece and the high-resistance element piece more than in other parts.

Furthermore, the low resistance element piece and the high resistance element piece are not brought into contact with each other, a narrow gap is provided between the low resistance element piece and the high resistance element piece, and the low resistance element piece and the high resistance element piece are connected by another means. As the rotor rotates, when the sliding part of the brush moves from a low-resistance piece to a high-resistance piece, and from a high-resistance piece to a low-resistance piece, it straddles the narrow gap and simultaneously moves between the low-resistance piece and the low-resistance piece. The same effect can be obtained by using a brush with a sliding portion shaped so that it can come into contact with the high-resistance element piece.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional commutator moke, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a commutator moke of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a side view of a commutator of the same commutator motor. 15, 16, 17... commutator, 19, 20, 21...
・Low resistance element piece, 22, 23, 24...High resistance element piece, 4
3, 44... Brush, 45, 46, 47, 48, 4
9, 50... Sliding part, W4, W5, W6... Armature coil, E2... Power supply.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Install commutators in the same number as the number n of armature coils on the rotor shaft, and each commutator has a low resistance piece having a tip angle of 2π/n and a 2π-2π piece electrically connected to the low resistance piece. /
high-resistance pieces having a piece angle of n are each arranged in a ring shape, and each commutator is arranged to be shifted by 2π/n,
A commutator motor characterized in that at least one pair of brushes having sliding parts that slide on each of the commutators is provided, the low resistance piece is connected to an armature coil, and power is applied to the brushes.