JPS6156922B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a trolley wire wear measuring device that can be used for either a rigid overhead wire or a normal catenary method.

In the conventional electric railway contact line structure, as shown in Figure 1a, suspension wires 2 are extended to utility poles 1 that are erected at regular intervals near the track side, and a cross-sectional view of the suspension wires 2 is shown in Figure b. The so-called catenary method, in which the trolley wire 4 is stretched almost horizontally using the hanger 3, is widely used. In this case, the trolley wire moves freely to some extent in response to external forces, and is a so-called flexible structure.

On the other hand, in the case of subways, the tunnel cross section is narrowed to reduce tunnel construction costs, and as a result, there is less room for ceiling height, so instead of the above-mentioned flexible structure trolley wire, so-called rigid overhead wire is used. may be used. As shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the structure of this rigid overhead line is that a steel support 6 is attached to the ceiling 5 of the tunnel, and a hanging device 8 is suspended from this via an insulator 7. A frame 9 is further bolted to the frame 9. The lower part of the frame 9 is adapted to hold two trolley wires 10 by pressing a presser 9c with a bolt 9b, and worn out trolley wires can be easily replaced. The length 8 of one section of such a rigid overhead wire shown in FIG. 2c (plan view) is, for example, about 200 m, and a deviation D is given to uniformly wear the pantograph sliding plates. At the connection point J, the trolley wires 10 in adjacent sections are arranged so as to overlap each other so as not to cause dead points in contact with the pantograph. The ground height H of the trolley wire 10 is maintained at a constant value by adjusting the support 6, etc. to ensure stable contact with the pantograph, but the side profile near the connection point J is as shown in Figure 2 d. It is curved so that the pantograph can pass smoothly.

Even if the above-mentioned rigid overhead wires are used in subway tunnels, the connection lines in Figure 1 a and b are installed in above-ground vehicle depots and between the depot and underground track sections.
Generally, the soft trolley wire shown in Figure 1 is used.

Since the trolley wire 4 or 10 gradually wears out during use, when it wears down to a predetermined limit, it must be replaced with a new one. For this purpose, it is necessary to measure the amount of wear in a timely manner.

Generally, there are two types of methods for measuring contact wire wear: a mechanical contact method and a non-contact optical method. Even if the mechanical contact type is used in the case of a rigid overhead wire, it has the fatal disadvantage that the measurement must be temporarily stopped near the connection point J and the measurement sensor must be replaced on the trolley wire, resulting in extremely low efficiency. In addition, in the case of subways, as mentioned above, the cross-sectional structures of rigid and flexible overhead wires are different, so it is not possible to manufacture a mechanical contact measurement sensor that can be used commonly for measuring both types of overhead wires, and the measurement accuracy is not necessarily high enough. There was a problem.

An object of the present invention is to provide a non-contact optical type trolley wire wear measuring device that can be used for measuring the amount of wear of both the normal catarina type trolley wire 4 and the rigid catenary type trolley wire 10, and has high measurement accuracy. be.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 3a and 3b are explanatory diagrams for measuring the wear of the trolley wire 10 of a rigid overhead wire according to the present invention. As shown in Figure A, a laser beam 11 with a sufficiently narrow beam diameter is projected from the side toward the pedestal 9 and the trolley wire 10 in the direction of arrow A (horizontal direction), and is translated in parallel within the range of vertical width W. scan. Generally, when the surface of an object is irradiated with a laser beam,
If the surface of the object is smooth, the reflected light will be concentrated in the direction of regular reflection, but if the surface shape is not smooth due to sudden changes, such as sharp bends, protrusions, or edges, the reflected light will be scattered. It becomes light and disperses in a wide angular direction. Therefore, the laser beam 11
If a light receiver is installed in a direction other than the direction of regular reflection of the light, and the scattered light is received and photoelectrically converted, a signal as shown in FIG. 2B, for example, is obtained. Pulse signals corresponding to the head a of the bolt 9b, the edges b and c of the holding plate 9c, and the edges d, e, f, and g of the trolley wire 10 are obtained. From this signal train, the time interval T _cd between pulses c and d
By measuring , the dimension of the side surface of the trolley wire 10 is calculated with the beam scanning speed kept constant, and the amount of wear can be determined. Here, pulse a at the bolt head does not exist continuously, and it is necessary to ignore pulses other than c and d. In the case shown in FIG. 3a, there are two trolley wires 10, and in such a case, it is necessary to measure the side height of each strip, that is, both. In other words, in the curved part of the track, the trestle 9
Since the trolley wires 10 are installed at an angle, the left and right trolley wires 10 may become inclined and wear out as shown in the figure.
Such sloped wear may also occur in straight sections. Therefore, in the present invention, scanning measurements using a laser beam are carried out independently from both sides of the trolley wire, and both sides are measured separately. From this, if necessary, the inclination angle δ of the worn surface can be calculated.

FIGS. 3c and 3d are explanatory diagrams for measuring the wear of the catenary type trolley wire 4 according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. c, one of the laser beam projection systems (the right side in the figure) is used as is to project and scan the side surface of the trolley wire 4. trolley wire 4
Laser beam 1 to the receiver installed on the left
Since the incidence of 1 is blocked, the blocking time is measured. That is, on the light receiving side, the laser beam 11 is made incident on the photoelectric converter 13 via the optical system 12.
The output signal of the photoelectric converter 13 becomes as shown in Figure d, and the time T _W corresponding to the height w of the trolley wire 4
is detected as zero output during that period. w can be calculated from T _W while keeping the scanning speed constant.

What is important in common to measurements on both the rigid and flexible trolley wires mentioned above is that the laser beam is projected so that it moves parallel to the trolley wire at a constant speed, and that the light receiving direction is arranged rationally. It is.

FIG. 4a is a cross-sectional view of the light projection system of the present invention taken along a plane perpendicular to the trolley wire, in which a laser beam 11' from a laser oscillator 14 is converted by a beam converter 15 into a beam 11'' of an appropriate diameter. Afterwards, it reaches the half mirror 17 while being changed in direction at a constant angular velocity by the scanner 16, where it is divided into two parts.
The component toward the right in the figure is reflected by the concave mirror 19a, and becomes parallel scanning light in which the central axis of the reflected beam 11 always moves in parallel within the scanning width W. On the other hand, the component transmitted through the half mirror 17 is directed to the left by the mirror 18, and is reflected by the concave mirror 19b to become parallel scanning light. (Note that 20a and 20b are position sensors, and their functions will be described later.)
In this way, the trolley wire is irradiated with parallel scanning light independently from both the left and right sides. Note that in order to obtain parallel scanning light, concave mirrors 19a,
The optical path length up to 19b is the concave mirror 19a,
19b.

The parallelism of the center line of the laser beam 11 that performs parallel scanning has been described above, and the beam 11 is narrowed down to a spot P by a concave mirror as shown in Figure b. A laser beam 11'' with a diameter D ₀ from the beam converter 15 is condensed by a concave mirror to produce a spot P at a focal length f.In this case, the spot P is not a geometric point and the intensity is In the case of a Gaussian distributed laser beam, the diameter d ₀ of P is given by the following equation according to electromagnetic wave optics.

However, λ is the wavelength. If a helium neon laser with λ=0.6328 μm is used, f=500 mm, and D ₀ =0.2 mm, then πD ² /4λf≒0.1≪1 and _{d 0} ≒D ₀ .
That is, in such a case, regardless of the focusing effect of the concave mirror, the spot diameter d ₀ is almost equal to the diameter D ₀ of the laser beam 11'' due to the diffraction limit of the laser beam, and therefore, as shown in FIGS. Even if the trolley wire 4 or 10 deviates, scanning can always be performed with a nearly constant spot diameter d _0.However , for this purpose, the value of D ₀ must be small to some extent.General gas laser oscillator The output beam diameter is approximately 0.8 mm.Therefore, in the present invention, the beam converter 15 shown in FIG. For example, by reversing an expander with a 4x expansion ratio, the compression ratio is 1/1.
4, and the diameter of the 0.8mm beam is changed to 0.2mm to suit the purpose.

As described in connection with FIGS. 3b and 3d, the present invention requires that the laser beam scanning speed be uniform and constant. In Fig. 4a, concave mirror 1
The incident beam to 9a and the reflected beam are both inclined at a certain angle with respect to the optical axis 19' of the concave mirror.
When performing parallel scanning using a concave mirror, even if the angular velocity of the deflection of the beam by the scanner is constant, strictly speaking, the parallel scanning speed is not constant. However, for example, whether to use a parabolic mirror or a spherical mirror as a concave mirror, whether to use a part that includes the axial center of the concave mirror or a part that does not include the axial center, and how to set the above-mentioned angle of inclination. , and the size of the scanning angle by the scanner for the measurement range is appropriately selected.
By combining the methods, it is possible to make the parallel scanning speed of the laser beam constant to the extent that there is no problem in practical use. I can do it.

FIG. 4c is a horizontal plan view of the light receiving system of the present invention for the rigid overhead contact wire 10, and FIG. 4d is a horizontal plan view of the light receiving system of the present invention for the catenary type trolley wire 4. As shown in Figure c, parallel scanning by a laser beam is performed in the vertical direction by concave mirrors 19a and 19b at points Q and Q' of the trolley wire 10, respectively, and the shape of the trolley wire changes suddenly as described in connection with Figures 3a and 3b. Scattered and reflected light generated from the photodetector is focused by light receiving lenses 21a and 21b, respectively, and is incident on photoelectric converters 22a and 22b. In this case, as mentioned above, the trolley wire may be affected by, for example, 1
0', the light-receiving lenses 21a and 2
The viewing angle of 1b must be taken into account. Fourth
In the case shown in FIG. d, only the right concave mirror 19a is used and the laser beam 11 performs parallel scanning, so measurements can be made regardless of the deflection of the trolley wire 4. The light receiving lens 21c in this case must be able to receive light within the scanning width W shown in FIG. 3c.

FIG. 5 is an external view of the sensor unit 23, etc. according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the housing 24 includes a laser oscillator 14, a beam converter 15, a scanner 16, a half mirror 17, a mirror 18, concave mirrors 19a, 19b, and a position sensor 20a. , 20b, light receiving lens 21a, 21
b, 21c, photoelectric converter 22a, 22b, 22c
are arranged as shown. In addition, a sled-shaped contact plate 25 placed perpendicular to the trolley wire
a, 25b are arranged at intervals in the direction of the trolley wire, and these contact plates are connected to the trolley wire 4 or 10.
By contacting the bottom surface of the sensor unit 23, the sensor unit 23 assumes the correct relative position with respect to the trolley wire, and the scanning of the side surface of the trolley wire by the laser beam and the detection and measurement of the resulting scattered reflected light and interruption of the scanning beam are performed. Everything will be done as planned.

Since a laser beam is used as the measurement light, a strong beam spot is obtained, and the influence of external light is small, but if necessary, an optical filter can be attached to the photoelectric converter to remove most of the external light. .

FIG. 6 shows a state in which the sensor section 23 is mounted on the roof of an inspection vehicle 28 using a pantograph 27. Due to the upward force of the pantograph 27, both of the contact plates 25a and 25b are pressed against the contact wire 4 or 1.
0, and the sensor section 23 assumes the correct relative position with respect to the trolley wire.

Note that the sensor section 23 is connected to the trolley wire 4 or 1.
Measurements are taken without power being supplied to the 0, so no insulation measures have been taken on the pantograph or the like. If measurement is to be performed while the trolley wire is live, the pantograph 27 must be insulated, and the sensor section 2
It is also necessary to take measures to insulate the signal system from 3 and the power supply system to the sensor (usually DC cutoff in subways).

FIG. 7a is a block diagram of a signal processing circuit for processing signals obtained from the light receiving system of the present invention, and FIG. 7b is a waveform diagram of each signal therein. The output signal of the photoelectric converter 22a is similar to that shown in FIG. 3b, and is shaped into a signal by a waveform shaping circuit 29a. Meanwhile, the position sensor 20a shown in FIG _. Create a voltage signal. The signal is applied to AND gate 31a along with the signal, and pulses a and b are blocked. The time width T _a is the pulse c
Adjustment is made so that the AND gate 31a is opened at the point in time. Pulse c then sets flip-flop 32a, and the set signal and the reset signal for flip-flop 34a allow clock pulses from clock oscillator 36 to pass through AND gate 35a and are counted by counter 40a. Next, when pulse d is input, flip-flop 34a is set, the signal is turned off, and counting of clock pulses is stopped. In other words, the time width T _cd between pulses c and d has been measured. The count value of the counter 40a is converted into an analog value by a D/A converter 41a, and output as a measurement value of the side surface of the trolley wire 10 (rigid overhead wire). In addition, there is one more set of circuits that are exactly the same as the above (everything except the waveform shaping circuit is suffixed with b, and the signal is marked with a dash), and the signal obtained by scanning the laser beam from the opposite side is similar to the one above. After the processing is performed, the D/A converter 41b
is output from. If necessary, these two data signals are input to the arithmetic circuit 42 to calculate the inclination angle δ of the worn surfaces of the two trolley wires 10. Next, in the case of the catenary type trolley wire 4, a signal that is negative during the time width T _W corresponding to the height w of the trolley wire 4 is obtained from the photoelectric converter 22c. After shaping this into a signal, it is added to the AND gate 37, and a clock pulse is applied to the counter 40a during the time width T _W to measure the time width T _W , which is further converted into an analog quantity by the D/A converter 41a. .
Here, the switch 39 is used to switch between the rigid overhead wire type and the catenary type. In the case of the catenary type, the target is the case of a single article.

Next, driving the scanner 16 with a laser beam will be described. A clock pulse from a clock oscillator 36 is applied to a ramp voltage circuit 38 to generate a ramp signal, and the scanner 16 is linearly driven. This maintains the uniformity of the scanning speed together with the configuration of the scanning optical system described above. Note that the signal is also used to reset flip-flops 32a, 34a and counter 40a.

As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to measure trolley wire wear through the rigid overhead wire section and the catenary section using the same device, and since it is a non-contact optical method, it is possible to reduce inefficiency and trouble such as sensor replacement at the rigid overhead wire connection point. There is no fear of this occurring, and since scanning is performed by moving a sufficiently thin laser beam with a substantially constant diameter in parallel at a uniform speed with extremely small deviations, highly accurate measurement results can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 a, b is an explanatory diagram of a catenary type trolley wire, Fig. 2 a, b, c, d is an explanatory diagram of a rigid catenary type trolley wire, and Fig. 3 a, b is an explanatory diagram of a rigid catenary type trolley wire according to the present invention. FIG. 3c and d are principle diagrams for performing catenary type trolley wire measurement according to the present invention; FIG. 4a is a projection system diagram according to the present invention; FIG. 4b is a beam spot illustration; c is a light receiving system diagram when the present invention is applied to a rigid catenary type, d is a light receiving system diagram when the present invention is applied to a catenary type, Fig. 5 is an external view of the sensor section of the present invention, and Fig. 6 is a diagram of the present invention device. FIG. 7a is a block diagram of a signal processing circuit, and FIG. 7b is a signal waveform diagram in the same circuit. 4, 10...trolley wire, 11, 11', 11''...
Laser beam, 14... Laser oscillator, 15... Beam converter, 16... Scanner, 17... Half mirror, 19a, 19b... Concave mirror, 20a, 20b...
Position sensor, 21a, 21b, 21c... Light receiving lens, 22a, 22b, 22c... Photoelectric converter, 23... Sensor section, 24... Housing, 25a, 25
b... Contact plate, 29a to 29e... Waveform shaping circuit, 3
0a, 30b... Monostable multi, 36... Clock oscillator, 32a, 32b, 34a, 34b... Flip-flop, 38... Lamp voltage circuit, 40a, 4
0b...Counter, 41a, 41b...D/A converter, 42...Arithmetic circuit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a trolley wire wear measurement device that measures the side height or vertical cross-sectional height of the trolley wire by projecting a laser beam onto the side surface of the trolley wire and scanning it in the height direction of the trolley wire, a laser oscillator, a laser There is a beam converter that converts the beam diameter into a diameter suitable for measurement, a scanner that changes the direction of the laser beam for scanning, a half mirror that splits this laser beam into two, and a mirror that reflects each of the two split laser beams. The two concave mirrors project the reflected light onto both sides of the trolley wire to be measured and perform scanning by parallel movement of the projection beam according to the movement of the scanner, and detect the scanning start position of each of the two divided laser beams. A light projection system equipped with two position sensors, and a laser beam that scans both sides of the trolley wire to independently receive the scattered reflected light generated from the sudden shape change part of the trolley wire on both sides of the trolley wire.
a set of light receivers A, B, and c; a light receiver C that receives the laser beam projected and scanned by either one of the two concave mirrors at a symmetrical position opposite to the concave mirror with respect to the trolley wire; and d, the light emitting system and light receivers A, B, and C are attached, and the light emitting,
Trolley wire wear measurement characterized by having a casing that holds a light receiving system at a predetermined position with respect to the trolley wire, and a signal processing circuit that processes signals obtained from the light receivers A, B, or C. Device.