JPS6052318B2 - Swash plate compressor - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to improvements in swash plate compressors.

Conventional swash plate compressors, such as those used in automobile air conditioners, require excessive horsepower to rotate the compressor at startup and at high speeds.ノrr, ) hi, ke′T, 4-,”ι ′T,
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Additionally, some air conditioners used in applications other than automobiles have a throttling mechanism as a measure against horsepower, but this throttling mechanism also connects the throttling valve to the piping that introduces refrigerant from the evaporator to the compressor. It was hot. Therefore, in the conventional swash plate compressor used in the former type of automobile air conditioner, the heat exchange capacity of the refrigeration cycle's heat exchanger, such as the evaporator and condenser, is reduced, especially when the compressor is running at high speed. The compression capacity exceeds that required, which only causes the engine to consume extra horsepower, resulting in poor engine fuel efficiency.

In addition, especially when starting the compressor, the driving force of the engine is transmitted to the compressor by engaging the electromagnetic clutch.
Excessive shaft torque suddenly acts on the electromagnetic clutch, leading to significant wear and tear on the electromagnetic clutch, shortening the life of the clutch. In addition, in the case of the latter, which was used for purposes other than automobile air conditioners, a special throttle valve had to be manufactured, which led to an increase in price, and the compressor became larger due to the volume occupied by the throttle valve itself. There was a problem.

The present invention has been devised to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks,
Of the elastic metal plate interposed between the cylinder block and the valve plate and having a suction valve, the part facing the sub-suction chamber/suction chamber communication hole of the valve plate is moved in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the refrigerant, that is, on the cylinder block side. By deviating from the direction of the compressor and placing the throttle valve function in line with the elastic metal plate, it is possible to reduce the horsepower required when starting the compressor and when using it at high speeds, and it is also extremely easy to manufacture. It costs almost nothing to produce, and it is small and
An object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor having a lightweight throttle valve.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an example in which the compressor of the present invention is used in an air conditioner for an automobile will be explained based on an embodiment shown in the drawings.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, a shaft 1 is connected to an automobile engine serving as a drive source via an electromagnetic clutch (not shown), and is rotated by the driving force of the engine. A swash plate 2 is fixed to the shaft 1 with a key and rotates together with the shaft 1. Rotation of the swash plate 2 causes a piston 5 to reciprocate via a shoe 3 and a ball 4.

6 is a cylinder portion 6 that supports the reciprocating movement of the piston 5.
A cylinder block 6b is a sub-suction chamber formed within the cylinder block 6.

Reference numeral 7 denotes an inlet that communicates with an evaporator (not shown) and introduces refrigerant into the sub-suction chamber 6a in the cylinder block 6.

Housings 8 are located on both sides of the cylinder block 6 and communicate with the sub-suction chamber 6b of the cylinder block through a communication hole 9a in the valve plate 9. A suction chamber 8a is formed in the housing 8 at a portion that directly communicates with the sub-suction chamber 6b through the communication hole 9a. A discharge chamber 8b is formed at a position facing the piston 5. 10 is a disk-shaped elastic metal plate made of an elastic metal, for example, spring steel, interposed between the valve plate 9 and the cylinder block 6, and the piston of this elastic metal plate 10. As shown in FIG. 3, a U-shaped notch is provided at a position facing the valve plate 9 to form the suction valve 10a, and a U-shaped notch is also provided at a position facing the communication hole 9a of the valve plate 9. Furthermore, the notch is deflected toward the sub-suction chamber 6b of the cylinder block 6 to form a throttle valve 10b.

Note that FIG. 3 is a front view showing this elastic metal plate 10 as viewed from the cylinder block 3 side, and the six holes 10c drilled around the periphery are mounting holes; The hole 10d is a hole through which the shaft 1 passes, and the throttle valve 10
Of the two holes 10e and 10f that open at positions 120 mm apart in the circumferential direction from b, the smaller hole 7e located at the lower side in the figure communicates with an oil chamber 13, which will be described later, and a suction chamber 8a in the housing 8. It is a hole that circulates lubricating oil.
The remaining larger hole 10f is a hole that communicates the sub-discharge chamber (not shown) in the cylinder block 5 with the discharge chamber 8b in the housing 6, and the hole 10g drilled near the suction valve 10a is a hole in the cylinder block 5. This is a discharge port that allows communication between the cylinder portion 6a of the barrel 3 and the discharge chamber 8b in the housing 6.
Reference numeral 11 denotes a radial bearing using a normal needle bearing, and an outer race is fixed to the cylinder block 6, and an inner race rotatably holds the shaft 1.

Reference numeral 12 denotes a thrust bearing, which is located between the cylinder block 6 and the swash plate 2 and absorbs the force applied in the thrust direction (axial direction) of the swash plate 2, that is, when the swash plate 2 reciprocates the piston. It supports the reaction force received.

Reference numeral 13 denotes an oil chamber formed below the shaft 1, which is normally filled with lubricating oil. A swash plate chamber 14 is formed to cover the rotating portion of the swash plate, and communicates with the oil chamber 13 through a communication hole 14a, so that lubricating oil can freely enter and exit between the swash plate chamber 11 and the oil chamber 13. It's getting old.

Reference numeral 15 denotes a shaft seal, which is located between the housing 8 that is located closer to the drive source among the housings 8 and the shaft 1, and seals between the housing 8 and the shaft 1 to prevent the refrigerant gas and lubricating oil inside the Lompressor from leaking to the outside. This shall maintain confidentiality between the parties.

Next, the operation of the swash plate compressor having the above configuration will be explained in detail.

An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is inserted into the shaft 1 and swash plate 2.
When the refrigerant gas starts to rotate, the refrigerant gas vaporized by an evaporator (not shown) is introduced into the sub-suction chamber 6b of the cylinder block 6 through the inlet 7, passes through the communication hole 9a of the valve plate 9, and enters the suction of the left and right housings 8. It flows into chamber 8a.

When the piston 5, which reciprocates within the cylinder portion 6a as the swash plate 2 rotates, enters the suction stroke, the refrigerant gas is supplied to the elastic metal plate 1 from the suction port (not shown) of the valve plate 5.
The air is sucked into the cylinder portion 6a through the suction valve 10a formed at 0. Next, when the piston 5 moves to the compression stroke, the suction port is closed by the suction valve 10a, and the cylinder portion 6a is closed.
The refrigerant gas inside is discharged to the discharge chamber 8b in the housing 8 through the discharge port 9b in the valve plate 9 and the discharge valve 16, and then again through the discharge side communication hole (not shown) in the valve plate 9 (the elastic metal plate shown in FIG. 2). 10, the refrigerant gas flows out from 10f) into the sub-discharge chamber (not shown) in the cylinder block 6, and then becomes high temperature and high pressure in the compression stroke of the piston 5, and is sent to the condenser (not shown) from the discharge port (not shown). The operation of the throttle valve 10b, which is a feature of the present invention, will be explained below.

The throttle valve 10b is formed by bending the elastic metal plate 10 at a position facing the communication hole 9a of the valve plate 9 in the opposite direction of the flow direction of the refrigerant gas, that is, toward the sub-suction chamber 6b side of the cylinder block 6. , and the elastic metal plate 10 is made of spring steel, and when the flow rate of refrigerant gas is low, the pressure difference across the throttle valve 10b is small, so the throttle valve 10b uses its own spring force as shown in FIG. 4A. As a result, the refrigerant gas largely warps toward the sub-suction chamber 6b, widening the opening area of the communication hole 9a, and conversely, when the pressure difference across the throttle valve 10b increases, the pressure of the refrigerant gas overcomes the spring force of the throttle valve 10b, and as shown in Fig. 4B. As shown, the opening area of the communication hole 9a is narrowed. Therefore, as when the compressor is started, the pressure in the suction chamber 8a suddenly decreases and the throttle valve 1
When the differential pressure around 0b increases, the throttle valve 10b narrows the opening area of the communication hole 9a and reduces the amount of refrigerant gas flowing in, thereby weakening the shaft torque applied to the shaft 1 and extending the life of the electromagnetic clutch.

Next, when the compressor is in steady operation and the compressor is running at medium to low speeds, the pressure difference before and after the throttle valve 10b is not very large, so the throttle valve 10b uses its own spring force to widen the opening area of the communication hole 9a and・A sufficient amount of refrigerant can be supplied to the heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle such as the evaporator.

Next, when the compressor enters a higher rotational speed range, the throttle valve 10
The pressure difference before and after b becomes larger than the spring force of the throttle valve 10b itself, and the throttle valve 10b is displaced according to this pressure difference to narrow the opening area of the communication hole 9a, so that only the compressor is connected to the other refrigeration unit. This prevents the supply of a compressed amount of refrigerant gas that exceeds the heat exchange capacity of the cycle, reduces wasted work, eliminates the need for the engine to consume extra horsepower, and helps improve engine fuel efficiency. .

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiment, a swash plate type compressor used in an automobile air conditioner was explained, but it should be noted that the compressor of the present invention is not limited to automobile air conditioners and can be used in a wide range of general applications. Not even.

As explained above, the compressor of the present invention has the advantage of being able to have a throttle valve function that reduces the amount of refrigerant gas supplied when the compressor is started up and at high rotation speeds, thereby reducing the excessive horsepower required. In addition, since the throttle valve 10b is integrally formed with a metal elastic plate, it is very easy to manufacture, requires almost no manufacturing cost, and is small and lightweight. It will be done.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the compressor of the present invention.
It shows a cross section at a position corresponding to the line X--X shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the compressor of the present invention.
It shows a cross section at a position corresponding to the Y-Y line shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a front view showing one embodiment of the plate of the compressor of the present invention, and FIG. 4 AB is a partial sectional view illustrating the function of the throttle valve of the compressor of the present invention. 1...shaft,
2... Swash plate, 5... Piston, 6...
...Cylinder block, 6a...Cylinder part,
6b... Sub-suction chamber, 8... Housing, 8a... Suction chamber, 8b... Discharge chamber, 9...
... Valve plate, 10 ... Elastic metal plate, 10b ... Throttle valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A shaft that rotates by the driving force of a drive source, a swash plate that is fixed to this shaft and rotates together with the shaft, a piston that reciprocates in response to the rotation of this swash plate, and supports the reciprocating movement of this piston. A cylinder block having a cylinder portion and a sub-suction chamber, a housing disposed on the end face of the cylinder block via a valve plate and having a suction chamber and a discharge chamber, and a suction valve interposed between the cylinder block and the valve plate. In the swash plate compressor, a position of the elastic metal plate where the sub-suction chamber of the cylinder block and the suction chamber of the housing communicate with each other is bent toward the cylinder block side, and the cylinder A swash plate compressor characterized in that a throttle valve that elastically deforms based on the pressure in the sub-suction chamber of the block and the pressure in the suction chamber of the housing and throttles the communication port between the two chambers is integrally molded with the elastic metal plate. .