JPS6135500B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field This invention relates to a bearing testing method and apparatus, and more specifically, a testing method for determining the life of a bearing by applying a composite load of radial load and thrust load or only a radial load. This is related to the device.

Conventional technology An example of a conventional bearing life test device of this type is the Gakushin type ball bearing test device developed by the 126th Committee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Japan Lubrication Society, ed. Lubrication Handbook, published by Yokendo, 1975). June 1st P.790~
〓〓〓〓
(See P.792, Figure 6.8.20) to calculate bearing life by applying only radial load, or the Teimken type load test device [Bearing and Lubrication Handbook Editorial Committee, Bearing and Lubrication Handbook, Daily Edition] Published by Kogyo Shinbunsha, January 30, 1960, P.830-P.833, see Figures 3 and 43], those that can now carry both radial and thrust loads at the same time, or only thrust loads. There are known devices that load

Some of the test equipment that can now only apply radial loads, such as the Gakushin-type ball bearing test equipment mentioned above, allows the attitude of the outer ring to be adjusted relative to the inner ring of the test bearing, but this is not suitable for thrust loads. cannot be loaded at the same time.

For both types of bearings that carry a combined load of radial load and thrust load, and those that carry only thrust load, two test bearings are installed in one test device, and the outer ring of one bearing is loaded with thrust. A structure in which a thrust load is transmitted to the inner ring of the other bearing through the inner ring and a rotating shaft (or a member with the same effect, such as a sleeve) that supports the inner ring, by applying a pressing force in the direction of the inner ring and the inner ring. There is no one that has made it possible to adjust the relative positions of the two.

By the way, the relative position and inclination of the outer ring to the inner ring greatly affects the life of the bearing, and no matter how high the accuracy of the test equipment and the high rigidity of the test equipment, the accuracy of the test bearing and the load applied to it will The true bearing life cannot be determined unless the posture of the inner ring or outer ring is adjusted in response to the relative inclination of the inner and outer rings that occurs.

Therefore, in recent years, the relative inclination of the center axes of the inner and outer rings has been adjusted by rotating the outer ring of the test bearing around the vertical axis and around the horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the inner ring, thereby adjusting the relative inclination of the center axes of the inner and outer rings. By applying a thrust load to the bearing as a tensile force in the vertical axis direction and the axial direction of the bearing, the attitude of the bearing can be adjusted when a composite load of a radial load and a thrust load is applied simultaneously. A bearing testing device has been developed that makes it possible to determine the true bearing life in a bearing life test.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the above-mentioned device;
Figures 2 to 5 show specific examples, and 1 in the figure is a test bearing, in which an inner ring is fitted and fixed to the shaft end of a drive shaft 2 driven by an electric motor (not shown). Then, the sleeve 4 is inserted into the bearing box 3 via the shim 19, and the outer ring is assembled into the sleeve 4. The bearing box 3 is attached to a shaft 6c protruding from the load frame 6 through left and right needle roller bearings 5 located on a horizontal axis H perpendicular to the axis X of the drive shaft 2, so that it can freely rotate around the horizontal axis H. Support.

The load frame 6 has a connecting frame portion 6a extending upward, and is connected to the radial load loading mechanism R via a thrust ball bearing 7 that rotates around a vertical axis V perpendicular to the axis X of the drive shaft 2. Above and below the load frame 6,
A shaft 6b located on the vertical axis V is provided in a protruding manner and is connected to the thrust load applying mechanism T via a needle roller bearing 8 and a connecting rod 9.

The radial load applying mechanism R consists of a radial load generating cylinder 10, a U-shaped connecting member 1, and a thrust ball bearing 7. The connecting member 11 is attached to the rod 1 of the radial load generating cylinder 10 on the upper side.
The connecting frame portion 6a of the load frame 6 is mounted on the thrust ball bearing 7, which is attached to the load frame 6 and supported at the lower side.
By seating the load converter 12 attached to the load converter 12, the load frame 6 is rotatably connected to the radial load loading mechanism about the vertical axis V. Load converter 1
2 is a device that detects the magnitude of the radial load and converts it into electrical output, and the electrical output is recorded on a recorder in a measuring panel (not shown) and displayed on a digital meter. Thus, the bearing box 3 is lifted upward in the vertical axis direction by the radial load applying mechanism R, and the radial load acts on the test bearing 1 as an upward pulling force. The radial load can be set to any value within the maximum output range of the hydraulic cylinder by adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 10 with a pressure reducing valve (not shown).

The thrust load loading mechanism T has a load converter 14 attached to the rod 13a of the hydraulic cylinder 13 for thrust load generation, and the output of the cylinder 13 is transmitted via the load converter 14 to a fulcrum shaft fixed in the vertical axis direction of the test apparatus. The signal is transmitted to a lever 16 pivoted to a lever 15.
The lever 16 has its operating arm 1 as shown in FIG.
6a is formed into a bifurcated arm so as to engage with each of the connecting rods 9 disposed above and below the drive shaft 2, and the output direction of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is reversed and transmitted to the connecting rods 9, and the test bearing , the thrust load is the force in the tensile direction along the axis X of the drive shaft 2〓〓〓〓
to act as The thrust load can be set to any value within the maximum output range of the hydraulic cylinder 13 by adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 13 with a pressure reducing valve (not shown). The load converter 14 converts the magnitude of the thrust load into an electrical output and inputs it to a recorder in a measuring panel (not shown). The recorder records the thrust load and displays it on the digital meter at the same time.

The radial load loading mechanism R is a hydraulic cylinder 10
is supported on a frame 17 so as to be movable in the axial direction of the drive shaft 2, and the hydraulic cylinder 10 is supported by a cylinder shift handle 18 mounted on the frame 17.
The position can be freely adjusted in the above direction.

In the above, the adjustment of the test bearing is the adjustment of the relative inclination of the inner ring and outer ring, which is determined by making two adjustments to the center of the bearing: around the vertical axis V perpendicular to the axis X and around the horizontal axis H. be done.

Therefore, to adjust the bearing posture around the vertical axis V in response to a radial load, the thrust ball bearing 7 on the load line is used to rotate the outer ring around the vertical axis V under a radial load, and then rotate the outer ring around the horizontal axis H in the same way. Adjustment is performed by rotating the outer ring around the horizontal axis H using the needle roller bearing 5 that supports the bearing box 3 on the load frame 6 to follow the attitude of the inner ring.

On the other hand, the load center of the radial load is adjusted by moving the radial load loading mechanism R together with the hydraulic cylinder 10 in the axial direction of the drive shaft 2 using the shim 19 and the cylinder shift handle 18, so that the center of the radial load is adjusted on the load application point of the test bearing. Match.

Adjustment of the bearing posture around the vertical axis V in response to thrust loads is achieved by rotating the outer ring around the vertical axis V under thrust loads using the needle roller bearings 8 at the connection between the load frame 6 and the rods 9. Similarly, adjustment around the horizontal axis H is performed by rotating the outer ring around the horizontal axis H using the needle roller bearing 5 that supports the bearing box 3 on the load frame 6 to follow the posture of the inner ring. In addition, by configuring the engagement portion between the arm 16a of the lever 16 and the rod 9 with a spherical seat as shown in the figure, the fulcrum shaft 1
The thrust load lever arm 16 rotates around 5.
The rotational force a is transmitted to the rod 9 as a force in the direction of the bearing centerline, and the thrust load always acts in the direction of the bearing centerline. In other words, under a combined load, the outer ring moves to follow the inner ring, and its posture can be adjusted.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention Incidentally, when carrying out a life test of a bearing using the above-mentioned apparatus, there is no problem when carrying out a life test by simultaneously applying a radial load and a thrust load to the test bearing. When performing a life test on a type of bearing that cannot carry a thrust load, such as a bearing, the life test must be performed without operating the thrust load mechanism and without applying a thrust load to the test bearing.

However, when carrying out a bearing life test using the above device without applying a thrust load, the rod 9 for applying the thrust load is attached to the hydraulic system and cannot be fixed on the cylinder side. Since the bearing box 3, which is slidable and holds the outer ring of the bearing, is fixed to the load frame via the shaft 6c, the load frame can freely slide along with the rod in the axial direction and move during the bearing life test. The inner and outer rings of the bearing will move relative to each other, and the rolling elements may come off the inner or outer raceway due to the rolling element posture during the test, making it impossible to perform accurate life tests. I had a problem that was about to go away.

Means for Solving Problems One aspect of the present invention is to make the outer ring follow the inner ring around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the inner ring of a test bearing that can be subjected to radial loads and thrust loads. The life of a bearing that is rotated to adjust the relative inclination of the center axis between the inner and outer rings so that the radial load and thrust load act as a tensile force in the vertical axis direction and in the axial direction of the bearing. In the test method, the relative inclination of the center axis between the inner and outer rings was adjusted by rotating the outer ring of the inner ring of the test bearing around the vertical and horizontal axes perpendicular to the axis so as to follow the inner ring. This is a bearing life test method in which the connecting rod to the thrust load loading mechanism is restrained in an immovable state, and only the radial load is applied to the test bearing as a tensile force in the vertical axis direction.

Another invention is an apparatus invention directly used for carrying out the above method invention, which comprises a drive shaft for holding and rotating an inner ring of a test bearing, and a bearing box for holding an outer ring, the bearing box for holding an outer ring. A load frame that rotatably supports a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft〓〓〓〓
In a bearing life test device, the load frame is rotatably connected to each of a radial load loading mechanism and a thrust load loading mechanism around a vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft. A fixed stand is erected in front of the load frame and the thrust load mechanism so that the connecting rod connecting the load frame and the thrust load mechanism can be restrained in an immovable state, and the load frame is placed between the load frame and the fixed stand. A first tilt adjustment device is installed to enable adjustment and rotation around a vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft, and the bearing box is arranged between the load frame and the bearing box perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft. The second tilt adjustment device is installed to enable adjustment and rotation around the horizontal axis.

Effect The method invention described above provides for the life test of a test bearing capable of carrying a radial load and a thrust load.
When carrying out a life test of a test bearing that cannot be subjected to thrust loads by carrying out the test without restraining the connecting rod to the thrust load loading mechanism, it is possible to carry out the test by restraining the connecting rod in an immovable state. During the life test, the test bearing can be prevented from moving in the direction of thrust load.

Further, according to the device invention, the operation of restraining and releasing the restraint of the connecting rod can be carried out at the front of the device, making it easier to carry out the method invention, and furthermore, adjusting the relative inclination of the center axes of the inner and outer rings. It can be performed accurately and quickly around the vertical and horizontal axes perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft.

Embodiment The configuration of an embodiment of this invention is shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 below.
This will be explained with reference to the figures.

In the drawings, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 5 indicate the same constituent members.

In the drawing, 20 is a fixing stand installed in front of the load frame 6 for applying radial load and thrust load to the test bearing, and 21 is a through hole drilled in the upper and lower parts of the fixing stand 20. be. 22 is a load frame 6 that passes through the through hole 21.
This is an extension of the connecting rod 9 that connects the and thrust load applying device T, and the through hole 2 of this extension
A screw is cut in the part that passes through 1, and by screwing nuts 24 and 25 into the threaded part 23, the extension part 22 of the connecting rod 9 can be adjusted in the axial direction to the fixing stand 20. It is designed so that it can be fixed in a fixed position. Note that the method of fixing the connecting rod 9 is not limited to the above method. Then, the extension portion 22 of the connecting rod 9 connected to the load frame 6 via the needle roller bearing 8 is attached to the fixing stand 20.
By fixing it to It is set as.

Reference numeral 26 designates a test bearing 1 in which the extension portion 22 of the connecting rod 9 is fixed to the fixing stand 20, and the movement of the load frame 6 in the axial direction is fixed so that no thrust load can be applied.
The first inclination adjusting device is installed on both sides of the fixing stand 20 in order to adjust the inclination of the test bearing around the vertical axis V when performing a life test with no thrust load applied to the test bearing. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the first adjustment device 26 includes a casing 27 fixed to the fixing stand 20, and a press rod 29 inserted into the casing 27 via a spherical slide bearing 28 so as to be freely thrustable. The tip of the pressing rod 29 holds a spherical slide bearing 30 attached to the outside of a shaft 6c inserted into the load frame 6 in order to support the bearing box 3 inside the load frame 6. A frame is attached. And the first tilt adjustment device 26 installed on both sides of the fixing stand 20
By rotating the knob 31 screwed onto the rear of the pressing rod 29 and sliding the pressing rod 29 in the axial direction, the inclination of the load frame 6 around the vertical axis V is adjusted.
Test Bearing 1 The inclination between the inner and outer rings around the vertical axis V should be adjustable.

32 fixes the extension part 22 of the connecting rod 9 to the fixing stand 20, fixes the movement of the load frame 6 in the axial direction, and performs the life test in a state where no thrust load is applied to the test bearing 1. In order to adjust the inclination of the bearing around the horizontal axis H, a second inclination adjusting device is fixed in a saddle shape to the upper and lower ends of the bearing box 3 which is pivotally supported within the load frame 6. This second tilt adjustment device 32 is composed of a device main body 33 fixed to the upper and lower ends of the bearing box 3, and a press rod 34 slidably screwed into the device main body 33. The tip of the pressing rod 34 is in contact with the side surface of the load frame 6. In addition, the portion of the tip of the press rod 34 that contacts the load frame 6 is made into a spherical shape, so that the load frame 6
〓〓〓〓
Even if the bearing box 3 is tilted, the bearing box 3 is made to follow the tilt and make sure contact. A second tilt adjustment device 32 is attached to the upper and lower ends of the bearing box 3.
By rotating the press rod 34 screwed into the device main body 33 and sliding the press rod 34 in the axial direction to adjust the inclination of the bearing box 3 about the horizontal axis H,
Make sure that the tilt of the test bearing around the horizontal axis H can be adjusted.

In the above configuration, the device according to the present invention is used to test bearings 1 that cannot be subjected to thrust loads, such as cylindrical roller bearings with an outer ring flange, an inner ring without a flange, and whose rolling elements are integrated with the outer ring. To perform a bearing life test with only a radial load applied using a By inserting the sleeve 4 into the bearing box 3, the test bearing 1 is set in the life test apparatus. Next, the extension 22 of the connecting rod 9 is used to position the rolling elements of the test bearing 1 so that they are on the correct rolling surface and apply a thrust load to the test bearing 1.
, fix the stand 20 with nuts 24 and 25.
By fixing the axial position of the load frame 6 connected via the connecting rod 9 and the needle roller bearing 8, the relative position of the inner ring and outer ring of the test bearing 1 in the axial direction is fixed. At this time, by adjusting the fixing position of the connecting rod extension 22 to the fixing stand 20, the relative position of the test bearing 1 in the axial direction can be freely adjusted. Then, if you perform a bearing life test by rotating the drive shaft 2 with only a radial load applied to the test bearing 1 by the radial load loading mechanism R, the inner ring and outer ring will move relative to each other in the axial direction during the test. The life test can be carried out without causing troubles such as movement and the outer ring and rolling elements coming off the inner ring raceway surface during the test.

Furthermore, when performing a life test by fixing the extension portion 22 of the connecting rod 9 to the fixing stand 20 and applying only a radial load to the test bearing 1, the test bearing 1 is given a relative inclination around the vertical axis V, e.g. If you want to perform a life test with the left side facing forward and the right side facing away from the page in Figure 6, please adjust the first tilt adjustment device 26 on the left side in Figure 6 installed on both sides of the fixing stand 20. The loosening press rod 29 can be slid freely,
Pressing rod 2 of the first inclination adjustment device 26 on the right in FIG.
9 presses the load frame 6, and the load frame 6 is aligned with the vertical axis V.
The test bearing 1 can be rotated around the vertical axis V, and the inner and outer rings of the test bearing 1 can be given a relative inclination around the vertical axis V. Note that since the press rod 29 presses the load frame 6, the deflection of the press rod 29 caused by the movement of the bearing when a load is applied is due to the spherical slide bearing 28,
Absorbed by 30. Further, the deflection of the press rod 29 caused by the rotation of the load frame 6 around the horizontal axis H is absorbed by the spherical slide bearing 30.

Also, when performing a life test by applying only a radial load to the test bearing 1, when the test bearing 1 is given a relative inclination around the horizontal axis H, for example, as shown in Fig. 6, the top is in front of you and the bottom is facing you. If you wish to perform a life test in this state, loosen the upper second tilt adjustment device 32 fixed to the upper and lower ends of the bearing box 3 as shown in FIG. The load frame 6 is pressed by the pressing rod 34 of the tilt adjustment device 32 of No. 2, and the bearing box 3 pivoted on the load frame 6 is aligned with the horizontal axis H.
The test bearing 1 can be rotated around the horizontal axis H to give a relative inclination to the inner and outer rings of the test bearing 1.

Also, when performing a life test by applying only a radial load to the test bearing 1, the test bearing 1 is rotated around the vertical axis V,
Or, if you want to perform a life test with a relative tilt around the horizontal axis H, use the first tilt adjustment device 26 installed on the fixing stand 20 or the second tilt adjustment device 32 installed on the bearing box 3. may be operated simultaneously to give relative inclinations to the inner and outer rings of the test bearing 1 around the vertical axis V and the horizontal axis H.

Furthermore, the extension part 22 of the connecting rod 9 is released from the fixed stand 20, and the radial load applying device R is removed.
By operating the thrust load applying device T, a life test can be performed with a radial load and a thrust load applied to the test bearing 1 at the same time.
In addition, in this device, the life test can be performed by giving relative inclinations to the bearing around the horizontal axis H and the vertical axis V using the first and second inclination adjustment devices 26 and 32. Since the test can be performed at any slope including the above, desired test results can be obtained.

Effects of the Invention As explained above, the present invention rotates the inner ring of a test bearing capable of carrying radial loads and thrust loads around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the bearing, so that the outer ring follows the inner ring. Between the inner and outer rings 〓〓〓〓
In a bearing life test method in which the relative inclination of the center axis is adjusted and the radial load and thrust load are applied as tensile forces in the vertical axis direction and the axial direction of the bearing, After adjusting the relative inclination of the center axis between the inner and outer rings by rotating the outer ring to follow the inner ring around the vertical and horizontal axes perpendicular to the inner ring's axis, connect it to the thrust load loading mechanism. Since the rod was restrained in an immobile state and only the radial load was applied to the test bearing as a tensile force in the vertical axis direction, a bearing that could be subjected to both radial load and thrust load using one life test device. A life test in which a radial load and a thrust load are applied simultaneously to a bearing, and a life test in which only a radial load is applied without applying a thrust load to a bearing that cannot carry a thrust load with only a radial load. 2
Two tests can be performed.

Further, the present invention includes a drive shaft that holds and rotates the inner ring of the test bearing, and a bearing box that holds the outer ring, and supports the bearing box rotatably around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft. In a bearing life test device, a load frame is provided, and the load frame is rotatably connected to each of a radial load loading mechanism and a thrust load loading mechanism around a vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft. , A fixed stand is erected in front of the device so that the connecting rod connecting the load frame and the thrust load loading mechanism can be restrained in an immovable state, and the load is placed between the load frame and the fixed stand. A first tilt adjustment device is installed to enable adjustment and rotation of the frame around a vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft, and a bearing box is placed between the load frame and the bearing box. Since a second tilt adjustment device is installed to enable adjustment and rotation around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis, the connecting rod can be easily restrained and restrained from the front side of the device. Adjustment of the relative inclination of the center axis can also be performed accurately and quickly around the vertical axis and the horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft, and can be easily installed in conventional equipment.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a conventional example of a bearing life test device, Fig. 2 is a front view of the conventional bearing life test device, Fig. 3 is a side view thereof, and Fig. 4 is a partial illustration of a conventional bearing life test device. 5 is a rear view taken from the line - in FIG. 3, FIG. 6 is a front view of the bearing life test device according to the present invention, FIG. 7 is a side sectional view thereof, and FIG. 8 is the present invention. No. 1 used in bearing life test equipment related to
FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view showing the tilt adjustment device of FIG.
FIG. 1...Test bearing, 2...Drive shaft, 3...Bearing box, 6...
Load frame, 9... Connection rod, 20... Fixing stand, 21... Through hole, 22... Extension part, 23... Threaded part, 24, 25... Nut, 26... First inclination adjustment device, 29... Press rod, 32 ...Second inclination adjustment device, 34...Press rod. 〓〓〓〓

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. For the inner ring of a test bearing capable of carrying radial loads and thrust loads, the outer ring is moved simultaneously around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis so as to follow the inner ring, and the inner ring is moved between the inner and outer rings. In a bearing life test method, the relative inclination of the central axis of the test bearing is adjusted so that the radial load and thrust load act as forces in the tensile direction in the vertical axis direction and the axial direction of the bearing. After adjusting the relative inclination of the center axis between the inner and outer rings by rotating the outer ring to follow the inner ring around the vertical and horizontal axes perpendicular to the axis, the thrust load is applied to the thrust load mechanism. A bearing life test method characterized in that a connecting rod is restrained in an immobile state and only a radial load is applied to the test bearing as a tensile force in the vertical axis direction. 2. A load frame comprising a drive shaft that holds and rotates the inner ring of the test bearing and a bearing box that holds the outer ring, and that supports the bearing box rotatably around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft. In a bearing life test device in which the load frame is rotatably connected to each of a radial load loading mechanism and a thrust load loading mechanism about a vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft, A fixed stand is erected in front so that a connecting rod connecting the load frame and the thrust load loading mechanism can be restrained in an immovable state, and the load frame is moved between the load frame and the fixed stand. A first tilt adjustment device is installed to enable adjustment and rotation around a vertical axis perpendicular to the axis of the shaft,
Life test of a bearing, characterized in that a second tilt adjustment device is installed between the load frame and the bearing box to enable adjustment of the bearing box around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft. Device.