JPS604740B2 - rotary cutting device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device that reliably cuts a material into any desired two-dimensional cross-sectional size in one go, and provides a device that is particularly effective for cutting ductile materials. It is something to do.

Technology for recycling industrial waste such as metal scraps, waste plastics, and old tires is attracting attention from the standpoint of resource and energy conservation.

As part of this recycling technology, technology to fragment industrial waste into small pieces is required. In general, it is relatively easy to break brittle materials into pieces, and various grinding devices have been developed. but,
It is relatively difficult to shred ductile materials, and there is no efficient equipment that can process large quantities of industrial waste. For example, when scrap metal is reused by sintering and forging, the metal scrap must be cut into pieces.

Conventionally, a hammer mill is used for this purpose. However, with a hammer mill, it is not possible to control the size of the crushed chips, so the size of the chips becomes uneven, and many chips that are finer than necessary are mixed in. On the other hand, since there are also chips that are too large, a sieving process is required after the crushing process. Furthermore, it is almost impossible to crush ductile materials such as aluminum and low carbon steel with a hammer mill. Furthermore, since the material undergoes considerable work hardening during pulverization, there is a disadvantage that the cold formability of the pulverized chips deteriorates. The present invention solves the above-mentioned disadvantages, and relates to a rotary cutting device that can obtain chips of any fixed size by passing the material once between a pair of rolls, and in particular:
Effective for cutting ductile materials.

In addition, when a stepped cutting blade roll and a stepped flat roll are combined, the material is sheared in the circumferential direction at the outer peripheral ends of the adjacent large diameter cutting blade roll and large diameter flat roll to form slits. The sheared material is compressed between the cutting blades of the pair of cutting blade rolls and the outer surface of the flat roll.

Therefore, cutting can be performed in two dimensions at once using a set of the stepped cutting blade roll and the stepped flat roll. To explain the example of cutting a material in one direction as shown in FIG. The body is forcibly driven and has an equal height in the diametrical direction on its outer circumferential surface,
The cutting edge is a cutting blade roll having a plurality of protruding cutting edges 11 continuous in the middle direction of the rotating body, and the other rotating body is a flat roll 2 which is rotatable and whose outer peripheral surface is flat. This is a rotary cutting device characterized by:

Here, the cutting blade roll 1 is integrally attached to a drive shaft 3 with a key 31, and the drive shaft 3 is attached to a side wall 51 of a housing 5 of the device.
It is held via a bearing (not shown) fixed to.
Note that this drive shaft 3 is connected to a motor (not shown) via a speed reducer (not shown). On the other hand, the flat roll 2 has a smooth outer peripheral surface 21 and is mounted on a free shaft 4 parallel to the driving malt 3. Note that since the flat roll 2 is not fixed to the free shaft 4, the flat roll 2 can freely rotate around the free shaft 4. Further, the free ball 4 is held by a hexahedral sliding bearing 41, and this sliding bearing 41 is held by a side wall 51 of the housing 5.
It is slidably held by dovetail grooves formed on the upper and lower edges of a horizontally long rectangular window hole 52 arranged side by side in the fixed bearing machine. Therefore, the sliding bearing 41 is placed in this window hole 5.
2 by sliding it along the upper and lower edges of the window hole 52.
You can move laterally within. Furthermore, the fixed shaft 3 of the window hole 52
Thin plate-shaped spacers 42 and 43 are sandwiched between the side surface and the step bearing 41, and a cylinder 44 is fixed to the opposite side surface.
A piston 45 is interposed between the two. Note that oil at a constant pressure is supplied to the hydraulic chamber 46 formed by the cylinder 44 and the piston 45 from a hydraulic system (not shown) whose pressure can be adjusted. The bases 42 and 43 are the cutting blade roll 1
This is to determine the gap between the flat roll 2 and the flat roll 2, and to secure an arbitrary gap by arbitrarily selecting the thickness of the smoother. Further, the cylinder 44 and the piston 45 apply a pressing force to break the material when the material is introduced between the cutting blade roll 1 and the flat roll 2. A closing opening 53 is formed in the upper part of the housing 5, and the material is introduced between the rolls through this closing opening 53. This device transmits the torque transmitted to the drive shaft 3 to the cutting blade roll 11 to rotate the cutting blade roll 1 in the direction of the arrow (clockwise in FIG. 1), while charging the material through the closing opening 53, A material is held between the cutting edge 11 of the cutting edge roll 1 and the outer peripheral surface 21 of the flat roll, and the material is cut by compression, shearing, or tensile force acting on this minute portion.

Here, since the rotation of the cutting blade roll is transmitted to the flat roll 2 through the material, it rotates in the opposite direction (counterclockwise in Fig. 1) at approximately the same circumferential speed as the cutting blade roll 1. Rotate. In addition, the material is each cutting edge 11 of the cutting edge roll 1.
The chips are cut into chips with a constant size corresponding to the cutting blade pitch. Therefore, if material is continuously supplied through the closing port 53, chips of a constant size can be continuously obtained. In addition, as described above, the rotary cutting device not only can continuously cut the material into a constant size, but also the flat roll 2 is in a free state without being forced to drive, so the cutting blade roll 1
Compared to the case where both the flat roll 2 and the flat roll 2 are forcedly driven,
The cutting torque required to cut the material is reduced, and
The number of component parts of the device is small, making it simple and easy to operate.

As an example of cutting torque comparison, we combined a willow cutting blade roll with a cutting edge pitch of 9.4 on the outside diameter side of the cutting blade roll and a flat roll with an outside diameter of 96 ribs, and determined the clearance between the cutting blade roll and the flat roll. A SAEIO08 steel strip with a medium thickness of 11.5 mm and a thickness of 1.8 mm was cut at a thickness of 0.015 mm and a cutting speed (blade speed) of 6 m/min, and the cutting torque was measured for each.

The results are shown in the table. Table As is clear from this table, cutting torque is minimized by freeing the flat roll.

In addition, the cutting torque was measured at various rotation ratios by combining two rolls with cutting edges facing each other without using a flat roll, and the cutting torque was 25k in all cases.
It was more than 91 skin. Furthermore, when both rolls are cutting blade rolls, it is difficult to align the cutting blades of both rolls accurately on a straight line passing through the central axis of the rolls, resulting in large cutting torque fluctuations and smooth drive. It was difficult. The rotary cutting device of the present invention not only minimizes the cutting torque described above, but also has a small number of parts, and is simple and easy to operate. The concrete effects of these effects are as follows. [1' Since there is no need to drive the flat roll 2, it is sufficient to connect only the cutting edge roll 1 to the drive shaft.

Therefore, parts such as a gear mechanism for connecting the flat roll shaft to the drive shaft, as seen in the follower device, are not required, and the structure is simplified. (2) When adjusting the clearance between the rolls, since the flat roll 2 is free, the clearance can be adjusted by moving only the free shaft 4 of the flat roll 2.

In other words, the clearance can be adjusted by changing the spacers 42 and 43 and using spacers of different thicknesses, and there is no need to modify the drive mechanism.
'3' If the cutting blade 11 of the cutting blade roll is worn out,
The cutting edge 11 can be re-sharpened and used again.

In this case, the reduction in the outer diameter of the cutting edge roll 1 due to re-sharpening only causes a change in the clearance, and requires time-consuming processes such as machining the flat roll 2 and adjusting the rotational speed of the cutting edge roll 1. do not. Next, the cutting blade 11 of the cutting blade roll will be explained.

As described above, the cutting blades 11 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting blade roll at the same height in the diametrical direction of the roll and continuously in the middle direction of the roll, from one side of the cutting blade roll to the other side. It is preferable that the cutting edge has a convex cross-section and continues throughout the roll, that is, in the middle direction of the roll. This is to cut the material between the cutting edge of the cutting blade 11 and the outer surface of the flat roll,
This is because if the cutting edge is uneven or discontinuous, the material will not be cut at the lower parts of the cutting edge or at the ends of the cutting edge. Note that even if the cutting blade 11 is formed parallel to the shaft like the teeth of a spur gear (hereinafter referred to as a flat blade),
Alternatively, the blades may be formed at a constant angle to the axis like the teeth of a helical gear (hereinafter referred to as helical blades). Although the helical blade is more difficult to process than the flat blade, it has the advantage of having a cutting torque that is about 20% smaller and less torque fluctuation, which allows for smoother operation. In addition, when the cutting blade 11 is a helical blade, the thrust load generated during cutting can be offset by making the cutting blade 11 shaped like the teeth of a blade gear. Cutting blade 11
The clearance angle and rake angle of will affect the cutting torque.

It can be seen that the smaller the clearance angle and rake angle, the smaller the cutting torque. However, the shape of the blade should be considered in consideration of the hardness of the material to be cut, the durability of the cutting blade, etc., and the optimum shape can be selected according to the material and operating conditions. Note that the clearance between the cutting blade roll and the flat roll 2 is set at 0 of the thickness of the material to be cut, as in general shearing processing.
．． Approximately 8% is sufficient. However, the thinner the material to be cut and the more ductile the material, the smaller the clearance should be set. Therefore, on the contrary, if the material is relatively hard, the clearance should be set relatively large. However, the apparatus of the above embodiment cannot cut the material in both the vertical and horizontal directions, that is, in two dimensions. Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention apparatus equipped with a set of stepped cutting edge rolls and a stepped flat roll will be explained. This embodiment uses a stepped cutting edge roll 1' shown in FIG. 2 in place of the cutting edge roll 1 and flat roll 2 used in the apparatus shown in FIG.
is a ring-shaped roll of two types with different diameters, each of which has three cutting blade roll sections 12 and 13 stacked alternately on each outer surface, each having a large number of cutting edges with continuous cutting edges from one side to the other. , which is integrally fixed to the drive shaft 3 with a key (not shown) and held from both sides by ring-shaped guides 14.

On the other hand, the stepped flat roll 2' consists of three ring-shaped flat roll members 22, 23 of two types with different diameters, each having a flat outer surface, which correspond to the cutting edge roll sections 12, 13, and are stacked alternately. Each flat roll member is mounted on the shaft 4 so that it can rotate freely regardless of other flat roll members, and is held at a fixed position from both sides by ring-shaped guides 24. Here, the sum of the diameters of the pair of mutually corresponding cutting blade roll members 12 and flat roll member 22 is configured to be equal to the sum of the diameters of the other pair of cutting blade roll members 13 and flat roll member 23. ing. Therefore, each pair of the cutting blade roll member and the flat roll member has the same effect as the cutting blade roll 1 and the flat roll 2 shown in FIG. 1. Furthermore, when the stepped cutting edge roll 1' and the stepped flat roll 2' are combined, it functions as a slit cutter. That is, the material to be cut is sheared in the circumferential direction at the outer circumferential ends of the cutting blade roll member 13 and the flat roll member 22 with a large diameter, which are adjacent to each other, to form a slit shape. Therefore, the material supplied between the stepped cutting blade roll 1' and the stepped flat roll 2' is cut into slits between the two rolls by the rotation of the stepped cutting blade roll 1', and then the material is cut into slits between the two rolls. The cutting edges of the blade roll sections 12 and 13 are pressed between the outer surfaces of the flat roll sections 22 and 23 to cut parallel to the drive shaft 3 and the free shaft 4. Note that the clearance between the large-diameter double-edged roll member 13 that functions as a slit cutter and the flat roll member 22 is preferably about 0.8% of the thickness of the material to be cut.
This clearance is provided by the large diameter cutting blade roll member 13 and the large diameter flat. Inside the village 22, they correspond to small diameter flats. This can be ensured by thinning the inside of the roll member 23 and the small cutting edge roll member 12 by an amount equivalent to twice the amount of clearance thereof. In addition, if the thickness of the material to be cut is about three sides or less, it is possible to cut a set of roll members constituting one stepped roll without having to relatively fix the position of each roll member. A constant gap may be provided as a whole.

In this case, this is achieved by fixing the gap between the pair of ring-shaped guides using ring-shaped guides 14 or 24 that constrain both sides of the pair of stepped rolls. In this case, the gap between adjacent roll members naturally varies, but
By adjusting the gap between the pair of ring-shaped guides according to the thickness or quality of the material, the material can be cut without problems. Another condition for this device to function as a slit cutter is the diametrical direction of the portion where the large-diameter flat roll member 22 and the large-diameter cutting blade roll member 13 overlap each other, as shown in FIG. The length (T) is always greater than the height of the cutting edge of the cutting edge roll member 13.

If this condition is not satisfied, there will be a portion near the bottom of the cutting edge of the cutting edge roll member 13 where the gap between the cutting edge roll member 13 and the peripheral edge of the flat roll member 22 do not overlap, and the material The shear force no longer acts. Therefore, the material cannot be cut in this area. Stepped flat roll 2'
As described above, each of the flat roll members 22 and 23 constituting the roll member must be able to freely rotate with respect to each of the other flat roll members. For this reason, it is preferable to provide a thrust bearing between the adjacent flat roll members 22, 23, or to install a needle bearing or the like between each flat roll member 22, 23 and the free shaft 4. The inventors have created a stepped blade roll 1' shown in FIG. 2, which has an inner diameter of 6 mm, a cutting edge diameter of 9 ribs, and a thickness of 1 inch. Three 10-thick willow cutting blade roll members were stacked one on top of the other alternately, keyed to a drive shaft with a diameter of 6 mm, and held on both sides by ring-shaped guide plates.

Next, as the stepped flat roll 2', the inner roll 60 side, the outer diameter 99
On the side, a flat roll member with a thickness of 1 inch, an inner diameter of 60 willow, an outer diameter of 9
Put together 3 flat roll members each with 3 ribs and 1 rib thickness, insert a free shaft with 60 ribs in diameter, and fit ring-shaped guide plates from both sides, so that each flat roll member can move freely on the free shaft. We created a device that can be rotated. Then, insert the stepped cutting edge roll 1' and the stepped flat roll 2' into the bearings of the housing 5 shown in FIG.
By selecting the smoothers 42 and 43, the clearance between the stepped cutting edge roll 1' and the stepped flat roll 2' can be set to 0.0.
I set it to one leg. In addition, it is preferable to set the interval between each cutting edge roll member constituting the stepped cutting edge roll 1' and the interval between the flat roll members constituting the stepped flat roll 2' to be 0.01 Yanagi. In this case, we did not set the interval exactly to 0.01 fence, but we used stepped cutting blade roll 1' and flat roll 2 with
After installing ', the spaces between the cutting edge roll members and between the flat roll members were adjusted using a mallet so that each flat roll member of the stepped flat roll 2' could rotate freely. After manufacturing the device of this embodiment in this way, in order to investigate the effects of this device, the drive shaft 3 was driven by a motor and a metal piece (JIS G3141 SPCC) with a thickness of 0.8 was continuously stepped. It was placed between the cutting edge roll 1' and the stepped flat roll 2'. As a result, a cutting chip with 1 rib in the horizontal direction and 9 ribs in the vertical direction was obtained. Furthermore, by changing the material to be cut and processing cutting waste having a continuously curved shape (according to JIS G3102SI) in the same manner as above, it was possible to continuously cut the cutting waste into small pieces.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the rotary cutting device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the cutting blade roll and flat roll used in the rotary cutting device of the present invention. FIG.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates a cutting blade roll, 2 a flat roll, 3 a drive shaft, 4 a free shaft, 5 a housing, 1' a stepped cutting blade roll, and 2' a stepped flat roll. Figure 1 Figure 2

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a cutting device that cuts a workpiece between the outer circumferential surfaces of a pair of mutually parallel roll-shaped rotating bodies, one of the rotating bodies is forcibly driven, and the outer circumferential surface thereof is A cutting blade roll having a large number of protruding cutting edges having the same height in the diametrical direction and whose cutting edges are continuous in the width direction of the rotating body, and the other rotating body is rotatable and its outer peripheral surface is a flat roll with a flat surface, and the above-mentioned cutting blade roll is a ring-shaped roll having at least two protruding cutting blades with different outer diameters and a large number of protruding cutting blades whose cutting edges are continuous from one side to the other side on the outer peripheral surface. The stepped roll is made of a cutting blade roll member, and the flat roll is a ring-shaped roll with a flat outer peripheral surface corresponding to the cutting blade roll member.
The stepped flat roll is a stepped flat roll in which at least two flat roll members are coaxially combined in a mutually rotatable manner, and the mutually corresponding pair of the cutting edge roll members and the flat roll member have substantially the same thickness, and further, The sum of the diameters of the pair of mutually corresponding cutting blade roll members and the diameter of the flat roll member is substantially equal to the sum of the diameters of the other pair of cutting blade roll members and the diameter of the flat roll member. Rotary cutting device characterized by equality. 2. The rotary cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the cutting blade is a protruding flat blade whose cutting edge is parallel to the rotation axis. 3. The rotary cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the cutting edge has a protruding helical tooth shape that forms a constant angle with respect to the rotation axis.