JPS6160959B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a waterproofing method for tunnels. In tunnels where the ground for the tunnel is formed by excavating underground and lined with concrete, water from the ground seeps into the tunnel through the concrete folds, and when it freezes during the cold season, the lining becomes damaged. They can cause cracks in the tunnels, impeding the maintenance of the tunnel, or can cause icicles to hang down, creating a major hindrance to vehicle traffic. Various methods have been researched and implemented in order to block the water coming out of such concrete walls, but the waterproofing method has excellent water blocking ability, is easy to construct, and is inexpensive. The reality is that it is still unknown.

In view of the above facts, as a result of intensive research, the present inventors have developed a waterproofing method that is excellent in terms of water-blocking ability, ease of construction, low construction cost, etc., and hereby discloses this waterproofing method. It is something. More specifically, in the present invention, first, the machine-width waterproof sheet is machine-produced as a long piece, or the edges of a predetermined number of waterproof sheets are pasted together in the machine direction, that is, the longitudinal direction. On one side of a wide tarpaulin sheet with a predetermined width, cut out and fold a portion of these tarpaulin sheets at a predetermined interval to create a double part. A flexible belt-like material or a filamentous material such as a rope or wire is interposed and bonded as a reinforcing material, and one or several folds extending in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet are provided. A first pleated tarpaulin sheet is provided, the pleated surface of the first pleated tarpaulin sheet faces the ground side of the tunnel, and the pleats are arranged so as to extend in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, A suitable fastening device such as a rivet or an anchor bolt is passed through the folds, and the folds are fixed to the earth or the shoring of the buried roller, and the necessary parts of the earth surface, that is, the first waterproof sheet, are exposed. Alternatively, cover the ceiling, side walls, or, if necessary, the bottom of a ground sprayed with concrete or supported by shoring. Next, the longitudinal edges of this first pleated tarpaulin sheet and the longitudinal edges of a second pleated tarpaulin sheet, which is composed of one or more sheets like the first waterproof sheet, are overlapped, On the vertical edges of the surfaces of the first and second waterproof sheets facing the concrete wall, pressure-sensitive adhesive layers or heat- or solvent-activated adhesive layers provided in advance are superimposed and adhered to each other. The in-situ joint thus formed is then secured to the ground or shoring by piercing the fasteners from either side of the first pleated tarpaulin or the second pleated tarpaulin of the joint. Further, in the same manner as the installation of the first pleated waterproof sheet, the second waterproof sheet is fixed to the ground or shoring by driving it into the ground or shoring through the fixing tools through the pleats. In the present invention, by carrying out such operations sequentially, the necessary parts of the ground surface in the tunnel are directly or indirectly covered with a pleated waterproof sheet, and then the mold frame is assembled and concrete is poured to perform the lining. It concerns the waterproofing construction method for tunnels.

Next, the present invention will be explained based on the drawings.
The figure is a sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of a tunnel waterproofed according to the present invention, and particularly shows the surface where the lock bolts 4 fix the folds 3 to the ground surface. It is. 1 in the figure shows the exposed bedrock that has been excavated, the ground surface that has been driven with rock bolts or sprayed with concrete, or the ground surface that is supported by erected shoring. 2 is a waterproof sheet covering the ceiling and side walls of the tunnel, and 3 is a fold provided in the waterproof sheet 2, which extends in the circumferential direction of the cross section of the tunnel. 4 or a waterproof sheet fastening device such as an anchor bolt or rivet that penetrates the folds 3 and fixes it to the ground surface. 5 shows a concrete wall covered with earth on the outside of the waterproof sheet 2.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing only the waterproof sheet installed inside the tunnel, where 2' is the so-called first pleated waterproof sheet according to the present invention, and 2'' is the second pleated waterproof sheet. These two tarpaulins are joined at a so-called field joint 6 according to the present invention, and have respective folds 3, 3... provided on the waterproof sheets 2' and 2'' and a field joint 6. It is fixed to the ground surface. However, in this figure, the fastening tool 4
is not shown.

3 and 4 are cross-sectional views perpendicular to the long axis of the folds 3, and what is shown in FIG. 4 is another embodiment in which the internal structure of the folds 3 is different from that shown in FIG. 3. It is shown as follows. The pleats are made by pinching together parts of the waterproof sheet 2 to create a double part, and inserting a strip 7 or a linear body 7' such as a rope or wire as a reinforcing material into the double part. It is formed by hardening with adhesive 8, and can be easily bent in either the left or right direction in the figure.
The reason why the folds 3 are configured in this way is that when the fasteners 4 are used to penetrate them and fix them to the ground surface, the load of the waterproof sheet will be concentrated on these folds until the concrete lining is applied. This is to provide durable strength and to prevent water from the ground side from passing between the sheets of the double section and being transmitted to the concrete wall by penetrating the fasteners 4. In addition, flexible strips or striated bodies such as ropes or wires are used as intervening reinforcing materials in order to provide the flexibility necessary when folding the tarpaulin sheet or aligning it along the ground surface. It is.

Next, FIGS. 5 and 6 show the strip body 7 and the filament body 7'.
A cross section perpendicular to the long axis of the folds 3 of the waterproof sheet 2 adhesively constructed with
2 shows a state in which the fastener 4 is penetrated from the direction of the concrete wall. In the present invention, the fastener 4
Since the water passes through the elastic waterproof sheet 2 and the adhesive layer 8, it is difficult for water to pass between the through hole drilled by the fastening device 4 and the fastening device 4, and water may seep in. However, this water collects on the ground side and prevents it from flowing to the concrete wall side.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the circle in Fig. 1, and shows that the folds 3 provided on the surface of the waterproof sheet 2 facing the ground, and extending in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, extend forward. It is shown in a state where it is bent and fixed to the ground surface with a fastener 4 passing through its folds 3. Tarpaulin sheet 2 is
The concrete lining is pressed against the ground side and is interposed between the ground surface 1 and the concrete wall 5 to prevent water from the ground from passing through to the concrete wall 5 side, thereby exhibiting a waterproof effect.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. This shows how the first waterproof sheet 2'
A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or heat- or solvent-activated adhesive layers 9 and 9' are provided in advance to a predetermined width on the vertical edges of the surfaces of the second waterproof sheet 2'' facing the concrete wall 5. This is done by peeling off the release film or paper (not shown) covering both adhesive layers 9 and 9' and bonding them together at the tunnel site. Bend the joined joint 6 in either direction of the axis of the tunnel, drive an appropriate fastening device 4 such as a lock bolt, anchor bolt, or rivet into the joint part 6 as shown by the dotted line in the figure, and attach it to the ground surface 1. Fix directly or indirectly.

As described above, in the present invention, when fixing a waterproof sheet to the ground surface of a tunnel, the fastening tools are passed through the folds provided in advance on the waterproof sheet, so the work can be done quickly and easily. Since the pleats extend in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, after the installation of one pleat is completed, the installation of the next fold begins, and the installation work progresses steadily in the axial direction of the tunnel. When water collects in the waterproof sheet between the folds and reaches a certain amount even if the waterproof sheet in that area hangs down, the water circulates circumferentially between the folds and flows toward the bottom. This prevents water from flowing down and placing a large load on the mounting section. Further, since the folds provided in the waterproof sheet of the present invention can be bent in any direction in the axial direction of the tunnel, there is flexibility in the construction method when installing the waterproof sheet.

Furthermore, in the present invention, several pieces of waterproof sheets with a machine width are overlapped in advance and their longitudinal edges are glued together to create a wide waterproof sheet several times the machine width, and A necessary number of folds are provided in the longitudinal direction on one side of the wide sheet, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer with constant tackiness or a layer of a predetermined solvent is applied to the vertical edges of the wide sheet by heating or by applying A waterproof sheet consisting of a heat- or solvent-activated adhesive that is activated by water and a release film or paper temporarily attached on top of the adhesive is prepared in advance during construction, and this is used to construct the tunnel. Bring it to the site, pierce the specified fastening tool through the folds and fix it to the ground surface,
When the installation work of one wide sheet is nearing completion, remove the release film or paper from the adhesive layer provided on the next waterproof sheet to be installed and the adhesive layer of the former waterproof sheet, In addition, by performing a specified treatment, a joint is created by gluing, and this joint is fixed to the ground surface in the same way as attaching the folds described above, so the waterproof sheet can be used at the waterproofing construction site. It has the advantage of eliminating the troublesome work of applying adhesive to and bonding.
In particular, the present invention has safety advantages because it eliminates the need to use a solvent-based adhesive in poorly ventilated environments such as tunnels.

Further, in the present invention, since the waterproofing work can be carried out unilaterally in the axial direction of the tunnel, there is an effect that work efficiency is significantly improved.

Furthermore, as a remarkable effect of the present invention, in the present invention, the folds and joints can be fixed with fasteners such as anchor bolts, lock bolts, or rivets by driving tools directly into the ground surface or by using shotcrete or shoring. These fasteners are attached indirectly, such as by interposing the lining, but since these fasteners do not come out at all to the concrete wall that will be lined later, they prevent water from the ground from seeping into the concrete wall. This is something that can be completely prevented at home.

As described above, the present invention is a tunnel waterproofing method that has a satisfactory water-blocking ability with relatively easy work and construction cost, and the industrial effects of the present invention are great.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show embodiments of the present invention; Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel waterproofed by the method of the present invention at right angles to its axial direction, and Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of only the waterproof sheet constructed inside the tunnel. FIGS. 3 and 4 are respectively sectional views perpendicular to the long axis of the folds 3, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are perspective views showing the waterproof sheet as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively. 7 is an enlarged view of the circle shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 2;

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for waterproofing a tunnel, characterized in that the following steps (a) to (c) are performed sequentially in the axial direction of the tunnel. (b) One side of a wide waterproof sheet made by laminating mechanically produced long rubber or synthetic resin waterproof sheets or several sheets of such waterproof sheets with their edges in the machine direction, that is, the longitudinal direction. At predetermined intervals, part of the waterproof sheet is cut out to create a double part, and inside this double part,
A first fold formed by adhering and solidifying a flexible band-like material or a filamentous body such as a rope or wire to provide several folds such that the folds extend in the longitudinal direction. The waterproof sheet with its folds is located on the ground side of the tunnel excavated underground, and
The step of arranging the folds so as to extend in the circumferential direction of the cross section of the dragway, and attaching the folds to the ground surface by passing a fastening tool through them, to cover the necessary parts of the ground surface. (b) At the longitudinal edge of the first pleated waterproof sheet,
The longitudinal edges of the second pleated tarpaulin sheet, which is pleated in the same manner as in the first pleated tarpaulin sheet, are superimposed, and both edges are coated with a pressure-sensitive material formed in advance. or bonding both edges together to form a joint via a layer of heat or solvent activated adhesive. (c) passing a fastener through the joint,
A step of attaching it to the ground surface, and further attaching it to the ground surface by passing a fastener through the folds of the second pleated waterproof sheet.