JPS6117114B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPS6117114B2 JPS6117114B2 JP53141827A JP14182778A JPS6117114B2 JP S6117114 B2 JPS6117114 B2 JP S6117114B2 JP 53141827 A JP53141827 A JP 53141827A JP 14182778 A JP14182778 A JP 14182778A JP S6117114 B2 JPS6117114 B2 JP S6117114B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ohmic contact
- heating element
- contact electrode
- positive
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、正の抵抗温度係数を有するチタン酸
バリウム係半導体磁器発熱体（以下正特性発熱体
と記す）に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a barium titanate semiconductor ceramic heating element having a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (hereinafter referred to as a positive characteristic heating element).
正特性発熱体は、キユリー温度を適当に選定す
ることにより任意の発熱温度が得られること、キ
ユリー温度を超えると急激な抵抗増加を示して電
流を絞る自己温度制御機能を有し過熱の危険がな
いこと、速応性に富み起動とほとんど同時に定常
温度まで上昇すること等々の優れた特長があり、
従来より種々の発熱装置に使用されている。 Positive characteristic heating elements have a self-temperature control function that allows you to obtain any heat generation temperature by appropriately selecting the Curie temperature, and that when the Curie temperature is exceeded, the resistance rapidly increases and the current is throttled, so there is no risk of overheating. It has excellent features such as being free of heat, quick response, and rising to steady temperature almost immediately after startup.
Conventionally, it has been used in various heat generating devices.
第１図はこの種の正特性発熱体の従来例を示し
ている。図に示すように、従来の正特性発熱体
は、正特性発熱体素体１の相対向二面に、Ni無
電解メツキまたは銀合金ペースト印刷等の方法に
よりオーム性接触電極２，３をそれぞれ被着した
構造に成る。 FIG. 1 shows a conventional example of this type of positive temperature heating element. As shown in the figure, the conventional positive temperature heating element has ohmic contact electrodes 2 and 3 formed on two opposing surfaces of a positive temperature heating element element 1 by a method such as electroless Ni plating or silver alloy paste printing. It becomes a deposited structure.
上述のように、従来の正特性発熱体は、その電
極を、電位障壁を生じないオーム性接触電極２，
３によつて構成してあるから、電極２，３間に電
圧を印加して起動した時、正特性発熱体特有の電
流振動現象が発生し、突入電流が大きくなるた
め、ヒユーズ、ブレーカ等に対する配慮が必要と
なる等、実用上大きな問題があつた。 As mentioned above, a conventional positive temperature heating element uses an ohmic contact electrode 2, which does not create a potential barrier, as its electrode.
3, when a voltage is applied between electrodes 2 and 3 to start up, a current oscillation phenomenon peculiar to positive characteristic heating elements occurs, and the inrush current increases, so it is difficult to prevent fuses, breakers, etc. There were major practical problems, such as the need for consideration.
本発明は上述する従来の欠点を除去すると同時
に、電極に加わる直流電圧の極性を特定すること
により発熱量を変えることの可能な正特性発熱体
を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks and at the same time provide a positive characteristic heating element that can change the amount of heat generated by specifying the polarity of the DC voltage applied to the electrodes.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る正特性
発熱体は、正特性発熱体素体の相対向二面の一面
にオーム性接触電極を、他面には非オーム性接触
電極を有して成ることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the positive characteristic heating element according to the present invention has an ohmic contact electrode on one surface of two opposing surfaces of the positive characteristic heating element element and a non-ohmic contact electrode on the other surface. It is characterized by becoming.
以下実施例たる添付図面を参照し、本発明の内
容を具体的に詳説する。第２図は本発明に係る正
特性発熱体の斜視図、第３図は同じくその断面図
を示している。図において４は厚み方向の相対向
二面に多数の貫通孔５を開口させてハニカム円板
状に形成された正特性発熱体素体である。該正特
性発熱体素体４の一面には非オーム性接触電極６
を被着し、同じく他面にはオーム性接触電極７を
被着してある。前記非オーム性接触電極６は、純
度の高い銀のペーストを塗布し、これを焼付ける
ことによつて形成される。一方オーム性接触電極
７はアルミニウム溶射またはインジウムもしくは
カリウム等の貴金属を微量混合した銀ペーストを
塗布し、これを焼付けることによつて形成してあ
る。 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The contents of the present invention will be specifically explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings which are examples. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a positive temperature heating element according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view thereof. In the figure, reference numeral 4 denotes a positive temperature heating element body formed in the shape of a honeycomb disk with a large number of through holes 5 opened on two opposing faces in the thickness direction. A non-ohmic contact electrode 6 is provided on one surface of the positive characteristic heating element element 4.
, and an ohmic contact electrode 7 is also deposited on the other side. The non-ohmic contact electrode 6 is formed by applying a high purity silver paste and baking it. On the other hand, the ohmic contact electrode 7 is formed by spraying aluminum or by applying a silver paste mixed with a small amount of noble metal such as indium or potassium, and baking the paste.
なお、実施例では、正特性発熱体はハニカム状
となつているが、ペレツト状のものであつてもよ
い。 In the embodiment, the positive temperature heating element has a honeycomb shape, but it may also have a pellet shape.
上述のように正特性発熱体素体４に非オーム性
接触電極６とオーム性接触電極７を設けると、非
オーム性接触電極６の存在によつて、半導体たる
正特性発熱体素体４の表面層に電位障壁が形成さ
れ、整流性接触特性を持つようになるから、正特
性発熱体特有の電流振動現象の発生が抑えられ、
過渡突入電流が減少することとなり、電源回路の
ヒユーズ、ブレーカに対する負担が軽減される。 When the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 and the ohmic contact electrode 7 are provided on the positive temperature heating element element 4 as described above, the presence of the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the positive temperature heating element element 4, which is a semiconductor. Since a potential barrier is formed on the surface layer and it has rectifying contact characteristics, the occurrence of current oscillation phenomenon peculiar to positive temperature heating elements is suppressed.
Transient inrush current is reduced, reducing the burden on fuses and breakers in the power supply circuit.
また当該正特性発熱体を直流電源で駆動する場
合、非オーム性接触電極６に対して半導体たる正
特性発熱体素体４が負となるような電圧、すなわ
ち非オーム性接触電極６に正極性のの直流電圧
を、オーム性接触電極７に対して負極性の直流電
圧を印加すると、両者の接合に関して順方向の電
圧が印加され、正特性発熱体素体４側の電位障壁
が減少し、電流が流れ易くなるから、発熱量が大
きくなる。 In addition, when the positive characteristic heating element is driven by a DC power supply, a voltage is applied such that the positive characteristic heating element element 4, which is a semiconductor, becomes negative with respect to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6, that is, the positive polarity is applied to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6. When a negative DC voltage is applied to the ohmic contact electrode 7, a forward voltage is applied to the junction between the two, and the potential barrier on the side of the positive characteristic heating element element 4 is reduced. Since it becomes easier for current to flow, the amount of heat generated increases.
一方非オーム性接触電極６に対して正特性発熱
体４が正となるような電圧、すなわち非オーム性
接触電極６に負極性の直流電圧を、オーム性接触
電極７に正極性の直流電圧を印加した場合は、両
者の接合に関して逆方向の電圧となるから、電流
が流れ難くなり発熱量が減少する。 On the other hand, apply a voltage such that the positive characteristic heating element 4 becomes positive with respect to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6, that is, a negative DC voltage is applied to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6, and a positive DC voltage is applied to the ohmic contact electrode 7. When applied, the voltage is in the opposite direction with respect to the junction between the two, making it difficult for current to flow and reducing the amount of heat generated.
すなわち、本発明においては、非オーム性接触
電極６およびオーム性接触電極７の間に印加され
る直流電圧の極性を特定することにより、単一の
正特性発熱体を使用して異なる発熱量を得ること
ができる。 That is, in the present invention, by specifying the polarity of the DC voltage applied between the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 and the ohmic contact electrode 7, it is possible to generate different amounts of heat using a single positive characteristic heating element. Obtainable.
次に電極６，７に対する直流電圧の極性と、発
熱量との関係を、第４図および第５図を参照し、
更に具体的に説明する。 Next, the relationship between the polarity of the DC voltage to the electrodes 6 and 7 and the amount of heat generated is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
This will be explained more specifically.
第４図は本発明に係る正特性発熱体の直流印加
電圧に対する発熱特性図を示し、横軸に電圧
（DCV）、縦軸に発熱量（Ｗ）をとつてある。図
において、曲線Ａは非オーム性接触電極６に正極
性直流電圧を、オーム性接触電極７に負極性直流
電圧を印加した場合の発熱特性曲線、曲線Ｂは非
オーム性接触電極６に負極性直流電圧を、オーム
性接触電極７に正極性直流電圧を印加した場合の
発熱特性曲線を示している。この測定結果は、室
温23℃の条件下、直径Ｄ＝50φ、厚みｔ＝3.5mm
のハニカム状正特性発熱体に0.7m3／分の一定風
量を送りながら得たものである。 FIG. 4 shows a heat generation characteristic diagram of the positive characteristic heating element according to the present invention with respect to DC applied voltage, with the horizontal axis representing the voltage (DCV) and the vertical axis representing the amount of heat generated (W). In the figure, curve A is a heat generation characteristic curve when a positive polarity DC voltage is applied to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 and a negative polarity DC voltage is applied to the ohmic contact electrode 7, and curve B is a heat generation characteristic curve when a negative polarity DC voltage is applied to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6. A heat generation characteristic curve is shown when a positive DC voltage is applied to the ohmic contact electrode 7. This measurement result was obtained under the condition of room temperature 23℃, diameter D = 50φ, thickness t = 3.5mm.
This was obtained by sending a constant air volume of 0.7 m 3 /min to a honeycomb-shaped positive temperature heating element.
図から明らかなように、同じ印加電圧に対して
曲線Ａの方が曲線Ｂより発熱量が著るしく大きく
なつている。すなわち、非オーム性接触電極６お
よびオーム性接触電極７に対する直流電圧の極性
を特定するだけで、発熱量を増減できるわけであ
る。 As is clear from the figure, the amount of heat generated in curve A is significantly larger than that in curve B for the same applied voltage. That is, the amount of heat generated can be increased or decreased simply by specifying the polarity of the DC voltage for the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 and the ohmic contact electrode 7.
第５図は第４図の特性測定で使用した正特性発
熱体の風量一発熱量特性図を示し、横軸に風量
（m3／分）、縦軸に発熱量（Ｗ）をとつてある。な
お、印加電圧DC24Vに固定したままとする。 Figure 5 shows the air volume vs. calorific value characteristic diagram of the positive characteristic heating element used in the characteristic measurements in Figure 4, with the horizontal axis plotting the air volume (m 3 /min) and the vertical axis plotting the calorific value (W). . Note that the applied voltage remains fixed at 24V DC.
曲線Ｃは、非オーム性接触電極６に正極性の直
流電圧を加え、オーム性接触電極７に負極性の直
流電圧を加えた場合の発熱量特性曲線を示し風量
の増大と共に発熱量が増大してゆく。 Curve C shows a heat generation characteristic curve when a positive DC voltage is applied to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 and a negative DC voltage is applied to the ohmic contact electrode 7, and the heat generation value increases as the air volume increases. I'm going to go.
一方曲線Ｄは非オーム性接触電極６に負極性の
直流電圧を加え、オーム性接触電極７に正極性の
直流電圧を加えた場合の発熱量特性曲線を示し、
風量の増減にも拘らず、発熱量は殆んど変化しな
い。しかもその発熱量は曲線Ｃに比較して遥かに
小さい。 On the other hand, curve D shows a heat generation characteristic curve when a negative DC voltage is applied to the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 and a positive DC voltage is applied to the ohmic contact electrode 7.
Despite increases and decreases in air volume, the amount of heat generated hardly changes. Furthermore, the amount of heat generated is much smaller than that of curve C.
つまり本発明に係る正特性発熱体は、電極に加
わる直流電圧の極性を切り替えるだけで、風量の
増大と共に発熱量も増大する特性と、風量の増減
に拘らず一定低温発熱特性の両特性を併せ持つ正
特性発熱体を得ることができるものである。 In other words, the positive characteristic heating element according to the present invention has both the characteristic that the amount of heat generated increases as the air volume increases simply by switching the polarity of the DC voltage applied to the electrodes, and the characteristic that the heat generated at a constant low temperature is maintained regardless of the increase or decrease in the air volume. A positive characteristic heating element can be obtained.
本発明に係る正特性発熱体は、上述のような特
性を有するから、発熱量を段階的に変える必要の
ある発熱装置に適用して顕著な効果があるが、こ
のような場合に限らず、いずれか一方の特性だけ
を利用するような発熱装置としても使用し得る。
たとえば、エンジン始動前の自動車室内の初期暖
房や、気化器に供給される空気の予熱などのよう
に、発熱量、風量を大きくする必要がある場合
は、非オーム性接触電極６に正極性の直流電圧
を、またオーム性接触電極７には負極性の直流電
圧を印加し、極性の切り替えは行なわず、第４図
曲線Ａおよび第５図曲線Ｃの特性だけを利用して
もよい。 Since the positive temperature heating element according to the present invention has the above-mentioned characteristics, it has a remarkable effect when applied to a heating device in which the amount of heat generated needs to be changed in stages, but is not limited to such cases. It can also be used as a heat generating device that utilizes only one of the characteristics.
For example, when it is necessary to increase the amount of heat generated and the amount of air, such as for initial heating of the interior of a car before starting the engine or for preheating the air supplied to the carburetor, the non-ohmic contact electrode 6 should be connected to the positive polarity. It is also possible to apply a DC voltage, or a negative DC voltage to the ohmic contact electrode 7, without switching the polarity, and to utilize only the characteristics of the curve A in FIG. 4 and the curve C in FIG. 5.
以上詳説した如く本発明に係る正特性発熱体
は、正特性発熱体素体の相対向二面の一面にオー
ム性接触電極を、他面には非オーム性接触電極を
有して成ることを特徴とするから、次のような効
果がある。 As explained in detail above, the positive temperature heating element according to the present invention has an ohmic contact electrode on one surface of the two opposing surfaces of the positive temperature heating element element and a non-ohmic contact electrode on the other surface. Due to its characteristics, it has the following effects:
(1) 電流振動現象を抑え、突入電流を減少させ、
ヒユーズ、ブレーカ等に対する負担を軽減する
ことができる。(1) Suppress current oscillation phenomenon, reduce inrush current,
The burden on fuses, breakers, etc. can be reduced.
(2) 単一の正特性発熱体を使用し電極に対する印
加電圧の極性を反転するだけで、発熱量を大幅
に変えることができるから発熱量調整が非常に
容易で、安価な発熱装置を得ることができる。(2) By using a single positive characteristic heating element and simply reversing the polarity of the voltage applied to the electrodes, the amount of heat generated can be changed significantly, making it extremely easy to adjust the amount of heat generated and obtain an inexpensive heating device. be able to.
(3) 電極に対する印加電圧の極性を特定すること
により、使用目的にマツチした発熱量の正特性
発熱体を得ることができる。(3) By specifying the polarity of the voltage applied to the electrodes, it is possible to obtain a positive characteristic heating element with a calorific value that matches the intended use.
第１図は従来の正特性発熱体の断面図、第２図
は本発明に係る正特性発熱体の斜視図、第３図は
同じくその断面図、第４図は同じく印加電圧−発
熱量特性図、第５図は同じく風量−発熱量特性図
をそれぞれ示している。
４……正特性発熱体素体、５……貫通孔、６…
…非オーム性接触電極、７……オーム性接触電
極。
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a conventional positive characteristic heating element, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a positive characteristic heating element according to the present invention, Fig. 3 is a sectional view thereof, and Fig. 4 is also an applied voltage-heat generation characteristic. Similarly, FIG. 5 shows air volume-heat amount characteristic diagrams, respectively. 4...Positive characteristic heating element element, 5...Through hole, 6...
...Non-ohmic contact electrode, 7...Ohmic contact electrode.
Claims (1)
ム性接触電極を、他面には非オーム性接触電極を
有して成ることを特徴とする正特性発熱体。 ２ 前記相対向二面に多数の貫通孔を開口させた
ハニカム状に形成されたことを特徴とする特許請
求の範囲第１項に記載の正特性発熱体。 ３ 前記非オーム性接触電極と前記オーム性接触
電極との間に、前者が正極性となる直流電圧を印
加して成ることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１
項または第２項に記載の正特性発熱体。 ４ 前記非オーム性接触電極と前記オーム性接触
電極との間に前者を負極性となる直流電圧を印加
して成ることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項
または第２項に記載の正特性発熱体。[Scope of Claims] 1. A positive characteristic heating element characterized in that it has an ohmic contact electrode on one surface of two opposing surfaces of a positive characteristic heating element element and a non-ohmic contact electrode on the other surface. . 2. The positive temperature heating element according to claim 1, wherein the positive temperature heating element is formed in a honeycomb shape with a large number of through holes opened on the two opposing surfaces. 3. Claim 1, characterized in that a DC voltage is applied between the non-ohmic contact electrode and the ohmic contact electrode so that the former has positive polarity.
The positive characteristic heating element according to item 1 or 2. 4. The positive electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a DC voltage is applied between the non-ohmic contact electrode and the ohmic contact electrode to make the former negative. Characteristic heating element.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14182778A JPS5568076A (en) | 1978-11-16 | 1978-11-16 | Positive characteristic heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14182778A JPS5568076A (en) | 1978-11-16 | 1978-11-16 | Positive characteristic heater |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5568076A JPS5568076A (en) | 1980-05-22 |
| JPS6117114B2 true JPS6117114B2 (en) | 1986-05-06 |
Family
ID=15301039
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14182778A Granted JPS5568076A (en) | 1978-11-16 | 1978-11-16 | Positive characteristic heater |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5568076A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100373651C (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2008-03-05 | 上海交通大学 | Fabrication method of giant magneto-impedance effect magneto-sensitive device based on MEMS |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5920984A (en) * | 1982-07-23 | 1984-02-02 | ティーディーケイ株式会社 | Positive temperature coefficient thermistor unit |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5346260B2 (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1978-12-12 | ||
| JPS5148815A (en) * | 1974-10-24 | 1976-04-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | TEIONE KITAI CHOZOTANKU |
| DE2645013C3 (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1980-11-27 | Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co Gmbh, 7770 Ueberlingen | Circuit arrangement for analog-digital and digital-analog conversion |
| JPS5713996A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-01-25 | Toshiba Corp | Controlling method of inverter |
-
1978
- 1978-11-16 JP JP14182778A patent/JPS5568076A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100373651C (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2008-03-05 | 上海交通大学 | Fabrication method of giant magneto-impedance effect magneto-sensitive device based on MEMS |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5568076A (en) | 1980-05-22 |
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