JPS598600B2 - Decompression device for surfacing for divers - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a decompression device for surfacing a diver using a non-saturation diving type (mask type/scuba type).

Conventionally, when a diver ascends to the surface, he or she stops ascending for a predetermined time every two predetermined depths to depressurize the diver in order to prevent decompression sickness (diving sickness, etc.).

For example, according to the laws and regulations regarding the safety and health of hyperbaric work, a diver who has been working underwater for 90 to 115 minutes at a depth of 34,771 points will have 5 minutes at a depth of 12 meters, 22 minutes at a depth of 9 meters, 32 minutes at a depth of 6 meters, and 32 minutes at a depth of 6 meters. It is necessary to depressurize for a total of 133 minutes (approximately 2.2 hours), 74 minutes at 3rrL.

The above decompression can be done, for example, by dropping a rope with a buoy attached to the upper end and a weight to the lower end into the water, and moving it to depths of 3m, 6rn, and 9m.
This is done by the diver holding onto a landmark placed at a distance of 12 meters and stopping his or her ascent for a predetermined period of time.

However, it is difficult and physically and mentally taxing to maintain a specified depth for a considerable length of time while holding on to a rope in an unstable state, and decompression is often omitted.
The drawback was that the negative effects accumulated and people suffered from decompression sickness.

Furthermore, in the event of an accident such as a malfunction of diving equipment or an injury, it is impossible to perform decompression, which requires a long time, so there is a drawback that the diver ascends suddenly and suffers from decompression sickness.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a decompression device for surfacing for divers, which can depressurize easily and comfortably, and can also take emergency measures and float safely in the event of an accident. Our goal is to provide the following.

The illustrated embodiment will be described below.

Reference numeral 1 is a tower-shaped support frame with a rectangular cross section, which consists of four pillars 2 to 5 made of shaped steel (approximately 20 m in length) connected at each required height by beams 6 also made of shaped steel. The upper parts of the pillars are connected by diagonal members 7, and steel scaffolding boards 8 are installed, handrails 9 are erected, and rings 10 are installed at the upper ends of each pillar 2 to 5 to connect wire ropes to be hung by a crane. is installed.

Further, at the lower end of the support 1, a weight 11 is provided, which is a steel plate box filled with concrete or iron ingots.

Reference numerals 12 to 15 are decompression waiting chambers, which are made of steel plates such as front and rear walls 16, 17, left and right walls 18, 19, and top and bottom walls 20, 2.
1 is stretched in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and a circular opening 22 for access that is always open is provided in the center of the bottom wall 21, and a ladder 2 is installed there.
3 and an exhaust pipe 24 is provided at the corner of the bottom wall 21.

Each of the decompression waiting chambers 12 to 15 has a predetermined depth with the opening 22 as the base, that is, the decompression waiting chamber 12 has a depth of 3 m.
, Decompression waiting room 13 is 6m long, Decompression waiting room 14 is 9m long,
The decompression standby chambers 15 are fixed at a required height of the support frame 1 at a predetermined distance vertically from each other so as to be located at 127n, and each of the decompression standby chambers 12 to 15 has a spare one. Equipped with waterproof lockers for storing diving equipment, cylinders, repair tools, food and beverages, first aid medicines, portable toilets, etc., lights, telephones for communication with work vessels, radios, etc. (not shown). ing.

Reference numerals 25 to 28 refer to air pipes attached to each of the pillars 2 to 5, and valves 29 to 32 are attached to the upper ends of each of the air pipes 25 to 28, and the air pipes 25 and 26 are connected to the vacuum waiting chamber 12 and the vacuum waiting chamber 13, respectively. The trachea 21 is transferred to the decompression waiting chamber 14 and the air pipe 28 is transferred to the decompression waiting chamber 15.
Each opening is installed in the ceiling of each room, and each opening is equipped with a check valve to prevent backflow of compressed air due to failure of the air supply mechanism. The exhaust pipes 24 are arranged at the same pillars 2 to 50 corresponding to the air supply pipes 25 to 28 of each room.

The valves 29 to 32 are connected to the air compressor 34 of the work boat 33 with hoses 35 to 38, so that the decompression waiting chambers 12 to 15 can be individually connected to the air compressor 34.

Reference numeral 39 is a mark indicating a water line provided on the upper part of each pillar 2 to 5, and with reference to this mark, each decompression waiting chamber 12 to 15 can be adjusted to the predetermined depth.

The actual surfacing of a diver using the device a of the present invention having the above configuration will now be described.

First, the device a of the present invention is connected to a wire rope 40 attached to a ring 10 to a crane (not shown) and suspended in the sea at the work site, and the scaffolding board 8 protrudes into the sea based on the mark 39 and stands by for each decompression. It is supported in an upright state with chambers 12 to 15 located at a predetermined depth.

In this case, seawater flows into each decompression waiting chamber 12 to 15 from the inlet/outlet opening 22 depending on the water depth, and is evacuated by opening the valves 29 to 32 from which the hoses 35 to 38 have been previously removed. It can speed up sedimentation.

Next, when the hoses 35 to 38 are connected to the valves 29 to 32 and compressed air is sent to each decompression standby chamber 12 to 15 by the air compressor 34, the seawater that has flowed into each decompression standby chamber 12 to 15 is drained out. 22, and each chamber has a predetermined water depth, that is, 3 m for the vacuum waiting chamber 12, 6 m for the vacuum waiting chamber 13, 9 m for the vacuum waiting chamber 14, and 1 m for the vacuum waiting chamber 15.
It is filled with compressed air at each pressure corresponding to each water depth of 277L, and buoyancy is generated by each decompression waiting chamber 12 to 15, and the balance action of the weight 11 allows it to maintain a predetermined upright state and float. Then, as mentioned above, when each decompression standby chamber 12 to 15 is filled with compressed air, it is exhausted from each exhaust pipe 24 and bubbles float to the surface. 12-15
At the same time, the wire rope 40 is removed from the crane and the work boat 33 is connected to the anchor on the seabed or the existing caisson ( (not shown).

However, as stipulated in the above-mentioned law, the diving depth is 3477.
When the diver 41 returns to the surface after working underwater for 90 to 115 minutes in Z, he first enters the decompression waiting room 15 and enters the 5
The pressure is reduced for 1 minute, then transferred to the reduced pressure waiting room 14, where the pressure is reduced for 22 minutes, and then transferred to the reduced pressure waiting room 13, where the pressure is reduced for 32 minutes, and then transferred to the reduced pressure waiting room 12, where the pressure is reduced for 7 minutes.
Since the predetermined pressure reduction is completed by reducing the pressure for 4 minutes, the diver 41 only has to leave the reduced pressure waiting chamber 12 and ascend to the surface.

In the above, the diver 41 can decompress in a comfortable condition such as removing diving equipment and sitting on the floor in each decompression waiting room 12 to 15, and can eat, drink, defecate, and make phone calls with the work vessel as necessary. Contact can be made.

In addition, in the event that diving equipment malfunctions or an accident such as injury occurs during work, evacuate to the appropriate decompression waiting room 12 to 15, repair the diving equipment, replace it with spare equipment, and provide first aid. Or you can take a rescue spree to a work boat.

In the above embodiment, a case was explained in which four rectangular parallelepiped-shaped decompression waiting chambers were provided in a turret-shaped support frame with a rectangular cross section. In addition, the decompression waiting chamber is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped shape, but may also have an appropriate shape such as a spherical or hemispherical shape, and the number of decompression waiting chambers may be 2 to 2.
Three or five or more may be provided for each required depth.

Further, although the case has been described in which compressed air is supplied from the air compressor of the work boat, the present invention is not limited to this, and an air compressor or an air tank may be installed in the support frame itself.

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention,
A decompression waiting room that has a turret-shaped support frame with a scaffolding board and handrail on the upper side and a weight on the lower side, and an entrance and exit opening that is always open on the lower side between the scaffolding plate and the weight. A plurality of decompression waiting chambers are placed at a required distance above and below each other, for example, by suspending them into the water using a crane or the like, and as shown in the example, each decompression waiting chamber is located at a depth of 3 m, 6 m, 9 m, and 12 m. If compressed air is sent to each chamber, the seawater that has flowed into each chamber will be discharged from the opening, and each decompression waiting chamber will be filled with compressed air at each pressure corresponding to its predetermined depth. ,
A diver who is about to ascend to the surface can perform a prescribed decompression by sequentially entering each decompression waiting chamber from the lower part to the upper part and remaining in each chamber for a predetermined period of time. By moving to each decompression waiting room, you can safely and easily ascend even when the current is strong or visibility is poor.

Furthermore, in each decompression waiting room, you can remove your diving equipment and decompress while sitting on the floor in a comfortable manner, compared to the conventional method of holding onto a rope suspended underwater and maintaining the same depth for 30 to 70 minutes. In addition to significantly reducing the physical and mental burden on divers, by equipping each decompression waiting room with spare diving equipment, medicines, etc., in the event of an accident such as malfunction of diving equipment or injury, Since the user can evacuate to an appropriate reduced-pressure waiting room and take necessary measures quickly, it can also be useful for the safety of underwater work.

In addition, since the part of the support frame above the scaffolding board protrudes above the water, it can be used as a scaffold for supplying compressed air, various support tasks for divers, and access for divers, improving work efficiency. can.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing the state of use, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the main parts of the same state of use. 1... Support frame body, 8... Scaffolding board, 9...
... Handrail, 11 ... Weight, 22 ...
・Opening, 12-15... Decompression waiting room, 34...
...Air compressor as compressed air supply source, 2
5-28... Air pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Scaffolding boards and handrails are installed on the upper side of the turret-shaped support frame, weights are provided on the lower side, and multiple decompression waiting chambers with entrances and exits that are always open on the lower side are installed on the above support frame. The scaffolding board of the frame body and the weight are provided at a predetermined distance vertically from each other, and each of these decompression waiting chambers is provided with a separate air supply pipe connected to a compressed air supply source on the water. A depressurizing device for surfacing a diver, characterized in that the part above the scaffolding plate maintains an upright position with its part above the water by being filled with compressed air at different atmospheric pressures corresponding to the water depth. .