JPS5929959B2 - Scheduled automatic switching device for lighting lights - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a well-known photoelectric automatic blinking function that blinks a lighting lamp according to the surrounding brightness using a photo-sensing element such as a photodiode or a CdS photoconductive cell. The present invention relates to a fixed time automatic switching device for lighting lamps, which has a function of giving a switch command signal to a lighting switching circuit at a fixed time at night.

The main application of the present invention is to send a switch command signal that carries lights-off information to the above-mentioned switching circuit at a fixed time at night to forcibly turn off illumination lights that have been on until then. Then, in the morning, at a fixed time before sunrise, a switch command signal that carries lighting information is sent to the switching circuit, and the lighting is forcibly switched on by omitting the lighting command from the light sensing element after sunrise. A possible application is to turn on lights and turn off illumination lights in response to sunrise.

As is well known, in an automatic flashing device that has only a simple flashing function, the load lighting connected to the automatic flashing device remains lit from sunset until dawn the next day. in general,
People tend to think that it is okay to leave the lights on at night, but depending on the location, even street lights, which are an example of lighting, may not make any difference even if they are turned off in the middle of the night. In many cases, advertising lights become unnecessary until late in the day, and even more so in the case of advertising lights, etc., because the advertising effect is diminished late at night when there is no foot traffic. Therefore, in the above-mentioned device, lighting from late at night to early morning is nothing more than a waste of power. In view of these points, mechanisms for turning off lights at night have been disclosed in the past, but many of them involve problems in turning off lights at fixed times set by the user throughout the year.

In the case of a photoelectric automatic flasher that turns on and then turns off after a certain period of time, even if you consider the time when the automatic flasher turns on and divides it into Japanese and human time, the sunset time is one year. As is well known, there is a difference of about two and a half hours between the summer solstice and the winter solstice, depending on the location, so the lights-out time also changes accordingly. To avoid this, a synchronous motor type timer may be used, but in this case the timer must always be driven at 1.
In addition, in the case of a device that uses a synchronous motor as a direct drive source, if there is a power outage, the subsequent lighting and extinguishing times will be incorrect, and the lighting and extinguishing times will be incorrect for several days until a worker is dispatched to correct the time. Therefore, compensation for power outage, etc. becomes inevitable, and the structure itself becomes unnecessarily complicated and expensive. In view of these circumstances, the present applicant has developed a device (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-46
No. 214), but the present invention was developed with the main purpose of further simplifying and rationalizing the circuit by using a principle different from the operating principle of the device having this time calculation system. be.

First, we will begin by explaining the operating principle of the conventional device made by the applicant and that of the present invention.

Figure 1 shows the yearly "month" (that is, seasonal changes) on the horizontal axis and the daily "time" on the vertical axis, and shows the sunrise time (curve SR) and sunset time (curve SD) throughout the year. This diagram schematically shows the seasonal changes in the sun, and of course, the sunrise and sunset times will vary depending on the location, but this diagram is a representative example of a certain location, and it should be generalized from now on. do.

This is because in the following explanation, 0 time 0 is the main focus, and accurate 0 time 1 is not necessary. Now, for simplicity,
Assume that a lighting lamp is turned on at sunset time SD, and it is desired to forcibly turn off the lighting lamp at a certain fixed time in the night, for example, at 22:00 as indicated by the curve (straight line) Sw in FIG.

The above-mentioned conventional devices meet these demands using the following operating principle.

1) The time from sunrise time SR to sunset time SD, that is, the daytime time TD, changes day by day, but similarly, the time from sunset time SR to the set time Sw when the lights are forced to turn off (nighttime lighting duration) ) TN also changes.

11) This TD. As a result of focusing on the change with l5TN, the difference between the two is TN=a-TD+b:a<0,b>O...
It was found that the simple formula (1) holds true.

111) Therefore, the actual measured values of TD and TN should be set at the minimum during the year.
If we take two days and set up simultaneous equations, we can find the values of A and b when we set Sw22, etc.

1V) Furthermore, in order to change the Sw time, it is sufficient to simply change the value of b, and latitude correction also results in changing the value of b.

This is the basic principle of the conventional device, and the device uses a photo-sensing element/) to grasp the time from when it detects the sunrise to when it detects the sun as a count value, and uses this as a count value to calculate the equation (1) above. The necessary lighting duration time TN is calculated for each day by inputting it into the built-in electronic calculation system, and at the same time, the time is counted from sunset, and when the counted value corresponding to TN is reached, a lights out command signal is issued. It's becoming like that.

In contrast, the present invention finds a new correlation between daytime time TD and post-sunset lighting duration TN, and also omits the calculation system of algebraic formula (1) that is disadvantageous to the above conventional example. In the end, the present invention provides a device based on a method that can be reduced to mere counting of time.

The principle is as follows. 1) If we introduce the concept of mid-day time, then that time is the time when half the daytime time TD d-1/2 TD has passed since sunrise, and at the same time half the daytime time TD has passed d-1 from that time. /2TD, the time becomes Japanese/Japanese time SD.

11) When such a time of day is plotted, it becomes a curve like Ss' in Figure 1, and this time Ss' does not change much throughout the year, so it can be approximated by a straight line from a fixed time line to a straight line about a time of day. Ss can be obtained (12 o'clock is set in this figure for simplicity).

111) Then, the time Ts between this mid-day time Ss and the time Sw at which a switch command signal is issued for forced lights out, etc., is of course constant, and on the other hand, as is clear from Fig. 1,
This constant time Ts is half the daytime time TD - 1/2
It is the sum of TD and the lighting continuation time TN after sunset on that day.

Therefore, even when the seasons change, Td and TN change in a complementary manner,
The following equation (2) holds throughout the year.

TS-Td+TN-I-TD+TN bow constant number...(2
) 1V) In the end, we obtained a time value equivalent to counting the daytime time TD and obtaining 1/2 time Td, and adding the elapsed time after sunset to the above time value, the value is The purpose can be achieved by issuing a signal when the value becomes equal to Ts for a certain period of time.
This is the operating principle of the present invention, and the calculation system of formula (1), which is not always as simple as the conventional device, can be omitted, and the calculation 1/2 is also just a simple calculation system. Since this can be reduced to frequency division of the clock pulse, it is essentially sufficient to count the pulses and compare whether or not the counted value has reached a predetermined value.

FIG. 2 shows the above-mentioned operating principle and basic embodiment of the device of the present invention.

Detection at sunrise and sunset is not affected by the weather.
This can be carried out using a light sensing circuit 1 having a known light sensing element for an illuminance of about X. First, when this circuit 1 detects sunrise, the first counter 2a is reset and then starts Counting of timing pulses from the timing pulse generator 3 obtained by appropriately dividing and shaping the commercial power supply frequency is started.

Then, at dusk, the counter 2a is stopped by a sunset detection signal from the photodetector circuit 1, and its contents and the count value 2x up to that point represent the daytime time TD. At the same time as this sunset detection, this count value is
Time from s to sunset time SD of that day Tdl/2・TD
The second counter 2b is set to 2x/2-x to represent
From this state, the second counter starts counting time pulses.

If the number of pulses that are added every moment after sunset is y, then the pulses of the same period are used at the midsummer time (for example, 12
hour) as the lights-out time (for example, 10 p.m.)
When the value of x+y matches a predetermined number of pulses s when counting the time up to this point, a light-off signal is outputted via a known comparison circuit or the like. As is clear from the above operation, the device of the present invention sends a switch command signal to the switching circuit of the illumination light after a predetermined time TS from the mid-day time. It can be seen that even if the lights are turned off in the evening, the time the lights are turned on in the evening is irrelevant.

That is, in Fig. 2, it is shown that the light is turned on when the sun sets, but for example, before it becomes dark at 5tX at sunset, the 5-
You can build a circuit to detect when the temperature reaches about 0tX and turn it on before the sun sets, or most basically, you can turn on the lights manually at any time. It is also possible to automatically turn off the light at a predetermined time. Also,
A lighting command signal can also be issued as a switch command signal. That is, in order to turn on the light at a predetermined time in the morning when it is still dark before sunrise, the lighting time setting circuit 4b sets the pulse value s' corresponding to the time from the previous Midsummer time to that time. It is only necessary to set the above-mentioned value x+y to the value s' and send a lighting command signal to the illumination lamp switching circuit via the comparison circuit to prompt the illumination lamp to turn on.

The light may be turned off by detecting sunrise in the light sensing circuit 1 as shown in the second diagram, but if it is too dark at sunrise as described above, it may be done when the light becomes bright to about 50tX. . It is convenient to use the sunrise detection signal as a set signal for the second counter 2b. As described above, FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration of a device circuit created by the present applicant by combining the lights out at a fixed time at night and the lights turned on at a fixed time in the wee hours of the morning. In this embodiment, instead of counting pulses of the same period, the idea is that it is sufficient to equivalently obtain the count value x corresponding to Td by halving the count value 2x corresponding to the daytime time TD. , during the daytime, by setting the pulse period to twice the period after sunset, as a result, x
is obtained and the number of pulses y after sunset can be counted continuously.

Therefore, the counters 2a and 2b shown in the second figure, which are thought to be two in principle, need only one counter circuit 2. The configuration of this device will be explained below with some specific values included. The timing pulse generator 3 includes a commercial power supply 31 of 50H2 or 60Hz, and a frequency divider and shaper 32 that divides this frequency into 1/5 or 1/6 to generate a shaped pulse with a period of 0.1 seconds. It consists of. This pulse is output by the switch 5 either as it is or as a period of 0.2 seconds after passing through the 1/2 frequency divider 6.

This switching is performed depending on whether it is daytime or after the arrival of Chikaraden, and the operation will be described later. This output pulse is 1/9
000 frequency divider 9, once every 15 minutes (period 0.2
The second time is one shot every 30 minutes, but in order to obtain the equivalent result of the 2x/2-x operation, it is already considered to be one shot every 15 minutes.)
This pulse is input to the 10-hour counter 21 at the front stage of the counter circuit 2.

In order to count one pulse every 15 minutes for 10 hours, a capacity of 401 in decimal notation, or 6 bits in binary notation, is sufficient.

This output is input to the 5-pit counter 22 at the subsequent stage, and 1
Measurements can be made up to 8 hours after 0 hours have elapsed.
Then, the output is compared with a digital value predetermined in the lights-off time setting circuit 4a1 and the morning lighting time setting circuit 4b, and when they match, the respective comparison circuits 7a and 7b issue respective switch command signals, that is, lights-off. A command signal and a lighting command signal are sent to an illumination light switching circuit 8 that controls the blinking of the illumination light. This kind of circuit operates according to a command signal 8
There are various known circuits such as a combination circuit of a thyristor and a relay, and any one may be used. In other words, the essence of the present invention lies in sending a required command signal to the switching circuit 8 used at a fixed time. The light sensing circuit 1 is exemplified by using a photo diode as the light sensing element 11, and includes a sunrise/sunset detection circuit 12 that inverts the output in the field of illuminance of about 5tX, which is not affected by the weather. It is combined with the sunrise/sunset detection circuit output so that the illumination lights are turned on in advance when it is already dark before sunset, and the illumination lights that are turned on again in the middle of the night or early morning are turned off at the same time as sunrise. It has a lighting/lighting-off detection circuit 13 which inverts the output at an illuminance of about 50tX.

Hereinafter, based on the following assumption, a case will be described in which the lights are forcibly turned off at 11:00 PM and turned on again at 4:00 AM in the wee hours of the morning.

Sunrise time 5:30; Sunset time 18:30 South Central time 1
2:00: Based on the above assumptions, daytime time - 13 hours, time from midsummer time to sunset time Td - 6 hours 30 minutes, time from midsummer time to each set time 23:00 and 4:00 the next day Ts = 11 hours. , T.S.
' = 16 hours, and the time from sunset time to each set time is TN = 4 hours and 30 minutes, and TN' = 9 hours and 30 minutes.

In the end, it is sufficient to prove that Ts=Td+TN and TS'=Td+TNl'.

To explain with reference to the chart diagram of each signal in FIG. 4, first, in the morning, at sunrise, the 5tX detection circuit 12 inverts its output S1 from a low level to a high level.

Upon receiving this, the morning/evening discrimination circuit 14 uses a known flip-flop or the like to cause the switch 5 to select the one that passes pulses with a period of 0.2 seconds. This pulse is 1/9000
The pulse is actually inputted to the pre-stage counter 21 through the frequency divider 9 as one pulse every 30 minutes. During this daylight time, based on the previous assumption, 26 pulses will enter this counter before sunset SD. Therefore, if we consider that the period is basically 0.1 seconds, then these 26 pulses are considered to be one shot every 15 minutes, and Td- is half of the daytime time TD = 13 hours.
This means that it has already shown 6 hours and 30 minutes. Therefore, when the output S1 of the 15tX detection circuit 12 becomes low level again due to 5tX at sunset, the switch 5 is switched to the 0.1 second side via a flip-flop etc. in the V1 morning/evening discrimination circuit. If the measurement is continued, the count value of the front counter 21 will become 40 when 14 pulses have been counted, indicating that 10 hours have passed since the midsummer time and 22:00 has arrived. The 8-hour counter 22 at the subsequent stage continues counting each time a time pulse is received by performing an AND operation with the output of a 1/9000 frequency divider.

Then, if we further count four pulses every 15 minutes (i.e. after one hour has elapsed), the output of the counter 22 will be "
01001, and on the other hand, since the code signal from the light-off time setting circuit 4a is also determined as such, the comparison circuit 7a
A light-off command signal is issued and sent to the switching circuit 8. As is clear from the above, in this example, 2
Although it is not possible to freely set the forced lights-out time unless it is after 2 o'clock, the number of bits in the time setting circuit can be reduced. Therefore, on the contrary, in order to forcefully turn off the light even before 22:00, it is necessary to set the counter at the front stage to a short time and increase the capacity of the counter at the rear stage, whose output is compared by the comparison circuit. This also applies to the later lighting. Incidentally, the lighting in the evening was caused by the fact that the output signal S2 of the 50tX detection circuit 13 became low level as shown in Figure 4, and one did not match the 5tX detection circuit output S1 which was still at a high level. is collected through the identification circuit 14,
The point of change is determined by sending a lighting command as a pulse signal using a morning tapal pulse generator 15 comprising a differential circuit or the like.

The 8-hour counter 22 continues counting even after the lights are forcibly turned off.

Therefore, the time from 22:00 on the previous day until 4:00 the next day (the time when the counter 21 fully counted) is 6 hours, which is the count value of 24 pulses 111100 in 15 minute units.
Corresponds to 01. Therefore, if this binary code is set in the lighting time setting circuit 4b and the count value of the counter 22 reaches this value, a lighting command signal will be output from the comparator 7b, and the switching circuit 8 will receive this and turn on the lighting. Turn on the light. This extinguishment is performed by utilizing the pulse S3 generated by the tapal pulse generator 15 in the morning due to the mismatch between the outputs Sl and S2 of both the detection circuits 12 and 13 as shown in the fourth diagram at sunrise.

Of course, the decision as to whether to use the lighting pulse for lighting in the evening as described above or this light-off pulse is determined by the evening gate circuit 16a1 and the morning gate circuit 16 based on the information from the identification circuit 14.
Sort by b. In this embodiment, since the input pulse period to the counter circuit is 15 minutes, the minimum time width for selecting the light-off/light-on setting time is 15 minutes.

Practically, there is no problem if an arbitrary fixed time can be selected every 15 minutes, but of course, if the frequency division ratio of the frequency divider 9 is made rougher, a finer time width can be obtained. In addition, in the above explanation, the mid-day time (or rather, the time located at half the daytime time) is shown as a straight line Ss, and therefore the time Sw at which a switch command signal (lighting and/or turning off command signal) is issued is also a straight line. It is said that the fixed time of Mojito D is kept, but
In reality, as mentioned earlier, the south-central time curve is Ss', and accordingly, the transmission time of the switch command signal Svl
Also, as shown in the first diagram, there is a slight error with respect to the predetermined fixed time.

However, this level is a practical soil, and there is no problem at all. According to the device of the present invention, as is clear from the above operating principle,
Setting the month and date at the time of initial installation is unnecessary, and in principle, latitude correction depending on the location is also unnecessary.

However, in locations where the reference time Ss deviates too much, it is necessary to correct the count value (change the specified binary code) by the time Ts, but it is not a big effort. Furthermore, even if there is a power outage, the operation for that day may be disrupted, but the system will operate normally from the next day onward, and there is no need for troubles such as dispatching workers.

In FIG. 3, if the outputs of 16a and 16b are introduced into separate illumination light switching circuits 8', it is possible to turn on separate illumination lights in the evening and turn them off in the morning.

The separate lamp switching circuit 8' referred to here is similar to circuit 8 of FIG. If the illumination light connected to the circuit 8 is the main light, and the illumination light connected to the separate illumination light switching circuit 8' is the residual light, the main light is turned on in the evening.
Lights are turned off late at night, turned on early in the morning, turned off again, and the remaining lights are left on throughout the night (
It is also possible to provide the necessary and sufficient illumination along power-saving lines, for example for unmanned railway stations. In any case, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a reliable and inexpensive device that can send a switch command signal to a lighting lamp switching circuit at a scheduled fixed time using a simple circuit that can essentially be reduced to counting the number of pulses. It is something.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of changes in sunrise and sunset times and time relationships related to the operating principle of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the present invention and a basic embodiment, and Fig. 3 is a practical implementation. FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example, and is an explanatory diagram of each signal as a function of time. In the figure, 1 is a photo-sensing circuit, 2, 2a, 2b are counters, 3
is a timing pulse generator, 4a and 4b are fixed time setting circuits, and 7
Reference numerals a and 7b are comparison circuits, and reference numeral 8 is an illumination lamp switching circuit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A sunrise/sunset detection circuit using a photo-sensing element; from when the sunrise/sunset detection circuit detects sunrise to when it detects sunset, there is a clock generated by a timing pulse generator. A digital pulse counter that doubles the cycle of pulses and counts the above timing pulses at the normal cycle after the sunrise/sunset detection circuit detects sunset; Lighting starts at approximately the same mid-day time throughout the year. A time setting circuit that sets the time until a predetermined time when the light should be switched using a digital value; Compares the set digital value of the time setting circuit with the count content of the counter, and if they match, sends it to the illumination light switching circuit. A fixed-time automatic switching device for lighting lamps, comprising: a comparison circuit that sends out a switching command signal; and a reset circuit that resets the counter when the sunrise/sunset detection circuit detects sunrise.