JPS6146384B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a misprint monitoring device that monitors misprints that occur during the bookbinding process.

Conventional misprint monitoring devices print marks such as spines on the backs of signatures, detect the marks using photoelectric elements, and identify whether or not the signatures are normal. However, with this conventional device, it is necessary to print a backing mark on the signature, and the position of the backing mark varies depending on the printed matter, so the installation position of the backing mark detector can be adjusted depending on the printed matter being handled. I had to.

In addition, since all printing paper is folded by machine, compared to the traditional hand-folding process, folding may be uneven or misaligned, and the spine tag may be folded in and erased.
Each time, the machine malfunctioned or stopped.

Further, since a large number of folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded folded sheets were placed on the folded folded folding stand (hereinafter referred to simply as a frame) were often misaligned with each other when placed on the stacked folding table. Conventional paper misalignment monitoring devices cannot correct the misalignment of signatures when they are placed on the folding table of a collating machine, so even if the signatures are good, they may be determined to be defective. There were a lot of problems, and the efficiency of the collation work was poor.

Conventionally, general printed materials have been distinguished in the following manner. First, light is shined onto the paper surface of a standard printed matter, the state of the reflected light is converted into an electrical signal, and then this is compared with the electrical signal from the paper surface to be monitored to determine whether it is of the same type or different type. was.

This can be further divided into:
There are those that place optical sensors at several points on the paper surface and capture signals by fixing the paper surface, static ones that capture the entire image like a TV camera, and those that move the sensor and the paper surface to change the light within a certain zone of the paper surface. It is a dynamic device that extracts the signal as a signal. However, all of these require a considerable range in the sensitivity of the comparison circuit, and some printed matter may lack detection sensitivity and cannot be discriminated. For example, it can be said that it is extremely difficult to distinguish between literary books, which have printed characters arranged in the same way.

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a misprint monitor that can detect and eliminate misprints regardless of the type of printed matter and the presence or absence of a spine label, and can also correct misalignment of signatures. The goal is to provide equipment.

The misprint monitoring device of the present invention first stores the signal of the bottom page of the standard signature in a memory, then stores the signal of the bottom page of the monitored signature in another memory, and compares the two. to determine if the paper is different.

The misprint monitoring device of the present invention needs to measure a large number of points on the paper surface. For this reason, a large number of measurement points are obtained by time-sharing the continuous electrical quantity from the optical sensor as will be described later. The measurement begins as soon as the signature moves over the frame and continues until the signature leaves the frame.

However, this comparison could simply be made as E(t) - E'(t) = 0 (E(t) indicates the signal from the standard paper, and E'(t) indicates the signal from the monitoring paper). There is a risk that any irregularities in the paper surface, measurement errors, positional deviations, etc. will be judged as defective. Therefore, we set E(t)-E'(t)<±M, and let M be the defect level that is expected to occur when measuring the amount of reflected light at the same position.
It is determined that the signals are not the same beyond this point.

However, microscopic differences often occur even on the same page due to a single spot of dirt or small print irregularities. For this reason, when measuring two paper surfaces and comparing individual measurement points that are time-divided, there will be many points where the same signal will not be obtained depending on the position. Therefore, in the present invention, the points that are defective by comparing the same positions with each other are totaled, and the ratio of the number of defective points to the number of all measurement points is set in advance, and the defective points are determined in this ratio. When the number of pages exceeds , it is determined that the monitored paper is a different type of paper.

Further, positional deviations on the frame are corrected by using a plurality of optical sensors. To detect left-right misalignment (misalignment perpendicular to the direction of signature movement), multiple optical sensors are installed, and the memory is read out and compared while switching. Furthermore, for front-to-back deviations (shifts in the direction of movement of signatures), a constant is added or subtracted from the memory address, read out, and compared. Based on this comparison result, a non-defective product determination storage circuit determines whether the monitored signature is a non-defective product or a defective product.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a misprint monitoring device according to the present invention. The misprint monitoring device of the present invention can correct positional deviations on the frame.

The sensor unit 1 is fixed to the frame of the collating machine, and monitors the bottom paper surface of the signatures stacked on the frame of the collating machine. The sensor section 1 is composed of a plurality of optical sensors arranged perpendicularly to the direction of movement of the signature. The sensor unit 1 is constructed to reflect light from a light source lamp onto a paper surface, and convert the reflected light into an analog quantity of electricity by a light receiving element. The output of the sensor section 1 is amplified by an amplifier 2. The amplifier 2 is preferably a buffer amplifier that performs impedance conversion in order to prevent noise and the like from entering.

The amplified signal is sent to the AD controller 11. The AD controller 11 samples the analog signal during the measurement pulse of the measurement time controller 12 and converts it to the AD converter 13.
send to The measurement time controller 12 is activated by signal pulses from the starter 3. Starter 3 is attached to the power shaft of the collating machine,
A signal pulse is generated as soon as the collating machine grasps the signatures on the frame and begins to pull them out. Sampling is performed in a time-division manner using pulses from the encoder 4. encoder 4
is attached to the power shaft of the collating machine and generates pulses in accordance with the working speed of the machine. 1024 pulses are generated per rotation of the rotating shaft. The sampled signal is sent to the AD converter 13,
converted into a digital signal.

The sensor section 1, amplifier 2, starter 3, and encoder 4 are installed inside the collating machine.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing how the amplified output of the sensor unit 1 is sampled and further AD converted. The vertical axis shows the amount of reflected light, and the horizontal axis shows time. The output 20 from the sensor unit 1 is divided into time (horizontal axis).

Through this operation, analog signals are stored as digital signals at many measurement points in the storage circuit 75 in accordance with the data order according to instructions from the memory controller 14. The memory circuit 75 is mainly divided into the standard memory 15 and the monitoring memory 1 due to its role.
It can be divided into 6 parts. There is no functional difference between the standard memory 15 and the monitoring memory 16. The monitoring memory 16 is further composed of a plurality of memories. The memory 15 stores information on the standard paper, and the memory 16 stores information on the monitored paper. The information on the page depends on the size of the page, e.g.
With multi-point digital signals of 400, 200, and 100,
They are stored in memory 15 or memory 16 in order. The operations of memory 15 and memory 16 are as follows.

The contents of the memory 16 are stored in the level failure detector 31.
The content is compared with the contents of the memory 15, and if there is a difference of more than a predetermined level M, it is detected as a defective point. That is, information on the first measurement point on the standard paper surface of the memory 15 (hereinafter referred to as Et) is derived to the level failure detector 31. Subsequently, information (hereinafter referred to as E't) at the first measurement point on the monitoring paper in the memory 16 is led to the level failure detector 31. and,
The level defect detector 31 determines whether E't is a defective point by determining Et-E't<M.
The level M is arbitrarily set by the defective level setter 32. For example, it is divided into small kanji characters, pictures and patterns, etc., and level M can be set depending on the condition of the monitored paper.

If E't is a defect signal, one pulse is sent from the level defect detector 31 to the defect rate detector 51. The defect rate detector 51 counts the number of pulses. Next, the information on the second measurement point on the standard paper (Et) and the information on the second measurement point on the monitoring paper (E′t) are compared in the same way to determine whether E′t is a defective signal. It is determined. This operation is performed for all measurement points. The memory circuit 75 will be explained in more detail later using FIG. 2.

The measurement time controller 12 uses the measurement end pulse from the preset counter 21 to
The operation of the AD controller 11 is ended. The preset counter 21 counts the pulses from the encoder 4 and outputs the counting end pulses to the counting time controller 1 according to the settings of the paper size setting device 22.
Send to 2. The paper size setting device 22 is set according to the size of the signatures to be bound. “(B)” in Figure 4
As shown in "Movement of Signatures," the movement of the collating machine's vise grasping the signatures and transporting them to the conveyor is completed by the time the power shaft rotates half a turn. During this time, the encoder 4 generates 512 pulses. The measurement on the paper is based on the pulse of this encoder 4.
It was completed before 512 pieces were released, and there are approximately 400 pieces in A4 size. Therefore, in the case of the A5 size, which is half the size of the A4 size, measurement is completed with 200 pieces, and in the case of the A6 size, measurement is completed with 100 pieces. Paper size setting device 2
2 is to set this number of pulses, and based on this setting, the preset counter 21 sends a measurement end pulse to the measurement time controller 12 to end the measurement.

In this way, the measurement ends with the measurement end pulse. At this time, the number of defective signals is stored in the defective rate detector 51. Whether or not a signature is defective is determined based on the ratio of the number of defective signals to the total number of measurement points. This is to prevent the same paper surface from being determined to be of different types due to slight stains on the paper surface. The preset counter 41 counts the pulses of the encoder 4 during the measurement time, and stores the total number of measurement points. The defective rate setting device 42 sets the percentage of the defective signal to the total number of measurement points. For example, on an A4 sheet of paper, the defective rate setting device 4
If 2 is set to 20% and the number of measurement points on an A4 size sheet is 400, the limit for the number of defective signals will be 80 points. this
Information on 80 points is sent from the preset counter 41 to the failure rate detector 51. The number of defective signals is stored in the defective rate detector 51, and this number of defective signals is compared with the information sent from the preset counter 41, and the signal indicating whether the monitored paper is of the same or different type is determined to be continuous defective. The signal is sent to the occurrence detector 61. The continuous failure occurrence detector 61 issues a failure command to a command circuit (not shown) as a final failure only when the number of failure determinations reaches the number set by the continuous failure count setting device 62. Continuous failure count setting device 6
In 2, if even one sheet is determined to be defective, a defect command can be issued, but in the case of misprinted pages due to a loading error, around 50 to 100 sheets will be defective in a row.
If the consecutive failure count setter 62 is set to 3, for example, a failure command will be issued only when three consecutive failures are discovered. The setting of the number of consecutive failures setter 62 can be set arbitrarily.
This makes it possible to monitor only irregular pages due to loading errors. The final defect determination sent to the command circuit is notified to the operator by sounding a buzzer or stopping the collating machine.

The memory circuit 75 will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.

The misaligned pages monitoring device according to the present invention can perform position correction for left-right misalignment (displacement perpendicular to the direction of signature movement) and front-back misalignment (displacement in the direction of movement of the signature) of signatures.

The number of optical sensors and the number of memories in the sensor section 1 are determined by the number of times correction is to be performed. For example, if correction is to be performed 5 times in the left and right direction,
Five optical sensors of the sensor unit 1 must be installed in the left and right direction. A total of six memories, one standard memory 15 and five monitoring memories 16, are required.

Assume now that position correction is performed five times in the left-right direction and three times in the front-back direction.

First, when correcting the position 5 times in the left and right direction, N is 28 in Figure 2, and the required memory is 1.
5, memory 24, memory 25, memory 2
6, memory 27 and memory 28. First, a standard paper surface is measured with one optical sensor, and the signal is stored in the memory 15. Next, the monitoring paper surface is measured by five optical sensors, and the signals are stored in memories 24-28.

First, the memory 15 and the memory 24, the memory 15 and the memory 25, the memory 15 and the memory 26, the memory 15 and the memory 27, and the memory 15 and the memory 28 are compared. The comparison is performed by the level failure detector 31 and failure rate detector 51. This result is stored in the non-defective product determination storage circuit 71. This means that the left and right deviations have been corrected five times and compared. Next, a case will be described in which position correction is required three times in the front-rear direction.

In this case, memory 24 for memory 15
, and the constant K is compared.

In the following order: Address of memory 15 and memory 25 +K, address of memory 15 and memory 26 +K, address of memory 15 and memory 27 +
K, address of memory 15 and memory 28 +K
The comparison is made five times. With this, it is possible to correct the case where the signature is shifted backwards, and the case where the left-right shift overlaps with the backward shift. Finally, the addresses of the memories 15 and 24 minus the constant K are compared. Memory 15 and memory 2 in the following order
A similar comparison will be made for memory 5 to memory 28. In all of these comparisons, the non-defective product and the defective product are determined in the non-defective product determination storage circuit 71 based on the results of all the comparisons in the left-right direction, front-rear direction, and diagonal directions in combination thereof.

The above operations are carried out by the memory switching circuit 72, address correction calculation circuit 73, and rereading number counter 7.
4.

Figure 4 shows the various parts during one rotation of the collating machine power shaft (that is, until the folds stacked on the frame are conveyed onto the belt conveyor and collated as one book). FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of FIG.

(A) shows the rotation of the power shaft of the collating machine. (B) shows the movement of the signature; at X the vise grips the signature, at Y it moves, and at Z the signature is dropped onto the conveyor. (C)
indicates the output pulse of encoder 4. (D) shows the starter 3 pulse. (E) shows the output pulse of the preset counter 21. (F) is sensor part 1
shows the output of (G) shows the output of the AD controller 11.

When the collating machine's power shaft begins to rotate (A), the vise grabs the signatures stacked on the collating machine frame and moves them.
(B). At the same time, a pulse is sent from the starter 3 to the measurement time controller 12 (D), and measurement is started. Furthermore, the encoder 4 attached to the power shaft of the collating machine outputs pulses according to the rotation angle.
The signal is sent to the AD controller 11 and preset counter 21 (C). Simultaneously with the movement of the signature, an analog signal output is sent from the sensor section 1 to the AD controller 11 (F). AD controller 11
Now sample the analog signal output using pulses from encoder 4 (G). The output of the AD controller 11 is sent to the AD converter 13 and converted into a digital signal.

The signature is dropped onto the conveyor before the power shaft makes half a revolution, that is, before 512 pulses from the encoder 11 are generated. Therefore, when the preset counter 21 counting the pulses from the encoder 4 reaches the count set by the paper size setting device 21, it sends a measurement end pulse to the measurement time controller 12 (E).

Although the paper surface can be determined in the above manner, the determination accuracy can be further improved by controlling the memory circuit 75 as follows.

Through the above-described operation, if it is determined that, for example, the memory 25 and the standard memory 15 among the monitoring memories 16 match and are of the same type, the memory controller 14 erases the memories in all memories other than the memory 25. Then, the information in the memory 25 is left and this is used as a standard for comparison with the next monitoring paper. Information on the next monitoring paper is stored in a memory other than memory 25. If the result of the judgment is that it is defective, the memory will not be changed.

This is because there are slight changes in the print density, etc. of printed matter, and there may be a difference between what was printed in the morning and what was printed in the afternoon. Therefore, if the standard value is kept constant, it may not be possible to judge correctly. This is because it cannot be done. In addition, standards must be constantly updated in response to changes caused by electrical drift, etc.
This greatly helps improve measurement accuracy.

According to the misprint monitoring device according to the present invention, false detections caused by local stains, uneven printing, misaligned printing, changes in print density, operating conditions of the device, etc. can be minimized when identifying patterns on printed matter. In addition, since the paper surface can be checked over a wider range than a static pattern check, the ability to discriminate between different kinds of paper surfaces is large, and it is highly effective when used to prevent misprints during collation.

In addition, it corrects for misalignment of monitored signatures, i.e., left/right misalignment, front/backward misalignment, and cases where these overlap, and correctly determines whether the monitored signature is good or defective based on the correct comparison result. can be accurately grasped. Therefore, the efficiency of collation work can be significantly improved.

Further, since the allowable level range and degree of similarity can be arbitrarily set using the defective level setter and the defective rate setter, accurate judgments can be made in response to a wide variety of printed materials.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the misprint monitoring device according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a detailed block diagram of the memory circuit 75, and Fig. 3 is an explanation showing how the amplified sensor output is sampled and AD converted. In Figure 4, the power shaft of the collating machine is 1.
It is an explanatory diagram showing operation of each part during rotation. 1...Sensor section, 2...Amplifier, 3...Starter, 4...Encoder, 11...AD controller, 12...Measurement time controller, 1
3...AD converter, 14...Memory controller, 15...Standard memory, 16...Monitoring memory, 21...Preset counter, 2
2... Paper size setting device, 31... Level failure detector, 32... Failure level setting device, 41... Preset counter, 42... Failure rate setting device, 51...
...Failure rate detector, 61...Continuous failure occurrence detector,
62...Continuous failure count setting device, 71...Good product judgment memory circuit, 72...Memory switching circuit, 73...
Address correction calculation circuit, 74... Rereading number counter, 75... Memory circuit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of optical sensors installed on the fold stacking table of a collating machine used in bookbinding and arranged perpendicular to the direction of movement of the signatures, and converting each output from the plurality of optical sensors into digital signals. an AD controller and an AD converter; one standard memory and a plurality of monitoring memories for storing the digital signals; a level failure detector for comparing the contents of each memory with a predetermined level; and the level failure detector. A defective rate detector that compares the number of defective signals from the monitor and the number of measurement points, and a non-defective determination memory circuit that determines whether the monitored signature is a good product or a defective product based on the comparison result, Measure the bottom paper surface of the standard signature placed on the stacking table with one of the plurality of optical sensors, convert the output into a digital signal with the AD controller and AD converter, and store it in the standard memory; , the bottom paper surface of the monitoring signature placed on the folding table is measured by all of the plurality of optical sensors, and each output is converted into a digital signal by the AD controller and AD converter and stored in the plurality of monitoring memories. After storing them separately, the plurality of monitoring memories are sequentially read out for horizontal monitoring and compared with the standard memory in a level defect detector in order to correct the positional deviation of the monitoring signature, and the front/back direction is performed. For monitoring, a constant is added to or subtracted from the address of the separate monitoring memory, read out and compared with the standard memory in a level failure detector, the monitoring memory to be read is determined, and the content of the read monitoring memory is performed. and the contents of the standard memory, store the number of defective signals for which the difference exceeds a predetermined level in the defect rate detector, and compare the number of defective signals with the number of measurement points; A misprint monitoring device characterized in that the misprint monitoring device is configured to monitor misprint by determining whether the monitored signature is a non-defective product or a defective product in a non-defective product determination storage circuit based on the comparison result.