JPS6152414B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Clay filters are commonly used to remove organic contaminants such as surfactants. These contaminants may occur naturally in liquid fuels or may be introduced through cross-contamination with other petroleum products containing additives. The purpose of removing the surfactant is, for example, to improve the ability of liquid fuels to separate water, and the surfactant can be used as a coalescer and separator to coagulate and separate water from the fuel by causing the material to lose its supercapacity. The goal is to prevent it from disappearing. Clays are also used as typical decolorizing agents to remove organic colorants from fuels. Attapulgite-type clay is generally used in bags or containers in industrial turbofuel processing equipment.

An essential problem in the past regarding clay filtration has been the desire or need to estimate the current capacity and remaining life of the clay material in the main filtration system. When using high-quality fuel,
The fuel flowing from the wood was also of high quality, and nothing was revealed about the effectiveness of the clay as a material. However, when using lower grade fuels containing large amounts of surfactants, the effluent fuel should be analyzed appropriately using a suitable conventional instrument such as a water separator, such as a Mini-Sonic Separometer.
Estimate the ability of clay to separate water from fuel, i.e. to flocculate and separate water from fuel. When the ability of the clay material to remove the surfactant deteriorates or becomes ineffective, operation must be stopped and fresh clay elements provided. Prior to the invention of the present invention, there was no way to predict the residual activity of the clay before the lower grade fuels were leached from the wood.

As aviation gas turbine engines developed, the demand for high performance fuels increased and even small amounts of contaminants significantly degraded the effectiveness of the fuel. Typical control techniques include the use of hyperseparators, which are designed to remove entrained water and solid contaminants from the fuel. This superseparator uses a special material for solids separation to separate water and solids from hydrocarbon fuels, a flocculation medium to flocculate fine water droplets, and a porous membrane to separate water flocculated in the fuel. do. In either case, it is necessary to aggregate before separation.

Separation fails when the fuel exiting the overseparator contains more than a predetermined amount of solids or water. There are various causes for this failure of separation, some being "mechanical" or known as "inactivation". Mechanical defects include improper fitting of the over-element, pinholes in the new over-element, or damage to the over-separator that occurs during use. On the other hand, deactivation can occur even when the overseparator is mechanically perfect. Inactivation of the material is the obvious cause,
Current technology does not allow for immediate detection or prevention of material deactivation, which degrades the performance of the coalescing cartridge or separation element in the equipment without any indication or warning. If either element becomes inert, the contaminants are not removed from the fuel and end up in the aircraft engine.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART As mentioned above, it is possible to quantitatively and immediately measure the industrial performance of a superconductor and/or superseparator before it reaches the stage of failure or ineffectiveness, and to determine its remaining life. No predictively effective device or method was known heretofore. It is known in the art to provide sample loops with instruments that analyze certain characteristics of the flow to analyze flowing fluids, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,765,226. However, this approach is insufficient and does not utilize the desired sidestream monitoring device. That is, a desirable device would replicate as closely as possible the characteristics of the typical operating section of the main flow device to be sensed, without interfering with the operation of the main device at any moment. equipment or lateral flow monitoring equipment) by removal or other suitable means to provide an immediate indication of the performance characteristics of the main equipment and to predict the lifetime of the operating compartments within the main equipment. This is a device that can.

During the preliminary search for this invention, the following other US patents were also searched:

626760 - Kohn 104203 - Dahl 1187046 - Lamarter 1515080 - Strachah et al. 1696735 - Scovill 1943811 - Child et al. 2168125 - Hearn 2302552 - Johnson 2679320 - Walton 2843077 - Leifer 3077 989 - Larkin 3412786 - Taylor 3572507 - Juskuvic However, none of the above patents The patent is not found to disclose the above-mentioned desirable means that would preclude the patentability of the patent. It should be noted that all of the above patents, with the exception of the two Leifer and Taylor patents, relate to full flow devices and to pressure sensing devices that indicate the presence of particulates on the surface of the material or heat exchanger.

In contrast, the present invention relates to sideflow modeling of main flow devices on a proportional and kinetic basis, where the sideflow devices are removable, can be tested under controlled test conditions, and are It is an instant detection means that estimates and indicates the current condition of the device and predicts its remaining life.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for sensing a side stream of a main device as a sample, which can proportionally and dynamically replicate and effectively simulate the operating characteristics of complex operating elements of the main device. The significance of proportionally and dynamically modeling the operating characteristics of the operating elements of the main overflow device is as follows. The operating elements of the main filtration system are the flocculator and the separator. Modeling the operating characteristics of these elements does not simply mean reducing their shape and dimensions, but also ensuring that the overmedia elements of these elements, i.e., overmaterial, are identical to the material of the main overflow device, and that the cross-sectional area of this overfill material is the ratio of the flow rate to the flow rate per unit time is substantially the same as the ratio in the operating element of the main flow device;
and that the flow velocity and residence time of the flow are substantially equal to the values in the operating elements of the main filtration device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a monitor that instantly and continuously detects the characteristics and quality of the main device in response to the conditions when the side stream monitor is removed and tested or inspected. The monitoring method and apparatus of the present invention is particularly effective in conjunction with clay strainers and/or perseparators for removing contaminants from liquids such as jet fuel. In each case, the bypass side stream is arranged between the inlet and the outlet of the superconductor or superseparator, and in this bypass the device has a small corresponding compartment that is able to reproduce the characteristics of the dominant operating elements of the main device. will be established. In the case of clay filters, the flow rate and residence time of fuel flowing through a given section of one main filter element is duplicated. In the case of hyperseparators, the working section of the sidestream device uses the same elements as the working elements used in the main unit, such as wire mesh, fiber sheets, glass fiber screens, etc., but its dimensions are similar to those of these elements. The cross-sectional area to liquid flow ratio is reduced to be the same as the corresponding element of the main overseparator. The present invention thus allows side flow monitoring to have similar proportional and dynamic characteristics to the operating elements.

When measuring and detecting the performance of a clay filter, regardless of the quality of the fuel flowing through the main clay filter, a clay filter located in the side stream connecting the inlet and outlet of the main clay filter should be used. It essentially duplicates the flow rate and residence time of the flow through the subsections of one main flow element. In order to measure the performance of the clay, a side flow filter containing clay identical to the clay installed in the main device was removed from the side flow and placed in a small measuring device, and various tests were conducted to determine the known standards. measuring and appropriately labeling the effectiveness of clay against Replace the clay in the vessel every time the clay in the main device is replaced. Whenever flow is produced in the main system, it flows proportionately through the side streams, thus indicating the cumulative history of the clay in the main system.

In the case of a superseparator, the sidestream monitoring device has an operating element compartment that is scaled down in proportion to the elements in the main device, and its flow characteristics are the same as in the main device, with a cross-sectional area versus flow ratio of The ratio corresponds to a large overpartition. Furthermore, elements of the monitoring system are replaced only when elements of the main system are replaced, thereby replicating and simulating the life history of the main element.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows the side stream monitoring device of the present invention in combination with a conventional liquid filter 10, ie, the main filter device of the present invention. It is designed to remove contaminants from flowing liquids. The filter has an inlet 12 and an outlet 14, with dirty feedstock entering through the inlet and purified product exiting through the outlet. The main filtration device 10 has as a selected operating element a number of cartridges 16, each cartridge weaving a filtration element 16 (hereinafter also referred to as a filtration element) essentially clays of the attapulgite and montmorillonite types. Consists of standard excess elements placed in a sealed bag or can. These standard superelements (e.g. Facet Enterprises, VelcanFilters
etc.) There are several types of commercially available products, and they are usually referred to as clay superelements. The cartridge is typically mounted on a cartridge retaining plate 18. The inflow channels are indicated by arrows in FIG. A sidestream monitoring device is shown generally at 20 and is connected between inlet 12 and outlet 14.
The device can essentially include a prefabricated device at the inlet and outlet, typically connected to ASTM sampling probes 22,24. In this system, a monitor filter 28 is connected to the side flow passages via standard fittings 30 on both sides thereof, and a rotameter 26 is connected in series. This rotameter has a flow control valve. The monitor sieve 28 is designed to substantially replicate the flow rate and residence time of the flowing liquid, or fuel, through a compartment of one main sieve cartridge 16 of the main sieve 10, as shown in FIG. The monitor filter 28 has an interstitial clay material 32 which is generally annular and tapers inwardly in the direction of flow (having a truncated conical cross section) for a predetermined length L of internal flow. Road 3
4, the inlet diameter Din is the maximum, and the outlet diameter
Let Dout be the minimum. Monitor overload device 2
The clay material in 8 is a virtual replica of the main clay material, such that the clay surface area in contact with the flowing side stream is at a predetermined ratio for the same parameters of the main filter. A baffle plate 36 is provided at the entrance into the clay material 32 to prevent the incoming flow from striking the clay and leaving a small channel in the clay, and a standard wire mesh screen 3 is provided downstream directly adjacent to the entrance.
8, this screen 38 is similar to, but slightly larger than, the screen 40 provided at the exit end. At the exit (also used in the main device)
Paper 42 is provided adjacent (upstream of) screen 40 and adjacent O-ring seal 44. The clay used in the sidestream monitor is the same as the clay actually used in the large main unit to be monitored, and is replaced with a new one when the main unit's overcartridge is replaced.

Typical dimensions of the sidestream monitoring device are, when the flow rate through the sidestream device is 100ml/min, specifically the monitoring device Din = 3.81cm (1 1/2in), Dout = 1.191cm
(3/4in), L=6.03cm (2.3/8in).
This reduced dimension is determined by calculating the total flow rate per unit area of the outer and inner diameters of the commercially available clay filter element when operating at rated flow rate. The rated flow rate of this excess element is specified by the manufacturer. The unit area was calculated by multiplying the perimeter of the outer or inner element by the length of this element. The diameter of the side flow monitor was then made proportional to the flow per unit area. It should be understood that these are exemplary and the actual dimensions will depend on the actual dimensions of the commercially available elements, the rated flow rate and the desired flow rate of the sideflow monitor under these conditions.

When the clay material in the side stream monitor is to be measured and analyzed in a prescribed manner to determine the performance of the clay in the main device, the monitor 28 containing clay is removed from the side stream. , attached to a small portable pumping device containing a reservoir of predetermined rated fuel. At this time, the flow control valve 30 is closed to prevent the sample from flowing into the side flow line. This small pumping device has a reference fuel reservoir, for example 60-70 MSS rated (ASTM D-2550 “Test
for Water Separation Characteristics of
The pump is passed through a monitor clay filter at the rated flow rate (i.e., the same flow rate per unit area as the main element).A suitable sample (e.g. 50
ml) of spilled fuel using a Mini-Sonic Separometer as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,478,578.
(Manufactured by EMCEE Electronics Inc., P, O, Box 32,
The ability of a fuel to separate water is measured in a conventional device, such as the one in New Castle, Delaware 19720. As a result, when the MSS rating is high, that is, 90 or higher, it indicates that the clay material has sufficient performance. However, MSS between 80 and 90 indicates reduced effectiveness of the clay, and below 80 indicates no effect. These tests can be performed at the main flow system site since the pump system is portable. The clay in the main unit can be replaced based on special performance measured by the monitor clay filter. Plot the effectiveness of the clay by periodically testing the monitor clay filter,
Points with high deviations, ie high clay deactivation, indicate when to replace over-elements of the main device.

It is known that the effectiveness of clay materials to absorb and remove surfactants from fuels is a function of the residence time or relative flow rate of the fuel, or the time that the surfactant-containing fuel is in contact with the clay. Based on this relationship and the results of testing the monitor clay by taking spill samples, the remaining life of the clay component can be predicted. As a typical example, by passing fuel through a monitored clay filter at a flow rate higher than the normal rated flow rate (i.e., 200% of the rated flow rate per unit area calculated from the flow capacity of the main system),
Lower MSS values can be obtained at faster flow ratings before similar values can be obtained at the rated flow rate of the overflow device. This indicates that inactivation of the clay is imminent and allows estimation of the remaining life of the clay. However, because passing the clay at a flow rate lower than the rated flow rate improves the effectiveness of the clay for surfactant removal, the results of the MSS analysis obtained using the monitored clay strainer at lower flow rates indicate that the main strainer A method can be provided for predetermining the degree to which the flow rate is reduced to the optimum flow rate required to flush out the higher grade fuel.

The basic thing is that the clay material in the monitor filtration device is the same clay material as the material in the main filtration device, and that the area, volume, and flow rate of the material are compatible with the main filtration device in a predetermined ratio. It is. In this way, the geometrical and operational characteristics of the superelements in the monitoring device can be made identical to those in the superelements in the main device.

Although not shown, the end cover of the monitor 28 can be connected to the monitor main body 46 by suitable means such as welding. To facilitate the loading and unloading of clay material into the monitoring vessel, the inlet end (Din) is fitted with an end cap 48 which is threaded into the body by means of screws 50 or (not shown). ) held by a quick relief fitting of the usual type.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6, a conventional superseparator main system 52 includes a coalescer system 56 and a separation element 54. In the embodiment of FIGS. Flow enters coalescer 56 through inlet 58. The coalescer is designed to remove solid contaminants and separate small droplets from the water-emulsified fuel stream, causing the droplets to coalesce and expand so that their weight settles and separates them from the fuel. be. Normally it flows from the inside of the coreessa to the outside. The stream exiting the coalescer contains agglomerated water droplets and as it passes through separation element 54, it intercepts the agglomerated water droplets and prevents them from entering the product stream. In the case of a separator, the flow enters from the outside to the inside as shown by the arrow. The flocculated and separated water collects in a storage tank and is then discharged. A sidestream monitoring device 62 is coupled between the inlet and outlet of the overseparator (as in the embodiment of Figures 1-3). A sidestream monitoring device 62, shown enclosed in dotted lines, connects at one end to the standard probe 22 and connects to the outlet end 24 as usual. This monitoring device 62 includes a section of the actual element on the larger main device to be monitored, which section is within the capabilities of an analytical device such as a Mini-Sonic Separometer and has a suitable rating. The dimensions shall be such that it has a flow rate. It is essential that each component of the compartment filter have substantially the same cross-sectional area to flow rate per unit time ratio as the large filter element. Similar to the previous embodiment, the monitor element is replaced only when an element of the main device is replaced, thereby replicating and simulating the life history of the main element. In this way, the performance of the overseparator can be tested by the monitor at any time, regardless of whether the main unit is in use or not, without interrupting the operation of the main unit. Current methods of determining primary element performance are to shut down the primary equipment, open the container, remove a representative element, and test it in a single element test ring, usually at a remote location. During this time, the main unit cannot be used. On the other hand, if the lateral flow monitoring device of the present invention is used, the test can be performed in just about 5 minutes at the same location without interrupting the operation of the main device.

In the side flow monitoring system, the coalescer 66 is a proportionate replica of the coalescer 56 of the main system, and in series with it is a standard flow control valve 64 (26
) are concatenated. A monitor separator 68 could also be coupled, but experience has shown that the coalescer deactivates before the separator element, so the sidestream monitor separator 68 is not necessary. Therefore, monitoring of coalescing is of primary importance. FIG. 5 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the sideflow monitor core sensor 66. It has an outer housing 69 with screws 70 at each end for threading an inlet end cap 72 and an outlet end cap 74, as shown, or attached at one end by other conventional means such as a quick relief fitting. The other end can also be welded. Each end cap is provided with a suitable O-ring seal to prevent fuel from leaking as it passes through the mini monitor core sensor. A suitable gasket 78 is also provided at the inlet end to secure the cartridge and prevent fuel flow from bypassing between the material element and the monitor housing. There are a plurality of material elements spaced within the monitor housing 69 along its longitudinal axis, which correspond to material elements in the fuel flow path within the main system. The material elements are, in order of flow direction, a perforated screen 80, paper 82, a second perforated screen 84, and glass fiber mats 86 and 88, as an example of a commercially available special filter.
and cotton socks 90, the latter being the outer element of the main sieve element. Between these elements are spacer elements 92, each spacer having a different diameter and calculated based on the flow rate per unit area of the main flow device. The diameter of each compartment, which corresponds to the flow area and contact surface, is determined by calculating the flow rate per unit area of each element of material of the main flow element. The unit area is the circumference of a material element multiplied by the length of this element. Flow rate per unit area is calculated by dividing the rated flow rate of the element (as specified by the manufacturer) by the total area of the material element. Next, the diameter of the spacer is made proportional to the flow rate per unit area.

FIG. 6 shows a monitor separator 68, which can be optionally added. It is basically similar in general construction to the monitor core measurer, but the elements therein correspond to the actual materials used in the separator of the main unit. A separator element 98 is provided across the direction of flow and is a replica of the separator 54 of the main device. Device 99 is a storage tank that collects the coagulated and separated water and discharges it by occasionally opening valve 100.

To test the performance of a hyperseparator, the first
It is carried out in a similar manner to the embodiment of Figures 3 to 3. Remove the container containing the test compartment for each element from the side stream.
Add a predetermined amount of reference fluid, e.g. 100MSS fuel, to the Mini-Sonic Separometer device along with water.
Pass through the monitor vessel via the MSS device. A sample of the effluent is taken and a conventional turbidimeter included in the MSS instrument measures the emulsion water present in the fuel effluent from the hyperseparator compartment. Water that remains unagglomerated after passing through the overseparator reduces the light transmittance. This shows the corresponding MSS value. It can be determined that the material is inert when the fuel exiting the sampler at the rated flow rate of the filter reaches a predetermined MSS level, for example 85. flow rate and use over-element compartments to prevent impending inactivation.
This can be done through the relationship between the MSS rating and the MSS rating. When inertization begins, the agglomeration of small water droplets is more sensitively affected by the flow rate, so a large amount of unagglomerated water flows into the fuel flowing at a flow rate higher than the rated flow rate of the partitioned coalescer. Forewarns that the effectiveness of the coalescer will be lost at lower flow rates.

Additionally, the over-separation compartment included in the sidestream monitoring device can also provide a means for sensing static electricity caused by different fuels flowing through the particular material used. This involves first electrically insulating the test section of the overseparator, and then measuring the potential difference with the ground using an electrometer.

Additionally, although this sidestream monitoring method and apparatus was disclosed for clay oversegmenters and overseparators,
Similar sidestream monitoring can be utilized in other systems when immediate indication of the performance of main system elements is preferred or desired.
This can be used in equipment such as catalytic reactors, where residual activity or "poisoning" of the catalyst is detected.
can be measured.

Although special embodiments of the present invention and some modifications thereto have been described in detail in order to explain the application of the principles of the present invention, the present invention may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the principles thereof. You should understand what you can do. It will therefore be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the scope of the claims.

Since the sidestream monitoring device of the present invention has a small model element that can proportionally and dynamically reproduce the operating characteristics of the operating elements of the main flow device,
The characteristics of the operating elements of the main filtration device passing through a liquid, for example fuel oil, can be easily reproduced.
Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the monitoring device may flow the same liquid as the main flow device, while
It is also possible to estimate its operating characteristics in real time, and after removing the monitoring device, it is possible to pass a reference liquid through this device and detect its over-operation to estimate the characteristics of the operating elements of the main over-operation device. is also possible.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid filtration device having a side stream monitoring device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the side stream monitoring device of FIG. 1, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an overseparation device having a sidestream monitoring device of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the sidestream monitoring device of FIG. 4. 6 is an enlarged view of the sidestream monitor separator of FIG. 4. 10, 52... Main filtration device, 12, 58... Inlet, 14... Outlet, 16... Cartridge, 18
... Cartridge holding plate, 20, 62 ... Side flow monitoring device, 22, 24 ... Sampling probe, 26, 64 ... Rotameter, flow rate control valve,
28...Monitor overload device, 30...Joint, 32...
Clay material, 34... Channel, 36... Deflector plate, 3
8, 40, 80, 84...wire mesh/porous screen, 42,82...paper, 44,76...O-ring, 46...monitor housing, 48,
72, 74...Lid, 50,70...Screw, 54...
... Separator, 56 ... Coalescer, 58 ... Conduit,
66... Monitor coalescer, 68... Monitor separator, 69... Monitor separator, 78... Gasket, 86, 88... Glass fiber mat, 90...
Cotton socks, 92...Spacer, 98...Separation material, 99...Water tank, 100...Valve.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A side flow monitoring device that is combined with a main flow device to monitor operating elements within the main flow device, comprising: (a) means for connecting both ends to an inlet and an outlet of the main flow device; (b) a monitor provided on the coupling means, in which the proportional and dynamic characteristics of the operating elements in the main flow device are reproduced analogously to the operating elements in the main flow device; and a monitor having a small model element representing and displaying the effectiveness of the operating element; 2. A side flow monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the monitor reproduces the flow rate and residence time of the flow through a predetermined subsection of the main flow device. 3. The monitor has a plurality of model elements, each element having dimensions such that the ratio of cross-sectional area to flow rate passing through each element per unit time is substantially the same as the ratio in the operating element in the main flow device. A side stream monitoring device according to claim 1. 4. The side flow monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the main flow device has an overseparator. 5. A sidestream monitor according to claim 4, wherein the monitor has a plurality of spaced apart media elements in the housing and a spacer of a calculated diameter between the media elements. Device. 6. The side flow monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the main flow device has a clay material. 7. The side flow monitoring device according to claim 6, wherein the monitor has in the housing a conical annular clay tapered to converge in the flow direction. 8 A side stream monitoring device which is combined with a main flow device to monitor operating elements within the main flow device, the device comprising: (a) means for connecting both ends to an inlet and an outlet of the main flow device; and (b) said connection. a monitor provided in the means, in which the proportional and dynamic characteristics of the operating element in the main filter are reproduced, analogous to the operating element in the main filter, of this operating element; having small model elements representative of effectiveness;
A sidestream monitoring device comprising: a monitor, the monitor being removable such that, after removal from the coupling means, the effectiveness of the monitor against a predetermined criterion can be determined. 9. A side flow monitoring device according to claim 8, wherein the monitor reproduces within the monitor the flow rate and residence time of the flow through a predetermined subsection of the main flow device. 10 The monitor has a plurality of model elements, each element having dimensions such that the ratio of cross-sectional area to flow rate passing through each element per unit time is substantially the same as the ratio in the operating element in the main flow device. A side stream monitoring device according to claim 8. 11. The side flow monitoring device according to claim 8, wherein the main flow device has an overseparator. 12. The sidestream monitor of claim 11, wherein the monitor has a plurality of spaced-apart overmedia elements in the housing and a spacer of a calculated diameter between the overmedia elements. Device. 13. The side flow monitoring device according to claim 8, wherein the main flow device has a clay material. 14. The monitor has a conical clay ring in the housing that tapers in the direction of flow.
A side stream monitoring device according to claim 13. 15 A sidestream monitoring device in combination with a main flow device to monitor operating elements within the main flow device, the device comprising: (a) means for connecting both ends to the inlet and outlet of the main flow device; and (b) said connection. a monitor provided in the means, in which the proportional and dynamic characteristics of the operating element in the main filter are reproduced, analogous to the operating element in the main filter, of this operating element; A sidestream monitoring device comprising: a monitor having a miniature model element representative of its effectiveness; and (c) means for taking a sample of the liquid passing through the monitor. 16. The side flow monitoring device of claim 15, wherein the monitor reproduces within the monitor the flow rate and residence time of the flow through a predetermined subsection of the main flow device. 17. The monitor has a plurality of model elements, each element having dimensions such that the ratio of cross-sectional area to flow rate passing through each element per unit time is substantially the same as the ratio in the operating element in the main flow device. A side stream monitoring device according to claim 15. 18. The side stream monitoring device according to claim 15, wherein the main filtration device has an overseparator. 19. The sidestream monitor of claim 18, wherein the monitor has a plurality of spaced apart media elements in the housing and a spacer of a calculated diameter between the media elements. Device. 20. The side stream monitoring device according to claim 15, wherein the main flow device comprises clay material. 21 The monitor has a conical annular clay tapered in the direction of flow in the housing.
A side stream monitoring device according to claim 20. 22. A method for sensing the performance of selected operating elements of a main flow device having an inlet and an outlet for carrying a flow of liquid, the method comprising: (a) providing a bypass between said inlet and outlet; and (b) providing a bypass on this side. A small model similar to the operating element in the main flow device reproduces the proportional and dynamic characteristics of the operating element in the main flow device and represents the effectiveness of this operating element. (c) passing through the monitoring device a flow of a predetermined sample flowing through the bypass; and (d) removing the monitoring device from the bypass and testing the model element of the monitoring device against predetermined criteria. A sidestream monitoring method comprising the steps of measuring the effectiveness and thereby estimating the effectiveness of the mainflow device. 23. A method of monitoring according to claim 22, comprising the step of substantially reproducing in a monitoring device the flow rate and residence time of the flow through a predetermined section of the main filtration device. 24. Claim 2, comprising the step of substantially reproducing in a monitoring device the ratio of the cross-sectional area to the flow rate of liquid passing through a predetermined section of the host per unit time.
The side flow monitoring method described in Section 2. 25. A method for sensing the performance of selected operating elements of a main filtration device having an inlet and an outlet for carrying a liquid flow, the method comprising: (a) providing a bypass between said inlet and outlet; and (b) providing a bypass on this side. A small model that reproduces the proportional and dynamic characteristics of the operating element in the main flow device and represents the effectiveness of this operating element, similar to the operating element in the main flow device. (c) passing through the monitoring device a flow of a predetermined sample flowing through the bypass; (d) removing the monitoring device from the bypass; and (e) introducing a reference liquid into the monitoring device. (f) taking a sample of the liquid passing through the monitoring device; and (g) making measurements indicating the dynamic performance of the model element of the monitoring device; A sideflow monitoring method comprising measuring the effectiveness and thereby estimating the dynamic performance of a corresponding operating element within a main flow device. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the flow of the reference liquid is passed through the monitoring device at a flow rate greater than the normal rated flow rate of the model element. 27. A method for sensing the performance of selected operating elements of a main filtration device having an inlet and an outlet for carrying a flow of liquid, the method comprising: (a) providing a bypass between said inlet and outlet; and (b) providing a bypass on this side. A small model similar to the operating element in the main flow device reproduces the proportional and dynamic characteristics of the operating element in the main flow device and represents and displays the effectiveness of this operating element. (c) passing a predetermined sample flow through the monitoring device through the bypass; and (d) taking a sample from the monitoring device to determine the effectiveness of the model element of the monitoring device. , thereby estimating the effectiveness of a corresponding operating element in a main flow device.