JPS6136612B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6136612B2 JPS6136612B2 JP13341380A JP13341380A JPS6136612B2 JP S6136612 B2 JPS6136612 B2 JP S6136612B2 JP 13341380 A JP13341380 A JP 13341380A JP 13341380 A JP13341380 A JP 13341380A JP S6136612 B2 JPS6136612 B2 JP S6136612B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- receiving section
- light receiving
- optical path
- measurement cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005446 dissolved organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は紫外線の吸光度を利用した水質有機汚
濁量測定装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the amount of organic pollution in water using the absorbance of ultraviolet rays.
一般に水中に溶解している有機物質は、紫外領
域において、その化学種の固有な吸収スペクトル
を有しており、ある波長を固定して吸光度を測定
すると濃度に比例することになり、この現象はラ
ンバート・ベール（Lambert・Beer）の法則とし
て、よく知られている。 Generally, organic substances dissolved in water have a unique absorption spectrum of the chemical species in the ultraviolet region, and when measuring absorbance at a fixed wavelength, it is proportional to the concentration, and this phenomenon is This is well known as the Lambert-Beer law.
上記の関係は入射光の強さをIo、透過光路の長
さ（セル長）をｌ、透過光の強さをIt、吸光度を
Ｅとした場合
吸光度Ｅ＝logIo／It ………(1)
＝εCl ………(2)
（ただしε：吸光係数、Ｃ：濃度）
で表わされる。 The above relationship is when the intensity of incident light is Io, the length of the transmitted optical path (cell length) is l, the intensity of transmitted light is It, and the absorbance is E. Absorbance E = log Io / It ...... (1) = εCl (2) (where ε: extinction coefficient, C: concentration).
本発明の装置は上記の基本原理に基づき、紫外
線（254nｍ）の有機物吸収現象を利用して有機
汚濁濃度を測定するものであるが、測定資料中に
おいて紫外線が有機物によつて吸収される以外に
浮遊物質SS等によつても吸収され指示値に妨害
が与えられる。 The device of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned basic principle and measures the concentration of organic contaminants by utilizing the organic matter absorption phenomenon of ultraviolet rays (254 nm). It is also absorbed by suspended solids such as SS and interferes with the indicated value.
この妨害を補正するため、従来の測定装置にお
いては可視光が有機物吸収現象を示さない事を利
用し、一定寸法のセル長を持つ適当な構造の光学
セルに試料水を流し、低圧水銀灯の発する254n
ｍの紫外線及び可視光線の２種類の光を同時に透
過させ、それぞれの吸光度の差を光電的に測定し
て浮遊物質による妨害を補正するようにしてい
た。 To compensate for this interference, conventional measuring equipment takes advantage of the fact that visible light does not exhibit organic absorption phenomena, and flows the sample water through an appropriately structured optical cell with a certain cell length, and uses the light emitted by a low-pressure mercury lamp. 254n
Two types of light, ultraviolet rays and visible rays, are transmitted simultaneously, and the difference in absorbance of each is measured photoelectrically to correct for interference caused by suspended substances.
このような従来の測定装置によれば、紫外線に
おける浮遊物質等の妨害値と、可視光による浮遊
物質等による妨害値が一定の関係の時のみ有効で
あるが、種々の妨害の影響が２波長間で異なる場
合には再調整する必要があつた。 These conventional measurement devices are effective only when there is a constant relationship between the interference value of suspended solids, etc. in ultraviolet rays and the interference value due to suspended solids, etc. in visible light, but the influence of various interferences is If there were discrepancies between the two, readjustment was necessary.
本発明は上記した従来の問題点を解決すること
を目的として成されたものであり、紫外線の単波
長を用い、異なる二つの測定方式で測定し浮遊物
質等の妨害を補正するようにした水質有機汚濁量
測定装置を提供するものである。 The present invention was made with the aim of solving the above-mentioned conventional problems, and uses a single wavelength of ultraviolet rays to measure water quality using two different measurement methods to correct for disturbances such as suspended solids. The present invention provides an organic pollution amount measuring device.
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明では単光源
と二つの受光部による二測定補正方式を採用し、
一方の受光部の光路中の測定セルより少し離れた
位置に設け、他方の受光部と光路中の測定セルの
後方に近接して設けられた集光板に取付けるよう
に配置し、これらの受光部の出力を演算して有機
汚濁物質の濃度を求めるように成している。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a two-measurement correction method using a single light source and two light receiving sections,
One light receiving section is installed at a position slightly apart from the measuring cell in the optical path, and the other light receiving section is arranged so as to be attached to a condenser plate provided close to the rear of the measuring cell in the optical path. The concentration of organic pollutants is determined by calculating the output of
以下本発明の一実施例について図面と共に詳細
に説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
図は本発明の水質有機汚濁量測定装置の一実施
例を示す全体構成図で、１は単光源であり254n
ｍの紫外光線を発する。他の波長（可視光）のス
ペクトルを含む場合には254nｍの紫外線を透過
させる紫外線フイルタが設けられる。単光源１よ
り発生した紫外線はスリツト板２を通り、第１の
光路Ｌ１及び第２の光路Ｌ２を形成して測定試料
１３の流れる測定セル３を通過する。第１の光路
Ｌ１の測定セル３の後方の数cm離れた位置に第１
の受光部４が設けられ、この第１の受光部４の出
力は増幅器５で増幅されて演算部６に導入され
る。また第２の光路Ｌ２の測定セル３の後方には
測定セル３に近接して第２の受光部７が設けら
れ、測定セル３と第２の受光部７の間にすりガラ
ス、オパールガラス（乳白色ガラス）等よりなる
集光板（散乱板）８が設けられる。第２の受光部
７の出力は増幅器９で増幅されて演算部６に導入
される。 The figure is an overall configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the water organic pollution amount measuring device of the present invention, where 1 is a single light source and 254n
emits ultraviolet light of m. If the spectrum includes other wavelengths (visible light), an ultraviolet filter that transmits 254 nm ultraviolet light is provided. The ultraviolet rays generated by the single light source 1 pass through the slit plate 2, form a first optical path L1 and a second optical path L2, and pass through the measurement cell 3 through which the measurement sample 13 flows. A first light beam is placed several cm behind the measuring cell 3 on the first optical path L1.
A light receiving section 4 is provided, and the output of this first light receiving section 4 is amplified by an amplifier 5 and introduced into a calculation section 6. Further, a second light receiving section 7 is provided behind the measuring cell 3 in the second optical path L2 in close proximity to the measuring cell 3, and between the measuring cell 3 and the second light receiving section 7 are ground glass, opal glass (milky white A light condensing plate (scattering plate) 8 made of glass or the like is provided. The output of the second light receiving section 7 is amplified by an amplifier 9 and introduced into the arithmetic section 6.
１０は光源１の近傍に設けられた光源補正用の
受光部であり、この受光部１０の出力は増幅器１
１で増幅されて演算部６に導入される。また演算
部６の出力は指示計１２に与えられる。 10 is a light receiving section for light source correction provided near the light source 1, and the output of this light receiving section 10 is sent to the amplifier 1.
1 and introduced into the arithmetic unit 6. Further, the output of the calculation section 6 is given to the indicator 12.
上記の構成において、単光源１より発生した紫
外線はスリツト板２を通り測定セル３を通過す
る。そして第１光路Ｌ１及び第２光路Ｌ２の光は
測定セル３内を流れる測定試料１３の有機物等に
より一部紫外線が吸収されて減光され、その光量
の変化が受光部４及び７によつて検出され、測定
される。これらの透過光信号は前記した(1)式に基
づき増幅器５及び９で対数増幅されて対数変換さ
れ、吸光度に変換されて演算部６に入力される。
第１の受光部４及び第２の受光部７で測定される
吸光度は透過光については比例して変化する。そ
して第１の受光部４を測定セル３より数cm離して
配置したことによつて生ずる第１の受光部４の受
光面に入射される光の減光分と、第２の受光部７
と測定セル３の間に集光板８を介在させることに
よつて生ずる第２の受光部７の受光面に入射され
る光の減光分が同じになるように設定しておけば
測定試料１３中に浮遊物質SSがなく有機物（溶
解したもので254nｍの紫外線で吸収する有機
物）が存在する場合
第１の受光部４による吸光度E4＝E0 ……(3)
第２の受光部７による吸光度E7＝E0 ……(4)
（ただしE0は有機物による吸光度）
となり、第１の受光部４及び第２の受光部７は同
じ出力となる。 In the above configuration, the ultraviolet rays generated by the single light source 1 pass through the slit plate 2 and the measurement cell 3. The light in the first optical path L1 and the second optical path L2 is attenuated by some of the ultraviolet rays being absorbed by the organic matter of the measurement sample 13 flowing inside the measurement cell 3, and the change in the amount of light is caused by the light receiving parts 4 and 7. Detected and measured. These transmitted light signals are logarithmically amplified and logarithmically converted by the amplifiers 5 and 9 based on the above-mentioned equation (1), converted into absorbance, and input to the calculation unit 6.
The absorbance measured by the first light receiving section 4 and the second light receiving section 7 changes in proportion to the transmitted light. Then, the attenuation of the light incident on the light receiving surface of the first light receiving section 4 caused by arranging the first light receiving section 4 several cm apart from the measurement cell 3 and the amount of light attenuation caused by the second light receiving section 7
If the measurement sample 13 is set so that the amount of attenuation of the light incident on the light receiving surface of the second light receiving section 7 caused by interposing the light condensing plate 8 between the measurement sample 13 and the measurement cell 3 is the same. When there are no suspended solids SS inside and organic matter (dissolved organic matter that absorbs ultraviolet rays of 254 nm) is present, the absorbance by the first light receiving section 4 is E 4 =E 0 ... (3) According to the second light receiving section 7 Absorbance E 7 =E 0 (4) (where E 0 is the absorbance due to organic matter), and the first light receiving section 4 and the second light receiving section 7 have the same output.
次に測定試料１３中に浮遊物質SS等がある場
合には単光源１からの入射光量は測定セル３中の
浮遊物質SSにより四方八方に散乱し、第１の受
光部４への入射光は減光され浮遊物質SSの影響
を大きく受けることになる。一方第２の受光部７
への入射光は集光板８により浮遊物質SSによつ
て散乱された光の一部を集光して入射されること
になるので浮遊物質SSの影響をを受けにくくな
る。 Next, when there are suspended solids SS etc. in the measurement sample 13, the amount of incident light from the single light source 1 is scattered in all directions by the suspended solids SS in the measurement cell 3, and the incident light on the first light receiving section 4 is The light will be dimmed and will be greatly affected by suspended solids. On the other hand, the second light receiving section 7
Since the incident light is collected by the condenser plate 8 after condensing a part of the light scattered by the suspended solids SS, it becomes less susceptible to the influence of the suspended solids SS.
従つて
E4＝E0＋E1 ………(5)
E7＝E0＋E2 ………(6)
となる。（ただしE1、E2は浮遊物質SSの散乱によ
る減光）
また上記した浮遊物質SSの散乱による減光
E1、E2の関係については受光部４及び７の配置
位置及び集光板８の種類、形状によつて変化する
が、その配置位置等を固定すれば、E1とE2の関
係も一定となり、この関係はあらかじめ濃度の判
明している浮遊物質SSを含んだ標準水を測定す
ることにより決定することが出来る。 Therefore, E 4 =E 0 +E 1 (5) E 7 =E 0 +E 2 (6). (However, E 1 and E 2 are attenuation due to scattering of suspended solids SS) Also, attenuation due to scattering of suspended solids SS mentioned above
The relationship between E 1 and E 2 varies depending on the placement positions of the light receiving sections 4 and 7 and the type and shape of the condenser plate 8, but if the placement positions etc. are fixed, the relationship between E 1 and E 2 will remain constant. This relationship can be determined by measuring standard water containing suspended solids SS whose concentration is known in advance.
今仮りに E1＝2E2 ………(7) の関係があるとする。 Suppose now that there is a relationship of E 1 = 2E 2 ......(7).
演算部６は上記した増幅器５及び９の出力を受
け、また上記(5)〜(7)式に従つて浮遊物質SSの影
響を除いた吸光度を算出するよう動作し、上記の
場合には、
E0＝2E7−E4 ………(8)
の演算が演算部６で実行され、その結果E0が指
示計１２で表示される。 The calculation unit 6 receives the outputs of the amplifiers 5 and 9 described above, and operates to calculate the absorbance excluding the influence of suspended solids SS according to the above equations (5) to (7), and in the above case, E 0 =2E 7 −E 4 (8) is executed in the calculation unit 6, and the result E 0 is displayed on the indicator 12.
なお受光部１０は光源１の発光光量の変化を検
知し、その変化出力を増幅器１１を介して演算部
６に導入して光源の光量変化の補償が行なわれ
る。 Note that the light receiving section 10 detects a change in the amount of light emitted from the light source 1, and the output of the change is introduced into the arithmetic section 6 via the amplifier 11 to compensate for the change in the amount of light emitted from the light source.
このように本発明の水質有機汚濁量測定装置は
２種類の測定値により測定試料１３の有機汚濁濃
度（以下COD値と称す）を算出するものであ
る。 As described above, the water organic pollution amount measuring device of the present invention calculates the organic pollution concentration (hereinafter referred to as COD value) of the measurement sample 13 based on two types of measured values.
尚本発明の水質有機汚濁量測定装置は演算部６
にて第１受光部４からの出力および第２受光部７
からの出力をも信号に変換できることから第１受
光部４および第２受光部７の測定値も表示するこ
とができる。 The water organic pollution amount measuring device of the present invention has a calculation section 6.
The output from the first light receiving section 4 and the second light receiving section 7
Since the output from the sensor can also be converted into a signal, the measured values of the first light receiving section 4 and the second light receiving section 7 can also be displayed.
従つて本発明の水質有機汚濁量測定装置によれ
ば第１受光部４の測定値、第２受光部７の測定
値、第１受光部および第２受光部７の測定値より
算出した値の３種類の測定値を表示でき、これら
３種類の測定値の内より、実際のCOD値（手分
析によつて求められる値）と相関係数の一致しや
すい出力を選択して用いることができる。 Therefore, according to the water organic pollution measuring device of the present invention, the measured value of the first light receiving section 4, the measured value of the second light receiving section 7, and the value calculated from the measured values of the first light receiving section and the second light receiving section 7. Three types of measured values can be displayed, and from among these three types of measured values, it is possible to select and use the output whose correlation coefficient is more likely to match the actual COD value (value determined by manual analysis). .
ここで実際のCOD値と３種類の測定値との一
般的相関関係を述べると、
すなわちCOD値として
(1) 浮遊物質がない場合にはE4、E7、(8)式の計
算値の何れでもよい。 Here, we describe the general correlation between the actual COD value and the three types of measured values: (1) In the absence of suspended solids, E 4 , E 7 , and the calculated value of equation (8) Either is fine.
(2) 浮遊物質がありその影響が少しある場合には
E7の値、
(3) 浮遊物質があり、その影響が大きい場合には
E4の値、
(4) 浮遊物質があり、その影響がない場合には(8)
式の計算値。(2) If there is suspended matter and its influence is slight,
E 7 value, (3) If there are suspended solids and their influence is large,
The value of E 4 , (4) if there is suspended solids and no effect, (8)
The calculated value of the expression.
を用いることによつてより正確なCOD値を得る
ことができる。A more accurate COD value can be obtained by using
以上述べたように本発明の水質有機汚濁量測定
装置によれば、単波長２測定法により紫外線の吸
光度を浮遊物の影響を含めた３種類の計測が行な
えるため、より正確なCOD値を測定することが
できる。また従来の２波長補正方式によれば資料
の内容によつて、妨害の補正法について個々に検
討する必要があり、且つ着色水に対しては２波長
の為、その吸光度が異なる場合があり、場合によ
つては補正する事が好ましくない時が生じる等、
使用上むずかしい点があつたが、本発明によれば
単波長のみによる測定であるため上記の如き問題
点もなく測定精度が向上し、しかも取扱いが簡単
になる等の大きな効果がある。 As described above, according to the water organic pollution measuring device of the present invention, it is possible to measure three types of ultraviolet absorbance including the influence of suspended matter using the two single wavelength measurement method, so more accurate COD values can be obtained. can be measured. In addition, with the conventional two-wavelength correction method, it is necessary to individually consider the interference correction method depending on the content of the data, and because there are two wavelengths for colored water, the absorbance may differ. In some cases, it may not be desirable to make corrections, etc.
However, according to the present invention, since measurement is performed using only a single wavelength, the measurement accuracy is improved without the above-mentioned problems, and there are great effects such as ease of handling.
図は本発明の一実施例を示す全体構成図であ
る。
１……単光源、Ｌ１……第１光路、Ｌ２……第
２光路、３……測定セル、４……第１受光部、７
……第２受光部、８……集光板、６……演算部、
１２……指示計。
The figure is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 1... Single light source, L1... First optical path, L2... Second optical path, 3... Measurement cell, 4... First light receiving section, 7
... Second light receiving section, 8 ... Light condensing plate, 6 ... Calculation section,
12...Indicator.
Claims (1)
び第２光路と、 前記第１及び第２光路中に設置された測定セル
と、 前記測定セルを通過した第１光路の紫外光を該
測定セルより少し離れた位置で受光する第１受光
部と、 前記測定セル及び該測定セルの後方に近接して
設けられた集光板を通過した第２光路の紫外光を
該集光板に取付けられるように配置された位置で
受光する第２受光部と、 上記第１及び第２受光部からの出力信号に基づ
く演算結果出力に基づいて測定セルを通過する試
料の有機汚濁濃度を算出し、該算出値を信号に変
換する演算手段とより成る水質有機汚濁量測定装
置。 ２ 前記演算手段は上記第１受光部からの出力お
よび上記第２受光部からの出力をも信号に変換で
きることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載
の水質有機汚濁量測定装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A single light source that emits a single wavelength of ultraviolet light; a first optical path and a second optical path through which the ultraviolet light from the single light source passes; and a measurement cell installed in the first and second optical paths. a first light-receiving section that receives the ultraviolet light of the first optical path that has passed through the measurement cell at a position slightly distant from the measurement cell; and a light-condensing plate provided close to the measurement cell and the rear of the measurement cell. a second light receiving section that receives the ultraviolet light of the second optical path that has passed through the second optical path at a position arranged to be attached to the light condensing plate; and a calculation result output based on the output signals from the first and second light receiving sections. An apparatus for measuring the amount of organic pollution in water, comprising calculation means for calculating the concentration of organic pollution in a sample passing through a measurement cell and converting the calculated value into a signal. 2. The water organic pollution amount measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the calculation means can also convert the output from the first light receiving section and the output from the second light receiving section into signals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13341380A JPS5757242A (en) | 1980-09-24 | 1980-09-24 | Measuring device for amount of organic pollution in water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13341380A JPS5757242A (en) | 1980-09-24 | 1980-09-24 | Measuring device for amount of organic pollution in water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5757242A JPS5757242A (en) | 1982-04-06 |
| JPS6136612B2 true JPS6136612B2 (en) | 1986-08-19 |
Family
ID=15104181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13341380A Granted JPS5757242A (en) | 1980-09-24 | 1980-09-24 | Measuring device for amount of organic pollution in water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5757242A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59187836U (en) * | 1983-05-27 | 1984-12-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | storage power system |
| DE202017106764U1 (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-02-14 | Mikrowellen Labor Technik Ag | spectrometer |
-
1980
- 1980-09-24 JP JP13341380A patent/JPS5757242A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5757242A (en) | 1982-04-06 |
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