JPS6053885B2 - temperature control device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention mainly uses heat conduction among the three methods of heating an object to be heated: radiation heating, convection heating, and conduction heating, and uses heat conduction to directly touch the human body or cover the human body. This invention relates to temperature control devices used in electric blankets, electric blankets, electric floor heaters, etc.

In particular, the intended points of the present invention will be described in comparison with conventional problems.

First, as an issue regarding the sense of warmth in the human body, electric blankets,
Electric floor heaters and the like use a heating system that transmits the heat generated by the heater almost directly to the heat generating load through thermal conduction, and then to the human body that comes into contact with it. The temperature must be close to high. On the other hand, as an example, in the case of radiant heating using a red-hot heater, the heater temperature is high, so even if the heater control temperature changes slightly, the human body's sense of warmth is not affected much. However, electric blankets, electric blankets, etc. For lower heaters etc.
Because it directly touches the human body and heats it by conduction, a slight deviation in the temperature control can greatly affect the sense of warmth. Especially when I wanted to warm up a little during the change of seasons such as spring and autumn, it was too hot unless I adjusted the temperature setting slightly to match the human body's body temperature.
There was a problem of cold and drizzling. This problem occurs due to the delicate balance between the human body's body temperature and the heat generation load temperature, and is a problem with devices that directly touch the human body and provide a sense of warmth, such as electric blankets and electric floor heaters. In addition to the conventional temperature proportional control, the present invention has a setting range that allows the human body to feel the temperature of a heating element such as a heater (several degrees Celsius).
) is added to the swinging temperature hysteresis control to provide a stimulating and appropriate sense of warmth even when the average heating temperature is low. Next, as an issue with heat storage in futons before going to bed with electric blankets, electric mattresses, etc., and rapid heating with electric floor heaters, conventional methods have been to leave them at a higher temperature than normal use for a while, and then return them to the original normal temperature. The most common method was to return to

To return to the original set temperature, there are two methods: a manual method in which a human determines the appropriate time and changes the setting, a timer reset that is activated by electricity, or a method that detects that the temperature has become high and returns the set temperature to the original value. Either temperature recovery is used. All of these problems make it difficult to achieve sufficient and optimal heat storage in futons, etc., or rapid heating effects. Therefore, the present invention provides a temperature control system that maintains the high temperature for a predetermined period after reaching the set high temperature, and a timer. This is intended to provide sufficient heat storage, rapid heating effects, etc. by adding a strong scale temperature control method for combined use. In addition, the configuration allows selection of temperature hysteresis control and proportional control, and also uses a temperature and timer configuration to maintain a strong scale temperature. This can meet the needs of users for selective use of electric blankets, electric floor heaters, etc. that require delicate control at high temperatures.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an outline of an electric blanket or electric sheet as an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a power plug for connecting to an AC 100 volt power source, 2 is a controller box, and 3 is a heated object, which is a blanket for an electric blanket and a bed sheet for an electric bed. 4 is a connection cord, 5 is a connector, 6 is a heater, 7 is a temperature sensor arranged to detect the temperature of the heated object 3, 8 is a power switch, and 9 is a temperature setting for setting the temperature of the heated object 3 The knob 10 is a switch for changing the temperature of the heated object 3 between two control modes as shown in FIG.

One of the two control modes is a proportional control mode in which the temperature of the heated object 3 is always controlled to be a constant temperature, and the other is a proportional control mode in which the temperature of the heated object 3 is controlled within a predetermined temperature range. It is a swinging hysteresis control mode.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a switch for starting strong scale operation, and by selectively operating this switch, two control modes are selected as shown in FIG.

One is that the heated object 3 is heated at a high scale temperature for a predetermined period regardless of the temperature set by the temperature setting knob 9, and then the temperature returns to the temperature set by the temperature setting knob 9 and the temperature increases. It is a high hold mode to control. the other one
One is control without the above-mentioned high hold function, that is, a normal mode in which control is performed at the temperature set by the temperature setting knob 9. 12 is a power pilot lamp, and 13 is a pilot lamp that lights up when the heater 6 is energized.

FIG. 2 shows the entire electrical circuit in one embodiment of the present invention.

In Figure 2, 1 is a power plug, 8 is a power switch,
14 is a thermal fuse. Reference numeral 15 denotes a noise filter section of the power supply, which is composed of a choke coil 16, a capacitor 17, and a surge absorber 18.

12 is a power pilot lamp, and 64 is a support resistor for the lamp 12.

19 is a circuit that obtains the control power supply Vcc, and the diode 2
0, resistors 21 and 22, capacitors 23 and 24, and Zener diode 25.

Reference numeral 26 denotes a temperature setting circuit, which is composed of a volume 27 whose resistance value changes depending on the setting of the temperature setting knob 9, and a limiting resistor 28.

Reference numeral 29 denotes a temperature detection circuit, which includes a neon lamp 30 as a pulse trigger element, a capacitor 31, a resistor 32, a pulse transformer 33, and a temperature sensor 7.

The temperature sensor 7 has a configuration as shown in FIG.
This is a string-like sensor in which a winding 36 is wound around a coil 9 in a coil shape, the outer periphery of which is covered with a temperature-sensitive material 38 made of a plastic thermistor, a winding 37 is wound around the outer periphery, and the outer skin 40 is also covered. The interlayer impedance 4 between the windings 36 and 37 has the characteristics shown in FIG. 5, as the characteristics of the temperature-sensitive material 38 change depending on the temperature. In this temperature detection circuit 29, a setting resistance Rx (volume 2
The sum of the value R7 of 7 and the value R28 of the limiting resistor 28, RX=R7
! The voltage is divided by +R28) and the impedance B of the temperature sensor 7, and the interlayer voltage between the windings 36 and 37 Z7
When becomes larger than the discharge starting voltage ■BO of the neon lamp 30, that is, when ■80<■Z7, the neolamp 30 is triggered and an output is output from the pulse transformer 33 via the capacitor 31 and the resistor 32. At this time, the temperature of the heated body 3 is low. When VBO>VZ7, the neon lamp 30 is not triggered. At this time, the temperature of the heated object 3 is high. Reference numeral 41 denotes a control circuit which is the main body of control, and is composed of an integrated circuit (hereinafter simply referred to as IC).

This IC has pins numbered 1-16. resistance 42
Detects the AC line voltage and synchronizes the IC4l with AC. Strong scale holding switch contacts 56″, 56
'' has a configuration that is closed by pulling the strong scale holding knob 11, and is connected to a pin of the IC 4l. 43 is a C.R circuit for triggering a thyristor 47, which will be described later, and is composed of a resistor 44 and a capacitor 45.

Trigger C. In the R circuit 43, the temperature detection circuit 29
Output (output when the temperature of the heated object is lower than the set value)
is received at the 2nd pin of C4l, and the capacitor 45 is charged via the resistor 44 by the output from the 14th pin. Then, at the zero point where the AC line voltage turns to the positive cycle and crosses zero voltage, it is discharged through pin 13 and 1
The zero cross of the thyristor 47 is triggered from the 2nd pin. 46 is a gate resistor, and 47 is a thyristor that drives the heater 6.

The heater 6 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 4, in which a heater wire 48 is coiled around a core wire 51, the outer periphery of the heater wire 48 is covered with a hot-melt resin 50, and a safety wire 49 is coiled around the outer periphery of the heater wire 48. This is a string-like heater covered with a skin 52. If this heater 6 reaches an abnormally high temperature due to some kind of accident, the resin 50 will melt and the heater wire 48 and safety wire 49 will come into contact with each other. Then, a large current flows through the circuit between point A, heater wire 48, contact part, safety wire 49, resistor 55, and point B in FIG. Perform a safety action to shut off the power. Under normal conditions, a minute current of a temperature detection signal flows through the circuit of the resistor 55, the safety wire 49, the temperature sensor 7, and the temperature setting volume 27, but this current does not cause the resistor 55 to generate heat. Next, to explain the configuration related to the strong scale retention release function, pin 10 of IC4l is the release output terminal for the strong scale retention function, and when the gate resistor 53 and thyristor 54 are triggered, the coil 56 is energized. , the contacts 56'' and 562 of the strong scale holding switch are opened. Next, the configuration related to the safety operation of the thyristor 47 in the self-triggered state will be explained. 57 is a resistor, and the terminal of the thyristor 47 that drives the heater 6 is This is to check the voltage.There is no output from the temperature detection circuit 29,
Therefore, the state in which the thyristor 47 is in half-wave conduction even though there is no input to the 2nd pin of the IC 4l is a dangerous state in which the thyristor 47 is self-triggering. In this state, the terminal voltage of the thyristor 47 is received at the 15th pin of the IC4l via the resistor 57, a logical operation is performed within the IC4l, and a trigger output of the thyristor 58 is outputted from the 11th pin. As a result, the thyristor 58 becomes conductive, and the resistor 58 becomes conductive.
9 generates heat, heats and blows the thermal fuse 14, and performs a safety operation of shutting off the power supply. Next, we will explain the safety function when a complete short circuit failure occurs in the thyristor 47. At this time, excessive power is applied to the heater 6, which is dangerous. A cycle of voltage is applied thereby causing resistor 62 to
generates heat, heats and melts the thermal fuse 14, and shuts off the power supply. FIG. 8 shows the control block of IC4l.

In FIG. 8, the inside of IC4l is surrounded by a two-dot chain line. Further, among the external parts of IC4l, parts not related to the gist of the present invention are omitted. In Fig. 8, A is a reset section, B is a zero pulse generation section, and the zero cross voltage of the AC line voltage, which is the time base for C control, is connected to the resistor 42.
to create a zero-cross pulse. C is a waveform shaping section which receives the output of the temperature sensor 7 in the form of pulses via a pulse transformer 33 and shapes it into a designated waveform. D is a 2-bit frequency dividing unit, which inputs the temperature detection output of the waveform shaping unit C,
A trigger pulse for the thyristor 47 is generated when the AC line voltage goes positive or goes negative. A charging amplifier section E charges a capacitor 45 via a resistor 44. F is a discharge amplifier section which takes in the charge accumulated in the capacitor 45 from the 13th pin and discharges it from the 12th pin to trigger the thyristor 47. G is. A hysteresis control switch receives a signal from a switch 10, which is closed when hysteresis control is selected, from pin 4. H is a hysteresis control logic section, which stops the 2-bit frequency dividing section D for the time Δ shown in FIG. I is a first counter constructed by connecting n stages of T-type flip-flops, and counts the power supply frequency for the ΔTA time explained in the above-mentioned hysteresis control circuit H. During this period, the thyristor 47
stop. When the counter I times up, the reset section A sends the hysteresis control logic section H to the hysteresis control logic section H.
is reset and a trigger is given to the thyristor 47 again. K is a second counter constructed by connecting n stages of T-type flip-flops, and determines a strong scale maintenance period Δ, which will be described later. J is a strong scale holding switch. When the strong scale holding knob 11 is operated, the contacts 56'' and 5J6'' are closed.
Since the temperature setting volume 27 is short-circuited by the closing of the contact 56'', the maximum temperature is set regardless of the setting of the volume 27.Furthermore, when the contact 56'' is closed from the 3rd pin, the strong scale maintenance is switched. Section J directly connects counter 2 for hysteresis control and counter K for strong scale holding, and counts the strong holding time ΔTH shown in FIG. 7 using counters I and K. Furthermore, if the strong scale holding switching unit J is set to strong scale holding even during hysteresis control operation, the function of the hysteresis control switching unit G will be lost during the strong scale operation as shown in Figure 7, and the proportional L is a memory for holding the strong scale. This memory L is for sharing the first counter I as a lower counter for holding the strong scale, and when the strong scale is set. is configured such that the signal when the first counter I times out is stored in the memory L, and the input is input to the second counter K for holding the strong scale.M is an output amplifier for canceling the strong scale holding; The thyristor 54 is triggered by the amplifier output, and the contacts 56'' and 56'' for holding the strong scale are opened by the coil 56.In addition, detection of a diode failure of the thyristor 47, that is, detection of self-triggering, is performed using the terminal voltage of the thyristor 47. This is done by the logic of the terminal voltage detection section N and the waveform shaping section C.For example, even though there is no output from the waveform shaping section C,
When there is no input voltage to the voltage detector N, it is abnormal (self-triggered state), so the output is output at this timing in synchronization with the timing detector 0, which switches at an appropriate phase of the positive cycle of the power supply. It is amplified by a self-trigger amplifier P. This output triggers the thyristor 58, and the thermal fuse 14 is blown by the heat generated by the resistor 59. FIG. 9 shows a logic diagram of the present electrical circuit.

Each block A-Q in FIG. 8 is surrounded by a broken line in FIG. In FIG. 9, G1 to G28 are gates made by the IIL process, the input is equivalent to the base of a transistor, and the output is an open collector multi-transistor type. RS1 to RS5 are reset/set type flip-flops, which are also manufactured using the IIL process. T is a T-shaped flip-flop, and the input is shown as 〒 and the output as Q. Moreover, aQ shown by a solid square block is an analog circuit made with a normal bipolar configuration. Before explaining the logic with reference to FIG. 9, the bipolar section from a to Q will be explained. First, a reset voltage detection circuit a based on the control power supply VcO of the reset unit A will be described.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show examples of the circuit, and FIG. 12 shows the waveforms of its operation. In Figures 10 and 11, 1
■ Pin control power supply. . As the voltage is increased from 0V, the transistor is off until a certain threshold VR, and this VR
When it exceeds S, it enters the on region. Is this threshold ■RS a transistor? When the base-emitter voltage VBE of ~A4 is assumed, the voltage becomes VR3=3×VBE. In the circuit shown in Fig. 10, the transistor A4 and the transistor constitute a current mirror circuit, and from the point where ■Cc≧■R, a current 11 begins to flow through the resistor a1, and a current approximately equal to this current 1 flows through the transistor A4. is drawn between the collector and emitter of.
In the circuit of FIG. 11, in order to operate the current mirror of the circuit of FIG. 10 as a current amplifier, the transistor A
4 is changed to resistance ~. FIG. 12 shows this operation.

When the power switch 8 is turned on, the capacitors 23 and 24 of the power supply section 19 turn on the control power source ■. . Figure 12 AO) VC
Like C, it increases with time. If VRS is the reset voltage, the transistor A5 is off until time TR2, as shown in the waveform B in Figure 12, and after this time TR2, VCC>RS, so the transistor A5 is completely turned on at time Δt. becomes. Now, assuming that the operating voltage of the logic section is ■, the logic section enters normal operation at time TRl, but during this period it is reset by transistor A5, and at time TR2, transistor A5 turns on and the logic section starts operating normally. The reset is canceled. Also, when the current is amplified from the count mirror, as shown in the waveform of Figure 12B, the switching time of the transistor Δ
t is shorted to show good operation. FIG. 13 is another circuit example of the reset voltage detection circuit a, in which the transistor A
The reset threshold voltage VR, which is obtained by transistors A2, a3, and a4, is detected by the differential amplifier configured by transistors 7 and a8, and Vcc, which is determined by this voltage RS and the divided voltage of resistors Al3 and al4. determines the operation of the transistor.

In short, the reset voltage detection circuit a is controlled by the control power supply ■ from the time when the power is turned on. . When the control power supply Vcc is lower than the set threshold value Vl, the transistor is turned off and the logic section is reset. Next, the zero voltage detection circuit b of the zea/malus generating section B will be explained.

FIG. 14 shows an example of the circuit, and FIG. 15 shows the waveforms of its operation. In the circuit shown in FIG. 14, when the power supply voltage ■^c is applied between the 16th pin and the 5th pin, the power supply voltage ■9. In the vicinity where the voltage crosses zero voltage, the waveform “Bl4 of V” in Fig. 15
This is to obtain the Vcl of "CE" and "Bl9.
The power supply voltage in Figure 15 ■Eh. The operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 14 will be explained based on the time TO when the voltage is zero. When the power supply voltage applied to pin 16 ■ AC starts to go positive, the voltage shown in Fig. 15 appears between the collector and emitter of transistor Bll.
The current shown in "IC8" of Bll begins to flow.

At this time, the power supply voltage VAO is the base voltage of the transistor Bl, that is, the base emitter voltage of the transistor B biased by the resistor BO, is used as the bias voltage, and the base-emitter voltage of the transistor BLL is BE
This is when 2VBE≠■BE+VBES is exceeded. This time ΔTp is expressed by the following formula, where f is the power supply frequency.

This ICE of transistor Bll turns on the current mirror made up of transistors Bl3 and Bl4 via transistor Bl2, and as shown in FIG.
.

. ”. Thereafter, the power supply voltage VAC exceeds the peak value and begins to turn negative, and is still just before time t1, that is, ■AC≧2■8. Transistor I continues to be turned on until. After that, when VAO<2VBE, transistor Bl4 is turned off, so "■ of Bl4" in FIG.
8" waveform.

Note that the transistor BIO forms a current mirror in pair with the transistor Bll. For reference, a current mirror consists of a base current ■B flowing through a resistor Kg and a resistor B
The collector current 10 flowing through the transistor 3 is approximately IB=Ic. ■. is a waveform shaping circuit, which was inserted to increase the switching speed of transistor Bl4, and has a configuration as shown in Figs. 16 and 17, which will be described later, and the input voltage phase and output of this circuit. It is configured to be in phase with the voltage phase. Next, when the power supply voltage VAC in FIG. 15 starts to go negative from zero voltage based on time t1, the base voltage of the transistor B15 is held at the base voltage of the transistor B18, that is, the aforementioned bias voltage VBES. If the base-emitter voltage of transistor Bl5 is ■BE, then VBI:〉V
BE3, ■BIl:, -■B8=-Δ■. When , it works as follows. In other words, the transistor Bl5 is the same as 1 above. Turns on when l>IVBml. At this time, the base current of the transistor Bl5 is the control power supply ■. .
Pass through the resistor duck, and pass from the base to the emitter of the transistor Bl5, and then the resistor? to the power supply VAC. This time is delayed by Δ with respect to time t1. Therefore, the collector of the transistor Bl5 has the 15th
In the figure, a current called "ICT of Bl5:" flows through the transistors Bl6, bl7 and Bl8, which constitute the count mirror.
bl9 is activated, and a waveform resulting in the voltage "to VCE" shown in FIG. 15 is obtained. This state continues until just before the clock expires. Also, VBE=■BES, VBES-V
When BE=0, the operation is as follows. Since the VBE of transistors Bl5 and Bl8 are the same, VAO=0
Since the transistor B15 operates at the time point V, the time ΔTN in FIG. 15 becomes Δ=0. That is, t1 and
At T2 time, “IcE of Bl5” and “Bl9 of Fig. 15
■. Perform the action "E". And VBE<VBE
S, ■ When BEf3-VBE=+ΔVBE, ~VB
Contrary to the case where E>VBES9■BES-■BEO-ΔVBE, the time ΔTN in FIG. 15 is inserted to the left, that is, in front of the time t1. However, ΔTp in Fig. 15
It never moves forward in time. In short, transistor Bl4
, bl9 are switched as shown in FIG. The output waveform is further processed by the waveform shaping section (2) shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. , ■1. In the circuit shown in FIG.
32), the output of the gate G3l becomes a sharp waveform.

The circuit shown in FIG. 17 is a waveform shaping section (2).

This is an example of using an amplifier with an IL configuration, including an injector resistor B2l, a gate consisting of transistors 2 and B23, and transistors B and 4 that amplify this current.
and an amplifier composed of B25. Next, the pulse detection circuit c of the waveform shaping section C will be explained. 18 shows an example of the circuit, and FIG. 19'' shows the waveform of its operation. In FIG. 18, when the temperature of the heated body 3 is low, the impedance between the windings 36 and 37 of the detection wire 4 is high.
Therefore, the power supply voltage (■9) in FIG. rises to a specified voltage, the interlayer voltage VZ7 of the detection line 7 increases to the neon lamp 30.
When the discharge starting voltage VBO of neon lamp 3 becomes higher than
0 triggers. Therefore, a pulse having the φ waveform shown in FIG. 19 is obtained in the secondary winding 35 of the pulse transformer 33. In the transformer 33, when the trigger pulse of the neon lamp 30 when the power supply voltage VAC is in the negative half cycle is transmitted from the primary winding to the secondary winding, the positive and negative are inverted, and 2
The polarity of the next winding is set so that a positive voltage pulse like the Tpl waveform can be obtained. Therefore, the power supply voltage VA
The configuration is such that the temperature is detected when O is in the negative cycle, and the Tp2 waveform generated in the positive cycle becomes a negative voltage, so it has no relation to subsequent operations and becomes invalid. Since the pulse voltage Tpl is applied between pins 2 and 5 in FIG. 18, the emitter follower transistor C3 is turned on.
This causes a current mirror consisting of transistors C4 and C5 to operate. That is, as shown in FIG. 19, transistor q is turned on for a time ΔTp. Pulse Tp2 is a negative voltage, and this pulse Tp2 is connected to transistor C6.
, through resistor C1 and transistor C3 is reverse biased, so transistor C5 is not turned on. Note that from time T3 to T in FIG. 19, the neon lamp 30 is not triggered, and the transistor q is not turned on. In short, the pulse detection circuit c in FIG. 18 has a power supply voltage of ■.

The pulse Tpl generated in the negative cycle of is received as an effective temperature detection signal. The amplifiers E and F for triggering the thyristor 47 will be explained. FIG. 20 shows an example of the circuit. In FIG. 20, when the output of the gate GlO falls to "0", the resistors El and E2 are biased and turned on, and the capacitor 45 is charged via the resistor 44. Then, when the power supply voltage AC crosses zero voltage, the gate Gll momentarily drops to "0", and the amplifier F is connected to the transistors F5 and F6 through the resistors A, , F2.
is biased and turns on. By this operation, the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor 45 is momentarily discharged in a pulsed manner, and 1
Thyristor 47 is triggered through pin 2. As will be described later, when the capacitor 45 is charged by the gate GlO, the gate Gll is "1" and no discharge signal is input. Next, a switching detection circuit G between the hysteresis control switching section G and the strong scale holding switching section J,
j will be explained.

FIG. 21 shows a circuit example of the hysteresis control switching section G, and FIG. 22 shows a circuit example of the strong scale maintenance switching section J. In FIG. 21, a current mirror is constructed by resistors t/Lgl, g2, and g3 and transistors G4 and g5. When the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is closed, the transistor & is turned off and the hysteresis control mode is set. The circuit configuration of the strong scale holding switching section J shown in FIG. 22 is exactly the same as the hysteresis control switching section G shown in FIG. Contact 5 of the strong scale holding switch
When 6'' is closed, the transistor 25 is turned off.Next, the self-trigger output amplifier P and the strong scale hold release output amplifier M will be explained.

FIG. 23 shows a circuit example of the self-trigger output amplifier P. In FIG. 23, when the output of gate 25 falls to "0", transistors P5 and P6 are turned on and thyristor 58 is triggered through pin 11. Note that the circuit configuration of the amplifier M for outputting strong scale hold release is the same as that shown in FIG. 23, so a description thereof will be omitted. Next, the voltage-detection circuit N and detection timing circuit 0 of the self-trigger detection section of the thyristor 47 will be explained. FIG. 24 shows examples of both circuits, and FIG. 25 shows waveforms of their operation. In FIG. 24, a voltage detection circuit N checks whether the thyristor 47 is on or off, and is composed of resistors Nl and n2 and transistors N3, n4, n5, n6, and n7. When the transistor t is turned on, the voltage ΔVa between the 15th pin and the 5th pin is
Assuming that the three base-emitter voltages of n6 are 3VBE, the following equation is obtained. On the other hand, the forward voltage drop VF between the anode and cathode of the thyristor 47 when the thyristor 47 is turned on is set to be Vp<3■Bε. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 25, when the thyristor 47 is off (no signal is applied to the gate), the transistor f is is shown in Figure 25 “y(
7) Collector current flows as shown in ``IcE''. As a result, the collector voltage of the transistor Shi is as shown in Fig. 25.
As shown in "Takumi's VcO", it becomes "0". Also, when the power supply voltage VAC crosses zero voltage toward the negative side, Iltjtl
"N, VClll:" is "0" until Δ<i>time before. Next, when the thyristor 47 is turned on, the transistors Rl4, n7
is off and maintains the Vcl of ~.In addition, in the self-trigger timing detection circuit 0, the power supply voltage VAO is applied to pin 16.The reference voltage of the transistors 011 and 012 that constitute the differential amplifier is The midpoint voltages V and T between 03 and 04 are 2.5VB, where VBE is the base-emitter voltage of the transistor.
E=■ST. The base-emitter voltage V8E of the transistor 08 is divided by the resistors 03 and 04 (03=0,) to give 0.5VBE. Therefore, during the time when the voltage at the 16th pin due to the power supply voltage VAO exceeds the voltage ST, the transistors 015 and 016 forming the current mirror are turned on, as are the transistors 012 and 013 and 014 forming the current mirror. This state is the second
It is displayed as time Δ in Figure 5. The voltage at pin 16 also serves as an input to zero cross generator B, as shown in FIG.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, the power supply voltage VAC is
2. From the point where B8 is exceeded, the current is shunted to zero cross generator B through resistor 1 shown in Figure 14, so the voltage at pins 16 and 5 rises gently from 2VBE as shown in Figure 25. . This voltage is 2. shown in FIG.
5■BE (means the fresh hold voltage VST of the differential amplifier composed of transistors 011 and 012)
The time exceeding this becomes Δ color. In this circuit, Δ
magazine〉Δ It is necessary to set it so that it is busy. Next, a circuit Q for taking out the intermediate output of the multi-stage first counter I will be explained.

FIG. 26 shows an example of the circuit. In Figure 26, the first
The counter I is a combination of n stages of T-type flip-flops T, and T! 1~T! X block and TIY-T
! . It is divided into two blocks. In this counter I, the output Q of one block. If X is directly connected to the input 〒Ty of the other block, it becomes a directly connected counter. However, when checking the function of a circuit, if the number of counter stages is large, even if a high-speed rectangular wave is inserted into the ↑ of the first stage, it will take too long for the output QIn of the final stage to appear. be. Therefore, when checking, disconnect the 8th and 9th pins and input the counter T! 1~T! Confirm the operation by checking the operation up to To save time, this circuit Q is inserted in the middle of counter I. In FIG. 26, transistors Q4 and q5 constitute a constant voltage source. Transistor Q6 serves as an output buffer, transistors Q7 and q8 serve as input buffers, and transistors Q7 and q8 have a current mirror configuration. Next, the control operation will be explained mainly with reference to FIG.

First, the operation in the proportional control mode shown in FIG. 6 will be explained.

At this time, the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is open, and the contacts 56'', 56'' of the strong scale holding switch are open. In this state, turn on the power switch 8 and make sure that the temperature of the heated object 3 is low. Then, the driving operation shown in FIG. 27 is performed. First, the flip-flop RSl of the waveform shaping section C is reset by the gate Gl3 of the zero pulse generating section B shown in FIG. 9 when the gate Gl3 is "0" as shown in FIG. In other words, the power supply voltage VAC is a positive half cycle. , and for a short period of the negative cycle. Thereafter, when a pulse Tpl from the temperature sensor 7 is generated, the flip-flop RS1 is set. At this time, the output O of the flip-flop RSl changes from "1" to "o"
Therefore, the gate G changes from [0] to "1", and the gate GlO changes from "1" to "0". “0” of gate GlO
This turns on the amplifier E and starts charging the capacitor 45 through the resistor 44. That is, charging of the capacitor 45 is started after the neon lamp 30 is triggered by the temperature sensor 7. Then, just before the power supply voltage VAO changes from a negative voltage to a positive voltage, the gate Gl3 changes from "1" to "0".
'', thereby resetting the flip-flop RS1 again. This reset causes flip-flop R
The output of Sl returns from "0" to "1". Therefore, the signal "1" → "0" inverted by the gate G33 is applied to the input ↑ of the T-type flip-flop T, so the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T becomes "o" at the falling edge of the input 〒.
- Invert to "1". When the output Q of this T flip-flop T becomes "1", the output of the gate Gll becomes "0"
Then, the gate GlO is set to "1" to stop charging the capacitor 45, and the discharge amplifier F is activated to output an output to the 12th pin. Then, over time, the power supply voltage ■A
Immediately after C enters the positive voltage, gate Gl2 changes from "0" to "
1," so the wire AND outputs of gates Gl4 and Gl5 drop from "1" to "0." The period during which the output of this wire AND is "1" is ΔT. That is, the gate Gl2 is both "0" during the period. Even after this period of ΔT has passed, the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T remains "1", but since the AND of the gates Gl4 and Gl5 is "0", the gate Gll becomes "1", and the capacitor 45 is discharged. stop. Therefore, the output of pin 12 is time! At the zero cross point of the nearby power supply voltage VAC, ΔT2 is generated to trigger the thyristor 74, and the heater 48 is energized by the conduction of the thyristor 47. Further, since the gate Gll returns from "0" to "1" after the ΔT time, the output of the gate GlO changes from "1" to "0" and starts charging the capacitor 45 via the resistor 44 again. Then, near time T3 when the power supply voltage AC goes from a positive voltage to a negative voltage, a zero cross pulse ΔT1 and an AND output between the output 0 of the flip-flop RS2 and the output of the gate Gl4 are generated again. Immediately before time E, the AND outputs of gates Gl4 and Gl5 become ``0 over ``1'', so the output Q of T-type flip-flop T becomes ``
1" is unlocked, the gate Gll falls to "0", and the capacitor 45 is discharged again. At this time, the gate GlO changes from "0" to "1", so the capacitor 45
charging will be stopped. At the same time flip-flop RS2
The AND output of the output O and the output of gate Gl4 is also "0"
→ becomes “1”. This output is further ANDed with the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T and is applied to the gate G4, so
Gate G4 is "1" → "0" Gate G33 is "0" - "
1'' and is applied to the input of the T-type flip-flop T. Then, after time ΔT after exceeding time T3, the AND output of the output O of the flip-flop RS2 and the output of the gate Gl4 falls to "1" - "0" again, so the gate G4 changes from "0" to "1". The upper gate G33 changes from "1" to "0". At the falling edge of this gate G33, the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T returns from "1" to "0". That is, the T-type flip-flop T is the flip-flop RS
1 count with the set and reset signal of l, then the above T
Set output Q of type flip-flop T and power supply voltage ■A
A so-called divide-by-2 operation is performed in which the zero-cross pulse ΔT in which C goes negative is counted by 2 and returns to the original state. In other words, the temperature is detected in one cycle when the power supply voltage VAC is positive or negative, and this signal triggers the 2-bit thyristor trigger pulse at the zero point when the power supply voltage AC goes positive or negative. issue. Although an SCR is used as the thyristor 47 in FIG. 9, it is convenient when a TRIAC is used depending on the device. Next, in FIG. 27, from time T5 to T8, the heated object 3
This shows a state in which the temperature of the neon lamp 30 has risen above the set value and there is no trigger pulse for the neon lamp 30 from the sensor 7. At this time, since the flip-flop RS1 continues to be reset, the above-mentioned operation is not performed. Also, the gate GlO is “
1", the capacitor 45 is not charged, the output Q of the T-type flip-flop is also "0", and the gate Gll is also "1", so the discharge amplifier F is also inoperative. Therefore, the voltage at pin 12 is "0". When the temperature of the heated object 3 falls and the neon lamp 30 starts to trigger again, the above-described operation is performed, the thyristor 47 is triggered, and the heater 48 is energized. Through these series of operations, temperature control in the proportional control mode shown in FIG. 6 can be achieved.
Next, the hysteresis control mode shown in FIG. 6 will be explained.

At this time, the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is closed. By closing the switch 10, the gate Gl9 changes from "1" to "0", and the gate G2O changes from "0" to "1". Also, since gate G1 is already "1", gate G
3 changes from "0" to "1", and gate G22 also changes from "1" to "
0'', and the first counter for hysteresis control is reset. At the same time, the gate G5 of the flip-flops RS3 and RS4 of the hysteresis control logic section H changes from "0" to "1" and is released from reset. When explaining the operating state of the hysteresis control mode, please refer to FIGS. 9 and 28, and refer to the time t in FIG.
1 will be the starting point for the explanation. From time t1 to time t1, the circuit operates as described in FIG. 27, and the output from pin 12 is sufficient to trigger the thyristor 47, so that the heater 48 is energized. That is, since the pulse Tp is generated from the pulse trigger element 30, the temperature of the heated object 3 is increasing. Then, when the temperature of the heated body 3 reaches the set value, the neon lamp 30 is no longer triggered, and the pulse Tp2 that has been periodically generated disappears. Detecting the extinction of this pulse, it is determined that the temperature of the heated object 3 has reached the set value at 12 minutes.
The gate output from the pin to the thyristor 47 is stopped, and the power supply to the heater 48 is stopped. However, since the temperature of the heated body 3 slightly overshoots, no pulse is generated for a certain period of time. Then, the temperature of the heated body 3 begins to drop and falls to a predetermined temperature. In other words, when the set temperature Ts or the temperature differential ΔTs is set in advance, Ts - Δ
Descend to Ts. Then, the neon lamp 30 is triggered again near time T8, and a pulse Tp3 is generated. This time TD is determined by the configuration and temperature of the heated object 3. Note that the time TD in FIG. 28 is the power supply voltage ■9. This is for illustrative purposes only and is actually quite long. Then, when pulse Tp3 occurs again, the first
Counter I detects and counts pulse Tp3. During the counting time of the first counter I, the triggering of the thyristor 47 is stopped continuously. With the time-up output of this first counter I,
The gate output of the thyristor 47 is unlocked and the triggering of the thyristor 47 is repeated again. The above operation is repeated while the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is closed. Due to this operation, the temperature swing Δ shown in Fig. 6 is
TO is obtained. FIG. 28 shows a time chart of the above operation. In FIG. 28, when IllllL5~! Power supply voltage until ■9. Since the pulse φ is not output at the negative voltage of
The T-type flip-flop T for 2-bit frequency division is also inoperative. Then, the gate Gl2 changes from "0" to "1" with a delay of ΔTp beyond the time Idlt6, so that the gate G6 is connected to the output O of the flip-flop RS1, the output of the T-type flip-flop T, and the output of the gate Gl2. AND becomes the input, and it drops from "1" to "0". The flip-flop RS3 is set by this gate G6, the output Q of the flip-flop RS3 changes from [0] to "1", and the gate G8 changes to "1".
1" → "0", and the output Q of the T-type flip-flop is locked to "0". Therefore, since the gate Gll becomes "1" unconditionally, the discharge amplifier F is turned off, and the trigger output from the 12th pin to the thyristor 47 becomes "0". Next time, ~! During the period when the power supply voltage VAC is at a negative voltage, the temperature of the heated object 3 decreases, and the pulse T is emitted from the neon lamp 30.
When p3 occurs, flip-flop RSl is set, and the output Q of flip-flop RSl changes from "0" to "1".
becomes. At this time, the output Q of the flip-flop RS3 is "
Since it is waiting at "1", the gate G7 falls from "1" to "0", and the flip-flop RS4 is set for this output.
The output Q of the flip-flop RS4 changes from "0" to "1". Then, at the zero-crossing point where the power supply voltage AC in the vicinity of time becomes negative, the output O of the flip-flop RS2 becomes ΔT.
"o" becomes "1" only for time. Therefore, the output Q of flip-flop RS4 is "1", and the output Q of flip-flop R
Since the output O of S2 changes from "o" to "1", the gate G2
1, the first flip-flop T in the first counter I for the hysteresis control counter.
The input 〒 of l momentarily drops to "o" by ΔT. At the edge of this input 〒 falling to "1" - "o", the first stage counter T! The output Q of 1 changes from "0" to "1". Then time T
At the zero cross where the power supply voltage VAO of ll goes negative, the input T of the first stage flip-flops T and l changes from "1" to "0" again.
Therefore, the output Q of the first stage flip-flop T,l
returns from "1" to "0" and performs a frequency division operation by two. Since the first counter I is a multi-stage counter as shown in FIG. 9, the above-described frequency division operation is sequentially repeated. Then, the time Tnl, that is, the final nth stage flip-flop T! . When the time has elapsed, the first stage flip-flop T! At the edge where the input of 1 falls from "1" to "O", the final stage flip-flop T! . output Q
changes from "0" to "1" and the time is up. This final stage flip-flop T! . Since the output of the first counter I becomes "1", the T! of the first counter I becomes "1". 1 to TX2 are reset. At the same time, the output of the gate G5 also changes from "1" to "0", and the flip-flops RS3 and RS4 of the hysteresis control logic section H are reset, returning to the initial state. In other words, the gate G8 returns from "0" to "1" and unlocks the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T.This reset state continues until just before time...+1 (before time ΔTN). .and flip-flop RS
The rise of the positive zero-crossing pulse ΔT (the state in which the power supply voltage AC goes from negative to positive), which is composed of the AND of the output Q of 2 and the output of gate Gl5, that is, the change from "0" to "1", causes the gate Gl6 goes from “1” to “0”, gate G23
changes from "0" to "1", and the final stage flip-flop TIn of the first counter I is reset. Therefore, the final stage flip-flop T! . Since the output Q falls from "1" to "0", the flip-flops from Tll to Tl2 of the first counter (2) are released from reset. In other words, the power supply voltage from the time beat to Tn+1. The device is reset continuously during the negative half cycle period to ensure that the device returns to its initial state. In addition, in the final stage flip-flop T,n, the output Q of the final stage flip-flop TIn is "
At the point when the voltage falls from "1" to "0", the input to the gate Gl6 changes from "1" to "0", so the reset pulse of the final stage flip-flop Tn disappears. This is a so-called self-reset method. The time from time T3 to minute is the counting time T of the first counter I for hysteresis control! It is. Time T! Since the temperature of the heated object 3 has decreased during the period Tn-Tn+1 after , a pulse Tpn is generated, and upon detecting this pulse Tpn, the flip-flop RSl of the waveform shaping section C is set. Return to normal operation. Then, the thyristor 47 is triggered and the heater 48
Electricity starts to be applied. By repeating these series of operations, the temperature swing ΔTO of the heated object 3 shown in FIG. 6 is obtained. Note that when the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is opened, the first counter I and the flip-flop RS3 of the hysteresis control logic section H are switched by the gate G2O.
, RS, is reset and enters proportional control mode. Next, the strong scale holding and the release operation shown in FIG. 7 will be explained.

The resistance value of the volume 27 is set using the temperature setting knob 9 in order to obtain the scale temperature LT as shown by the dotted line in FIG. Next, pull the knob 11 that selects holding the strong scale, and close the contacts 56'', 56'' of the changeover switch. Then, the explanation will be given from the state in which the power switch 8 is closed and the machine starts operating. At this time, the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is open, and the mode is set to proportional control mode. The gate Gl7 of the strong scale holding switching section J is set to "0", and the gate 18 is set to "1". This gate Gl7 releases the reset of the second counter K for holding the strong scale. Further, the reset of the flip-flop RS5 of the storage section L is also canceled by the gate Gl8. Gate Gl7
Since the input of gate G8 is also set to "0",
The output of gate G8 holds "1". As a result, the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T is not locked, and a proportional control mode is established in which the output to the thyristor 47 is continuously supplied. In other words, even if the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is closed and the hysteresis control mode is selected, when the strong hold function is selected, the proportional control mode is automatically set. The waveform B in FIG. 7 shows this pattern. Further, since the first counter I is used as a part of the strong hold counter in addition to the counter for hysteresis control, the start of the counter is the same as the start of the counter for hysteresis control.
That is, as shown in FIG. 28, there is a pulse Tp continuously from the neon lamp 30, and when the set temperature (strong scale temperature) is reached, the pulse Tp disappears, and the next pulse Tp3 is detected. The first counter I starts frequency division from time T9. Then, between time Tn and Tn+1, the second
As shown in FIG. 8, the final stage flip-flop T of the first counter I. n time up, ΔTN from Tn+1 hour
Before the time, the final stage flip-flop Ln is reset. When strong scale maintenance is set, gate Gl8 is "0"
→Since it is "1", this is the final stage flip-flop T. The output Q of n is input to the input 〒 of the first stage flip-flop TKl of the second counter K. As shown in Figure 28,
The output Q of the final stage flip-flop TIn changes from "1" to "0"
”, the output Q of the first stage flip-flop TKl of the second counter K changes from “0” to “1”, and the output of the first counter ■ for hysteresis control is carried over to the flip-flop TKl. Become. The carried output Q to the flip-flop TKl changes the gate G24 from "1" to "0", and the flip-flop RS5 is set. As the output η of the flip-flop RS5 changes from "1" to "o", the flip-flop R
The set terminal of S4 is held at "0" and the output Q of flip-flop RS4 is held at "1" so that the negative zero-cross pulse ΔT is continuously supplied to the first counter I. Further, the output η of the flip-flop RS5 becomes "o", and the input of the gate Gl6 and the reset terminal R of the first counter I are all set to "0", thereby preventing a reset signal from entering the counter. The time from the time record to the completion of the operation is the ΔTA time, which is the same as the counting time in the hysteresis control mode. Since the negative zero-cross pulse ΔT is continuously supplied to the input 〒k of the first-stage flip-flop TIl, the counting progresses and the input 〒k of the first-stage flip-flop TIl is inputted to the final-stage flip-flop T. n
Even when the output Q changes from "0" to "1", it is not reset (locked by flip-flop RS5).
The counting continues. Then, the final stage flip-flop TKn of the second counter K times out after the time TK shown in FIG. 7 has elapsed, and the output Q changes from "0" to "1". Next, in the power supply voltage AC positive voltage cycle where the gate Gl2 changes from "0" to "1", the output Q of the final stage flip-flop Tan
and Gate Gl. Since the AND output with the output of is added to the input of gate G27, gate G27 falls from "1" to "0", amplifier M operates, and thyristor 54 is triggered through pin 10. and coil 56
is energized. The trigger of the thyristor 54 is the gate Gl2
is triggered only in the positive half cycle by
Contact 5 of the strong scale holding switch is activated by excitation of the coil 56.
``, 56'' opens. This causes the temperature to drop to the value determined by the resistance value of the volume 27 set with the knob, and normal temperature adjustment is performed. Also, by opening the contact 56'', the strong scale maintenance is switched. Part J returns to its original state, gate Gl7 becomes "1" and gate Gl8 becomes "0", so gate Gl
7, the second counter K is reset and returns to the initial state. Next, the hysteresis control changeover switch 10 is closed, and while the operation is in the hysteresis control mode, for example, at time T in FIG.

Now, the operation when the contacts 56'', 56'' of the strong scale holding switch are closed will be explained. At this time, while the first counter I for hysteresis control is counting, if the contacts 5'', 56'' of the strong scale holding switch are closed, the gate Gl7 changes from ``1'' to ``0'' as described above. The second counter K is reset and enters a count input standby state. Further, the input of the gate G8 is unlocked, the gate G8 changes from "0" to "1", the gate Gll immediately moves in a state determined by the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T, and the thyristor 47 is triggered by the amplifier F. Therefore, the heater 48 is energized, and at time T in FIG. The temperature of the heated body 3 starts to rise. Furthermore, the reset of the flip-flop RS5 of the storage section L is also released by the gate Gl8. However, the first counter I continues counting. Then, when the final stage flip-flop TIn of the first counter I times out, it is carried to the first stage flip-flop TKl of the second counter K, and the first stage flip-flop TKl
The output Q changes from "0" to "1". The flip-flop RS5 is set by the output Q of the first stage flip-flop TKl, and the output O of the flip-flop RS5 becomes "1".
→ becomes “0”. At this time, as explained in the above-mentioned hysteresis control mode, the first counter I is all reset, and the flip-flops RS3 and RS4 of the hysteresis control logic section H are also reset at the same time. When the temperature of the heated object 3 reaches the set temperature on the strong scale, the pulse Tp from the neon lamp 30 disappears, and then when the pulse Tp3 enters again, the hysteresis is activated by the operation explained in connection with FIG. Flip-flops RS3, RS, of control logic H are set in sequence.
By setting the flip-flop RS, the Q of the flip-flop RS4 changes from "0" to "1", so the positive zero-cross pulse ΔT enters the input of the first-stage flip-flop TIl of the first counter I again, and performs frequency division operation. I do. When the specified counting is completed, the final stage flip-flop TKn of the second counter K times out, and the gates G27 and G
12 triggers the thyristor 54 via the amplifier M, and the coil 56 opens the contacts 56'', 56''.
This is the same operation as described above. As shown in FIG. 7, during strong holding, the proportional control mode is set and the maximum amount of heat is applied. As explained above, when the contacts 56'' and 56'' of the strong scale changeover switch are operated during the time indicated by time TO in FIG. 7, the effective strong scale holding time changes to the operating time TK of the second counter K. Therefore, the ΔTA time becomes shorter than when operating the switch from the beginning. Note that a resistor 66 and a capacitor 67 are connected in parallel with the contact 56'' shown in FIGS. 2 and 9.
This prevents the contact 56'' from cracking when the coil 56 opens the circuit, and prevents malfunction of the circuit due to chatter of the contact 56''. In particular, several cycles of the AC power supply voltage VAO are required to ensure that the contact 56'' remains open. Therefore, if the capacitor 67 is not present, the contact 56''
At the moment when " is released, the strong scale holding switching section is activated and the first counter J1 and second counter K are reset and return to the counting state again, so there is a problem that the strong holding period is extended. Insert this capacitor 67. This ensures stable operation.Next, the safety operation of the thyristor 47 in the event of a diode failure or self-triggered state will be explained.

In this state, regardless of the output of the temperature sensor 7, the thyristor 47 is conductive and the heater 48 continues to be energized, so that the temperature of the heated object 3 continues to rise. Therefore, there is a risk of death from heatstroke to children, etc., or fire, and a safety function is required to prevent these accidents. Second
FIG. 9 shows a time chart of the safety operation in the self-triggered state. In FIG. 29, from time t1 to time t1, the temperature of the heated object 3 is low, and an output is generated from pin 12 by the pulse Tp from the neon lamp 330, causing the thyristor 47 to operate normally. Indicates that the trigger is triggered. The period from 1 to 5 indicates a state in which the temperature of the heated body 3 reaches the set value after the above state, the pulse Tp disappears, and the thyristor 47 is turned off. During this pause, the input of the self-triggering amplifier P, that is, the input of the gate G34, is "0" because it is an AND of the output of the gate G26, the output of the voltage detection section N, and the output of the gate G25. In FIG. 29, in the positive cycle of time !~T7 power supply voltage ■9.
” → “1 upper gate G26 becomes “0” with a delay of ΔTs time → “
1. Since the thyristor 47 is off, the k voltage detection unit N becomes "1" with a delay of ΔTc from FIGS. 34 and 25 →
It is configured to be "0". This is ΔT
The circuit of the voltage detection part N so that s (determine the time Δ busy)
and self-trigger detection timing circuit 0 (time Δ determines color)
The purpose is to determine each. Therefore, the input of gate G34 is "0" and the output is "1". Since the input of the amplifier P is "1", its output becomes "0" due to the circuit shown in FIG. 23, and no output is output to the thyristor 58.
Next, the state in which the thyristor 47 has failed, so-called diode failure, or self-trigger failure, will be detected after a certain period of time.
Shown below. At this time, it is assumed that the pulse Tp from the neon lamp 30 is not emitted. That is, it is assumed that the temperature of the heated object is higher than the set value. During the period from time T8 to time t when the power supply voltage VAO enters a positive cycle, the thyristor 47 immediately becomes conductive even without a gate signal, so the voltage detector N is in the off state and the output is held at "1". Also gate G2
5 is time! After ΔTN time, the value changes from "0" to "1". The gate G26 of the detection timing circuit 0 is
The value changes from "0" to "1" with a delay of time ΔTs. Therefore, the output of the gate G34, which is the input of the amplifier P, is the AND of the output of the gate G26, the output of the detection section N, and the output of the gate G3 as described above, so that after a delay of Δ time, "1"→ "0
”. Therefore, the output of amplifier P is delayed by Δ color time and becomes
0” → “1” and the thyristor 58 is connected through pin 11.
is triggered to start heating the resistor 59. and time T
Power supply voltage ■9 at 9~TlO. During the negative half cycle period, the thyristor 58 is turned off, so the resistor 59 is not heated. At time TlO-Tll, power supply voltage VA
During the positive cycle period of O, the operation explained at the time T8 to T9 described above is performed, and the thyristor 58 is turned on with a delay of ΔTs from the time TlO to heat the resistor 59. As this operation continues, the temperature of the resistor 69 rises and when it reaches the melting temperature of the thermal fuse 14, the thermal fuse 14 melts and the power is turned off. In addition, in FIGS. 8, 9, and 29, the resistor 59
Although the description has been made using a combination of the temperature fuse 14 and the temperature fuse 14, a separate circuit breaker, such as an electromagnetic circuit breaker having a set coil and a reset coil, may be used.

Further, if the thyristor 47 self-trigger in a state where the temperature of the heated body 3 is lower than the temperature T set by the temperature setting knob 9, the self-trigger state is not immediately detected, and the resistor 59 is heated. Not done. The self-trigger state is detected and the resistor 59 is energized after the temperature of the heated object 3 becomes higher than the temperature set by the temperature setting knob 9 and the neon pulse φ disappears. In other words, to summarize the safety operation of the thyristor 47 in the self-triggered state, the presence or absence of the output of the temperature sensor 7 is compared with the output of the thyristor 47 that operates with this output, and even though there is no output of the temperature sensor 7, It detects the state in which the thyristor 47 is turned on and activates the safety function. In order to accurately operate this safety function, the timing ΔT for detecting the self-trigger is
s, and a voltage detector N that operates when the thyristor 47 is off.
By maintaining the relationship between the operating time ΔTs and the operating time ΔTs, after the heated body 3 reaches the set temperature, the thyristor 47
This is to determine whether or not it is normal. Next, safety and fail-safety against failure of the trigger circuit of the thyristor 47 that drives the heater 48 will be explained. Equipment that heats the human body by touching it requires highly accurate temperature control and a high level of safety. In general, high-precision, multi-functional control requires a large number of constituent circuit parts and is complex. Therefore, there is a high degree of insecurity against component failure, and high precision and multifunctionality are contradictory to fail-safe properties. In the electric circuit of the present invention, the trigger circuit of the thyristor 47 is configured with an oscillation system of "0" and "1" in order to satisfy the requirements of high precision and multi-functionality, as well as fail-safe property against component failure. The thyristor 47 is triggered only by the charge and accumulated charge of the capacitor 45. first,
The fail-safe nature of the trigger operation of the thyristor 47 will be explained based on FIG. 27. In FIG. 27, time t
During the negative half-cycle period of the power supply voltage VAC from 1 to Q is "0.k" and output O is "1". Furthermore, since the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T is "o" and the output η is "1", the output of the gate G9 is "0" and the gate GlO is "1".
Therefore, the amplifier E is inoperative and the capacitor 45 is not charged with electric charge. Furthermore, since the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T is also "0", the gate Gll becomes "1",
Amplifier F is also inoperative. Next, a pulse Tpl is generated from the neon lamp 30, so that the flip-flop RSL
is set, the output η of flip-flop RSl
changes from "1" to "0", and the output of gate GlO also becomes "1"
→ becomes “0” and the capacitor 45 is charged. Next, the flip-flop RSl crosses zero and is reset by the gate Gl5, which changes the state of the T-type flip-flop T, and the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T changes from "o" to "1".
．． 1. As the outputs change from "1" to "0" and the gates G change from "1" to "O", the amplifier F discharges the accumulated charge in the capacitor 45, and the thyristor 47 is triggered. Considering these series of operations, we get the following. (1) Flip-flop RS receiving pulse Tp
In the non-operating (reset) state of RS1, the trigger capacitor 45 is not charged and the operation of the flip-flop RS1 (
The capacitor 45 is charged only in the set state.

(2) This flip-flop RSl returns to the inoperable (reset) state again with a zero-cross pulse, and the output O of the flip-flop RSl, which occurs when the flip-flop RSl is reset → set → reset, changes from "1" to "o"
→The AC waveform (oscillation waveform) that becomes "1" is divided by the T-type flip-flop T.

(3) The divided output Q of this T-type flip-flop T is “0”
” - “1”, the energy accumulated in the capacitor 45 is discharged.

The effects of these configurations (1), (2), and (3) can be summarized as follows:
This will be explained using three component failures as examples. First, flip.
If the flip-flop RS1 is inoperative (reset state) and fails, the output of the flip-flop RS1 remains at "1". Therefore, since the input to the gate G9 maintains "1", the gate GlO also becomes "1", and the capacitor 45 is not charged. Therefore, sa. Iristor 47 is inoperative. Next, if the flip-flop RSl fails in the operating (set) state, the output Q of the flip-flop RSl becomes "1".
, the output output becomes "0". But flip-flop RS
Since the output O of l does not alternately change from "1" - "o" to "1", the input 〒 of the T-type flip-flop T does not change, the frequency dividing operation is no longer possible, and the T-type flip-flop T enters the reset state. I feel depressed. In other words, output Q is "o", output? is “1”
It is in a state of

At this time, gates G9 and Gl. The amplifier E operates and the capacitor 45 is charged, but since the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T is "0", the gate Gll is "1".
Therefore, the amplifier F does not operate and the thyristor 47 is not triggered. Therefore, when the flip-flop RSl fails, the trigger output of the thyristor 47 is not output. Next, when a failure occurs such that the T-type flip-flop T becomes inoperative (reset), the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T holds "0.k Output enabled j"1. At this time, the flip-flop RSl is alternately inverted in response to the pulse Tp, and only when the output O of the flip-flop RSl falls to "o", the capacitor 45 is charged via the gates G9 and GlO, but the T-type flip-flop T Since the output Q of is held at "0", the gate Gll becomes "1" and the amplifier F is inactive. Therefore, the thyristor 47 is not triggered and is safe. Next, the T-type flip-flop T operates (
In the event of a failure that results in a set) state, the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T holds ``1'' and the output 0 holds ``o''. At this time, since the outputs are "o", the gate G9,
The amplifier E continues to be turned on by the GlO, and the capacitor 45 is charged via the resistor 44. Furthermore, if the output Q of the T-type flip-flop T holds "1", the gate Gll
Therefore, the discharge amplifier F also continues to be turned on. In this state, the current 1a flowing through the resistor 44 is not stored in the capacitor 45, but flows through the discharge amplifier F into the gate of the thyristor 47. The current 1a has a value determined by the following formula. However, VcO is the voltage of the Zener 25 in the control circuit, CK is the voltage between the gate and cathode of the thyristor 47, R44 is the value of the resistor 44, Er is the internal resistance of the charging amplifier E, and Fr is the internal resistance of the discharging amplifier F. be.

Generally, the non-trigger current 10 of the thyristor 47 (gate current that does not trigger under any conditions) is IcK=0.2 mA for a type thyristor. Therefore, the above 1a
By setting the value of the resistor 44 so that the relationship between and ICK becomes 1a<ICK, the T-type flip-flop T operates (
Even if a failure occurs in the set state, all the current passing through the charging amplifier E bypasses the discharging amplifier F, but this current 1
Since the thyristor 47 is not triggered at point a, safety is maintained. Further, the same applies to the gates G9, GlO, Gll, the charging amplifier E1, and the discharging amplifier F, ensuring safety. Next, regarding a failure in the hysteresis control logic section H, if this logic section is open (inoperable) and fails, the output of gate G8 becomes "1".
Thus, everything returns to proportional control mode control. In addition, when a short circuit (operation) failure occurs, the output of gate G8 becomes "0" and gate Gll holds "1", so
The discharge amplifier F is inoperative. Therefore, the triggering of the thyristor 47 is stopped, and safety is maintained. Further, the zero pulse generating section B is a clock generating section that becomes the time base of this control section, and if it fails, the signal that sequentially changes from "0" to "1" to "0", which becomes the time base, disappears. Therefore, as described above, since each logic gate holds "1" or "0", the trigger to the thyristor 47 naturally disappears, and safety is maintained. In short, the electric circuit of the present invention operates a series of control components cyclically through a reset state, a set state, and a reset state, and uses this output to charge a capacitor (not discharging while charging), discharging (while discharging and not being charged). ) and trigger the thyristor 47 to achieve safety and fail-safety against component failure.

Next, the safety operation when the thyristor 47 causes a complete short-circuit failure will be explained.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 8, the thyristor 47 is turned on across both waves of the power supply voltage AC. At this time, the power supply voltage VA
During the negative half cycle of O, diode 61 causes resistor 62 to
is energized and heated. Thereafter, when the temperature of the resistor 62 rises and reaches the melting temperature of the thermal fuse 14, the thermal fuse 14 melts and the power is cut off. Even if the electric circuit shown in FIG. 2 is operating normally, the heater 6 may be locally overheated, so the safety state in such a state will be explained.

The heater 6 adopts the configuration shown in FIG. 4, and a thermofusible resin 50 is interposed between the layers of the heater wire 48 and the safety wire 49. When the heater 6 is partially blocked from dissipating heat for some reason, for example, the temperature locally increases. If the operation is continued in this state, the temperature will further rise, and finally the hot-melt resin 50 will melt, and the safety wire 49 and the heater wire 48 will come into contact with each other. Due to this contact, a large current flows through the circuit of point A, heater wire 48, contact portion, safety wire 49, resistor 55, and point B shown in FIG. 2, and the resistor 55 generates heat. The heat generated by the resistor 55 causes the temperature view lens 14 to melt, shutting off the power, and maintaining safety. G28 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is an element for testing.

Particularly, when the control section 41 is incorporated as one IC on one chip, it is used to check whether the IC is properly diffused and functions properly. It is HPE between pin and pin 7, ■. This can be determined by BO, etc. In other words, if the characteristics between pin 6 and pin 7 are within the specified range, the quality of the IC4l is guaranteed! It is said that it operates normally.
Further, the lamp 13 in FIG. 2 is an indicator lamp that lights up only when the thyristor 47 is on, and notifies that the heater 48 is energized. FIG. 30 shows the configuration of the strong scale holding function release coil 56 and its contacts 56'', 56''.

When the knob 11 is pushed down as shown by the solid line in FIG. 30, the leaf spring 66 bends downward and is held at the bottom dead center by the coil spring 67. At this time, the contacts 565 and 56'' are open. Then, when the knob 11 is pulled up as shown by the broken line, the leaf spring 66 bends upward and is held at the top dead center by the coil spring 67 after passing through the inflection point. knob 11
Even if the upward pulling force is released, the knob 11 remains in the upward position. At this time, the contacts 5", 56" are closed. Then, when the thyristor 53 shown in FIG. It is held at the bottom dead center position.At this time, contact 5', 56
'' is opened 7. When the knob 11 is pulled up and pushed down by an external force, that is, by a human hand, the knob 11 naturally descends to the bottom dead center and is held at that position. In this case, the holding of the strong scale is manually canceled.9 FIG. 31 shows another embodiment of the above-mentioned holding of the strong scale and its release method.

In FIG. 31, a relay having a set coil 561 and a reset coil 562 is used as the coil 56. Further, when setting strong scale maintenance using a bush-on knob 111 and its normally open contact 112 instead of the knob 11, when the knob 111 is bushed, the set coil 561 is excited by the contact 112. This excitation closes the contacts 56'', 56'' and enters strong scale operation. The strong scale holding is released by triggering the thyristor 54 from the 11th pin, resetting it by excitation of the reset coil 562, and opening the contacts 56'', 56''. FIG. 32 is a modification of the circuit shown in FIG. 31, with push-on knob 1 for manual reset.
13 is provided separately, and the reset coil 562 is externally excited by this normally open contact to perform manual reset.

FIG. 33 shows an electrical circuit where the load is an inductive relay.

Components that have the same function as those in the circuit of FIG. 2 are given the same symbols. In FIG. 33, the thyristor 47
This activates the transformer relay 69 having two windings 691 and 692, and controls the energization to the heater 6 through its normally open contact 70. Secondary winding 692 of transformer relay 69
When the voltage is full-wave rectified by the full-wave diode bridge 71 and the thyristor 47 is triggered, a short-circuit current flows through the secondary winding 692, the current in the primary winding 691 increases, and the contact 70
becomes a closed circuit. FIG. 34 shows voltage and current waveforms at various parts of the electric circuit shown in FIG. 33. FIG. 34a shows the secondary winding 69
The current flowing through 2 lags behind the voltage waveform by θ degrees. This angle θ is the R/L ratio between the resistance R and the inductance L of the remote control relay serving as the load. is the delay angle (extinguishing angle of the thyristor) determined by FIG. 34b shows an example in which the trigger pulse (output from pin 12) of the thyristor 47 is generated at the point in time when the voltage waveform crosses zero voltage. At this time, the extinction angle of the thyristor 47 (the point at which the current rises and then falls to zero) becomes θ1, and the next cycle begins.In other words, when a trigger pulse is applied at a certain time, the current increases to +θ1. Also, even if a trigger pulse is applied at time !, the pulse has disappeared by θ1, so the thyristor 47 is not turned on during the period from time T2 to T3.In this way, the voltage crosses zero voltage. Even if a trigger pulse is periodically generated for the thyristor 47 at a point where the thyristor 47 is turned on, the thyristor 47 turns on in half-wave conduction every cycle as shown by hunting. In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 34c, the phase of the trigger pulse generated by the thyristor 47 is forcibly delayed by θ determined by the load for triggering. In the case of Fig. 34c, the trigger can be reliably applied to all waves, and the transformer relay 69 operates smoothly.In the case of Fig. 34c, the trigger pulse is delayed by this angle θ, so that the trigger pulse is delayed by this angle θ. This is an example in which the input voltage at pin 16 is delayed by a capacitor or the like to operate the control circuit 41. In FIG. 33, a phase delay section 75 including a resistor 76 and a capacitor 77 plays this role. The 16th pin is connected to the phase delay gate 75 via the resistor 42.The control circuit 41 of this electric circuit detects the temperature in a half cycle of the power supply voltage VAC as described above, and the temperature is generated in this half cycle. 2-bit thyristor 47 by pulse Tp
Since a trigger pulse of 1 is obtained, the thyristor 47 always becomes a full-wave trigger and never a half-wave trigger.

However, in the case of control that detects the temperature in the positive half cycle and turns on the thyristor only in the negative half cycle, then detects the temperature in the negative half cycle and turns on the thyristor only in the positive half cycle, the following problem occurs. There is a possibility that this may occur. That is, regarding the discharge voltage VBO of the neon lamp 30 of the temperature detection section 29,
There is no problem when VBOP in the positive half cycle and VBON in the negative half cycle are VBOP = VBON, but when the temperature of the heated body 3 becomes near the set temperature when BOP is half VBON, the power supply voltage VAO becomes positive. Alternatively, there is a range in which the neon lamp 30 breaks down only in the negative half cycle. In such a case, the thyristor 47 is connected to the power supply voltage V
Since it only triggers on the positive or negative half cycle of the AC,
If the load is a relay, chatter will occur and the relay contacts will weld. Furthermore, if the load is an induction motor or the like, only a half-wave current flows, so the motor does not rotate, and there is also the problem that the motor may burn out due to the direct current. However, as described above, the control circuit 41 of this electric circuit is a circuit that generates a 2-bit trigger pulse, so it is necessarily a full-wave trigger and an alternating current always flows, so it cannot be used as an inductive load. It is suitable. In addition, in FIG. 33, the temperature setting section 2
The resistor 79 at No. 6 is inserted to add temperature hysteresis when operating in the hysteresis control mode.

As explained in FIGS. 2, 9, and 28, the first counter I for hysteresis control starts counting when the pulse Tp is continuously triggered as shown in FIG. When the temperature of the heated object 3 reaches the set value, the pulse T
This is when the pulse p disappears and the pulse Tp is generated again. In FIG. 28, this period is T. It is shown as 33rd
The resistor 79 in the figure determines this period TD,
The operation is such that the temperature of the heated body 3 is the set off temperature T. Generate a pulse Tp when the temperature drops from FF by ΔTOFF,
It provides a temperature differential. More specifically, when the heated object 3 is being heated by the heater 48, the contacts of the transformer relay 69 are closed. Therefore, since the resistor 79 is connected in parallel with the resistor 28 and the volume 27, the parallel resistor RY is as follows. However, R76 is ignored.

When the temperature TOFF set by this RY (lower than R27+R28) is reached, the thyristor 47 is turned off.
The transformer relay 69 is also turned off and the power supply to the heater 48 is stopped.

At this time, the resistor 79 is connected from the volume 27 side to the interlayer impedance 4 side of the windings 36 and 37 of the sensor 7 (via the heater 48). After that, when the temperature of the heated body 3 decreases and ΔTOFF decreases, the interlayer impedance 4
increases, causing the neon lamp 30 to discharge, and the neon pulse Tp is generated again. Decreasing the value of resistor 79 increases ΔTOFF, and increasing the value decreases ΔTOFF. Therefore, in the configuration of FIG. 33, the off period ΔTA of the thyristor 47 in the hysteresis control mode is T determined by the temperature differential. T determined by the time and the counting time of the first counter I for hysteresis control. It is the sum total of time. The features of this method are:
The following points apply. (1) When the heat retention of the heated object 3 is good, the temperature of the heated object 3 decreases slowly due to poor heat radiation, and ΔTA in Fig. 6 is substantially determined by the temperature differential ΔTOPF. Ru. That is, the time TD of ΔTOFF>the time T of the first counter I. (2) When the heat dissipation of the heated object 3 is good, the temperature of the heated object 3 decreases rapidly, and ΔT9 in FIG. 6 is substantially determined by the time of the first counter I. That is, the time TD of the first counter I is equal to the time TD of ΔTOFP. In particular, when turning on and off the heater 48 using a contact system such as a relay, the lock time T! of the first counter I! Since the relay does not work,
It can contribute to life improvements such as extending the life of contacts. It also helps prevent power failures caused by frequent turning on and off.
Furthermore, by making the resistor 79 adjustable in FIG. 33, the temperature swing width ΔTO can be selected according to the environment in which the heated object 3 is installed and according to the user's preference.

Furthermore, although not shown, the configuration can also be configured to switch the number of stages of the flip-flops of the first counter I in FIG.
The temperature swing width ΔTD can be changed. Next, another embodiment that achieves the same effect as described above will be described.

This method uses a pulse Tp obtained from a neon lamp 30.
This is a method of counting the number of times using the first counter (2). That is, when the temperature of the temperature sensor 7 is low, the interlayer impedance Z7 is large, so the pulse Tp is at the power supply voltage 9. The neon lamp 30 is triggered at the early phase of the power supply voltage ■9. Several pulses are generated in half a cycle. Then, when the temperature becomes high and near the set temperature, only one pulse Tp is generated at a slow phase of half a cycle of the power supply voltage VAO. A similar effect can be obtained by counting this pulse Tp with a counter and stopping the power supply to the heater 48 during this counting period. In the various hysteresis control methods described above, the heated body 3 is set at a set temperature T.

This is a temperature-dependent hysteresis control method 7 in which the off-period of the heater 48 changes depending on the slope of the descent from the base, that is, the state of heat dissipation. Next, an embodiment in which the off period of the heater 48 is determined only by time will be described.

In FIG. 9, if the flip-flop RS4 of the hysteresis control logic H is deleted and the input of the gate G2l, which is connected to the output Q of the flip-flop RS4, is connected to the output Q of the flip-flop RS3, the TD time disappears and the pulse Tp After the disappearance of , it becomes possible to start the first counter I immediately. This system uses a timer T! The heater 48 is always turned off for the period of , eliminating problems caused by frequent on/off power failures and chatter of the relay 69 in homes with low power capacity. That is, in the circuit of FIG. 33, when the temperature differential ΔTOpp is obtained only by the resistor 79, when the value of the resistor 79 is increased and the transformer relay 69 is turned on and the heater 48 is energized, the power supply voltage ■6 . goes down,
Due to this voltage drop, the neon lamp 30 that has been lit until now is turned off. Since the trigger of the thyristor 47 is stopped by this turning off, the remote control relay 69 is also turned off, and the power supply to the heater 48 is stopped. Then, when the heater 48 is turned off, the power supply voltage becomes ■9. is restored to its original state, the neon lamp 30 is lit again, and the thyristor 47 activates the relay 69. In this way, there is a risk of inducing a chattering phenomenon in the relay 69. Especially when the power capacity of the heater 48 is large, this tendency becomes an unavoidable problem. Because of this problem, it is practically necessary to reduce the value of the resistor R7 and set the temperature differential ΔTOpp to an extremely large value. Must be. This electric circuit also has the advantage that the above drawback can be solved by simply locking the heater 48 using the first timer I. Next, in the circuit shown in FIG. 33, safe operation in the event of component failure will be explained. If a welding accident occurs in the contacts 70 of the transformer relay 69, the heater 6 will be continuously energized, which is dangerous. In this state, when the temperature of the heated object 3 reaches the set temperature, the pulse Tp of the neon lamp 30 disappears, and thereby the trigger pulse of the thyristor 47 from pin 12 disappears. perish. Therefore, the thyristor 47 is turned off, so the thyristor 58 is triggered by the resistor 47, and the resistor 59 generates heat. After that, the temperature of the resistor 59 rises,
Safety can be ensured because the thermal fuse 14 is fused to stop the power supply. Furthermore, if the thyristor 47 causes a short circuit accident, the transformer relay 69 continues to operate.
The heater 6 is heated continuously by the contact 70, which is dangerous. At this time, the voltage of the thyristor 47 is detected by the resistor 57, and the self-trigger circuit of the control section 41 is activated, and a trigger pulse for the thyristor 58 is obtained from the 11th pin. Then, the thyristor 58 turns on, the resistor 59 generates heat, and the thermal fuse 14 blows out, stopping the power supply, so it is safe. Moreover, when the heater 6 is locally overheated, the second
By the same principle as explained in the figure, the heater wire 48 and the safety wire 49 are brought into contact, and the resistors 51 and 61 are connected to the diodes 61 and 68.
energized by. As a result, the resistor 51 or 61 generates heat, the thermal fuse 78 melts, and the power supply to the heater 6 is stopped to ensure safety. Next, another embodiment in which the load is inductive will be described.

FIG. 35 shows an example of the circuit. Components that perform the same functions as those in the circuit shown in FIG. 33 are given the same symbols.
The difference between FIG. 33 and FIG. 35 is that the thyristor 47 is triggered by a direct current using a transistor 80. FIG. 36 shows operating waveforms of each part of the circuit shown in FIG. 35, and the operation will be explained based on FIG. 36. Power supply voltage■9.
When the pulse Tp occurs during the negative cycle period, the control unit 4
As already detailed, the 15th pin output and 12th pin output of 1 have the operating waveforms shown in FIG. 36. Therefore, Figures 2 and 33
In the circuit shown in the figure, the output from pin 12 is used as the trigger pulse for the thyristor 47, but in the circuit shown in FIG.
Alternatively, the terminal voltage of the capacitor 45 to be discharged (36th
C45 terminal voltage in the figure) is detected by an emitter follower type transistor 80. Then, at the voltage across resistors 81 and 82 when the "terminal voltage of C45" in FIG. 36 is occurring,
Thyristor 47 is triggered with direct current. This results in
The operating waveform of the transformer relay 69 is as shown in FIG. 36, and it can operate reliably regardless of the R/L value of the relay 69.
Then, the temperature of the heated body 3 rises, and the neon pulse Tp
disappears, as shown in FIG. 36, the capacitor 45
The terminal voltage "terminal voltage of C45" decreases, and at this point, the DC trigger of the thyristor 47 stops, and the thyristor 47 operates as shown in FIG. Turn off the transformer relay 6.
9 becomes inactive. As described in detail, the circuit shown in FIG. 35 is characterized by being a so-called fail-safe circuit in which the voltage at the terminal of the capacitor 45 is generated only when all of the components are normal.

Since this voltage is amplified by an emitter-follower type amplifier including the transistor 80 and provides a DC trigger to the thyristor 47, it is possible to reliably operate an inductive load while maintaining fail-safe. Since the other operations are exactly the same as the circuit shown in FIG. 33, the explanation thereof will be omitted. Next, we integrated the heater and temperature sensor,
A so-called one-wire electric circuit will be explained.

FIG. 37 shows the circuit. Figure 2, Figure 33, Figure 35
In the circuits shown in the figures, the temperature sensor 7 and the heater 4 and 6 are arranged on separate lines, that is, two lines. The circuit in FIG. 37 is an example of a so-called one-wire type in which the heater 6 and the temperature sensor 7 are integrated, and the heater 6 also serves as the temperature sensor, and the interlayer material 50 between the heater wire 48 and the safety wire 49 It is composed of a temperature-sensitive material made of an organic semiconductor having the characteristics shown in the figure. The operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 37 is exactly the same as the two-wire circuit shown in FIG.
The temperature is detected and the temperature J is controlled using the obtained pulse Tp. Other operations are omitted, but 1 in Figure 37
A wire circuit has the advantage of being simpler in configuration than a two-wire circuit. Note that the counters I and K mentioned above are a type of timer, and timers other than counters can also be used.

Based on the above configuration, the present invention has the following effects.

(1) Among the three forms of sub-radiation heating, convection heating, and conduction heating,
The human body mainly uses conduction heat directly! Electric blankets, electric bed sheets, electric floor heaters, etc. that heat the human body by touching it or covering it with a specified set temperature (to the extent that the human body can feel the temperature of the heat generating load that has the heater)
By adding temperature hysteresis control that swings by several degrees Celsius, the temperature periodically rises compared to (a) uniform temperature proportional control, providing a stimulating and comfortable sensation of warmth that has never been seen before. It will be done.

(mouth) The average set temperature can be lowered due to the stimulating sense of warmth.
Compared to proportional control, which controls uniform temperature, this method achieves an energy-saving effect. It will be done. (c) When you want to warm up a little, such as during the change of seasons such as spring and autumn, temperature proportional control requires delicate temperature settings, but hysteresis control provides an appropriate sense of warmth, improving usability without the need for delicate temperature settings. do. (
2) By providing a switch that can select between temperature proportional control and temperature hysteresis control, it acts as a seasonal switch that determines the usage pattern: (a) temperature proportional control in winter and temperature hysteresis control in spring and autumn. It can be used as a heating device that can be used over a wide range of areas and in many seasons, which cannot be achieved using only the temperature proportional control method.

(Example) The subtle sense of warmth near the human body temperature has a wide range of needs, including considerable individual differences and the physical condition of the day, so it can be selected as appropriate depending on the situation, and has the effect of giving great satisfaction to the user. )) In addition to the normal temperature setting, manually set the temperature on the high (high) scale to make sure that the temperature of the heating element such as the heater is high (high).
After reaching the scale temperature, the timer starts, and after a predetermined timer period has elapsed, the time-up output releases the strong (high) scale setting and returns to the normal set temperature.A strong scale holding circuit that uses a temperature and timer. (a) Since the heat capacity of heaters such as electric blankets and electric floor heaters is relatively small, the temperature reaches the strong scale temperature within a few minutes after the heater is energized. (detects that the temperature has been reached and automatically returns to the normal set temperature) cannot fully store heat in the futon, etc.

In particular, since futons are made of cotton and air, the time constant of heat storage is large, and as a result, even if the heater temperature reaches the strong scale temperature, the amount of heat stored in the futon is small. This is caused by the difference in thermal time constant between the heat generating load having the heater and the futon. By adopting a combined temperature and timer system as in the present invention, after the heater temperature reaches the high scale, the high scale temperature is maintained for a period of time that takes into consideration the heat storage time constant in the futon, for example, so that a sufficient heat storage effect can be achieved. It is convenient to use because it has a quick heating effect and returns to the normal set temperature after the timer operation is completed. (Example) The conventional method that uses a timer to maintain the strong scale temperature setting for a certain period of time after the operation switch is turned on has the problem that the duration of the strong scale temperature changes due to differences in the heating start-up time constants of the heaters. For example, if the time it takes for the heater temperature to reach the high scale temperature varies depending on the type and thickness of the futon placed over the electric blanket, and the room temperature, and if the time it takes to reach the high scale temperature is long, the timer time is constant, so the duration of the high scale temperature will vary. minutes shorter. This means that the preheating and heat storage effects are insufficient, but in the present invention, even if there is a difference in the time to reach the strong scale temperature, the duration of the strong scale temperature does not change and a sufficient effect can be exerted. It has its features. (4) As a result of realizing functions such as temperature proportional control, temperature hysteresis control, strong scale operation and release control using an electronic circuit configuration, these functions can be applied to electric blankets, electric sheets, electric floor heaters, etc. while maintaining high reliability. It has the advantage of adding functionality and convenience.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an external view of an electric blanket or electric bed sheet as an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an entire example of an electric circuit used therein, and Fig. 3 is a configuration diagram of a temperature sensor. , Fig. 4 is a configuration diagram of the heater, Fig. 5 is a temperature impedance characteristic diagram of the temperature sensor, Fig. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing proportional control mode and hysteresis control mode, and Fig. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing strong scale holding mode. Figure 8 is a circuit diagram showing the control circuit as a block diagram, Figure 9 is a circuit diagram showing the logic circuits in each diagram of the control circuit, and Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the reset voltage detection circuit. A circuit diagram, FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the reset voltage detection circuit, and FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the reset voltage detection circuit.
Figures A and B are waveform diagrams of its operation, Figure 13 is a circuit diagram showing yet another embodiment of the reset voltage detection circuit, Figure 14 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the zero voltage detection circuit, and Figure 15 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the reset voltage detection circuit. A waveform diagram of its operation, Fig. 16 is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the waveform shaping circuit, Fig. 17 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the waveform shaping circuit, and Fig. 18 is a Z-implementation of the pulse detection circuit. A circuit diagram showing an example, FIG. 19 is a waveform diagram of its operation, FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the charging amplifier, FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the hysteresis control switching circuit, and FIG.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of a strong scale holding switching circuit, Fig. 23 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a self-trigger output amplifier,
Fig. 24 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the voltage detection circuit and detection timing circuit of the self-trigger detection section, Fig. 25 is a waveform diagram of its operation, and Fig. 26 is an example of the intermediate output circuit of the first counter. Figure 27 is a waveform diagram of 5 proportional control mode operation, Figure 28 is a waveform diagram of hysteresis control mode operation, Figure 29 is a waveform diagram of self-trigger detection operation, and Figure 30 is a strong scale holding and release. 3rd cross-sectional view of the switch part for
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of a circuit for holding and releasing strong scales, Fig. 32 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of a circuit for holding and releasing strong scales, and Fig. 33 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit for holding and releasing strong scales. A third circuit diagram showing the entirety of another embodiment controlled by a relay.
Figure 4 is a waveform diagram of its operation, Figure 35 is a circuit diagram showing the whole of another embodiment in which the heater current is controlled by a relay, Figure 36 is a waveform diagram of its operation, and Figure 37 is a waveform diagram of its operation. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the entirety of a one-wire embodiment in which a heater and a temperature sensor are integrated. 1...Power plug, 2...Controller box, 3...Heated object, 6...
Heater (heat generating load), 7...Temperature sensor, 8...
... Power switch, 9 ... Temperature setting knob, 10 ... Hysteresis control switch, 11 ... Strong scale holding switch, 14.
... Temperature fuse (power supply circuit breaker), 15 ... Noise shield section, 19 ... Circuit for obtaining control power supply VcO, 26 ... Temperature setting circuit, 27 ...
Temperature control volume, 28...Limiting resistance, 29.
... Temperature detection circuit, 30 ... Neon lamp (pulse trigger element), 33 ... Pulse transformer, 41 ... Control circuit (IC), 43 ...
Trigger CR circuit, 45... Capacitor, 47...
... Thyristor, 54 ... Thyristor, 5
5...Resistance, 56...Coil, 56'',
56″... Contact, 58... Thyristor, 59... Resistor, 61... Diode,
62...Resistor, A...Reset part, B
...Zero pulse generation section, C ... Waveform shaping section, D ... 2-bit frequency division section, E ......
Charge amplifier section, F... Discharge amplifier section, G...
...Hysteresis control switching section, H...● Hysteresis control logic section, I...First counter, J... Strong scale maintenance switching section, K...
...Second counter, L...Memory unit for holding the strong scale, M...Output amplifier for canceling the holding of the strong scale.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A heat generating load for heat conduction heating having a heater, a power control element for controlling power supply to the heater of the heat generating load, and a temperature detected by a temperature sensor receiving heat from the heat generating load. A temperature detection circuit that outputs an on signal when the temperature is lower than the set temperature set in the temperature setting section and an off signal when the set temperature is reached; a control circuit that outputs an off signal; the control circuit includes a first switch for selectively selecting between proportional control and hysteresis control;
a proportional control circuit that directly responds to the on/off signal from the temperature detection circuit and outputs an on/off signal to the power control element when the switch is set to proportional control;
When the first switch is set to hysteresis control, when the temperature detection circuit detects that the temperature has reached the set temperature, the signal of the temperature detection circuit will be controlled at an appropriate level even if the temperature drops to a level at which the signal becomes an ON signal. a hysteresis control circuit that turns a signal to the power control element into an OFF signal over a period of time, and then turns a signal to the power control element into an ON signal again in response to an ON signal from the temperature detection circuit; and a temperature setting section. A second switch sets the temperature to the strong scale or resets it to the original set temperature, and when this second switch is set to the strong scale, the timer starts, and while this timer is operating, the second switch A temperature control device having a strong scale holding circuit that holds a switch on the strong scale setting side and resets the second switch to cancel the strong scale when time is up. 2. The temperature control device according to claim 1, comprising hysteresis adjustment means for adjusting the temperature switching width of hysteresis control. 3. The hysteresis control circuit operates the timer when the temperature detection circuit signal changes from an on signal to an off signal, or from an off signal to an on signal, and controls the temperature detection circuit signal while the timer is operating. The signal to the power control element is set as an OFF signal even if it is an ON signal, and when the time is up, the signal to the power control element is set as an ON signal in accordance with the ON signal of the temperature detection circuit. Temperature control device. 4. The hysteresis control circuit starts the timer when the temperature that has reached the set temperature drops by a predetermined differential and the signal of the temperature detection circuit changes from an OFF signal to an ON signal. Temperature control device. 5. The temperature control device according to claim 4, wherein the timer of the hysteresis control circuit is a counting circuit and counts pulses. 6. The temperature control device according to claim 1, wherein the second switch is a manual type operated by a user. 7. The temperature control device according to claim 6, further comprising a circuit that releases the strong scale even when the timer is operating when the second switch is manually reset while the strong scale holding circuit is in operation. 8. The temperature control device according to claim 1, wherein the timer that determines the strong scale holding time is a timer that can adjust the timer time.