JPS5948310B2 - Wind energy conversion device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention includes a positive displacement hydraulic pump driven by a windmill supported on a support frame so as to be able to rotate depending on the direction of the wind, and a flow control valve installed in series in its discharge pipe. The present invention relates to a wind energy conversion device that converts wind energy into hydraulic energy, and furthermore, converts hydraulic energy into thermal energy and energy, and in particular, relates to a wind turbine and a wind turbine support mechanism that are designed to prevent damage caused by strong winds.

The use of wind power as an energy source has been practiced in a variety of ways for a long time, ranging from small-scale uses such as grain crushing and water pumping using windmills to large-scale use in wind power generation and other clean energy uses. It is expected that it will expand dramatically in the future.

The use of wind power is a process in which a part of the kinetic energy of the air passing through a windmill at a certain speed is extracted as mechanical energy, i.e., the product of the force trying to turn the shaft of the windmill and the angular velocity of the shaft. This is done by converting energy.

In this case, energy conversion must be performed efficiently, and in order to efficiently capture wind energy prior to converting energy, wind turbines are generally supported on supports so that they can rotate depending on the wind direction.

The problem with wind turbines used to introduce wind power is how to avoid wind damage.

First of all, what can be done to avoid damage during a typhoon?Currently, it is possible to predict the arrival of a typhoon in advance through radar observation and other means.

Therefore, the best way to deal with a typhoon is to judge the arrival of the typhoon based on the forecast, and then knock down the wind turbines along with their supports to avoid wind damage.

Strong wind advisories may be issued even outside of the typhoon season, and sometimes strong winds may suddenly blow or the wind direction may suddenly change.

In such cases, it is advisable to take measures to avoid wind damage while the props remain erected.

Conventionally, various attempts have been made to suppress overspeed rotation of propeller-type wind turbines during such strong winds and prevent damage to the wind turbines.

For example, in a variable-pitch propeller wind turbine, when the rotation speed is constant, the phaser is automatically put into a phased state, and there is a means to stop the same rotation of the propeller, and a pneumatic brake is automatically activated. Measures have been taken to prevent wind turbines from rotating above a certain rotational speed, but these methods require complex mechanisms and cannot be applied to medium-sized or small-scale wind turbines due to economic reasons. .

Furthermore, wind does not always blow in a fixed direction, and when particularly strong winds suddenly change direction, there is a high risk that the wind turbine will turn suddenly, causing damage to the wind turbine or the wind turbine support mechanism.

This invention uses a windmill to rotationally drive a hydraulic pump to pressurize oil, and causes the pressurized oil to pass through orifices and crest valves built in series in the hydraulic circuit, thereby actively reducing pressure. At present, efforts are being made to convert wind energy into hydraulic energy, and furthermore to convert hydraulic energy into hydraulic energy, which can then be used as a heat source for heating, etc.
This is intended to provide a small-scale wind energy conversion device with an optimal means for preventing damage to the wind turbine components due to the above-mentioned strong winds. A mechanism for extracting wind energy as rotational energy by the rotation of a windmill 1, a positive displacement hydraulic pump 3 driven by a rotational output shaft of this mechanism, and a flow rate control valve 22 connected in series to the discharge pipe 3. In the wind energy conversion device, the rotation extraction mechanism is supported by the support frame 9 together with the wind turbine 1 via a rotary holder 4 that rotatably engages with the upper part of the support frame 9.
A braking reversible hydraulic pump 8 fixed to the rotary boulder 4 and connected to the rotary boulder 4 via power transmission mechanisms 5 and 6, and a port L on the discharge side of the reversible hydraulic pump 8 in the hydraulic circuit of the reversible hydraulic pump 8.

A wind energy conversion device comprising an orifice 85 interposed between R and an oil tank 86, and characterized in that a braking mechanism for braking sudden turns of the co-rotating holder 4 is provided on the support frame 9. It is.

Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main part of the mechanism in the column of the wind energy converter according to the embodiment.

In the figure, 1 is a wind turbine, 1'' is a wind turbine shaft, 1' is a drive bevel gear, and 1'' is a wind turbine housing.

When the wind turbine 1 is rotated by the wind, the integral wind turbine shaft 1'' rotates within the wind turbine housing 1'' while being supported at two locations by bearings, and rotates the drive bevel gear 1' as a rotating output shaft.

An input shaft 2 has a passive bevel gear 2' fixed to its upper end, and is connected to a positive displacement hydraulic pump 3 at its lower end.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a rotary holder, which is rotatably inserted into the human power shaft 2 via rolling bearings at its inner diameter (at least 2 locations), and is inserted into the support frame 2 via rolling bearings at its outer diameter (at least 2 locations). 9 so that it can rotate freely.

A support 4' is fixed to the upper surface of the rotary holder 4, and the upper part of the support 4' integrally supports the wind turbine housing 1''.

In other words, the rotating holder 4 and the wind turbine housing 1'' are attached to this support 4.
′ as an intermediary, and maintain a certain relative position with each other.

The human power shaft 2 is connected to the force that is rotatably held at the center of the support frame 9 via the above-mentioned bearings and rotary holder 4, and also via bearings near the joint with the hydraulic pump 3 at the lower end. The position with respect to the support frame 9 is maintained.

Note that the position of the hydraulic pump 3 is also fixed to the support frame 9 using a bracket or the like.

Next, a spur gear 5 is attached to the key 5' for the outside of the lower end of the rotary holder 4.
It is fixed integrally using a screw or the like, and rotates in synchronization with the co-rotating holder 4.

A pinion shaft 7 that is integral with the pinion 6 is rotatably supported by a support frame 9 via a bearing, and a reversible hydraulic pump 8 is coupled to the lower end thereof.

A hydraulic circuit for braking the rotation of the rotary holder 4 centered around the reversible hydraulic pump 8 will be described later.

With the above configuration, wind pressure energy is introduced into the input shaft 2 as a rotational output through the windmill shaft 1'' and the drive bevel gear 1', and drives the hydraulic pump 3 to rotate.

In addition, apart from the above embodiment, the positive displacement hydraulic pump 3 may be installed inside the wind turbine housing 1'', and the wind turbine shaft 1'' and the drive shaft of the hydraulic pump 3 may be directly connected.

However, in this case, the suction and discharge pipes in the housing 1'' for the hydraulic pump 3 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of rotation of the rotary holder 4, and the pipes are attached to the inside center of the support frame 9. Each connection to the downward pipe must be made via a rotary pipe joint mounted on the rotary holder 4.

In addition, if the height of the support frame 9 is high and there is a large difference in height from the oil tank, it will be inconvenient to absorb the oil, but in this case, the oil tank should be of a sealed structure -4-
At the same time, an appropriate force 1 is applied so that a constant boost pressure acts on the suction bow I of the hydraulic pump 3 and the suction pipe in the vicinity.
A 1-pressure flexible pipe may be provided and connected to the suction pipe line so that the piping system forms a closed loop.

FIG. 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram for converting wind energy into thermal energy.

In the figure, 2 is the output rotating shaft of the wind turbine, 3 is a positive displacement hydraulic pump, 21 is an orifice (not shown, but is a type of crest with multiple small holes in a disk), and 22 is a pressure-compensated flow rate control. The valves 21 and 22 are both installed in series with the discharge line 3'.

23 is a radiator, 24 is a subway oil tank (in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1), and 3'' is a suction pipe.

Pressure oil pressurized by the hydraulic pump 3 passes through the orifice chair 21, actively causing a pressure loss in the oil, and this loss pressure energy is converted into natural energy and the oil is Raise the temperature.

In this way, the oil temperature rises to F, and the pressure oil flows out downstream through the opening of the pressure compensating flow control valve 22 set to J. , and furthermore, Rashi 2 [
- Through evening 23, Earth F tank 24 (two bases).

As the oil is repeatedly circulated through this hydraulic circuit, the oil temperature gradually rises. , L, radiator 23 successively radiate heat and serve for heating, and 9- is returned to the ground F tank 24 so that the heat storage effect can be changed.

In this case, the discharge pipe 3', the suction pipe 3', and the underground tank 24 are all covered with a heat insulating material (preferably -6). Even if the wind speed changes, it is possible to maintain the optimal operating conditions f!・A steady state is reached when the wind power taken in from the wind turbine and the wind turbine is in equilibrium. It can be stabilized by setting the capacity of the tank appropriately, and can be used with a heating heat storage device (7).

In other words, this embodiment is an example of a heating heat storage device that converts wind energy into heat energy and uses it to heat the room, and has a 7τ configuration.

, Now, countermeasures against wind damage to wind turbines during long-term operation are an important issue, and measures to deal with strong winds will be described below with reference to embodiments.

When faced with sudden strong winds without a forecast, the wind turbine should not rotate at excessive speed (-1).Since it must not cause damage to its components, this invention also prevents the wind turbine from rotating at excessive speed. Measures have been taken to suppress this.

. As shown in Fig. 1, the wind turbine 1 of the embodiment is a downstream fixed pitch propeller type, and the propeller is always positioned at one wind F depending on the wind direction, and as the wind speed increases, up to a certain range. The rotational speed of the positive displacement hydraulic pump 3 which is driven by the output rotational shaft 2 increases linearly 7 and is proportional to the rotational speed. Therefore, the discharge amount will also increase.

By the way, the single torque compensation type flow control valve 22 installed in series in the discharge pipe 3' can be adjusted by setting the opening degree of the crest for setting the flow rate to a constant flow rate in advance. Since the setting is such that the meteor that lights the valve will hardly change even if pressure changes upstream or downstream of the valve, the wind turbine 1 will rotate at a rotation speed proportional to the wind speed until the wind speed is, say, 20 m/s. It is rotated from 20m/s to 25m/
On s, the wind turbine 1 can be made to turn at a constant maximum allowable rotation speed.

-4- In other words, the flow control valve 22 is operated as an opus bee limiter of the wind turbine. Wholesale angle becomes larger.

Second, the lift increases, and of course the force obtained from wind power increases, but the meteor hole mentioned above naturally increases.
f71] Valve 22 is not controlling to a constant value, so 2
0 m, 's = 25 rn/s, during the increase in wind speed a [], the increase in the torque is used for the hydraulic pump 3 to increase the discharge pressure [1 margin], and the rotational speed of the wind turbine 1 is constant. If the value of f[4:, held, - is reached, the wind speed increases to 11, then the propeller blades of wind turbine 1 stall,
Korei Toru') haa + t') increase 1Jll Since there is no L...
Damage to the wind turbine 1 due to overspeed rotation is prevented.

Well, 1. In the second invention, when a sudden change in wind direction occurs,
Oil FE cylinder: 7 crests (7) Silk, or +J, (hydraulic type that can move the pull gear action proportional to the rotating current)
Bar'-? 'r Incorporated / ゛ is fα dangerous, so it's a hit, so
It is characterized by the fact that measures have been taken to prevent turning, turning, and preventing) -4- That is, the first eye 1 + , 1 , t'', i
- Rotating holder 4 and -1 wind [1 (housing 1
The windmill 1, which is held at ``'', rotates the mass of the manpower 2 in accordance with the direction of use 1. 5 also rotates around the input shaft 2 and transmits the rotation to the pinion 6.

As the pinion 6 rotates, the pinion shaft 7 rotates synchronously, and the lower reversible hydraulic pump 8 is rotated.

FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a rotary braking mechanism for a rotary holder centered around a reversible hydraulic pump 8. As shown in FIG.

In other words, it can be said to be a wind turbine turning speed braking mechanism.

In the figure, 81, 82, 83, and 84 are check valves, 85 is an orifice, and 86 is an oil tank.

Now, when the wind turbine is about to turn suddenly due to a sudden change in wind direction, when the pinion shaft 7 rapidly rotates either clockwise or counterclockwise via the spur gear 5 and pinion 6, the hydraulic pump 8 is reversible, so port R or L
Working oil is discharged from either.

For example, the working oil discharged from port 1-R is connected to the check valve 81.
The working oil passes through the pipe and reaches the orifice 85, but since the working oil is squeezed by the orifice 85, the oil pressure of the working oil in the pipe up to this point rises rapidly, acting as resistance against the discharge port R and causing a braking action. .

The working oil that has passed through the orifice 85 is transferred to the tank 86.
The oil flows through the check valve 84 and flows back through the pipeline from the bow 1-L to the reversible hydraulic pump 8 in the direction of the arrow, but this hydraulic circuit functions as a hydraulic damper and prevents the rotation of the reversible pump 8. The wind turbine is designed to provide a braking action to prevent breakdowns caused by sudden turns of the wind turbine.

In addition, this braking mechanism does not exert much braking on rotation when the wind direction changes slowly, and the wind turbine can quickly face the wind direction.

As is clear from the above explanation, the wind energy conversion device according to the present invention does not rely on complicated mechanisms such as variable pitch propellers or air-operated brakes, but uses a simple mechanism that requires little maintenance. It is possible to prevent overspeed rotation of the wind turbine due to the sudden occurrence of strong winds, and it is possible to prevent the wind turbine from rotating at excessive speed due to the sudden occurrence of strong winds.In particular, when the wind direction changes in sudden strong winds that frequently occur, the wind turbine, together with its support mechanism, can be gradually oriented to face the wind direction. It is possible to prevent damage to the wind turbine and its support mechanism caused by sudden turns, and it can operate for a long period of time without failure, which is especially useful for medium and small-scale wind energy use. .

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the main parts of the mechanism of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram for converting wind energy into thermal energy, and Fig. 3 is a diagram of a rotary holder showing the main parts of the invention. FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the rotational braking mechanism. 1... Wind turbine, 2... Output rotating shaft, 3.
...Volume expansion hydraulic pump, 4 ... Rotating holder, 8 ... Reversible hydraulic pump, 22 ...
Pressure compensated flow control valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A mechanism that extracts wind energy as rotational output by rotating a windmill supported on a support frame so that it can rotate depending on the wind direction, a positive displacement hydraulic pump driven by the rotational output shaft of this mechanism, and its discharge pipe. In a wind energy conversion device comprising a flow rate control valve installed in series with a wind turbine, the front rotary extraction mechanism is connected to each of the wind turbines,
A braking device is supported by the support frame via a cylindrical rotation holder that rotatably engages with the upper part of the support frame, and is fixed to the support frame and connected to the rotation holder via a power transmission mechanism. a reversible hydraulic pump;
In the hydraulic circuit of the reversible hydraulic pump, a braking mechanism is provided on the support frame, comprising an orifice interposed between a port on the discharge side of the reversible hydraulic pump and an oil tank, and for braking the rotation of the rotary holder. A wind energy conversion device characterized by: