JPH0344000B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a method for detecting irregular pages and an apparatus for detecting irregular pages that occur during the bookbinding process.

BACKGROUND ART Conventional misprint detection devices print marks such as spines on the backs of signatures, detect the marks with optical sensors, and identify whether or not the signatures are normal.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, with this conventional device, the backing label must be printed on the signature, and the position of the backing label may vary depending on the printed matter, so the positioning of the backing label may vary depending on the printed matter being handled. The installation position of the detector had to be adjusted.

In addition, since all printing paper is folded by machine, compared to the traditional hand-folding process, folding may be uneven or misaligned, and the spine may be folded in and disappear, causing machine malfunctions and It stopped.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and device for detecting misprints that can detect and eliminate misprints regardless of the type of printed matter or the presence or absence of a backing label, by solving the drawbacks of the prior art described above. There is a particular thing.

Means for Solving the Problem The above purpose is to apply light to a plurality of measurement points on the monitoring paper surface and the standard paper surface, to receive the reflected light from each measurement point with a plurality of light receiving elements corresponding to each measurement point, and to
For each measurement point, calculate the difference between the amount of reflected light on the monitoring paper surface and the amount of reflected light on the standard paper surface, and then calculate the arithmetic average of the amount of reflected light on the monitoring paper surface and the amount of reflected light on the standard paper surface for each two adjacent measurement points. Calculate an arithmetic mean, take the difference between the two arithmetic averages, and detect misprinting by comparing the number of differences between the two types that exceeds a predetermined level with the total number of differences between the two types. A method for detecting misaligned sheets, characterized in that the sensor unit is installed on each fold stacking table of a collating machine used in bookbinding and is configured with a plurality of optical sensors provided corresponding to measurement points, and the optical sensor. an amplifier for amplifying each output from the amplifier, a multiplexer for time-sharing each output from the amplifier and sequentially sending it to the AD converter, and a standard memory and a monitoring memory for storing the digital signal converted by the ADN converter. , a level failure detector for comparing the contents of each of the memories with a predetermined level, and a failure rate detector for comparing the number of failure signals from the level failure detector and the number of measurement points, The bottom paper surface of the standard fold placed on the fold stacking table is measured by the optical sensor of the sensor section, the output is converted to a digital signal by the AD converter and stored in the standard memory, and After measuring the bottom paper surface of the monitoring fold placed on the stacking table with the optical sensor of the sensor unit, converting the output into a digital signal with the AD converter and storing it in the monitoring memory,
The difference between the content of the monitoring memory and the content of the standard memory is calculated for each measurement point, and the number of defective signals for which the difference exceeds a predetermined level is stored in the defect rate detector. The arithmetic mean of the contents of the monitoring memory and the arithmetic mean of the standard memory are calculated for each measurement point, and if the difference between the arithmetic mean of the monitoring memory and the arithmetic mean of the standard memory exceeds a predetermined level. The arithmetic mean of the monitoring memory is used as a defective signal and the number thereof is stored in the defective rate detector, and by comparing the total number of defective signals with the number of all measurement points, the number of irregular pages is detected. This is achieved by the characteristic misprint detection device.

The method of detecting misprinted pages of the present invention involves applying light to the paper surface,
Based on the difference in the amount of reflected light, it is determined whether the paper surfaces are of the same type or different types.

The method for detecting irregular pages of the present invention is to first store the signal of the bottom page of the standard signature in a memory, then store the signal of the bottom page of the monitoring signature in another memory, and compare the two. to determine whether the pages are different.

In the method for detecting misprinted pages of the present invention, a plurality of points on a paper surface are used as measurement points. For this reason, the sensor section of the misprint detection device according to the present invention includes a plurality of optical sensors.

However, this comparison could simply be made as E ₁ −E ₁ ′=0 (E ₁ is the signal of the standard paper measured by one optical sensor, and E ₁ ′ is the signal of the monitoring paper). There is a risk that any irregularities in the paper surface, measurement errors, positional deviations, etc. will be judged as defective. Therefore, we set E ₁ −E ₁ ′<±M, and let M be the defect level that is expected to occur when measuring the amount of reflected light at the same position.
It is determined that the signals are not the same beyond this point.

However, microscopic differences often occur even on the same page due to a single spot of dirt or small print irregularities. For this reason, when two paper surfaces are measured and individual measurement points are compared, there will be some points where the same signal will not be obtained depending on the position. Therefore, in the present invention, the points that are defective by comparing the same positions with each other are totaled, and the ratio of the number of defective points to the number of all measurement points is set in advance, and the defective points are determined in this ratio. When the number of pages exceeds , it is determined that the paper being monitored is of a different type.

The principle explained above is illustrated in FIG. 1.

The vertical axis indicates the amount of light reflected from the paper surface. Axis A indicates the level of the pure white paper surface, and axis B indicates the level of the pure black paper surface. Further, (a), (b), (c), ... (g) indicate the measurement position, that is, the position of the optical sensor. Therefore, in this example, the sensor section is provided with seven optical sensors.

Signal 100 indicates the standard paper signal, E ₁ to E ₇
indicates the value measured by the optical sensor. signal 100a
is the signal obtained by adding the defective level M to the signal 100, and the signal 100b is the signal obtained by adding the defective level M to the signal 100.
This is the signal obtained by subtracting . A signal 101 indicates a signal from the monitoring paper, and E ₁ ′ to E ₇ ′ indicate values measured by the optical sensor. Measure the monitoring paper and get a signal of 100
If a predetermined number or more of measurement points are present between signal 100a and signal 100b, it is determined that the measurement paper surfaces are of the same type.

Now, in the example shown in Figure 1, one page is divided into 7
Monitored at one measurement point. The more measurement points there are, the more accurate the determination can be. In order to increase the number of measurement points, many optical sensors must be provided in the sensor section.

The method for detecting misprinted pages of the present invention achieves the same effect as when measuring at many measurement points without increasing the number of optical sensors as described below.

That is, new information (E ₁ ′+E ₂ ′)/2 can be obtained by the signal E ₁ ′ at the first measurement point and the signal E ₂ ′ at the second measurement point on the monitoring paper. . This (E ₁ ′+E ₂ ′)/2 is compared with the standard paper information (E ₁ +E ₂ )/2 obtained in the same way.

Similarly, (E ₂ ′+E ₃ ′)/2 and (E ₂ +
E ₃ )/2, (E ₃ ′+E ₄ ′)/2 and (E ₃ +E ₄ )/2,
...and compare them respectively. In this way, for example, 13 pieces of information can be obtained using 7 photosensors.

Embodiment Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the detection device of the present invention.

The sensor unit 1 is connected to a folding stacking table (hereinafter referred to as
It is fixed to the collating machine (simply a frame) and monitors the bottom page of the signatures stacked on the collating machine frame. For example, if there are n frames, n sensor units 1 are also required. No.1...No.n indicates the frame number. The sensor section 1 is composed of a plurality of optical sensors. Therefore, the detection device of the present invention measures multiple points. The sensor unit 1 is made to reflect the light from a light source lamp onto the paper surface, and convert the reflected light into an analog quantity of electricity using an optical sensor. The output of the sensor section 1 is amplified by an amplifier 2. The amplifier 2 is preferably a buffer amplifier that performs impedance conversion in order to prevent noise and the like from entering.

The amplified signal is sent to multiplexer 79. The analog signal is time-divided by the multiplexer 79 and sent to the AD converter 13 one after another. In the AD converter 13, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal.

Through this operation, the analog signal is stored as a digital signal in the storage circuit 75 for each measurement point according to instructions from the memory controller 14.

The case where there is one frame will be described below. The same idea can be applied to the case where there are multiple frames.

The memory circuit 75 can be broadly divided into a standard memory 15 and a monitoring memory 16 based on their roles. There is no functional difference between the standard memory 15 and the monitoring memory 16. The memory 15 stores information on the standard paper, and the memory 16 stores information on the monitored paper. The operations of memory 15 and memory 16 are as follows.

The contents of the memory 16 are stored in the level failure detector 31.
The data is compared with the contents of the memory 15, and if there is a difference of more than a predetermined defect level M, it is detected as a defective point. In other words, the first standard page of the memory 15
Information on the th measurement point (hereinafter referred to as E ₁ ) is derived to the level failure detector 31 . Next, information on the first measurement point on the monitoring paper in the memory 16 (hereinafter referred to as E ₁ ′)
is guided to the level defect detector 31. Then, the level defect detector 31 determines whether E ₁ ' is a defective point by determining E ₁ -E ₁ '<±M. The defective level M is arbitrarily set by the defective level setter 32.

If E ₁ ' is a defect signal, one pulse is sent from the level defect detector 31 to the defect rate detector 51. The defect rate detector 51 counts the number of pulses. Next, the information on the second measurement point on the standard paper (E ₂ ) and the information on the second measurement point on the monitoring paper (E ₂ ′) are compared in the same way, and it is determined whether E ₂ ′ is a defective signal or not. Please be judged. This operation is performed for all measurement points.

Furthermore, the level defect detector 31 performs the following comparison.

That is, in the level failure detector 31, E ₁ and E ₂
New information (E ₁ + E ₂ )/2 is calculated from
Information (E ₁ ′+E ₂ ′)/2 is calculated from E ₁ ′ and E ₂ ′.
And this (E ₁ ′+E ₂ ′)/2 and (E ₁ +E ₂ )/2
are compared. If (E ₁ '+E ₂ ')/2 is a defect signal, one pulse is sent from the level defect detector 31 to the defect rate detector 51.

Similarly, (E ₂ ′+E ₃ ′)/2 and (E ₂ +
E ₃ )/2 is (E ₃ ′+E ₄ ′)/2 and (E ₃ +E ₄ )/
2 is (E ₄ +E ₅ )/2 and (E ₄ ′+E ₅ ′)/2 is
..., are compared by the level failure detector 31, respectively.

When all measurement points are compared in this way, the number of defective signals is stored in the defective rate detector 51. Whether or not a signature is defective is determined based on the ratio of the number of defective signals to the total number of measurement points. The total number of measurement points also includes the number of new pieces of information created from two measurement points by the level failure detector 31. For example, when the actual number of measurement points is 7, the total number of measurement points is 7+6=13.

The defective rate setter 42 sets the ratio of defective signals to the total number of measurement points. For example, if the defective rate setting device 42 is set to 20%, all measurement points are set to 10%.
Two points is the limit for the number of defective signals. These two pieces of information are sent from the defective rate setter 42 to the defective rate detector 51. The number of defective signals is stored in the defective rate detector 51, and the number of defective signals is compared with the information sent from the defective rate setting device 42, and the signals indicating whether the monitored paper is of the same type or different types are continuously displayed. It is sent to the defect occurrence detector 61.

The continuous failure occurrence detector 61 issues a failure command to a command circuit (not shown) as a final failure only when the number of failure determinations reaches the number set by the continuous failure count setting device 62. If the consecutive defective count setting device 62 determines that even one sheet is defective, it can issue a defective command, but in the case of misprinted pages due to a loading error, about 50 to 100 sheets will be defective in a row, so it is possible to issue a defective command. If the number of times setter 62 is set to 3, for example, a defect command will be issued only when a defect is found three times in a row. The setting of the number of consecutive failures setter 62 can be made arbitrarily, and this number of consecutive failures setter 62 makes it possible to detect only irregular pages due to loading errors. The final defect determination sent to the command circuit is notified to the operator by sounding a buzzer or stopping the collating machine.

The setting of the failure level M in the failure level setter 32 and the failure rate in the failure rate setting unit 42 may be done manually, but they can also be done automatically as described below.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the defective level M and the defective rate are automatically set.

When a standard sheet is placed on the folding table, the automatic discrimination level setting device 86 sets the defective level M and the defective rate by the following operation.

For example, if there are frames from No. 1 to No. 6, No.
The standard paper surfaces are compared in all 15 combinations, such as the No. 1 standard paper surface and the No. 2 standard paper surface, the No. 1 standard paper surface and the No. 3 standard paper surface, and so on. At this time, the defective level M and the defective rate are set to appropriate values. Comparison between standard sheets is performed according to instructions from the memory controller 14. Since there are no two standard papers that are the same, if even one set of standard papers is determined to be of the same type, the set values for the defective level M and the defective rate are large. Therefore, the value of the defective level M or defective rate is automatically reduced by the automatic discrimination level setter 86. Conversely, if all the standard sheets are determined to be "different types", the values of the defective level M and the defective rate are sufficiently small. However, if the values of the defective level M and defective rate are too small, a discrimination error will occur in which "same type" is treated as "different type", so the values of the defective level M and defective rate are
slightly larger.

The automatic discrimination level setter 86 repeats the above operations and sets the highest defective level M and defective rate that can distinguish all standard sheets from each other in the defective level setter 32 and defective rate setter 42. be.

Effects of the Invention As described above, the method for detecting misprinted pages according to the present invention is as follows:
Actual measurements by the optical sensor (e.g. E ₁ ′,
Since the new information ((E ₁ ′ + E ₂ ′) _/ 2) is calculated from E 2 ′) and the new information is also compared, it is possible to avoid measuring at more measurement points than the actual measurement points. You can get the same effect as . Therefore, according to the misprint detection device of the present invention, it is possible to accurately determine the monitored paper surface.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the principle of the method for detecting misprinted pages of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the misaligned page detecting device of the present invention. 1...Sensor section, 2...Amplifier, 13...
AD converter, 14...Memory controller, 15...Standard memory, 16...Monitoring memory, 31...Level defect detector, 32...Failure level setter, 42...Failure rate setter, 51...
Defective rate detector, 61...Continuous failure occurrence detector, 6
2...Continuous failure count setting device, 86...Discrimination level automatic setting device.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Light is applied to a plurality of measurement points on a monitoring paper surface and a standard paper surface, and the reflected light from each measurement point is received by a plurality of light receiving elements corresponding to each measurement point. Calculate the difference between the amount of reflected light on the monitoring paper surface and the amount of reflected light on the standard paper surface, and further calculate the arithmetic mean of the amount of reflected light on the monitoring paper surface and the arithmetic mean of the amount of reflected light on the standard paper surface for each two adjacent measurement points. The method is characterized by detecting irregular pages by calculating the difference between the two arithmetic averages and comparing the number of differences exceeding a predetermined level among the two types of differences with the total number of differences between the two types. A method for detecting misprinted pages. 2. A sensor unit that is installed on each fold stacking table of a collating machine used in bookbinding and is composed of a plurality of optical sensors provided corresponding to measurement points, and an amplifier that amplifies each output from the optical sensor. , a multiplexer for time-dividing each output from the amplifier and sequentially sending it to the AD converter; a standard memory and a monitoring memory for storing the digital signals converted by the AD converter; a level failure detector for comparing the level, and a failure rate detector for comparing the number of failure signals from the level failure detector and the number of measurement points; Measure the paper surface at the bottom of the page with the optical sensor of the sensor section, convert the output into a digital signal with an AD converter and store it in the standard memory, and further,
The bottom paper surface of the monitoring signatures placed on each of the folding stacking tables is measured by the optical sensor of the sensor unit, and the output is converted into a digital signal by the AD converter and stored in the monitoring memory. The difference between the content of the monitoring memory and the content of the standard memory is calculated for each measurement point, the number of defective signals for which the difference exceeds a predetermined level is stored in the defective rate detector, and the number of defective signals for which the difference exceeds a predetermined level is recorded. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the contents of the monitoring memory and the arithmetic mean of the standard memory for each measurement point, and if the difference between the arithmetic mean of the monitoring memory and the arithmetic mean of the standard memory exceeds a predetermined level; The arithmetic mean of the monitoring memory is used as a defective signal, and the number thereof is stored in the defective rate detector, and misprinted pages are detected by comparing the total number of defective signals with the number of all measurement points. A device for detecting misprinted pages.