JPS6031612B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement of a machine tool equipped with an automatic tool changer having two functions: machining and rotary tool machining.

With conventional machine tools that have two functions: machining and rotary tool machining, the machining position that requires rotary tool machining is on the side of the workpiece, and the tool axis does not intersect with the table center axis. It was not possible to change the tools used for machining, and the machining range was narrow.

The present invention is intended to improve such drawbacks, and is installed at the lower end of a ram that moves horizontally and vertically.
Rotates from the tool magazine to a tool rest that can be indexed in the vertical plane.
The object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that can perform machining work and rotary tool machining over a wide range and efficiently by automatically exchanging machining tools. Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIGS. 1 and 2 showing the overall configuration, 1 is a rotary table having high-speed and low-speed continuous rotation, arbitrary positioning, and clamping functions; 2 is a rotating table for loading a workpiece;
a pallet clamped to a bag rack on the rotary table 1;
3 is a table base having a cutting shoulder and a sloped surface for facilitating the collection of cutting oil, etc.; 4 is the table base 3;
5 is a column that slides in the horizontal direction (Y direction) on the sliding surface of the pet 4 by a well-known feeding mechanism such as a feed screw or nut;
6 is a cross rail fixed to the column 5 and has a horizontal sliding surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pet 4, and 7 is a cross rail that slides in the x direction on the sliding surface of the cross rail 6 by a well-known feeding mechanism. A moving saddle; 8 is a ram that slides in the Z-axis direction along the vertical sliding shaft of the saddle 7 by a well-known feeding mechanism; 9 is a cutting tool mounted on two surfaces intersecting at right angles on the circumferential surface; A tool post T is an automatic tool changer, which has a surface and a rotating main shaft for a rotary tool, and is indexably and fixably provided at the tip of the ram 8.

The details will be explained below. FIG. 3 shows the configuration of a rotary table, in which a rotary table 12 is rotated by a table rotation drive motor 10 via a belt 11, and gears 13, 1 .
5 or gears 14 and 16 mesh to give the shaft 17 two-stage rotation of high speed and low speed, and the table 1 is rotated by the gear 18 and the gear 19 fixed to the table 1.

The meshing of the gears 13 and 15 or the gears 14 and 16 is switched by a shifter 201 operated by a shifter cylinder, so that the table 1 can be given continuous rotation at high or low speed. When indexing and positioning the table 1 or performing rotary milling work, shift the gears 13 and 14 on the shaft 12 to the neutral position,
The clutch 21 is connected and the table 1 is rotated by the table index drive motor 22 via the gears 23, 24, the shaft 17, and the gears 18, 19.

When the table output drive motor 22 is under N/C control, it is possible to perform positioning at any angle using a servo motor, and when index positioning is performed using a stopper, it is also possible to use a torque motor. It is.

In any case, the power is smaller and the speed is slower than when the table is rotated by a single table rotation drive motor. The position coder 25 adjusts the position of the table in synchronization with the rotation of the table 1.
It emits a one-rotation signal at the o position and is used for thread cutting.It is connected to any drive system for table rotation and can detect the table o position.

A stopper 26 is provided at the index position of the table, and when the position detecting proximity switch detects that it is close to the stop & layer, a positioning pin 27 pops out from the table base and collides with the stopper 26 to stop the table. A detection system is provided that performs indexing using a "positioning pin" and detects the stop position in advance to reduce the rotational speed and operate a stopper.

28 is a clamping device for indexing the table, which clamps a part of the table between the cylinder part of the hydraulic cylinder and the rod, and the external part of the cylinder is clamped into a hole of the same diameter in the table base. It is inserted into and can be freely moved in and out in the vertical direction.

The dovetail groove of the pallet 2 is guided by a guide rail provided on the table 1, and the pallet 2 is fed horizontally onto the upper surface of the table 1.

The clamp shoe 29 embedded in the notch of the guide rail releases or holds the pallet via the clamping arm 32 by vertical movement of the pallet centering device 31 fixed to the piston of the clamping sill 30. 4 to 7 show the structure of the tool rest.

As shown in FIG. 4, a tool post mandrel 34 is indexed and directly clamped to the lower end of the ram 8 via a coupling 33.
The tool rest 9 is fixed to the mandrel 34 with bolts, and when pressure oil enters the right chamber 35 of the clamping cylinder, the tool rest 9 is clamped to the ram 8. The indexing rotation of the tool post 9 is controlled by the gear 38 via the clutch 37 by the indexing actuator 36.
This is done by rotating the gear 39 provided at the end of the mandrel 34.

The index position of the tool rest 9 is detected by the proximity switch 4-kawa.
Further, confirmation of the clamp is performed by a detection switch 40'.
A rotating main shaft 41 is incorporated into one surface of the tool post 9.

The shaft 42 is rotated by the drive motor, and the bevel gears 43, 44,
The main shaft 41 is rotated by bevel gears 50 and 51 via gears 45 and 46, a clutch 47, and gears 48 and 49.

For orientation of the spindle when changing tools, the tool post indexing gate actuator 36 is also used, and the clutch 37 is connected to the gear 52.
to transmit rotation to the gear 49.

At this time, since the clutch 47 is connected and disconnected, no rotational force is transmitted to the drive motor side. Detection of the spindle indexing direction is performed by the proximity switch 53, and accurate positioning is achieved through rapid rotation and deceleration.

The rotary tool is clamped by gripping the tail portion of the tool 54 with a claw 55 and clamping it by the spring force of a disc spring 56.

do. During fan clamping, a hydraulic cylinder 57 located behind the main shaft 41 pushes down a clamp rod 58 to cancel the clamping force.

Confirmation of the rotary tool clamp is performed using the proximity switch 59. The structure of the construction odor attachment part will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7. As shown in FIG. 5, the tool rest 9 is provided with a mounting surface for a cutting tool 60 and a rotating main shaft 41 for a rotary tool on two surfaces that intersect at right angles on its curved surface, and the above-mentioned indexing device Each tool spindle is indexed and fixed in each direction horizontally or vertically with respect to the table surface.

The machining tool 60 has a spigot convex portion 61, a mounting surface 62, and a keyway 63.

The mounting clamp of the machining tool 60 is attached to the spigot convex portion 61 of the tool.
This is done by a T-slot portion 64 and a T-slot nut 65 provided in the.

The T-slot nut 65 is disc-shaped, but has two sides cut out, and is inserted into the T-slot part 64 at the angle shown in FIG. Hold 60. This T-slot nut 65 is connected to a pinion gear 67 by a tension rod 66.
7 is a rack 7 formed at the tip of a cylinder rod 69 of a hydraulic cylinder 68 arranged at right angles to the tension rod.
0, and the movement of the rack 70 rotates the T-slot nut. Hollow cylinder rod 71 of hydraulic cylinder
is pushed up by filling the chamber 72 with pressure oil, pulling the tension rod 66 and clamping the cutting tool 90.

In this way, the fact that the mounting surfaces of the turning tool and the rotating tool are provided at different intervals is because the weight of the turning tool is generally 40 to 50 kg.
9. Since the weight and rigidity of the rotary tools are 20k9 or less, it is effective in improving the cutting efficiency and accuracy maintenance of each tool.

In addition, in view of tool interference, machining tools and rotating tools should not be installed at the same time. 8 and 9 show an automatic tool changer T, in which a large number of magazines 75 storing tools 73, 74, etc. are fixed on each storage device tool stand 76 by a stopper 77 and a fixing device 78. has been done.

Each tool stand 76 is interconnected at one side by a chain 79, and the tool stand 76 moves on a guide surface 81 by rotation of a gear 80 that meshes with the chain 79.

The drive motor 82 and gear reduction box 83 drive the gear 80, and are capable of two-stage switching between forward and reverse rotation, rapid forwarding, and slow forwarding, and are equipped with a built-in brake mechanism for quick stopping. It has become.

When the tool stand 76 carrying the selected tool approaches a predetermined position A1A on the guide surface 81, the moving speed of the tool stand 76 is reduced and then stopped by the brake.

Next, the tool carriage exchange drive source 84 moves the magazine 75 to the indexed position and moves it to the tool carrier 86 on the near slider 85.
When moved upward, the magazine 75 is fixed to the tool carrier 86 by a stopper 87 and a fixing device 88.

In this way, rotating tools and turning tools are selected at any time from the magazine pool that stores a large number of magazines 75 each storing each tool, and are moved onto the tool carrier 86 on the linear slider 85 to store the tools. The tool carrier drive motor 8 is connected to the empty magazine 75A.
9, the empty magazine 75A is sent to a predetermined tool exchange position B-B on the linear slider 85, and
Wait at this position.

When exchanging a tool, the tool post reaches a predetermined position pupil B1B by movement of the column, saddle, and ram, and then is positioned with the tool mounting portion for exchanging the tool facing downward.

Next, the saddle is moved to approach the empty magazine 75A from the side, and when the used tool is clamped to the magazine 75A, the clamping mechanism of the tool rest is loosened, the ram is sent upward, and the turret head is moved away.

Next, the tool carrier moves a certain distance, and the magazine containing the new tool selected from the magazine pool is positioned at the B-B position, and the new tool is positioned below the turret head.

The ram then lowers to clamp the new tool, and then the saddle moves sideways to remove the tool from the magazine.

Subsequently, after the magazine 75 containing the used tools is positioned at the A-A position, it is returned to the empty tool stand by the cylinder 84, completing one process.

As explained above, the present invention has three feed control axes and a rotary table, and also has a tool rest and each tool shaft, each having a turning tool mounting surface and a rotary spindle for a rotary tool on two surfaces intersecting at right angles on the circumferential surface. Since the direction can be indexed perpendicularly or parallelly to the table surface, the rotary tool axis can be set perpendicular or parallel to the table surface, and the table can be positioned by clamping or by slow rotational feeding, and the workpiece can be indexed. Secondary machining of the top or side surfaces can be performed, or the turning tool axis can be set perpendicular or parallel to the table surface and the table is continuously rotated at high speed to turn the top, side, or inner side of the workpiece. In particular, the rotary tool of the tool post can now be replaced, making it possible to expose the tool axis in both directions perpendicular and parallel to the table surface, which was previously impossible. This has the effect that machining can be performed efficiently over a wide range when the machining position is on the side surface of the workpiece and the tool edge does not intersect with the table center axis.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a side view of the whole, Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of the rotary table section, and Fig. 4 is a front view of the tool rest. 5 is a side sectional view of the same, FIG. 6 is a front and side view of the turning tool, FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the relationship between the T-slot portion and the T-slot nut, and FIG. 8 is an automatic tool changer. FIG. 9 is a side view of the same, and FIG. 9 is a plan view of the same. 1: Rotating table, 2: Pallet, 4: Pet, 5: Column, 6: Cross rail, 7: Saddle, 8: Ram, 9:
Turret head, 10: Table rotation drive motor, 22
:Table index drive mode, 33:Coupling, 36
: Indexing actuator, 41: Rotating spindle, 60: Turning tool, 75: Magazine, 76: Storage device tool stand, 82: Drive motor, 84: Tool stand exchange drive source, 86: Tool carrier, 89: Tool transfer Platform drive motor. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 8 Figure 9

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a machine tool equipped with a saddle that is horizontally slidable on a vertical column, a ram that is vertically slidable on the saddle, and an automatic tool changer, the lower end of the ram A turret that is attached to the turret and is rotatable in a vertical plane, a rotating main shaft built into the turret, a clamp rod for a rotary tool clamp having a claw at the tip provided on the rotating main shaft, and the clamp rod. a disc spring that operates to clamp the rotary tool; a hydraulic cylinder fixed to the ram that operates the clamp rod against the elasticity of the bell spring;
It consists of a position detection device for a tool post provided on the ram and a position detection device for a rotating spindle provided on the tool post, and positions the rotating spindle of the tool post rotating in a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the ram. A machine tool that is characterized in that the rotating direction is positioned at a fixed position after the rotation is completed, and the rotating tool is automatically exchanged with any rotating tool.