JPS6010499B2 - rectifier - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This invention relates to a rectifier.

Conventional examples are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the rotor, in which 1, 2, and 3 are capacitors for suppressing surge voltage, 4, 5, and 6 are rotor windings, 7 is a rotor core, and 8 is a shaft. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the rotor and rectifier shown in FIG. 1, with commutator segments 9, 10, and 11, brushes 12 and 13, and a power source 14. In this example, surge voltage absorbing capacitors 1, 2, and 3 are inserted outside the rotor windings 4, 5, and 6 that are wound around the three-pronged rotor core 7. The capacitor must not protrude outside the circumference including the surface facing the stator, and there are restrictions on the capacitance and shape of the capacitor, and the larger the shape, the worse the dynamic performance. Another drawback is that there are a large number of parts. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a rectifying device that has good dynamic balance, has a small number of parts, and can suppress surge voltage and arc generation.

An embodiment of this invention is shown in FIG.

In the figure, 31, 32, 33 are rotor windings, 34, 3
5 is Arashi Uko, 34a, 35a are the first brush pieces, 34b, 3
5b is the second brush piece, 34c, 35c are the third brush piece, 36
, 37, 38 are commutator segments, 39, 40, 41 are slits, 42, 43, 44 are branch slits, 45, 4
6 and 47 are lands provided between each branch slit. 48 is a shaft, and 49, 50, 51 are center taps of the rotor windings, which are connected to lands 45, 46, 47.

When the rotor rotates in the clockwise direction shown in the figure, first
As shown in FIG.
8, and when the second brush piece 34b and the third brush piece 34c are on the commutator segment 36, the Tachibana Uko 34 short-circuits the commutator segments 36 and 38 (the rotor winding 33 and the brush 34 When the brush 34 is above the commutator segment 38 and the land 46, as shown in FIG.
4a, when the second brush piece 34b is on the commutator segment 38 and the third brush piece 34c is on the land 46, the brush 34 leaves the commutator segment 36, shorting the land 46 and the commutator segment 38, and gradually The direction of the current in the rotor winding 33 is changed to smoothly perform rectification. Next, changes in the current in the rotor winding 33 will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 6a to 6d.

Specifically, the following wind → leg → 'C according to the passage of time (rotation)
}→It will change like a sail. Wind The first Arashiyama brush piece 34a, the second brush piece 34b, and the third brush piece 3 of the Sakaki brush piece 34
When the brush 4c is in elastic contact with the commutator segment 36 and the brush 35 is in elastic contact with the commutator segment 37 (before commutation of the rotor winding 33 starts), FIG. 3 is expressed as an equivalent circuit as shown in FIG. 6a. The direction of the current i flowing through the lower winding 33 is as shown by the arrow in the figure.

'B} The first brush piece 34a of the brush 34 is on the commutator segment 38, the second brush piece 34b, the third brush piece 34c
is on the commutator segment 36, and when the brush 35 is in elastic contact with the commutator segment 37 (during the commutation period), FIG. 3 is represented by an equivalent circuit as shown in FIG. 6b, and the rotor winding 3
The direction of the current i flowing through 3 is as shown by the arrow in the figure.

The first brush piece 34a and the second brush piece 34b of the 'C' brush 34
is in elastic contact with the commutator segment 38, the third brush piece 34c is in elastic contact with the land 46, and the brush 35 is in elastic contact with the commutator segment 37.
When in elastic contact with (during the rectification period), Fig. 3 shows Fig. 6 c
The direction of the current i is as shown by the arrow in the figure.

○' The first brush piece 34a and the second brush piece 34b of the brush 34
, the third brush piece 34c comes into elastic contact with the commutator segment 38,
When the brush 35 is in elastic contact with the commutator segment 37 (commutation of the rotor winding 33 is completed), FIG. 3 is represented by an equivalent circuit as shown in FIG. 6 d, and the direction of the current i is as shown in the figure. As shown by the arrow, the direction is opposite to that before rectification.

FIG. 5 shows the variation of the current i flowing through the low winding, e.g. 33, during the rectification period. In Figure 5, up to point A of current i shows the state of the above wind term, and point A is rectification (period).
Immediately after the start of the process, it is the boundary point where the state shifts to the negative state. Between Eero shows the state of 'B' term, and rotor winding 3
3 is shorted by brush 34, due to this open circuit. The current i flowing through the motor winding 33 decreases. The mouth point is a boundary point that transitions from the state of the tune term to the state of the 'C} term.
Between the two rows, the state of [C- term] is shown, and the current j starts to flow from the midpoint of the rotor winding 33 with its direction reversed. The non-circular state shown in circle is the state after the motor has been commutated. Here, the reason why the rectification is performed smoothly and slowly, that is, the reason why the current i changes slowly will be explained.

In other words, if rectification (reversal of the direction of current flowing through the 〇 motor winding 33) is performed rapidly, the reversal occurs before the residual energy of the winding is absorbed.
Sparks are generated as the brush piece 34 moves to the next commutator segment 38. For this reason, it is necessary to take a sufficient rectification period (winding short-circuit period) to moderate the change in current i and bring the voltage generated at K (K is proportional to the number of turns) into a range where sparks do not occur.

Therefore, the residual energy is released through the brush 34 in the state of the 'B' term, and the residual energy is released from the center tap 50 of the rotor winding 33 to one half of the rotor winding 33 in the state of the 'C' term. , and the current i starts to be reversed for the other half of the leg.

In this way, when commutation is performed smoothly and gently, the surge voltage and arc that occur during commutation are suppressed, extending the life of the motor and reducing radio interference. It is no longer necessary to attach it to the rotor, the dynamic balance is good, and the number of parts is small.

Although the embodiment has been described with respect to a DC three-pole motor, the same applies to a five-pole motor, and the commutator can also be applied to either a flat plate type or a cylindrical type.

As described above, the rectifying device of the present invention includes a slit, a branching slit that branches from near the center in the longitudinal direction of the slit toward the rear in the segment rotation direction and extends toward one end of the slit, and A commutator consisting of front and rear segments separated by a branch slit, and a land surrounded by the slit and branch and independent of the front and rear segments, and both ends of which are connected to the front leg and rear segment. The rotor windings are connected to each other and have their center taps connected to the lands, and the tips of the first and second leg pieces having integrated base ends are connected to the front segments as the front and rear segments rotate. The tip of the third brush piece, whose proximal end is integrated with the first and second segments, crosses the slit to the rear segment and crosses the slit from the front segment to the land'. and a brush that further crosses the branch slit and transfers to the latter segment, and the first, second and third brush pieces of the slit sequentially cross the slit, The direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding during commutation can be changed gently, and as a result, surge voltage and arcing can be suppressed, the life of the motor can be extended, and radio wave interference can be reduced. Moreover, the dynamic balance is good, the number of parts is small, and o

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are explanatory diagrams of a conventional example, FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of its operation, and FIG.
The figure is a current waveform diagram flowing through the rotor winding, and FIGS. 6a to 6d are equivalent circuit diagrams for explaining the operation. 31-33... Rotor winding, 34, 35...
・Brush, 36-38... Commutator segment, 3
9-41... Slit, 42-44... Branch slit, 45-47... Land, 49-61... Center tap, 34a, 35a... First brush piece, 34b, 3
5b...Second brush piece, 34c, 35c...
...Third brush piece. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A slit, a branching slit that branches from near the center in the longitudinal direction of the slit toward the rear in the segment rotational direction and extends toward one end of the slit, and front and rear segments separated by the slit and the branching slit. and a commutator consisting of a land surrounded by the slit and the branch slit and independent from the front and rear segments, both ends of which are connected to the front and rear segments, respectively, and a center tap connected to the land. The tips of the first and second brush pieces, which have integrated base ends and the rotor windings, cross the slit from the front segment to the rear segment as the front and rear segments rotate. The tip of the third brush piece, whose base end is integrated with the first and second segments, transfers from the front segment to the land across the slit according to the rotation of the front and rear segments, and further transfers to the land. A rectifying device comprising a brush that crosses a branch slit and transfers to the front segment, wherein first, second and third brush pieces of the brush sequentially cross the slit.