JPS5913610B2 - How to moor a floating body - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to a method for mooring a floating body.

When mooring a long and slender floating body such as an oil tanker, a method is sometimes adopted in which mooring dolphins are used to prevent movement in the width direction, and mooring chains connecting the floating body and each dolphin are used to prevent movement in the longitudinal direction. In order to reduce the effects of this, it has been considered to arrange moored dolphins on both sides of both ends of the floating body in the longitudinal direction, and to connect the longitudinal center of the floating body and each dolphin with fairly long chains.

Mooring chains need to be replaced due to corrosion, wear, or breakage, but in the above cases, a new chain must be installed after removing the chain that requires replacement, and the chain must be replaced against the longitudinal center of the floating body. Removal and installation work is required. This work is carried out using a crane ship, etc., but it is difficult to handle the heavy chain.

In addition, many floating bodies such as oil storage ships are often arranged in parallel, and if it becomes necessary to replace the mooring chain of a floating body placed in the middle, crane ships, etc. This invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a floating body that allows mooring chains to be replaced relatively easily. The purpose is to provide a mooring method.

This invention will be explained in detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a large and elongated box-shaped floating body (oil storage ship) 1 is floating on the sea. Mooring dolphins 2 are installed on the seabed on both sides of the vessel, and fenders 3 are attached to the side surfaces of each dolphin 2 on the floating body 1 side.

Two chain guides 4 each equipped with a stopper (path shown in the figure) are provided at the upper end of the center in the longitudinal direction of both sides 1a of the floating body 1.

This chain guide 4 is provided at a position projecting laterally from the side surface 1a of the floating body, and by removing the stopper, the chain can be guided and moved freely.

By hooking the stopper, the chain can be fixed.

Each dolphin 2 is provided with a chain guide 5 having a structure similar to the chain guide 4 provided on the floating body 1, and a windlass 6. Each windlass 6 has a drum 7, a gibsey wheel 8 and a warping - Equipped with End 9.

Both ends of one continuous mooring chain 10 are fixed to chain guides 5, 5 on two dolphins 2, 2 arranged against one side 1a of the floating body 1,
The center part of this mooring chain 10 is connected to a chain provided on the side surface 1a of the floating body where these dolphins 2 are facing.
It is fixed to the guide 4.

Furthermore, a mooring chain 10 is similarly connected to the other side surface 1a of the floating body 1.

The chain 10 between the floating body 1 and each dolphin 2 is slightly sagging due to its own weight.

On both sides of this floating body 1, there are many more floating bodies Dolphin 2.
They are placed parallel to each other and are moored in a similar manner.

It is desirable to provide a breakwater or the like around these groups of floating bodies 1 to reduce the influence of waves./N.

While moored, the floating body 1 is subjected to forces in the width direction and longitudinal direction due to wind or the like, but movement in the width direction is prevented by the dolphin 2, and movement in the longitudinal direction is prevented by the chain 10.

Further, since the chain 10 hangs down slightly due to its own weight, impact force caused by wind or the like is absorbed to some extent.

When newly attaching the mooring chain 10 to the floating body 1 and the dolphin 2 at the start of mooring, the following operation is performed.

(See Figure 3) First, as shown in Figure 3A, the central part of the mooring chain 10 having the length necessary for mooring is fixed to the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1, and both side parts of the chain 10 are fixed to the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1. , is suspended from the side of the floating body 1 by a large number of hanging ropes 11, one end of which is fixed on the floating body 1.

This work is carried out with the floating body 1 positioned at the mooring position,
Alternatively, it may be carried out using a crane ship or the like while being moved to a location at sea other than the mooring location.

If the chain 10 is suspended at a location other than the mooring position, the floating body 1 is moved and positioned to the mooring position after the work is completed.

Note that the chain 10 is suspended so as to hang sufficiently downward compared to the normal moored state.

Next, connect the wire 12 to the tip of the chain 10, and
As shown in the figure, this wire 12 is passed through the chain guide 5 of the dolphin 2 and hung on the drum 7 of the windlass 6, and the drum 7 connects the wire 12 and the chain 10.
involve.

Once the tip of the chain 10 has passed through the chain guide 5, the stopper is engaged to fix the chain 10, the wire 12 is removed, and another chain, which has been hooked on the Gibsy wheel 8 in advance, is attached to the tip of the chain 10. Connect the ends of the chain with the shackle, remove the stopper of the chain guide 5 again, and connect the chain 10 with the jibsy wheel 8.
involve.

Once the chain 10 is wound into a predetermined state,
The stopper of the chain guide 5 is engaged to fix the chain 10, and the hanging rope 11 is removed.

The other end side of the mooring chain 10 and the other side surface 1a of the floating body 1
The mooring chain 10 can also be attached in a similar manner.

During long-term use, a portion of the mooring chain 10 may become unusable due to corrosion, wear, or the like.

In this way, if you want to replace a part that has become unusable without cutting it, the following operation is performed.

(See FIG. 4) As shown in FIG.
Assume that it is between the dolphins 2a on the left side of the figure (hereinafter simply referred to as the left side).

First, the stoppers of the chain guides 5, 5 on the left and right dolphins 2a, 2b are removed, and the mooring chain 10 is let out by the lower wind lath 6 and hangs down greatly as shown in the opening in FIG. Keep it reduced.

Next, a new mooring chain 10 is connected to the tip of the mooring chain 10 behind the windlass 6 of the right dolphin 2b with a shackle.

At this time, the chain guide 5 on the dolphins 2a and 2b
Hang the stopper.

Once the new chain 10 has been connected, remove the stoppers of all chain guides 4 and 5, wrap the chain 10 around the Gibsey wheel 8 on the left dolphin 2a, and then wrap the chain 10 around the Gibsey wheel 8 on the right dolphin 2b. 8 to pay out a new chain 10.

As a result, the part 10a of the chain 10 that requires replacement moves toward the left dolphin 2a.

(Refer to Figure 4) Chain 1 is placed on the left dolphin 2a.
When the part 10a that requires replacement of the chain 10 is reached, the winding and unwinding are stopped, and the stopper of the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1 is engaged to fix the center part of the chain 10, and then the dolphins 2a and 2b on both sides are fixed. Gibsy Wheel 8,
Wind the mooring chain 10 through the 8/l rope to bring it to the desired state as shown in Fig. 4A, then apply the stoppers of the chain guides 5, 5 on the dolphins 2a and 2b, and tighten the chain 1.
The old chain 10, including the part requiring replacement 10a, which is housed on the dolphin 2a on the left side of the chain 0 that fixes both ends of the chain 0, is removed at the shackle part and carried out.

In this way, the dolphin 2a has two ends.

Connect a new chain 10 to one end of one continuous chain 10 connected to dolphin 2a, 2b.
Winding the chain 10 by the upper windlass 6,
A portion of the chain 10 that has not yet been cut can be easily replaced by a simple operation of just letting it out.

When the mooring chain 10 is broken, it is replaced by the following operation.

(See FIG. 5) Assume that the chain is cut between the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1 and the dolphin 2a on the left side of FIG. 5 (hereinafter simply referred to as the left side) as shown in FIG. 5A.

First, the chain 10 on the left dolphin 2a side, that is, the shorter chain 10, is wound up and recovered by the jib sea wheel 8 of the left dolphin 2a, and the stopper of the chain guide 5 on the right dolphin 2b is removed to remove the chain 10 from the jib sea wheel 8.・Chain 10 left behind by wheel 8
Take it out and let part of it land on the bottom.

(See FIG. 5) Next, as shown in FIG. 5C, a single pulley 13 is attached to the cut end of the remaining chain 10.

On the other hand, the frame 15 equipped with two pulleys 14 is connected to the wire 1
Install it on 6.

One end of this wire 16 is fixed on the dolphin 2a,
The other end is one pulley 14 of the frame 15, the dolphin 2
Pulley 17 fixed to a, other pulley 14 of frame 15
After passing through, it is hung on the drum 7.

Furthermore, a messenger wire 18 which is thinner than the wire 16 is attached to the frame 15.

(Refer to Figure 4) Let out the mesh wire 18,
After passing it through a single pulley 13 attached to the cut end of the chain 10, it is transferred onto the dolphin 2a and hung on the warping end 9.

(See Figure 4) The wire 16 is fed out by the drum 7, and the messenger wire 18 is wound in by the warping end 9.

This causes the frame 15 to approach the cut end of the chain 10.

(See Figure 5) When the frame 15 reaches the cut end of the chain 10, attach it to a part slightly closer to the center than the cut end, remove the messenger wire 18 from the frame 15, and attach it to the cut end of the chain 10. .

Then, the single pulley 13 is removed and recovered.

At the same time, the windlass 6 of the right dolphin 2b
Connect a new mooring chain to the tip of the mooring chain 10 at the rear.

Once the new chain 10 is connected, remove the stoppers of all chain guides 4 and 5, wind the wire 16 with the drum 7 on the left dolphin 2a,
A new chain 10 is paid out by the jibsy wheel 8 on the right dolphin 2b.

At this time, the messenger wire 18 is also wound at the same time.As a result, the frame 15, that is, the cut end of the chain 10 approaches the left dolphin 2a.

When the frame 15 reaches the vicinity of the left dolphin 2a, the drum 7 is stopped, the anti-reverse stopper is applied, and the warping end 9 winds the mesh wire 18, and the cut end of the chain 10 is pulled up above the dolphin 2a. The chain 10 that has been pulled up onto the dolphin 2a is passed through the chain guide 5 by a crane truck or the like, and hung on the Gibsy wheel 8, and the frame 15 is removed.
After reeling in the chain 10 and letting out the chain 10 by the jibsy wheel 8 on the right dolphin 2b, the stopper of the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1 is engaged.

The center part of the chain 10 is the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1.
When the dolphins 2a and 2 on both the left and right are fixed to
After winding the chain 10 with the gibsey wheels 8, 8 on the dolphins 2a, 2b and bringing it into the desired state, the stoppers of the chain guides 5.5 on the dolphins 2a, 2b are applied to fix both ends of the chain 10.

Messenger wire 1 to cut end of chain 10
Work on the seabed, such as the installation of 8, is carried out by divers.

Although it is difficult to manually handle the thick wire 16 required to pull the chain 10 on the seabed, it is not so difficult to handle the relatively thin messenger wire 18. , it can be replaced by the following operation (see Figure 6). First, as in the case of Figure 5, place the cut shorter chain 10 on the left side of Figure 6 (hereinafter simply referred to as "left side"). At the same time, the stopper of the chain guide 5 on the right dolphin 2b is removed and the remaining chain 10 is let out by the Gibsy wheel 8, and a part of it lands on the bottom. .

(Refer to Figure 6 A) Next, as shown in Figure 6, a chain 1
Several recovery buoys 19 are placed on the sea surface above 0.

These recovery buoys 19 are brought to the bottom near the chain 10 on the seabed, the buoys 19 are connected to the chain 10, the wire 20 is let out by the drum 7 on the left dolphin 2a, and its tip is attached to the cut end of the chain 10. Connecting.

(See Figure 6 C) At the same time, the right dolphin 2b
Connect a new chain to the tip of the mooring chain 10 behind the windlass 6.

After the wire 20 and new chain connection work is completed, the recovery buoy 19 is floated to the sea surface.

(See Fig. 6-2.) Next, remove the stoppers of all chain guides 4 and 5, and remove the wire 20 by the drum 7 on the left dolphin 2a.
At the same time, a new chain is paid out by the jibsy wheel 8 on the right dolphin 2b.

As a result, the cut end of the chain 10 moves toward the left dolphin 2a.

(See Figure 6 E) Once the chain 10 has passed the chain guide 5 on the left dolphin 2a, apply the stopper and
0 is fixed, and the tip of the chain 10 is hung on the jibsy wheel 8 using a crane truck or the like.

When both ends of the chain 10 are supported in this way, the recovery buoy 19 is lowered, removed from the chain 10, and removed.

(Refer to Figure 6) Fix the center of the chain 10 by hooking the stopper of the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1, and then tighten the chain 10 to the desired condition as in the case of Figure 5. Fix both ends of 10.

Undersea operations such as attaching and detaching the recovery buoy 19 to the chain 10 are performed by divers.

In addition, the recovery buoy 19 can be floated and sunk by connecting a flexible pipe to it.
Passage provided between dolphins 2a and 2b (illustrated path)
This is done by blowing in and out compressed air.

According to the method shown in FIG. 6, since the weight of the chain 10 is supported by the recovery buoy 19, the drum 7 of the windlass 6
The capacity of the chain 10 can be small, and the wire 20 for drawing the cut end of the chain 10 to the dolphin 2a can also be thin.

Furthermore, by either method shown in FIGS. 5 and 6,
Recovery of the cut chain 10 and attachment of a new chain 10 can be performed at the same time, and this work can be performed relatively easily in a narrow space on the side of the floating body 1.

In this embodiment, the chain guide 4 on the floating body 1
Since the mooring chain 10 is provided in a position that extends to the side, there is no risk that the mooring chain 10 will come into contact with the floating body 1, and the chain 1
0 becomes close to a straight line when viewed from a plane, so there are advantages such as less bending of the chain 10.

However, this chain guide 4 does not necessarily need to be provided on the side surface 1a of the floating body, and may be provided on the upper surface of the floating body 1. In the floating body mooring method according to the present invention, the chain guide 4 is not necessarily provided on the side surface 1a of the floating body 1. , a chain guide 4 equipped with a stopper is provided, and mooring dolphins 2 are installed on both ends of the floating body 1 in the longitudinal direction.
Both ends of the continuous mooring chain 10 are fixed, and the center part of the mooring chain 10 is fixed to the chain guide 4 provided on the floating body 1. Even if it becomes necessary to replace the floating body 1, it can be replaced relatively easily. Mooring chain 104 having a length equivalent to about half of the length of
Since they are connected together, even if the water level of the floating body 1 changes significantly, it will hardly be affected by it.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the invention, FIGS. 1 and 2 are overall front and plan views, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing how to install the initial mooring chain, and FIG. Explanatory diagram showing how to replace a part of the mooring chain, No. 5
Figures 1 and 6 are explanatory diagrams showing how to replace the mooring chain when it is broken, respectively.
2a, 2b... moored dolphin, 4...
・Chain guide, 10...Mooring chain.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Chain guides 4 equipped with stoppers are provided on both sides of the longitudinal center of the floating body 1, and mooring dolphins 2 are installed on both sides of the floating body 1 at both ends in the longitudinal direction. Both ends of one continuous mooring chain 10 are fixed to two mooring dolphins 2 on the same side 1a of the floating body 1, and a chain guide 4 provided on the floating body 1 is fixed.
Floating body mooring method 02, in which the central part of the mooring chain 10 is fixed to the floating body 1. The floating body according to claim 1, wherein the chain guide 4 is provided at a position extending to the side of the floating body 1. Mooring method 0